France: Reference

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the French light cruiser Marseillaise was sabotaged by her own crew on November 27, 1942, in order to prevent the Germans from capturing the ship?
the French Gothic Niederhaslach Church in Alsace was plundered in 1525 during the Peasants' War, burnt in 1633 during the Thirty Years' War, and became a slaughterhouse in 1744?
the French flying boat Breguet 730 was designed in the 1930s, but didn't enter service in the French Navy until after the end of World War II due to the German occupation of that country?
the French navigation authority Voies navigables de France manages 3,800-kilometre (2,400 mi) of canals and 2,900-kilometre (1,800 mi) rivers on the largest network of waterways in Europe?
the French orientalist painter Étienne Dinet (pictured) was so fascinated by Arab culture that he converted to Islam?
the French Minister of Cooperation Pierre Abelin initiated the process that culminated with the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975?
the French submarine Plongeur, built in 1863, was the first submarine in the world not to use human power for propulsion?
the French pre-dreadnought battleship Henri IV was the first ship to mount a superfiring gun turret?
the French admiral Dupetit Thouars took possession of the Tahiti archipelago against his government's will?
the feminist Madeleine Pelletier (1874–1939) was the first female psychiatrist in France and that she dressed as a man to protest the oppression of women?
the 1539 Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, which mandated the use of French in official documents, contributed to the rise of French nationalism?
the 5th-century baptistery of the Cathedral of Saint-Léonce, one of France's oldest Christian structures, was concealed after reconstructions in the 13th century and re-discovered in 1925?
the 2007 French science fiction film Eden Log, created by first-time director Franck Vestiel, was shot using only hand-held cameras?
the 1994 French–Romanian film An Unforgettable Summer depicts the persecution of Bulgarians by Romanian Army personnel, in a metaphor of the Yugoslav wars?
the airship Patrie (pictured) broke free from its moorings at Souhesmes, France, blew across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and was eventually lost in the Atlantic Ocean?
the F class destroyer HMS Fury (pictured) carried the former King Edward VIII to France the day after he abdicated the throne?
the automobile factory in Poissy, France, built by Ford SAF, was later owned by Simca, Chrysler and finally Peugeot, and continues production to this day? (pictured)
the French car Simca Vedette (pictured) was first marketed as a Ford and later manufactured as a Chrysler in Brazil?
the French clothing brand Cacharel is named after a small bird that inhabits the Camargue?
the Romanian mathematician Simion Stoilow was ambassador to France and a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference in 1946, just prior to serving as founding director of the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy?
the RTÉ television series The Great Escape follows families as they relocate to countries such as South Africa, Australia, Austria, Italy, France and Spain?
the Louisiana short story writer Ada Jack Carver Snell had a French grandmother who encouraged her literary and intellectual pursuits?
the Royal Navy sloop HMS Beagle captured three French privateers during her ten years of service?
the tanker ship CHANT 26 ended up discharging her cargo in a French field during the Second World War?
the British plan for the battle of Bazentin Ridge in 1916, was dismissed beforehand by one French commander as "an attack organized for amateurs by amateurs"?
the tomb of Pope Clement II in the Bamberg Cathedral is the only extant papal tomb outside Italy and France?
the lighthouse Rumeli Feneri was built in 1855 in order to provide safe navigation for the French and British war ships entering the Bosphorus from the Black Sea during the Crimean War?
the John Lennon song "Beautiful Boy" features the lines "Every day in every way/It's getting better and better", which were inspired by the mantra of French psychologist Émile Coué?
the French village of Giverny, best known as the home and landscape subject of Claude Monet, is a pre-Roman town known in ancient deeds as Warnacum?
the French fast minelaying cruiser Pluton exploded in Casablanca Harbor, French Morocco, on 13 September 1939 while disembarking fuzed mines?
the French colonial administration in Guinea opposed the founding of the political party Socialist Democracy in 1954, as they feared it would split the anti-Sékou Touré vote?
the French won a victory over the Royal Navy in a naval battle off Cape Breton during the American Revolutionary War?
the genre of Hispanic creative arts known as costumbrismo (example pictured) was influenced by Englishmen Joseph Addison and Richard Steele and Frenchmen Jouy and Louis-Sébastien Mercier?
the Great Western Railway operated ships in connection with their trains to provide services to Ireland, the Channel Islands and France?
the German prisoners of war built part of the Stade de Gerland stadium in Lyon, France, after the First World War?
the 1999 hit song "Tomber la chemise" ("Take Off Your Shirt") was part of a sudden popularity trend by rappers of North African immigrant origins in France?
technology from 18th-century France and China was used to improve the economy of Mysore kingdom?
in 2002, a Trotskyist became the general secretary of the trade union centre C.G.T.G in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe?
in 1907 French photographer Léon Gimpel became the first photographer to have his work published in color?
in 1866, French chessplayer Napoleon Marache published one of the first chess books in the United States, which also discussed strategy for backgammon and dominoes?
in 2007 French actress and comedienne Mimie Mathy was selected the fifth most popular French celebrity by the weekly Le Journal du Dimanche?
in Bryan Talbot's graphic novel Grandville, France won the Napoleonic Wars, invaded Britain and guillotined the British Royal Family?
in August 1936, British Ambassador to France Sir George Clerk warned Yvon Delbos of the dangers of French intervention in the Spanish Civil War?
in April 1919, the crew of the French Courbet-class battleship Jean Bart (pictured) mutinied while helping defend Sevastopol from the advancing Bolsheviks?
in France, the Picardy Spaniel is used for hunting snipes?
in 1862, Phan Thanh Gian said that France's "wealth and strength are beyond description"?
in 1787–1788, Barthélemy de Lesseps traveled overland the full length of Russia to deliver reports from the La Pérouse expedition to the French Ambassador in St. Petersburg and from there continued on to Paris?
during the Italian War of 1542–1546, the population of Toulon, France was expelled to make room for an Ottoman naval base?
during the German occupation of Luxembourg in World War I, over 1% of the Luxembourgian population died fighting for France, even though Luxembourg remained officially neutral?
during the Siege of Paris, French inventor and photographer René Dagron used carrier pigeons carrying microfilms to send messages across German lines?
having moved to South Africa to start his missionary work at age 22, Joseph Gérard died at age 83 in Lesotho without ever returning to his home country of France?
in 1696, Catherine Bernard established the aesthetic principle of the French literary conte de fées with the dictum: "the [adventures] should always be implausible and the emotions always natural"?
in 1772, Lieutenant Louis Aleno de St Aloüarn claimed sovereignty over Western Australia on behalf of France?
in 1697 French Huguenot refugee Élie Bouhéreau brought church records from La Rochelle to Ireland to save them from destruction, and they remained there for nearly 200 years?
in a few villages and towns of southern France and Spain it is illegal to die, and that there are attempts to have the same law in a town in Brazil?
in his varied career in French politics, Raymond Janot was concurrently mayor of a small town and secretary-general of the international French Community?
remnants of ancient amphorae indicate wine from Tuscany was exported to southern Italy and France as early as the 7th century BC?
only one of the cardinal electors in the papal conclave, 1304–1305, which elected Pope Clement V, who began the Avignon Papacy, was French?
