From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Formaldehyde |
 |
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|
|
|
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other names
formol, methyl aldehyde, methylene oxide, methanal
|
| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
50-00-0  Y |
| ChemSpider |
692 |
| EC-number |
200-001-8 |
| RTECS number |
LP8925000 |
| ATCvet code |
QP53AX19 |
| SMILES |
|
| InChI |
|
| Properties[1] |
| Molecular formula |
CH2O |
| Molar mass |
30.026 g/mol |
| Appearance |
colorless gas |
| Melting point |
-92 °C (pure)
−15 °C (37% solution)
|
| Boiling point |
-21 °C (pure)
96 °C (37% solution)
|
| Solubility in water |
very high (see text) |
| Dipole moment |
2.33 D |
| Structure |
| Molecular shape |
trigonal planar |
| Hazards |
| MSDS |
ICSC 0275 |
| EU Index |
605-001-00-5 |
| EU classification |
Toxic (T)
Carc. Cat. 3 |
| R-phrases |
R23/24/25, R34, R40, R43 |
| S-phrases |
(S1/2), S26, S36/37/39, S45, S51 |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| Flash point |
flammable gas |
Autoignition
temperature |
430 ºC (806 ºF) |
| Explosive limits |
7–73% |
| Related compounds |
| Related aldehydes |
acetaldehyde
propionaldehyde |
| Related compounds |
methanol
formic acid |
 Y (what is this?) (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
| Infobox references |
.^ Most formaldehyde, however, is used in the production of polymers and other chemicals.
^ Formaldehyde is a central building-block in the synthesis of many other compounds.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Most formaldehyde is used in the production of polymers and other chemicals.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde is found in products ranging from pressed wood to cosmetics and is classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ International production was over 46 billion pounds in 2004, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
^ The campaign notes that products with formaldehyde levels over 500 parts per million require warning labels in Europe, although not in the USA. .- Group finds carcinogens in kids bath products - USATODAY.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.usatoday.com [Source type: News]
[2] .^ The occupational health hazards of formaldehyde are primarily due to its toxic effects after inhalation, after direct contact with the skin or eyes by formaldehyde in liquid or vapor form, and after ingestion.- WAC 296-62-07546: Appendix C medical surveillance — Formaldehyde. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC apps.leg.wa.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Thrasher JD, Broughton A, Madison R (1990) Immune activation and autoantibodies in humans with long-term exposure to formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde Embryo toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.drthrasher.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Human exposure to formaldehyde should be minimized, not only for its probable carcinogenic effect, but also for its potential for tissue damage.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
[3]
Forms of formaldehyde
.^ Compounds produced from formaldehyde have many applications.- Formaldehyde (Gas) CAS No. 50-00-0 First Listed in the Second AnnualReport on Carcinogens Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen 10thReport On Carcinogens / NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM 1nov02 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.mindfully.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxidation (or combustion) of methane as well as other carbon compounds, e.g., forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Because formaldehyde resins are used in many construction materials, including plywood, carpet, and spray-on insulating foams, and because these resins slowly give off formaldehyde over time, formaldehyde is one of the more common indoor air pollutants.
.^ Although formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, it is readily soluble in water.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong odor at room temperature.- http://www.aerias.org/DesktopModules/ArticleDetail.aspx?articleId=40&spaceid=3&subid=24 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.aerias.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature, it is readily soluble in water, and it is most commonly sold as a 37% solution in water called by trade names such as formalin or formol .
.^ The textile industry uses formaldehyde-based resins as finishers to make fabrics crease-resistant.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ It is generally recommended that these clothes should be washed before wearing to reduce the level of free formaldehyde.- Detection of formaldehyde in textiles by chromotropic acid method Sanath Rao, Shruthakirthi D Shenoy, Suraj Davis, Sudhakar Nayak - Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ijdvl.com [Source type: Academic]
^ On reaction of these melamine derivatives with formaldehyde, the resulting polymers are forced to adopt a linear architecture.- Novel Melamine-Formaldehyde Condensates with Thermoplastic Properties - Patent application 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.faqs.org [Source type: Reference]
.^ Formaldehyde reversibly polymerizes to produce its cyclic trimer, 1,3,5-trioxane or the linear polymer polyoxymethylene .
^ Busfield and Merigold, 1969 Busfield, W.K. ; Merigold, D. , The gas-phase equilibrium between trioxan and formaldehyde: The standard enthalpy and entropy of the trimerisation of formaldehyde , J. Chem.
^ The organic compounds from which formaldehyde is derived are usual- ly much more stable.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
When dissolved in water, formaldehyde converts to H
2C(OH)
2, a
diol (i.e. a compound with two hydroxy groups). Aqueous solutions of formaldehyde are referred to as
formalin.
.^ It dissolves easily in water and is found in formalin (a solution of formaldehyde, water, and methanol).- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ B. Formalin is a water solution containing either 37%, 44%, or 50% formaldehyde solution and often containing up to 15% methanol, as a stabilizer.- 242 FW 9, Formaldehyde Exposure Control, Fish and Wildlife ServiceManual, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.fws.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Formalin is an aqueous solution with a formaldehyde content of 37-50Z, by weight.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ It is sold as aqueous solutions containing from 37% to 50% formaldehyde by wt & varying amounts of methanol.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ These additional materials may be added either to the urea/metal solution or composition or to the aqueous formaldehyde solution or composition or to both.- Cellulosic urea formaldehyde compositions - Patent 4366096 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
^ Ang Aspartame ay naglalaman ng 10% methanol na kapag nainitan ay nagiging formaline.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
.^ In houses with UFFI, a temperature-dependent relationship with measured formaldehyde levels frequently existed; Formaldehyde levels generally decreased with increasing age of the house.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Paraformaldehyde in the form of candles has been used for fumigating rooms, since it yields formaldehyde when heated.- formaldehyde Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Paraformaldehyde, a solid polymer of formaldehyde, can be vaporized to its monomeric form, which makes it a useful material as a source of formaldehyde in laboratory experiments.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Dermatitis : Contact with formaldehyde or contaminated clothing can also cause a severe form of skin disease called "dermatitis."- AFSCME - Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.afscme.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Structures of formaldehyde, some of its hydrates, and the cyclic trimer called trioxane
Occurrence
.^ Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxidation (or combustion) of methane as well as other carbon compounds, e.g., forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is ultimately sequestered in the form of the carbon in the amino methylene group in the N-substituted aminomethylene compound.- Formaldehyde containing resins having a low free formaldehyde - Patent 5079067 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
^ A more correct statement is that everytime we use shampoo with formaldehyde or any other preservative, we are assured that the product is well preserved and is free from bacterial contamination.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
.^ It may be found in the smoke from forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxidation (or combustion) of methane as well as other carbon compounds, e.g., forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Examples are photochemical smog, automobile exhaust, environmental tobacco smoke, and contaminated indoor air, with building materials as the source.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ In atmosphere , formaldehyde is produced by the action of sunlight and oxygen on atmospheric methane and other hydrocarbons ; thus, it becomes part of smog.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ In the atmosphere, formaldehyde is produced by the action of sunlight and oxygen on atmospheric methane and other hydrocarbons.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ O investigation of the mechanisms of action of formaldehyde, including its ability to produce sensitization of the airways or other tissues.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde (and its oligomers and hydrates) are rarely encountered in living organisms, but are often used in biology when fixing tissues.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ These skin diseases and disorders can occur at levels well below those encountered by many formaldehyde workers.
.^ Methanogenesis , which can start from many C1 sources, proceeds via the equivalent of formaldehyde, but this one-carbon species is masked as a methylene group carried by methanopterin.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ The composition of claim 8 wherein the formaldehyde solution contains melamine in an equivalent ratio of 0.1 to 0.4:1 of melamine for one mole of formaldehyde and the percentage of wood is 75 to 95%.- Cellulosic urea formaldehyde compositions - Patent 4366096 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
^ Formaldehyde is ultimately sequestered in the form of the carbon in the amino methylene group in the N-substituted aminomethylene compound.- Formaldehyde containing resins having a low free formaldehyde - Patent 5079067 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
.^ In the liver and retina, methanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase, resulting in formaldehyde.- NEW DETAILS ON HOW FORMALDEHYDE AND FORMIC ACID FROM METHANOL ARE NEUROTOXIC 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.wnho.net [Source type: Academic]
^ Pure gaseous formaldehyde is uncommon, since it readily polymerizes into paraformaldehyde, a white crystalline solid.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Recently the toxic role of formaldehyde (in methanol toxicity) has been questioned (34).- FORMALDEHYDE & FORMIC ACID FROM 11% METHANOL IN ASPARTAME 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.wnho.net [Source type: Academic]
- Battling the MSG Myth: Aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, aspartate) toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.msgmyth.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde is converted to formic acid in the body, leading to a rise in blood acidity ( acidosis ).- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ "It is now generally accepted that the toxicity of methanol is due to the formation of toxic metabolites (1,2), either formaldehyde or formic acid."- FORMALDEHYDE & FORMIC ACID FROM 11% METHANOL IN ASPARTAME 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.wnho.net [Source type: Academic]
- Battling the MSG Myth: Aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, aspartate) toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.msgmyth.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Battling the MSG Myth: Aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, aspartate) toxicity .- Battling the MSG Myth: Aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, aspartate) toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.msgmyth.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ The suggested concentration is below the limits of detectability for most analytical methods for formaldehyde and lower than background concentrations of formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Advise discharged patients to seek medical care promptly if symptoms develop (see the Formaldehyde-Patient Information Sheet below).- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ There is a low probability that human beings will be able to detect formaldehyde in air at concentrations below 0.01 mg/m 3 .- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
Synthesis and industrial production
.^ Formaldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 CO. The simplest aldehyde , it was first synthesized by the Russian chemist Aleksandr Butlerov, but was conclusively identified by August Wilhelm von Hofmann .- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ This report is the first to document the widespread contamination of children’s products with formaldehyde and 1,4-dioxane.- Campaign for Safe Cosmetics Report: Toxic Chemicals Found in Kid's Bath Products | Environmental Working Group 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ewg.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Three months after the hearing, ATSDR released a new version of its health consultation, saying the first report "contained insufficient discussion of the health implications of formaldehyde exposure."- FEMA Exposes Gulf Coast Residents to Formaldehyde | Union of Concerned Scientists 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ucsusa.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4]
.^ Formaldehyde is synthesized by the oxidation of methanol.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ The process vent gas (after scrubbing) which contains approximately 20 % hydrogen and small amounts of methanol, formaldehyde, and methyl formiate are burned in a boiler to produce steam.