one of many examples of territorial evolution of the Caribbean is that France sold the Caribbean island of Saint-Barthelemy to Sweden in 1784, who in turn sold it back to France in 1878?
since 1978, countries including Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, and the United States have compiled government reports on groups referred to as cults?
since 2005, after a gap of a century, stone traps are allowed again for bird trapping in selected regions of France?
stencils known as Empègue (pictured) were placed by youths on houses in Beauvoisin, France in August 2000?
some Nazi German anti-partisan operations later became the basis for counterinsurgency policies developed by countries such as France and the United States?
on every December 8^th, families celebrating Fête des lumières in Lyon, France, line their windowsills with candles to express gratitude to Mary, mother of Jesus? (pictured)
on January 21, 2006 Ilan Halimi, a French Jew, was kidnapped by a gang of Muslim immigrant youths and subsequently tortured to death, with the motive being either money or anti-Semitism?
in the 17th century Jean Gery, a French deserter, later served as a guide and translator for the Spanish in North America?
in the 1894–95 Madagascar expedition, France lost only 25 men in combat, but as many as 4,800 men to diseases?
in the 1537 Siege of Corfu, the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Magnificent was joined by a French fleet under Baron de Saint-Blancard?
in the Capture of Ré island in 1625, English and Dutch warships were used controversially to quell a revolt of French Huguenot coreligionaries?
in the Siege of Esztergom (1543), the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman captured the Hungarian city of Esztergom with the support of French artillery?
journalist Albert Londres was one of the 54 people killed in the fire onboard the French ocean liner Georges Philippar on 15 May 1932?
in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Brandenburg was forced by France to return recently conquered Swedish Pomerania to Sweden?
the Vietnamese "poet of love" Xuân Diệu wrote a poem about the love affair between the French poets Arthur Rimbaud and Paul Verlaine, fueling speculations that he himself was homosexual?
the West African trade union centre CGTA, a splinter-group of the French CGT, rejected the notion of class struggle, stating that there were no antagonistic classes in Africa?
the city of Strasbourg, France is the sole or main seat of over 20 international institutions?
the church of Valmagne Abbey in south-central France has been used as a wine cave since the abbey was confiscated and sold during the French Revolution?
the capture of the French frigate Modeste by the British in the neutral port of Genoa in 1793 created a diplomatic incident?
the design of Notre-Dame-des-Missions-du-cygne d'Enghien in Épinay-sur-Seine, France was inspired by the architectural styles of five continents?
the discovery of the Telfer Mine in Western Australia, officially attributed to Newmont Mining, has been claimed by French prospector Jean-Paul Turcaud?
the first helicopter flight was in 1906 in Lisieux, France?
the first Czechoslovakian flag was handed over by the French President in the small Vosges town of Darney?
the final section of La Nouvelle branch (pictured), a canal in south-central France, was constructed in 1776 to link Narbonne to the Canal du Midi?
the capture of King Louis IX during the Seventh Crusade prompted as many as 60,000 young shepherds in France to participate in the Shepherds' Crusade in 1251?
the Roman marble head of a Polyclitan Diadumenos (pictured) found at the Abbey of Vauluisant in Bourgogne, France suggests that the site was once a Roman villa?
the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Dutch Republic compelled the Dutch to fight against their French Protestant coreligionists at the Capture of Ré island in 1625?
the Tonkin commemorative medal was awarded to the French soldiers and sailors who participated in the Tonkin campaign and the Sino-French War, between 1883 and 1885?
the T-18 tank, first produced in 1928, was the first tank designed and built in the Soviet Union, and that its design was based on the French Renault FT-17 of the First World War?
the Vickers machine gun was the standard weapon on all British and French military aircraft after 1916?
the Waterloo Vase is a massive marble urn, 15 feet (4.6 metres) high and weighing 15 tons (13.6 metric tons), which was commissioned by French leader Napoleon but ultimately became an ornament in the British monarch's Buckingham Palace Gardens?
the June 2009 state funeral of Omar Bongo (pictured) was attended by 40 heads of state, including representatives from France, Spain and the President of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe?
the Académie de Poésie et de Musique, which was founded in 1570 under the auspices of Charles IX of France by the poet Jean-Antoine de Baïf and the musician Joachim Thibault de Courville, was the first academy in France?
the first known arch dam was the Glanum Dam, built by the Romans in modern day France during the 1st century BC?
the largest known metal vessel from antiquity is an elaborately decorated bronze volute krater (pictured) discovered at the Vix Grave in Burgundy, France in 1953?
while in service as a troop transport after World War I, SS Ohioan carried two American recipients of the French Croix de Guerre, one of which was a homing pigeon?
two cannons brought as gifts to Louis XIV of France by the Siamese embassy of 1686 (pictured) ended up being seized and used by revolutionaries in the Storming of the Bastille in 1789?
the wealthy connoisseur Claude-Henri Watelet created the first romantic landscape garden in France?
while the Berber scholar Arsène Roux of France collected and studied an enormous amount of Sous Berber texts and manuscripts, almost nothing from his scholarly work actually saw publication during his lifetime?
with the Minas Gerais (pictured), Brazil became the third country to have a dreadnought under construction, ahead of traditional powers like France and Russia?
within the Source Seine commune in France is the source of the Seine?
with the Secret Treaty of Dover signed between England and France, King Charles II attempted to convert England to Catholicism?
the town of Lille, Alberta, was named as such because its coal mine's financial backers resided in Lille, France?
the top of the Chapel of Saint-Michel at Parc naturel régional d'Armorique is the highest point in Brittany, France?
the real objective of the 1732 Treaty of Three Black Eagles, where Prussia, Austria and Russia agreed to support the Portuguese Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém in elections to the Polish throne, was to create a rift between France and Prussia?
the plot of the "4-D" episode of The X-Files was inspired by French journalist Jean-Dominique Bauby, who could only communicate by blinking his left eyelid?
the leader of the French Garden Gnome Liberation Front was given a suspended sentence after the group "liberated" over 150 garden gnomes (example pictured) in 1997?
the spacious Hall of Lost Footsteps was added to the medieval Palace of Poitiers at the behest of Alienor of Aquitaine, Queen consort of France and England?
the striking of a French consul with a fly-whisk by Ottoman ruler Hussein Dey was used as a pretext for the invasion of Algiers?
the third of four expeditions sent in the late 19th century by French nobleman Marquis de Rays to an imaginary majestic colony called New France in present day Papua New Guinea, saw 123 Italian settlers perish of disease and famine?
the term choral symphony was coined by French composer Hector Berlioz (pictured) when describing his symphony, Roméo et Juliette?
the Siamese method (example pictured) is a simple method for creating magic squares, which was brought to France in 1688 following Simon de la Loubère's embassy to Siam?
the Schneider CA1 was the first French tank?
the Burgundy Wars led to the annexation of Burgundy by France?
the bombardment of Brussels by French troops (ruins pictured) in 1695 was later described by Napoleon Bonaparte as being "as barbarous as it was useless?"
the Black African Students Federation in France (F.E.A.N.F.) opposed the French 1965 Loi Cadre, which it considered as a move to Balkanize Africa?
the Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier contains the remains of a Canadian soldier who died in France during World War I?
the Canal de Marseille, built in 1849, is an 80 kilometres (50 mi) canal which runs through Provence to bring water from the Durance to Marseille, in France?