^ FUJII, T. & TONOMURA, K. (1975) Oxidation of methanol and formaldehyde by a system containing alcohol oxidase and catalase purified from Candida sp.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Silver, copper, or iron-molybdenum oxide are the most common catalysts.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The most common catalysts are silver metal or a mixture of an iron oxide with molybdenum and vanadium .- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ In the more commonly-used FORMOX® process, methanol and oxygen react at ca 250-400 °C in presence of iron oxide in combination with molybdenum and/or vanadium to produce formaldehyde according to the chemical equation .- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
In the more commonly used FORMOX process methanol and oxygen react at ca. 250–400 °C in presence of iron oxide in combination with molybdenum and/or vanadium to produce formaldehyde according to the
chemical equation:
[2]
- 2 CH3OH + O2 → 2 CH2O + 2 H2O
The silver-based catalyst usually operates at a higher temperature, about 650 °C. Two chemical reactions on it simultaneously produce formaldehyde: that shown above and the
dehydrogenation reaction:
- CH3OH → H2CO + H2
.^ Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxidation (or combustion) of methane as well as other carbon compounds, e.g., forest fires, in automobile exhaust, and in tobacco smoke.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ General Population Exposure The possible routes of exposure to formaldehyde are inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption, and, rarely, blood exchange, as in dialy- sis.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Because of rapid absorption by both the oral & inhalation route & the rapid metab, little or no formaldehyde is excreted unmetabolized.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
[2]
Organic chemistry
.^ Compounds produced from formaldehyde have many applications.- Formaldehyde (Gas) CAS No. 50-00-0 First Listed in the Second AnnualReport on Carcinogens Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen 10thReport On Carcinogens / NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM 1nov02 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.mindfully.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is a common environmental agent found in paint, cloth, exhaust gas and many other medicinal and industrial products [19].- NEW DETAILS ON HOW FORMALDEHYDE AND FORMIC ACID FROM METHANOL ARE NEUROTOXIC 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.wnho.net [Source type: Academic]
^ Other Massachusetts users of formaldehyde include the electronics and paper and fabric coating industries.- Industrial uses of formaldehyde - Encyclopedia of Earth 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.eoearth.org [Source type: Reference]
.^ It exhibits most of the chemical properties of other aldehydes but is more reactive.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Aldehydes as a group are reactive chemicals with a highly electronegative oxygen atom and less electronegative atoms of carbon(s), and hence have a substantial dipole moment.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Reactivity Profile - Description of the chemical's potential reactivity with other chemicals, air, and water.
.^ Several enzymes can catalyze the reaction that oxidizes formaldehyde to formic acid ...- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formic acid is found in ppm levels in commercial formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ PEER REVIEWED** In the presence of air, formaldehyde is oxidized to formic acid.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde is a good electrophile , participating in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with aromatic compounds , and can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with alkenes .- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is ultimately sequestered in the form of the carbon in the amino methylene group in the N-substituted aminomethylene compound.- Formaldehyde containing resins having a low free formaldehyde - Patent 5079067 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
^ If you experience adverse reactions to formaldehyde, you may want to avoid the use of pressed wood products and other formaldehyde-emitting goods.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Several enzymes can catalyze the reaction that oxidizes formaldehyde to formic acid ...- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ PEER REVIEWED** In the presence of air, formaldehyde is oxidized to formic acid.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Urine Reference Ranges: Normal- normal population level: 21 mg/l (endogenously produced formic acid); Exposed- not established; Toxic- not established.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
Examples of organic synthetic applications
Condensation with acetaldehyde affords
pentaerythritol, a chemical necessary in synthesizing
PETN, a high explosive.
[5] .^ Condensation with phenols gives phenol-formaldehyde resins.- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
^ Phenolic plastics (phenol formaldehyde resins) Phenolic plastics are synthetic resins in which formaldehyde is condensed with phenols.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is produced worldwide on a large scale and is used in the production of phenolic, urea, melamine and polyacetal resins.
With 4-substituted phenols one obtains
calixarenes.
[6].^ With hydrogen sulfide, it forms trithiane .- Formaldehyde: Encyclopedia of chemistry, analytics & pharmaceutics with 64,557 entries. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.chemie.de [Source type: Academic]
[7]
- 3CH2O + 3H2S → (CH2S)3 + 3H2O
Industrial applications
.^ The Department of Housing and Urban Development has set limits on formaldehyde in plywood and particleboard, but they apply specifically to materials used to build prefabricated and mobile homes.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ Before purchasing pressed wood products, including building materials, cabinetry, and furniture, buyers should ask about the formaldehyde content of these products.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Used in many common household products and building materials, it helps make manufacturing adhesives durable.- Glossary of Bamboo Product Terms | Teragren® 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.teragren.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ See also phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde.- Glossary of Bamboo Product Terms | Teragren® 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.teragren.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It is widely used in the manufacture of phenolic, urea, and melamine resins.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is produced worldwide on a large scale and is used in the production of phenolic, urea, melamine and polyacetal resins.
[2]
.^ See also phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde.- Glossary of Bamboo Product Terms | Teragren® 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.teragren.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It is widely used in the manufacture of phenolic, urea, and melamine resins.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Phenol-formaldehyde resins are used in plywood, varnishes, laminates and foam insulation.- Industrial uses of formaldehyde - Encyclopedia of Earth 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.eoearth.org [Source type: Reference]
.^ Aminoplastics are used to increase the wet strength of certain products in the paper industry.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Uses Products manufactured using formaldehyde as an intermediate product are listed in Table 4.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is produced worldwide on a large scale and is used in the production of phenolic, urea, melamine and polyacetal resins.
.^ Urea-formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins are used in foam insulations, as adhesives in the production of particle board and plywood, and in the treating of textiles.- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Since 1978, the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ( 1978) has received more than 50~) complaints from consumers whose homes had urea-for~ldehyde foam insulation.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ CPSC (1979) Status of work on formaldehyde toxicity and urea- formaldehyde foam insulation , Washington, DC, Consumer Product Safety Commission (Memorandum 2 November).- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde is produced worldwide on a large scale and is used in the production of phenolic, urea, melamine and polyacetal resins.
^ Urea-formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins are used in foam insulations, as adhesives in the production of particle board and plywood, and in the treating of textiles.- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
^ A product or process is said to be carbon negative when it sequesters or offsets more carbon than it releases.- Glossary of Bamboo Product Terms | Teragren® 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.teragren.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Formaldehyde concentrations ranging from 1 to 3000 mg/kg were found in such fabrics in the early years of this type of use (Schorr et al., 1974).- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Melamine- formaldehyde resins find use in decorative laminates, thermoset surface coatings, and molding compounds such as dinnerware.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is an important industrial chemical used to make other chemicals, building materials, and household products.- Formaldehyde | DoItYourself.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.doityourself.com [Source type: General]
.^ Phenol-formaldehyde resins are used in plywood, varnishes, laminates and foam insulation.- Industrial uses of formaldehyde - Encyclopedia of Earth 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.eoearth.org [Source type: Reference]
^ Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins are used in products intended for exterior uses.- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Formaldehyde is used in the production of urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, melamine, and polyacetal resins.- Sampling and Analytical Methods: Formaldehyde (Diffusive Samplers) - 1007 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC iforms.osha-slc.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde is produced worldwide on a large scale and is used in the production of phenolic, urea, melamine and polyacetal resins.
^ Profoundly simple, inexpensive and useful, formaldehyde is found in many products, including resins and adhesives, permanent press fabric treatments, tissue preservatives, lawn fertilizers , cosmetics and disinfectants.- Industrial uses of formaldehyde - Encyclopedia of Earth 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.eoearth.org [Source type: Reference]
^ Urea-formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins are used in foam insulations, as adhesives in the production of particle board and plywood, and in the treating of textiles.- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
[8]
.^ September 9, 2007 at 1:00 pm Formaldehyde, associated with several common preservatives used in shampoos, can cause nausea, coughing, wheezing and burning sensations in the eyes, nose and throat at air levels as low as 0.1 ppm (parts per million).- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Profoundly simple, inexpensive and useful, formaldehyde is found in many products, including resins and adhesives, permanent press fabric treatments, tissue preservatives, lawn fertilizers , cosmetics and disinfectants.- Industrial uses of formaldehyde - Encyclopedia of Earth 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.eoearth.org [Source type: Reference]
^ Formaldehyde is found in products ranging from pressed wood to cosmetics and is classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
[9]
Miscellaneous applications
.^ Formaldehyde Common in Toiletries- http://www.health-report.co.uk/formaldehyde Formaldehyde is used in industry in the manufacture of glues and is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and for embalming bodies.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ During the 1970s, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) was used in many homes.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ V11 242 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED** Formaldehyde , when used as a preservative in shampoos, may interact unfavorably with both fragrance components and color additives.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Condition of use or formaldehyde concentration (ppm) .- WAC 296-62-07540: Formaldehyde. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC apps.leg.wa.gov [Source type: Original source]
^ Formaldehyde is intrinsically reactive and thus unstabilised solutions may be oxidised to formic acid and at low temperatures a precipitate of trioxymethylene may be formed.2 The precise composition of the test material used was not clear in many of the studies reviewed but was presumed to be predominantly formaldehyde.
^ Spectrophotometric methods are most commonly used for determining the formaldehyde concentrations in indoor environments; chromotropic acid (4,5- dihydroxy-2, 7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid) and pararosaniline are the most widely used reagents.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde, by itself or in combination with other chemicals, serves a number of purposes in manufactured products.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Chemicals which contain a carbonyl group, such as acetone, may be capable or reacting with 2-HMP. 2.7.2 There are no other known interferences to the sampling method.
^ They cannot be relied upon in the presence of other substances, e.g., tobacco smoke or below a concentration of 0.05 mg/m 3 .- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ These resins are typically manufactured in aqueous alkaline solution through the catalyzed reaction between formaldehyde and the comonomer component.- Formaldehyde containing resins having a low free formaldehyde - Patent 5079067 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
As a disinfectant and biocide
.^ Somewhere in the middle of the article it also says, “An aqueous solution of formaldehyde can be used as a disinfectant as it kills most bacteria and fungi (including their spores).- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Paraformaldehyde (formaldehyde) aqueous solution .- Formaldehyde to Gill's: Chemicals for Light Microscopy, Histology and Electron Microscopy 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.emsdiasum.com [Source type: Academic]
^ It is used most often in an aqueous solution stabilized with methanol (formalin).- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ It is also used as a preservative in vaccinations.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Its reactions with amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important in yielding protein denaturants for use in leather tanning, as preservatives, and in the preparation of vaccines.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ In medicine, formaldehyde solutions are applied topically to dry the skin, such as in the treatment of warts.” .- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Since the melamine-formaldehyde condensates according to the invention can be obtained both in solution and as dried powder, both wet impregnation and dry impregnation are possible.- Novel Melamine-Formaldehyde Condensates with Thermoplastic Properties - Patent application 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.faqs.org [Source type: Reference]
^ PEER REVIEWED** Basic Treatment: Skin- Treated as any burn to prevent allergic contact dermatitis, exposure to formaldehyde or formaldehyde -containing products should be minimized.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ During the 1970s, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) was used in many homes.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Formaldehyde and cancer: What you need to know 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC foodconsumer.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Which brings us to a fact that formaldehyde has many other uses.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Formaldehyde is widely used across many industries, and it has been used safely as a preservative in personal care products for many years.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
[10]
.^ Only formaldehyde cross-links of DNA & protein are stable.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Exposure to formaldehyde resulted in a significant incr in the incidence of DNA-protein cross links.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ However, DNA- protein cross-links are induced at the site of exposure, after inhaling formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
This is exploited in
ChIP-on-chip transcriptomics experiments.