the Chinese House in Potsdam was Frederick the Great's attempt to follow the contemporary Chinese fashion, which originated in France?
the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (pictured) in Nantes, France took 457 years to complete?
the Battle of Palikao was a victory for the British and French forces during the Second Opium War which enabled them to take Beijing and defeat the Qing Empire?
the Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande resulted in the death of the French impressionist painter Frédéric Bazille whilst leading his unit in the attack?
the Abbey of Fontenay, near Dijon in France, was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1118 and is one of the oldest and most complete Cistercian abbeys in Europe?
the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion was the first Canadian unit on the ground in France in the Invasion of Normandy on D-Day, 1944?
the 14"/50 caliber railway guns (pictured), used in France during World War I, were created when the U.S. Navy mounted five spare battleship guns on specially-made railway cars?
the Adrar des Ifoghas, a sandstone massif in Mali's Kidal Region, is half the size of France?
the Amar Mahal Palace (pictured) in Jammu, India, built by a French architect on the lines of a chateau for Raja Amar Singh, is now run as a museum by the Hari-Tara charitable trust?
the Barnenez Mound (pictured) in Brittany, France, is a cairn with 11 chambers built of 13,000 to 14,000 tons of stone dating to about 4500 BC, making it one of the earliest megalithic monuments in Europe?
the Australian Corps was the largest corps fielded by the British army in France during World War I?
the common mullein plant was burnt in France during celebrations on the second Sunday of Lent to protect against evil spirits and demons?
the crown-cardinals of Austria, France, and Spain could exercise the jus exclusivae during papal conclaves from the 16th to 20th centuries?
the Palace of Tau in Reims, France, is named after its shape, which resembles the letter T (tau, in the Greek alphabet)?
the Opinel knife has been manufactured since the 1890s in the town of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne in the Savoie region of France?
the old Rouen tramway was once the largest electric tramway in France, with 70 km (43 mi) of route?
the Pariser Platz in Berlin is named after the French capital in memory of Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813?
the Petit Pont in Paris, France has been destroyed at least 13 times since its construction in the Roman era?
the Sausage Valley of WWI-era France was so named because the Germans frequently flew a sausage-shaped observation balloon above it?
the Rhone Rangers, winemakers who promote the use of grapes from the Rhône Valley in France, were a driving force behind Syrah's increased popularity among Californian wines?
the Nivelle Offensive during World War I involved around 1.2 million French troops and over 7,000 guns?
the Martinican Communist Party became the largest political party in the French département d'outre-mer of Martinique in the 1960s?
the Frot-Laffly landship (pictured) was an early tank design based on a compactor, and built by France in early 1915?
the French Committee of National Liberation formed by Gens. Henri Giraud and Charles de Gaulle officially became the provisional government of France after its liberation from Nazi Germany in 1944?
the Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion is the administrative organisation responsible for monitoring the accounts of professional football clubs in France?
the Harelle was a 1382 tax revolt that began in the city of Rouen and was emulated in many other French cities?
the Iroise Sea on the Atlantic Ocean is France's first marine park?
the Japanese submarine I-8 was a World War II Imperial Japanese Navy submarine, famous for completing a technology exchange mission between occupation forces in France?
the irony mark is an atypical punctuation mark that, along with others, has been featured in some French artistic and literary publications to denote typographically different meanings in sentences?
during the Second World War, SS Hispania was detained by the French, seized by the Vichy French, declared a war prize, passed to the Kriegsmarine and eventually sold back to her original owners?
during World War II the British military successfully airdropped homing pigeons into German-occupied France so that they might carry the locals' intelligence reports back to England?
Levantine architect of French descent Raymond Charles Père, who designed the landmark Izmir Clock Tower (pictured) in Turkey, was a native of Izmir?
Juan Luna's The Parisian Life painting portrays three Filipino gentlemen and heroes glancing inquisitively at a woman while inside a café in Paris, France?
Polish Military Intelligence chief Tadeusz Pełczyński suggested before 1939 that, if war approached, Poland share her Enigma-cipher-breaking techniques with France and Britain?
Michigan, France, and the United States have all sued for claim to the “holy grail” of Great Lakes shipwrecks, French explorer La Salle’s ship Le Griffon (pictured) that sank in 1679?
Philippe Pastour de Costebelle, the French governor of Plaisance, Newfoundland, ordered the destruction of St. John's after its capture by French forces in 1709?
Russian admiral Vasily Zavoyko (pictured) defended against superior British-French forces in the 1854 Siege of Petropavlovsk, and even captured the British banner?
Princess Stéphanie of Monaco’s song "Ouragan" was a number one hit in France?
Polish general Józef Zając held military decorations from Poland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austro-Hungary, and the short-lived state of Central Lithuania?
German physicist Max von Laue wrote an article for Acta Crystallographica, which dealt with the absorption of x-rays under interference conditions, while in French military incarceration in 1945?
French singer Patricia Kaas' 1990 album Scène de vie was certified Diamond in France, Double-platinum in Switzerland and Platinum in Canada?
French poet and novelist Louis Pergaud was a pacifist who was killed in action during World War I in 1915?
French painter Charles-André van Loo was the principal court painter to Louis XV of France?
French painter Adélaïde Labille-Guiard was ordered to destroy her royal portraits after the French Revolution?
French protests caused the Russians to award the contract for the Gangut-class battleship to a Russian firm rather than the German winner of the 1908 international design contest?
French showman and soldier Tarrare could eat his own weight in meat every day?
Frenchman Jean-Marie Le Bris accomplished the world's first powered flight in 1856, with a glider that was pulled behind a running horse?
French top-ten single "Nuit" by the trio Fredericks Goldman Jones was penned in just a few hours?
Russian painter Alexandre Jacovleff (pictured) participated in trans-Saharan and trans-Asian (from Syria to China) expeditions organized by the French car manufacturer Citroën?
Senegalese marabout Mahmadu Lamine was executed by French soldiers for leading an 1886 rebellion against the French colonial government?
Charles Le Gendre (pictured), was born in France, married in Belgium, but died an American general in 1899, working for King Gojong, Emperor of Korea?
Charles Angibaud was the royal apothecary to Louis XIV of France, but left France in 1681 to avoid persecution as a Protestant Huguenot and moved to London, where he was later Master of the Society of Apothecaries?
Château de Clermont (pictured) belonged to the French actor Louis de Funès?
Christian Jouanin, a French ornithologist, has described three species of birds, including Jouanin's Petrel and the critically endangered Djibouti Francolin?
David B. Barkley (pictured), who drowned in the Meuse River, France after completing a scouting mission behind enemy lines during World War I, was the U.S. Army's first Hispanic Medal of Honor recipient?
Eric Borel, a teenager who killed 14 people in Cuers, Var, was the most deadly mass murderer in France since 1989?
Demi-Brigades were military formations created by France, to help better organize the French Revolutionary Army?
Château de Cayx is a royal residence of the Danish monarch in France?
Cécile Guillaume was the first female engraver of postage stamps in France?
trash cans in France are known as poubelles because Eugène Poubelle first imposed them on Paris?