.^ Paraformaldehyde, a solid polymer of formaldehyde, can be vaporized to its monomeric form, which makes it a useful material as a source of formaldehyde in laboratory experiments.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde poisoning is not known to pose additional risk during the use of bronchial or cardiac sensitizing agents.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Furthermore, pro- ducts containing formaldehyde are used for other purposes, e.g., anti- perspirants and skin-hardening agents.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde has high chemical reactivity, good thermal stability, and readily polymerizes; all of these characteristics make it a useful material in the synthesis of a wide variety of products.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Urea-formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins are used in foam insulations, as adhesives in the production of particle board and plywood, and in the treating of textiles.- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Consumer goods and other products The use of formaldehyde in consumer goods is intended to protect the products from spoilage by microbial contamination.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
)
.^ Consumer goods and other products The use of formaldehyde in consumer goods is intended to protect the products from spoilage by microbial contamination.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ A more correct statement is that everytime we use shampoo with formaldehyde or any other preservative, we are assured that the product is well preserved and is free from bacterial contamination.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ The emission is composed of the excess of formaldehyde used during actual production of the wood prod- ucts and that produced by hydrolytic cleavage of unreacted methylol groups in the resins.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
[11]
In photography
.^ Any process that uses formaldehyde for tissue preservation.- Formaldehyde Plan 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.des.umd.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Condition of use or formaldehyde concentration (ppm) .- WAC 296-62-07540: Formaldehyde. 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC apps.leg.wa.gov [Source type: Original source]
^ Conduct an employee exposure evaluation to accurately determine airborne concentrations of formaldehyde by completing Steps 1 through 7 of the exposure evaluation process, each time any of the following apply: - No evaluation has been conducted.- Formaldehyde - WAC 296-856-200 - Basic Rules 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lni.wa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Tissue fixative and embalming agent
.^ If the formaldehyde content in the solutions your facility stores or uses is: .- 242 FW 9, Formaldehyde Exposure Control, Fish and Wildlife ServiceManual, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.fws.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Such resins and the starch containing adhesives during manufacture, storage and use can generate amounts of free formaldehyde in solution that reach a concentration in excess of 0.3 wt.- Formaldehyde containing resins having a low free formaldehyde - Patent 5079067 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
^ A Procedure to Determine Formaldehyde by Acid Titration: Standardize the 0.1 N HCl solution using sodium carbonate and methyl orange indicator.
.^ It has been used as a disinfectant, germicide, and in embalming fluid.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ We use formaldehyde as a preservative or disinfectant.- 242 FW 9, Formaldehyde Exposure Control, Fish and Wildlife ServiceManual, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.fws.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ USES: Formaldehyde is used as a preservative, disinfectant and antiseptic, in embalming solutions and in the manufacture of phenolic resins, artificial silk, cellulose esters, dyes, urea, thiourea, melamine resins, organic chemicals, glass mirrors and explosives.
.^ Formaldehyde Common in Toiletries- http://www.health-report.co.uk/formaldehyde Formaldehyde is used in industry in the manufacture of glues and is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and for embalming bodies.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Evidence from rat studies suggests that recurrent tissue damage occurs in conjunction with exposure to high, cytotoxic concentrations of formaldehyde, and that this is necessary for nasal tumours to be produced.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Being normal components of intermediary metabolism, neither formaldehyde nor formate are stored to any significant extent in any tissue of the body.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Additionally, animal studies suggest that formaldehyde is a potential human carcinogen.
^ It is sold as aqueous solutions containing from 37% to 50% formaldehyde by wt & varying amounts of methanol.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Aqueous solutions are the most colon form of formaldehyde, although alcohol solutions are also available.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ Consumer goods and other products The use of formaldehyde in consumer goods is intended to protect the products from spoilage by microbial contamination.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde Common in Toiletries- http://www.health-report.co.uk/formaldehyde Formaldehyde is used in industry in the manufacture of glues and is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and for embalming bodies.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ PEER REVIEWED** Basic Treatment: Skin- Treated as any burn to prevent allergic contact dermatitis, exposure to formaldehyde or formaldehyde -containing products should be minimized.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde 's production and use as a fertilizer results in its direct release to the environment.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is found in products ranging from pressed wood to cosmetics and is classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ Urea-formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins are used in foam insulations, as adhesives in the production of particle board and plywood, and in the treating of textiles.- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
[13][14] Countries with a strong tradition of embalming corpses, such as Ireland and other colder-weather countries, have raised concerns. Despite reports to the contrary,
[15] no decision on the inclusion of formaldehyde on Annex I of the Biocidal Products Directive for product-type 22 (embalming and taxidermist fluids) had been made as of September 2009.
[16]
Interstellar formaldehyde
.^ In contrast, when methanol was orally admin to rabbits that had been pretreated with diethyldithiocarbamate, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, 17 to 33 microM of formaldehyde were detected in the blood 4 hr later.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The whole matter of emission of volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde is important since they can not only produce unpleasant symptoms but can be very injurious to health.- IKEA and formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.peterre.info [Source type: Original source]
^ I asked her to be sure they are our trailers since there are trailers from many manufacturers in that region and then I referred her back to FEMA for any further questions and answers.” .- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
.^ Presence of potent formaldehyde sources such as particleboard subflooring, urea-formaldehyde foam, extensive quantities of either particleboard or hardwood plywood paneling, cabinets and furniture.
^ Studies on distribution and kinetics indicated that inhaled formaldehyde is extensively metabolized and incorporated (Heck et al., 1982).- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Recent epidemiological studies of occupationally-exposed individuals suggest that formaldehyde causes human cancer.
[18] A proposed mechanism for the formation is the hydrogenation of CO ice, shown below.
[19]
- H + CO → HCO
- HCO + H → H2CO (rate constant = 9.2 × 10−3 s−1)
.^ Initially, much of the formaldehyde emission is due to the release of trapped formaldehyde - that emission falls as the trapped formaldehyde is used up.- IKEA and formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.peterre.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Which brings us to a fact that formaldehyde has many other uses.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ This is equivalent to an average world production rate of formaldehyde from methane of 4 x 10 11 kg/year, which greatly exceeds the total indus- trial formaldehyde production rate (6 x 10 9 kg/year).- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
Safety
.^ Occupational exposure to formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde Embryo toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.drthrasher.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The results show that aqueous formaldehyde solution is a sensitizer for the skin.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ USES: Formaldehyde is used as a preservative, disinfectant and antiseptic, in embalming solutions and in the manufacture of phenolic resins, artificial silk, cellulose esters, dyes, urea, thiourea, melamine resins, organic chemicals, glass mirrors and explosives.
.^ The agency is concerned about exposure to the toxic chemical formaldehyde which is a known carcinogen.- FEMA Warns Workers Not to Enter Stored Trailers : NPR 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.npr.org [Source type: General]
[3] .^ More knowledge is needed on the interactions of formaldehyde with other air pollutants.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Indoor air pollution from phenol-formaldehyde plastics 5.2.4.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ One of the most common uses is in urea-formaldehyde and melamine- formaldehyde resins.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
[20] .^ Concentrations of 0.5 to 2 ppm may cause eye, respiratory, and skin irritation.- Sampling and Analytical Methods: Formaldehyde (Diffusive Samplers) - 1007 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC iforms.osha-slc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ (III)-The concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ An air concentration of 20 ppm is quickly irritating to eyes.
[21] .^ May cause burning sensation in the chest.- http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/formaldehyde.htm 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC avogadro.chem.iastate.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ High concentrations may trigger attacks in people with asthma.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Asthma-like symptoms have been elicited by irritant concentrations of formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
[22][23]
.^ Formaldehyde is produced industrially in large quantities and used in many applications.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Occupational Exposure In the work-place, exposure may be caused by either producing or handling formaldehyde or products containing formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde Common in Toiletries- http://www.health-report.co.uk/formaldehyde Formaldehyde is used in industry in the manufacture of glues and is also used as a preservative in cosmetics and for embalming bodies.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
.^ International Agency for Research on Cancer (June 2004).- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers formaldehyde a probable human carcinogen.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ In 1995, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that formaldehyde is a probable human carcinogen.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Overall evaluation: Formaldehyde is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde is a nasal carcinogen in rats.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ O an evaluation of the human risks associated with decal exposure to formaldehyde .- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ The Environmental Protection Agency has not promulgated an ambient-air quality standard for formaldehyde in the United States.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Average levels of formaldehyde in all units was about 77 parts per billion -- a level higher than U.S. background levels.- Formaldehyde risks in trailers confirmed | New Orleans Metro Real Time News - - NOLA.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nola.com [Source type: General]
^ According to the Environmental Protection Agency, formaldehyde can cause burning sensations in the eyes and throat, nausea and difficulty breathing in some humans exposed at elevated levels.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
[26] .^ According to the Environmental Protection Agency, formaldehyde can cause burning sensations in the eyes and throat, nausea and difficulty breathing in some humans exposed at elevated levels.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ Of the FEMA trailers and mobile homes tested by the Sierra Club, only 23 had formaldehyde levels that “were at less than twice the acceptable long-term exposure limit” of 0.008 ppm, and only 9 where below that standard.- Toxic FEMA Trailer Lawsuit Formaldehyde Lawyers 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.yourlawyer.com [Source type: News]
^ Last year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a report on high formaldehyde levels in trailers where Katrina victims were living and recommended that the Federal Emergency Management Agency move occupants.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
[27] .^ Pressed wood products containing formaldehyde resins are often a significant source of formaldehyde in homes.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Formaldehyde is found in products ranging from pressed wood to cosmetics.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ And the glue often is the source of much of the formaldehyde.” .- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
[25].
.^ [Uba G et al; Am J Ind Med 15 (1): 91-101 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED** A case of anaphylactoid reaction to a patch test with formaldehyde was described.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde can cause serious health problems, particularly in those too young to complain, e.g.- IKEA and formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.peterre.info [Source type: Original source]
^ Formate, a formaldehyde metabolite, can cause death or serious systemic effects.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Released by imidazolidinyl urea.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
^ Tobacco smoke as well as urea-formaldehyde foam insulation and formaldehyde-containing disinfectants are all important sources of indoor formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Airborne formaldehyde concentrations released from paper treated with urea-formaldebyde or melamine-formaldehyde resin were found to be 0.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
[28] .^ Its use in cosmetics is banned in Japan and Sweden.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
[citation needed]
European Ban
.^ All mixtures or solutions composed of greater than 0.1 % formaldehyde; and Materials capable of releasing formaldehyde into the air, under reasonably foreseeable conditions of use, at concentrations reaching or exceeding 0.1 ppm.- Formaldehyde Plan 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.des.umd.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde, by itself or in combination with other chemicals, serves a number of purposes in manufactured products.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Such resins and the starch containing adhesives during manufacture, storage and use can generate amounts of free formaldehyde in solution that reach a concentration in excess of 0.3 wt.- Formaldehyde containing resins having a low free formaldehyde - Patent 5079067 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.freepatentsonline.com [Source type: Reference]
This appears to be misinformation, as official EU chemical databases contradict these claims as of February 19, 2010. This misconception has gained some ground, and even Wikipedia has propagated the misinformation in the past.