Tahitian nationalist Pouvanaa a Oopa was elected to the French Senate representing French Polynesia following his return from exile in France?
soul singer Bettye Lavette's album Souvenirs was recorded in 1972, but was shelved by Atlantic Records until a French music collector discovered it and released it in 2000, sparking a continuing surge of interest in the singer?
Turkey was so dissatisfied with its first set of stamps that it had France make the second set (example pictured)?
Aeroplanes Voisin, a major French aircraft manufacturer during World War I, was dissolved after the war when its cofounder Gabriel Voisin became more interested in designing automobiles than planes?
Benjamin Fondane, known as a Symbolist poet in Romania, a Jewish existentialist thinker in France and an avant-garde filmmaker in Argentina, was killed at Auschwitz in late 1944?
Allen Bares, a former member of the Louisiana State Legislature, was awarded the Medal of Merit by France for promotion of the French language?
French officer Charles Mangin was despised by his troops during World War I due to his aggressive tactics, which earned him the nickname "The Butcher"?
French naturalist and explorer Théodore Monod had the same great-grandfather as biologist Jacques Monod and director Jean-Luc Godard?
France has strengthened bilateral ties with India by signing agreements allowing it to purchase French-made nuclear reactors, the Mirage 2000 fighters, and the Scorpène submarines?
Dylan McGrath's documentary The Pressure Cooker was criticised by Michelin star-winning French restaurateur Patrick Guilbaud but has been praised by L'Ecrivain owner Derry Clarke, a judge alongside Sammy Leslie on the Adare-produced Fáilte Towers?
Confederate brigadier general James Morrison Hawes studied advanced military tactics at the Cavalry School of Saumur, France?
France is the only former colonial power still to maintain territory in North America?
France was the first country to adopt the 35-hour workweek?
France's Madagascar expedition of 1883 (bombing action pictured) was triggered by the will to remove British economic and religious influence from the island of Madagascar?
France was the first to issue official postage due stamps in 1859?
cinematographer Lawrence Sher first developed an interest in photography after his father convinced him to take a 35mm camera on a Teaneck High School-sponsored trip to France?
Catherine II's Instruction to the Legislative Assembly was banned in pre-revolutionary 18th-century France as a "libertarian book"?
18th century French artilleries were the most efficient at cannon operation (pictured), capable of firing 150 shots per cannon daily during siege?
18th century Franco-Portuguese industrialist Jácome Ratton (pictured) left a vivid account of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake in his memoirs and was exiled to the Azores during the Napoleonic Wars?
11-year old Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein is regarded by Jacobites as third in line for the throne of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland?
18th century French salons were often led by those who were creating the Encyclopédie?
footballer Edward King was honored for heroism in the Philippines and tactical skill in France and later became Commandant of the Army Command and General Staff College?
Camille Le Mercier d'Erm and his colleagues formed the Breton Nationalist Party in 1911 to advocate the independence of Brittany from France?
Cambodia's Mongkol Borei District was part of Thailand until the French demanded it back in 1907?
France's Ford Vedette was the first car to feature MacPherson struts?
French architect Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe designed the structure that initially housed the Hermitage Museum and the palace where Grigory Rasputin was murdered?
French Sinologist Paul Pelliot was caught up in the Boxer Rebellion and trapped in the siege of Peking?
French Olympic shooter Léon Moreaux won his first of seven Olympic medals at the age of 38?
French Roman Catholic archbishop Marcel Lefebvre's father René Lefebvre died in a Nazi concentration camp?
French soprano Germaine Lubin was imprisoned for three years after World War II for her alleged support of Nazi Germany?
French tennis player Henri Leconte won 9 ATP titles in an 11 year period?
French historian Augustin Cochin was the son of Denys Cochin, a prominent right wing Deputy in the National Assembly of France?
French artist Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux and his son Paul created a cyclorama of the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg that drew over half a million viewers within a year of its premiere?
French photographer Robert Demachy took hundreds of photographs and wrote more than a thousand articles on photography, but suddenly gave up the subject without any explanation?
French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac once lived in the house on the Moika River Embankment which now hosts the Consulate-General of France in Saint Petersburg?
French general Jean Touzet du Vigier served four governments in World War II – the Third Republic, the Vichy regime, Free France, and the Fourth Republic?
French Champagne merchant Charles Heidsieck was imprisoned for espionage during the American Civil War, sparking an international incident?
French cartographer Jacques Bertin was the first to provide a theoretical foundation to Information Visualization?
French geography professor Henri Enjalbert theorized that Albania, the Ionian islands and southern Dalmatia were the only European regions with grapevines following the last Ice Age?
French geologist Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois (pictured) was the first to arrange the chemical elements by atomic weight, but his design was ignored by many chemists?
French Major General René Cogny, who later commanded French forces during the First Indochina War, was captured in June 1940 by the German army, and had to escape by crawling naked through a drainpipe?
French lighthouse Phare de la Vieille (pictured) was operated manually as late as 1995?
Etaples Military Cemetery is the largest Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery in France, with over 11,500 burials?
François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery was awarded the Order of Saint Louis for his role in the French victory over British General Edward Braddock in the 1755 Battle of the Monongahela?
a Franco-Hungarian alliance was formed in October 1528 between Francis I of France and Zapolya of Hungary?
a "witch's egg" (pictured), the immature form of the carrion-odoured common stinkhorn, is eaten in parts of France and Germany?
Sir James Hutchison, known as the "Pimpernel of the Maquis" for his liaison work with the French Resistance, was so well known to the Gestapo that he had plastic surgery before being parachuted into France after D-Day?
a regiment of Spanish troops served in the French Army from 1809 to 1813, despite France and Spain being at war with each other in the Iberian Peninsula?
a bridge has existed at the site of the Pont Notre-Dame (pictured) in Paris, France since antiquity?
after France expelled the Vaudois Protestant group living in Piedmont in 1686, the latter fought their way back home during the War of the Grand Alliance?
according to legend, the relics of Saints Ferreolus and Ferrutio were discovered in 370 by a military tribune whose dog chased a fox into a cave near present-day Besançon, France?
a scandal caused by the suicide of French politician and suspected murderer Charles de Choiseul-Praslin helped foment the 1848 Revolution?
French mycologist René Maire wrote a work on the local flora of the Haute-Saône in the Franche-Comté region of northeastern France when he was only 18 years old?
Englishman Christopher Merret wrote the first description of the méthode champenoise used to make sparkling wine, long before it was documented in the Champagne region of France?
Kabloona (1941) is a classic account of a Frenchman's life among Canadian Inuit?
Jeûne genevois, a public holiday in Geneva, Switzerland, has its origins in the persecution of Protestants that took place in Lyon, France, over 400 years ago?
Juliano Verbard escaped from a French prison in a hijacked helicopter?
Papillon is a famous memoir written by Henri Charrière about his numerous escape attempts from a French penal colony in French Guiana?
The Big Blowdown, a crime novel by American author George Pelecanos, was the recipient of the International Crime Novel of the Year award in France, Germany and Japan?
Emperor Gia Long united Vietnam under the Nguyen dynasty after French missionary Pigneau de Behaine, whom he met in a forest while fleeing the Tay Son dynasty, sought French military assistance?
Captain Alexander Hood of the Royal Navy was killed in battle between his ship Mars and the French Hercule in 1798?
after Sweden entered the Thirty Years' War, Pomerania and France became her allies in the Treaty of Stettin (1630) and the Treaty of Bärwalde (1631)?
after Bernard Natan directed and acted in hardcore heterosexual and bisexual pornographic films from 1920 to 1927, by 1929 he owned the giant French movie studio Pathé and later helped develop the anamorphic film lens?
between 47,000 and 65,000 Filipinos live in France?
at the Second Battle of the Aisne in World War I, the French suffered over 187,000 casualties?
at least eleven of the twenty electors of the papal conclave, 1362 were from the Limousin province of France?
both former German Federal Minister of Labor Norbert Blüm and former Secretary of State of France Alain Vivien have been recognized with the Leipzig Human Rights Award?
despite strong support from England, all three Huguenot rebellions in southwestern France were suppressed by King Louis XIII?
during World War I, U.S. YMCA worker and preacher William Howard Hoople sailed to France to serve on the front lines as an entertainer?
despite the Allied siege, La Rochelle was the last French city to be liberated from German occupation in 1945?
at Bougon, a prehistoric burial mound in France, archeologists found the skull of a man who had undergone three trepanations during his lifetime?
although his crew were merely taking geological observations, the British Government believed Cyrille Pierre Théodore Laplace had claimed New Zealand for France?
after an engagement (pictured) initiated by HMS Cleopatra, captained by Sir Robert Laurie, the larger French frigate Ville de Milan captured her attacker, but was so badly damaged in the battle that both ships were later captured in turn by HMS Leander?
after a collision with the Scottish clipper Loch Earn, the French steamship Ville du Havre sank in only 12 minutes, with the loss of 226 lives?
after William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury (pictured) was captured by the French in the Hundred Years' War, he had to promise never to fight in France again?
after the Champagne region, the Loire Valley produces more sparkling wine than any other region in France?
after the French defeat at the Battle of Muong Khoua during the French Indochina War, the four surviving soldiers trekked 80 kilometres (50 mi) through the jungle of Laos to safety?
after the fall of Napoleon in France, some 200 Bonapartists fled to the United States and attempted to establish an agricultural settlement to grow wine grapes and olive trees in the Alabama wilderness?
after the Red Baron, French ace René Fonck had the most confirmed World War I aerial victories?
Villeurbanne and Lyon form the second-largest conurbation in France?
Valrhona, a company based in the small town of Tain l'Hermitage in the Rhône Valley in France, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of high-quality chocolate?
Jean Desbouvrie persuaded the government of France to test swallows as an alternative to carrier pigeons?
Jean-Baptiste Belley (pictured), a former slave from Saint-Domingue, became a member of the National Convention of France, where in 1794 he took part in the decision to abolish slavery?
Jacqueline Audry was the first commercially successful woman film director of post-war France?
Sir John Luttrell, an English soldier and diplomat under Henry VIII and Edward VI, was the subject of an allegorical portrait (pictured) by Hans Eworth celebrating peace with France and Scotland?
Lucques (pictured), Aglandau, Salonenque, Picholine, Olivière, Tanche, Bouteillan, Cailletier, Grossane, Germaine, Cayon and Sabine are some of about a hundred French olive cultivars?
Marc-André Raffalovich, a French poet, writer on homosexuality, and patron of the arts, had a life-long relationship with John Gray, the purported model for Oscar Wilde's Dorian Gray?
Makhir of Narbonne was a Babylonian-Jewish scholar who settled in Narbonne, France at the end of the 8th century, and his descendants were leaders of the local Jewish community who bore the title of "nasi" (prince)?
International Gothic art is so called because very similar styles existed in centres as far apart as France, Bohemia, Italy and Burgundy?
Henri Joseph Fenet, a soldier in World War II, was awarded both the Croix de Guerre by France and the Knight's Cross by Germany?
Frank Brickowski played basketball in Italy, France and Israel for three years in the early 1980s, until the New York Knicks thought he was ready for the NBA?
France Antarctique, a short-lived French colony, was not in Antarctica but in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil?
France–Asia relations span more than two millennia, and have involved numerous alliances between France and Asian countries?
Gavrinis, an island in the Gulf of Morbihan off the coast of Brittany, France, has a rich abundance of megalithic art from the New Stone Age?
Gia Long, the first Emperor of Vietnam's Nguyen Dynasty unified the country for the first time in its modern state with French military assistance from his friend and Catholic priest Pigneau de Behaine?
HMS Laura, captured by the French in 1812, became an American privateer, only to be recaptured by the British less than a year later?
Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul founded Marseilles, the oldest city of France, circa 600 BCE?
Marmoutier Abbey in France was destroyed four times between its construction in the 4th Century and the raising of a private school on its latest ruins?
Marthe Richard was a former prostitute and spy who worked to make brothels illegal in France?
Roderigue Hortalez and Company was a fictitious front organization set up by France to help American revolutionaries fight England?
Raymond Monvoisin was a French painter and Legion of Honor recipient invited by the Chilean government to establish an Academy of Painting in Santiago, and who also dabbled in mining and ranching?
Quan Thanh Temple (principal gate pictured), a Taoist temple in Hanoi, was once wrongly named as a Buddhist pagoda by the French?
Rue de l'Abbaye in Paris takes its name from an abbey where the Merovingian kings of France used to be interred?
Saint Foutin was a syncretic amalgam of the first bishop of Lyon, France and pre-Christian Gaulish phallic worship?
Shmuel Flatto-Sharon successfully ran for election to the Knesset to avoid extradition to France, where he was wanted for embezzlement?
Sausenburg Castle (pictured) in Germany was destroyed in 1678 by the army of French Marshall Creque during the Franco-Dutch War?
Przemysław I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn unsuccessfully tried to negotiate peace between England and France fighting the Hundred Years' War?
Pierre Lacau was the French Egyptologist and Director of Antiquities who oversaw the discovery of Tutankhamun (mask pictured) in the Valley of the Kings?
Monique Serf was only ten years old when she had to go into hiding during the German occupation of France in World War II?
Mirosław Iringh, a leader of Slovak Platoon 535, wore a white-blue-red armband made out of a French military decoration once bestowed upon a fellow insurrectionist by Marshal Foch?
Maurice Durand designed the lighthouses at the Île d'Yeu and the Pointe du Grouin du Cou in France to replace earlier structures that had been destroyed during World War II?
Muhtar Kent, named to assume the post of CEO of the Coca-Cola Company on July 1, 2008, is the son of a Turkish diplomat, who risked his life to save Jews in France during the Holocaust?
Nguyen Truong To was called to serve Emperor Tu Duc of Vietnam despite having earlier assisted France's colonization of southern Vietnam?
Nicolas Sarrabat, a French scientist and Jesuit, conducted experiments on the circulation of plants, argued that magnetism was caused by a fire at the Earth's centre, and discovered the largest comet ever recorded?
Nicolas-Charles Bochsa, who helped found the Royal Academy of Music in 1822, was only in London because he had fled France five years earlier to avoid prosecution for multiple counts of forgery and fraud?
"4 Mots sur un piano", which deals with the theme of a romantic relationship between two men and one woman, was the fifth best-selling single of 2007 in France?