.^ A bill backed by industry and environmental groups would set federal limits on a potentially dangerous chemical inside your home: formaldehyde.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ While the MSDS on formaldehyde states 'probable' carcinogen, OSHA has it listed as a 'regulated carcinogen'.- Sen. David Vitter (R-Formaldehyde) | Mother Jones 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC motherjones.com [Source type: General]
^ Workplace exposure 14 Formaldehyde is consistently listed in the top 25 chemicals produced in the U.S. Some of the formaldehyde produced in the U.S. is produced and consumed in the same facility through a closed system.- Sampling and Analytical Methods: Formaldehyde (Diffusive Samplers) - 1007 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC iforms.osha-slc.gov [Source type: Academic]
.^ Formaldehyde 's production and use as a fertilizer results in its direct release to the environment.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Urea-formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde resins are used in foam insulations, as adhesives in the production of particle board and plywood, and in the treating of textiles.- Formaldehyde - Environmental Health and Safety Information - Free 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.ehso.com [Source type: Academic]
^ For example, it is used to add permanent-press qualities to clothing and draperies, as a component of glues and adhesives, and as a preservative in some paints and coating products.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[29][30]
FEMA trailer incidents
Hurricane Katrina & Rita
.^ Four years after Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast, some people in the region are still living in toxic trailers provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).- Toxic FEMA Trailer Lawsuit Formaldehyde Lawyers 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.yourlawyer.com [Source type: News]
^ Dates you lived in a FEMA trailer following Hurricane Katrina: .- Toxic FEMA Trailer Lawsuit Formaldehyde Lawyers 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.yourlawyer.com [Source type: News]
^ Katrina victims now occupy 15,000 travel trailers in the Gulf Coast.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ According to the Environmental Protection Agency, formaldehyde can cause burning sensations in the eyes and throat, nausea and difficulty breathing in some humans exposed at elevated levels.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ One of the residents, Don Ellickson, told KGAN he knew something was wrong soon after moving into his FEMA trailer.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Garratt said FEMA tests trailers before people move in so the air sample is consistent.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins are used in products intended for exterior uses.- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Formaldehyde is used in the production of urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, melamine, and polyacetal resins.- Sampling and Analytical Methods: Formaldehyde (Diffusive Samplers) - 1007 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC iforms.osha-slc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Formaldehyde has high chemical reactivity, good thermal stability, and readily polymerizes; all of these characteristics make it a useful material in the synthesis of a wide variety of products.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ (III)-The concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Last year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a report on high formaldehyde levels in trailers where Katrina victims were living and recommended that the Federal Emergency Management Agency move occupants.- New Bill Could Limit Formaldehyde in Furniture - WSJ.com 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ Subsequent testing by the Environmental Protection Agency in October 2006 and then by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2007 confirmed high levels of formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
.^ Where is formaldehyde found in the home?- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What can be done to reduce formaldehyde levels in a home?- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Formaldehyde in mobile and conventional homes.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
[32][33] .^ Government tests on hundreds of trailers in Louisiana and Mississippi found formaldehyde levels that were, on average, about five times what people are exposed to in most modern homes.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
^ Garratt said FEMA tests trailers before people move in so the air sample is consistent.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The government sets standards for indoor air quality for materials used to build mobile homes, but not travel trailers.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
21, 2007 and Jan.
.^ Tests last year found an average of 77 parts formaldehyde per billion parts of air in FEMA trailers.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several billion pounds of formaldehyde are produced each year in the United States.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Government tests on hundreds of trailers in Louisiana and Mississippi found formaldehyde levels that were, on average, about five times what people are exposed to in most modern homes.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
.^ There are indications that risk increases as radon concentration and duration of exposure increase.- Environmental Hazards in the Home - HSH Associates Library of Mortgage Information 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC library.hsh.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Long-term exposure to formaldehyde can cause cancer.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
^ Repeated and prolonged exposure increases the risk.
.^ Buzbee said Alexander and Cooper were exposed to formaldehyde levels that were multiple times higher than those determined to be safe by the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
^ Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) - ToxFAQs for Formaldehyde24, July 1999 exiting epa22 .- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ More information about formaldehyde can be obtained from your regional poison control center; your state, county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR); your doctor; or a clinic in your area that specializes in occupational and environmental health.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
[34] .^ Measurements in Brserberg, Austria, at 1250 m above sea level (Seiler, 1982), showed a mean value of 0.6 g/m 3 with a variation range of 0.05-2.3 g/m 3 .- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
[35]
.^ But moving out of that housing could cost the residents, said Bill Vogel, FEMA's coordinating officer for disaster recovery in Iowa.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ One of the residents, Don Ellickson, told KGAN he knew something was wrong soon after moving into his FEMA trailer.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Garratt said FEMA tests trailers before people move in so the air sample is consistent.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Lawsuits against RV manufacturers started being filed in 2006.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
[36]
Iowa Floods of 2008
.^ But moving out of that housing could cost the residents, said Bill Vogel, FEMA's coordinating officer for disaster recovery in Iowa.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ One of the residents, Don Ellickson, told KGAN he knew something was wrong soon after moving into his FEMA trailer.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ High numbers of children, the elderly and people with prior health problems were living in FEMA trailers.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
.^ The following March, a Biloxi, Mississippi, television station reported on a local couple who were having formaldehyde problems with their FEMA trailer.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
^ Z of the occupants reported eye irritation, 51: upper respiratory tract complaints, 44Z gastrointestinal tract symptoms, 59Z headaches, and 40Z skin problems.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Have you ever been told that you have emphysema, bronchitis, or any other respiratory problems?