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Encyclopedia

Updated live from Wikipedia, last check: February 07, 2012 20:32 UTC (44 seconds ago)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the country. For other uses, see France (disambiguation).

French Republic

République française (French)


Flag	National Emblem (unofficial)

Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
(Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood)

Anthem: La Marseillaise

Location of Metropolitan France (dark green)

– on the European continent (light green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (light green) — [Legend]

Territory of the French Republic in the world
(excl. Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended)

Capital
(and largest city)

Paris
48°51.4′N 2°21.05′E / 48.8567°N 2.35083°E

Official language(s)

French

Recognised regional languages

Alsatian; Basque; Breton; New Caledonian languages²; Catalan; Corsican; Creole²; Flemish; Franco-Provençal; Lorrain language; Shimaore dialect (Mayotte)²; Occitan; Oïl languages; Tahitian²^[1]

Demonym

French

Government

Unitary semi-presidential republic

- President Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP)

- Prime Minister François Fillon (UMP)

Legislature

Parliament

- Upper House Senate

- Lower House National Assembly

Formation

- French State 10 August 843 (Treaty of Verdun)

- Current constitution 5 October 1958 (5th Republic)

EU accession 25 March 1957

Area

- Total^[2] 674,843 km² (43rd)
260,558 sq mi

- Metropolitan France

- IGN^[3] 551,695 km² (47th)
213,010 sq mi

- Cadastre^[4] 543,965 km² (47th)
210,026 sq mi

Population

(1 January 2010 estimate)

- Total^[2] 65,447,374^[6] (20th)

- Metropolitan France 62,793,432^[5] (22nd)

- Density^[7] 115/km² (89th)
299/sq mi

GDP (PPP) 2009 estimate

- Total $2.112 trillion^[8] (7th)

- Per capita $33,744^[8] (23rd)

GDP (nominal) 2009 estimate

- Total $2.635 trillion^[8] (5th)

- Per capita $42,091^[8] (16th)

Gini (2002) 26.7

HDI (2007) ▲ 0.961^[9] (very high) (8th)

Currency Euro,^[10] CFP Franc^[11]
(EUR, XPF)

Time zone CET^[7] (UTC+1)

- Summer (DST) CEST^[7] (UTC+2)

Drives on the right

Internet TLD .fr^[12]

Calling code 33¹

¹ The overseas regions and collectivities form part of the French telephone numbering plan, but have their own country calling codes: Guadeloupe +590; Martinique +596; French Guiana +594, Réunion and Mayotte +262; Saint Pierre et Miquelon +508. The overseas territories are not part of the French telephone numbering plan; their country calling codes are: New Caledonia +687, French Polynesia +689; Wallis and Futuna +681

² Spoken mainly in overseas territories

Outline of France (links hundreds of topic articles about France)

.France (pronounced /ˈfræns/ (

listen) franss or /ˈfrɑːns/ frahns;

French pronunciation (help·info): [fʁɑ̃s]), officially the French Republic (French: République française, pronounced: [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a member state of the European Union located in its western region, with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents.^ Other prominent committee members included former Secretary of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger, former CIA Director Robert Gates and former Defense Secretary William Perry.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It asks the 191 other U.N. member states to notify a Security Council committee that will be created to monitor sanctions when those Iranians show up in their country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[13] France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its main ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as L’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. .It is bordered (clockwise from the north) by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain and Andorra.^ It is the official language of several countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ This usually means going abroad to a language school in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, China or Japan.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

France's overseas departments and collectivities also share land borders with Brazil and Suriname (bordering French Guiana), and the Netherlands Antilles (bordering Saint-Martin). France is linked to the United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel, which passes underneath the English Channel.

.France is the largest state in the European Union by area and the third largest in Europe behind Russia and Ukraine.^ The United States and European drafters of the resolution - Germany, France and Britain - held out hope a vote could still be called on Friday after another round of discussions with Russia and China.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It would be second if its extra-European territories like French Guiana were included.^ The second document that we would like to obtain, (i.e.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France has been a major power for many centuries with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. .During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Pacific islands.^ The Greek Language -- Jacob Lumbroso Koine Greek is part of the legacy left by Alexander the Great's imperial conquests which united Asia Minor, the north of África, and the vast territories of the Persian empire.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

.France is one of the most developed countries^[14] and possesses the fifth largest economy by nominal GDP^[15] and seventh largest economy by purchasing power parity.^ The Palestinians could have founded a flourishing, prosperous country next to one of the strongest economies in the world - Israel's.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[16] .France enjoys a high standard of living as well as a high public education level,^[17] it's one of the most globalised nations,^[18] has 2009's second best international reputation^[19] and has also one of the world's highest life expectancy,^[20] with its healthcare system rated as the best in the world.^ But one of the French capital's best attributes is that when you want to do nothing but sit back and relax, it's hard to think of a better city in the world to people watch.

Paris Guide | Paris Map, Photos and Top Things to do in Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.boo.com [Source type: General]

^ Some of the world's best museums can be found here, the list of instantly recognisable landmarks is a lengthy one, and the nightlife is electric to say the least.

Paris Guide | Paris Map, Photos and Top Things to do in Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.boo.com [Source type: General]

^ Abedi wanted the bank to reflect the supra-national Muslim credo and "the best bridge to help the world of Islam, and the best way to fight the evil influence of the Zionists."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[21] .It is the most visited country in the world, receiving 82 million foreign tourists annually.^ It is currently estimated that there are 400 million Spanish Speakers world wide which makes Spanish the third most ...

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ French Language -- Philip Nicosia The All About French- Speaking Countries Roughly around 200 million people around the world speak French.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^[22] France is one of the founding members of the European Union. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of the Francophonie, the G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO and the Latin Union. .It is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, possesses the third largest number of nuclear weapons in the world and the largest number of nuclear power plants in the European Union.^ The draft demands Tehran end all uranium enrichment work, which can produce fuel for nuclear power plants as well as for bombs, and halt research and development that could lead to atomic weapons.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It asks the 191 other U.N. member states to notify a Security Council committee that will be created to monitor sanctions when those Iranians show up in their country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The request, made on Tuesday in a letter to the Security Council, comes after Ehud Olmert, the Israeli prime minister, appeared to admit in a TV interview that Israel had nuclear weapons.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Origin of the name France

Main article: Name of France

The name "France" comes from Latin Francia, which literally means "land of the Franks," or "Frankland". There are various theories as to the origin of the name of the Franks. One is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca.^[23]

.Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient Germanic language, Frank means free as opposed to slave.^ The Changing Role Of Language Interpretation -- Allegro Interpreting involves the orally rendering the meaning of dialogue which is spoken in one language into another language while retaining its essence.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ English Language: Practice Phrasal Verbs -- ESL Free Lesson An idiom is a phrase that has a meaning different from the meanings of its parts.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

This usage still survives in the name of the national currency prior to the adoption of the euro, the franc.

.However, it is also possible that the word is derived from the ethnic name of the Franks,^[24] because as the conquering class only the Franks had the status of freemen.^ We had only asked for the names of the experts involved… Is it because no in-house technical specialists have been in fact consulted?

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In German, France is still called Frankreich, which literally means "Realm of the Franks". In order to distinguish from the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne, Modern France is called Frankreich, while the Frankish Realm is called Frankenreich.

.The word "Frank" had been loosely used from the fall of Rome to the Middle Ages, yet from Hugh Capet's coronation as "King of the Franks" ("Rex Francorum") it became usual to strictly refer to the Kingdom of Francia, which would become France.^ Being Specific When Speaking Moroccan Darija -- Andee M In English, the words 'cousin, uncle, aunt, niece and nephew' are used when referring to a family member.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

.The Capetian Kings were descended from the Robertines, who had produced two Frankish kings, and previously held the title of "Duke of the Franks" ("dux Francorum").^ Now, we are adding the statements of two witnesses who had sailed on the Gaul on her previous voyages including the last but one.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

This Frankish duchy encompassed most of modern northern France but because the royal power was sapped by regional princes the term was then applied to the royal demesne as shorthand. .It was finally the name adopted for the entire Kingdom as central power was affirmed over the entire kingdom.^ It was finally the name adopted for the entire Kingdom as central power was affirmed over the entire Kingdom.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^[25]

History

Main article: History of France

Rome to revolution

The borders of modern France are approximately the same as those of ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic Gauls. .Gaul was conquered for Rome by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC,^[26] and the Gauls eventually adopted Roman speech (Latin, from which the French language evolved) and Roman culture.^ The History of French Language -- Patrick Stump The language of French actually descended from a form of Latin called Vulgar Latin spoken by the Romans in the second and first centuries B.C. When the Romans, led by the infamous Julius Caesar, ...

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Immerse Yourself in the Greek Language and Culture -- John Davison The Greek language is over 3,500 years old, though it has evolved through the years.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Teaching The Latin Language In High School -- John Davison Latin was the language of the Roman Empire.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Christianity first appeared in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, and became so firmly established by the fourth and fifth centuries that St. Jerome wrote that Gaul was the only region “free from heresy”.

France after the Hundred Years War. Red line: Boundary of the Kingdom of France; Light blue: the directly held royal domain

In the 4th century AD, Gaul’s eastern frontier along the Rhine was overrun by Germanic tribes, principally the Franks, from whom the ancient name of “Francie” was derived. The modern name “France” derives from the name of the feudal domain of the Capetian Kings of France around Paris. .The Franks were the first tribe among the Germanic conquerors of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire to convert to Catholic Christianity rather than Arianism (their King Clovis did so in 498); thus France obtained the title “Eldest daughter of the Church” (La fille ainée de l’Église), and the French would adopt this as justification for calling themselves “the Most Christian Kingdom of France”.^ They would rather lose a car sale than lose a 50 cent Nausau.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Re: The Spanish of Argentina: el Castellano del Ro de la Plata -- Paolo Gudino Hi, I would like to know more about it.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Paris , France Cite de la Musique .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

Existence as a separate entity began with the Treaty of Verdun (843), with the division of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire into East Francia, Middle Francia and Western Francia. .Western Francia approximated the area occupied by modern France and was the precursor to modern France.^ Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The name France originates from the Franks (Francs), a Germanic tribe that occupied northern Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire .

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The EEZ of France covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of the Earth.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Les Grandes Misères de la guerre (The Hanging) depict the destruction unleashed on civilians during the Thirty Years' War.

The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of France. .His descendants, the Direct Capetians, the House of Valois and the House of Bourbon, progressively unified the country through a series of wars and dynastic inheritance.^ Even so, crew recounted serious flooding incidents as a direct result of water coming through the aft duff chute.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The Albigensian Crusade was launched in 1209 to eliminate the heretical Cathars of Occitania (the south of modern-day France). In the end, both the Cathars and the independence of southern France were exterminated.^[27]

In 1066, the Duke of Normandy became King of England, and separated Normandy from France and marked it as English territory. He then increased that territory to cover over half of what France is today, being the North, Centre and West of France. The height of this was around the reign of Henry II in the 1170s. However, after then, territories continued to change but since the Wars of the Roses held England weak, France won back that territory and the last territory England held in France was Calais, but after Henry VIII this was lost to the Spanish Netherlands.