.^ The KGAN test found that six of the trailers had levels of formaldehyde that exceeded Environmental Protection Agency and American Lung Association limits, which are more stringent than FEMA's or Iowa's standards.- Effects of Formaldehyde | 1-800-968-9355 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nontoxic.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Subsequent testing by the Environmental Protection Agency in October 2006 and then by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2007 confirmed high levels of formaldehyde.- Formaldehyde | RV Business 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.rvbusiness.com [Source type: News]
^ Recent research [see links at end of post] supports his focus on the methanol to formaldehyde toxic process: "The United States Environmental Protection Agency in their Multimedia Environmental Goals for Environmental Assessment recommends a minimum acute toxicity concentration of methanol in drinking water at 3.9 parts per million, with a recommended limit of consumption below 7.8 mg/day (8).- Battling the MSG Myth: Aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, aspartate) toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.msgmyth.com [Source type: Academic]
[37][38] The associated publicity has resulted in additional testing to begin in November.
[39]
Contaminant in Food
.^ After rabbits were given an iv admin of formaldehyde , & on the addition of formaldehyde to a rabbit liver homogenate & blood, the formaldehyde in both instances was metabolized rapidly.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
Foods known to be contaminated include noodles, salted fish, tofu, and rumors of chicken and beer.
.^ There is limited evidence that formaldehyde causes adverse reproductive effects.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ PEER REVIEWED** Evaluation: There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde .- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ There are no known long-term effects on humans.- Formaldehyde in Sunsilk shampoo — House on a hill 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC houseonahill.net [Source type: General]
[3] .^ Formaldehyde concentrations in the blood were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.- Formaldehyde (EHC 89, 1989) 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.inchem.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the determination of volatile Organics.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Procedure: Gas chromatography, flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ "It is now generally accepted that the toxicity of methanol is due to the formation of toxic metabolites (1,2), either formaldehyde or formic acid."- Battling the MSG Myth: Aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, aspartate) toxicity 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.msgmyth.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Experiments suggest that most sensitized subjects can tolerate exposure to aqueous formaldehyde at 30 ppm (0.- Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.nap.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ When employee exposure to formaldehyde is from resins capable of releasing formaldehyde, the resin itself and other impurities or decomposition products may also be toxic, and employers should include this information as well when informing employees of the hazards associated with the materials they handle.
.^ High concentrations cause precipitation of proteins, which results in cell death.- ATSDR - MMG: Formaldehyde 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.atsdr.cdc.gov [Source type: Academic]
^ Deaths from cancer of each site, including the lung, were also lower than expected compared to those of either the population of the United States or of local state rates.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
^ In the early 1980s, a mean level of 0.4 ppm and individual measurements as high as several ppm were measured in new mobile homes.- FORMALDEHYDE CASRN 50-00-0 11 January 2010 12:34 UTC www.lindane.org [Source type: Academic]
See also
References
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- ^ a b c "Formaldehyde", Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 88, Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2006, pp. 39–325, ISBN 92-832-1288-6, http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol88/mono88-6.pdf . "Formaldehyde (gas)", Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005, http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s089form.pdf .
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- ^ Commission Regulation (EC) No 2032/2003 of 4 November 2003 on the second phase of the 10-year work programme referred to in Article 16(2) of Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1896/2000. OJEU L307, 24.11.2003, p. 1–96. (consolidated version to 2007-01-04)
- ^ Patel, Alkesh (2007-07-04), Formaldehyde Ban set for 22 Sept 2007, WebWire, http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=41468 .
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- ^ Zuckerman, B.; Buhl, D.; Palmer, P.; Snyder, L. E. (1970), "Observation of interstellar formaldehyde", Astrophys. J. 160: 485–506 .
- ^ Mangum, Jeffrey G.; Darling, Jeremy; Menten, Karl M.; Henkel, Christian (2008), "Formaldehyde Densitometry of Starburst Galaxies", Astrophys. J. 673 (2): 832–46, doi:10.1086/524354 .
- ^ Woon, David E. (2002), "Modeling Gas-Grain Chemistry with Quantum Chemical Cluster Calculations. I. Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of CO and H2CO on Icy Grain Mantles", Astrophys. J. 569: 541–48, doi:10.1086/339279 .
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- ^ http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/pdfs/2016.pdf
- ^ Formaldehyde Levels in FEMA-Supplied Trailers
- ^ Mike Brunker (2006-07-25). "Are FEMA trailers ‘toxic tin cans’?". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14011193/from/ET/#storyContinued.
- ^ ATSDR - Minimal Risk Levels for Hazardous Substances (MRLs)
- ^ FEMA: CDC Releases Results Of Formaldehyde Level Tests
- ^ Suit Filed Over FEMA Trailer Toxins - washingtonpost.com
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- ^ NIGEL DUARA (2008-10-21). "FEMA disputes formaldehyde study of Iowa trailers". Associated Press. http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jQTjw89qkEGgyRpUyURQLnyrPsMwD93V991G0.
- ^ Cindy Hadish (2008-10-24). "FEMA meets with mobile home residents over health concerns". Cedar Rapids Gazette. http://www.gazetteonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081025/NEWS/710259952/1006.
- ^ Moise Ngwa (2010-10-25), formaldehyde testing, Cedar Rapids Gazette, http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol88/mono88-6A.pdf
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