Charles IV (The Fair) died without heir in 1328.^[28] Under the rule adopted in 1316, the crown of France could not pass to a woman, nor could the line of kinfship pass through the female line.^[29] This became known as the Salic Law.^[30] .Accordingly, the crown passed to cousin of Charles, Philip of Valois, rather than passing though the female line to Charles' nephew, Edward, who would soon become Edward III of England.^ They would rather lose a car sale than lose a 50 cent Nausau.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Hosny, who has led thousands of Israelis through the country since 1989, argues that terrorist attacks are the exception rather than the rule.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ They also believed that an ugly woman who reached paradise after having carried out a terrorist attack, would become beautiful.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[31] Under the reign of Phillip Valois who was then Philip IV, the French monarchy reached the height of its medieval power.^[32] .However, Philip's seat on the throne was contested by Edward III of England and in 1337, on the eve of the first wave of the Black Death,^[33] England and France went to war in what would become known as the Hundred Years' War.^ In his first public comments on the crisis in Gaza, Olmert he hopes a cease-fire between the warring Palestinian factions would stick.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In their 30 year-long search for truth, the relatives of the trawlermen who lost their lives on the Gaul had to compete against a number of adversaries whose interests would not have been best served if the reasons for the tragedy had become known.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ However, if one of the assassination attempts, which have been rampant in recent days, ends with the killing of a leader, Abbas or Haniyeh, it would indeed become an all-out war.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[34]

In the most notorious incident during the French Wars of Religion (1562–98), thousands of Huguenots were murdered in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572.^[35]

The monarchy reached its height during the 17th century and the reign of Louis XIV. At this time France possessed the largest population in Europe (see Demographics of France) and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became, and remained until the 20th century, the common language of diplomacy in international affairs. Much of the Enlightenment occurred in French intellectual circles, and major scientific breakthroughs were achieved by French scientists in the 18th century. In addition, .France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia.^ It is especially valuable because it attempts to provide guidance to Francophone literature outside of France: Europe, North America, South America, Latin America, Near East and Africa.

BU Libraries | Research Guides | French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.bu.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonized much of North America; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Pacific islands.

http://getglue.com/topics/p/france 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC getglue.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For France, which had a vast colonial empire across Africa and retains tight - and at times, controversial - ties to many countries there, the debate over genocide has particular resonance.

News from The Associated Press 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC hosted.ap.org [Source type: News]
News from The Associated Press 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC hosted.ap.org [Source type: News]

Monarchy to Republic

Geography

Satellite image of France

Main article: Geography of France

.While Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe, France also has a number of territories in North America, the Caribbean, South America, the southern Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica.^ Does anyone remember Ocean Club, which was located across the street from Metcalf South in the Windmill Plaza?

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[40] .These territories have varying forms of government ranging from overseas department to overseas collectivity.^ These are the principles that we wanted to form a national unity government accordingly, the main principle and basic objective of this government is to end the siege.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Our government should be able to recognize these factors and strike a fair balance between ethics and their various financial priorities.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Metropolitan France covers 547,030 square kilometres (211,209 sq mi),^[41] having the largest area among European Union members and slightly larger than Spain.^ Bangla is the 3rd largest language in the world, just larger than Spanish, and is spoken in the Bengal area of India as well.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the Alps in the south-east, the Massif Central in the south-central and Pyrenees in the south-west. At 4,807 metres (15,771 ft) above sea-level, the highest point in Europe, Mont Blanc, is situated in the Alps on the border between France and Italy.^[42] Metropolitan France also has extensive river systems such as the Loire, the Garonne, the Seine and the Rhône, which divides the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the Camargue, the lowest point in France (2 m/6.56 ft below sea level).^[42] .Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast.^ Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Monaco is an independent enclave on the south coast, while the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean is treated as an integral part of the country.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

The Exclusive Economic Zone of France extends over 11,000,000 km² (4,000,000 sq mi) of ocean across the world.^[43]

France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories (excluding Adélie Land), is 674,843 km² (260,558 sq mi), 0.45% of the total land area on Earth. .However, France possesses the second-largest Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,637 sq mi), approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, just behind the United States (11,351,000 km²/4,382,646 sq mi) and ahead of Australia (8,232,000 km²/3,178,393 sq mi).^ However, it must be recalled that another voice is being heard in the United States - that of the Baker-Hamilton Iraq Study Group, which recommends opening contacts with Syria.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Overland Park is one of the nicer and larger suburbs of Kansas City, and in fact the second largest city in Kansas with a population around 170,000.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Oh, they didn't mean "all" 4-letter words, just a select few but those were a real no-no in my house.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^[44]

Metropolitan France is situated between 41° and 51° North, on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern temperate zone. The north and northwest have a temperate climate, while a combination of maritime influences, latitude and altitude produce a varied climate in the rest of Metropolitan France.^[45] In the south-east a Mediterranean climate prevails. In the west, the climate is predominantly oceanic with a high level of rainfall, mild winters and cool to warm summers. Inland the climate becomes more continental with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. The climate of the Alps and other mountainous regions is mainly alpine, with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snow cover lasting for up to six months.

Cities

Metropolitan French cities with over 100,000 inhabitants

.The largest cities in France, in terms of metropolitan area population, are Paris (11,769,433), Lyon (1,748,271), Marseille (1,605,000), Lille (1,164,716), Nice (1,197,751), Toulouse (1,102,882), Bordeaux (999,149) and Nantes (804,000).^ Overland Park is one of the nicer and larger suburbs of Kansas City, and in fact the second largest city in Kansas with a population around 170,000.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Government

Main articles: Government of France, Constitution of France, and Politics of France

Logo of the French Republic

The French Republic is a unitary semi-presidential republic with strong democratic traditions. The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by referendum on 28 September 1958. It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to parliament. .The executive branch itself has two leaders: the President of the Republic, currently Nicolas Sarkozy, who is head of state and is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term (formerly 7 years), and the Government, led by the president-appointed Prime Minister, currently François Fillon.^ Just like Jim Fitzpatrick, the other Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Transport, appointed in June 2007, who was once a junior minister at the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Labels: DfT , Geoff Hoon , Gordon Brown , government , jim fitzpatrick , john prescott , New Labour , rosie winterton , ruth kelly .

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The expected Abbas-Olmert meeting would be the first formal talks between the two leaders since Olmert took over as prime minister in January.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Nor does he seem eager to open a rift with Israel by dragging its government to an international conference, the way his father did with Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir in 1991.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The French parliament is a bicameral legislature comprising a National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) and a Senate. .The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.^ The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Deputies to the 577-seat National Assembly are elected for five-year terms from single-member districts.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Under the constitution, the president is elected directly for a 5-year (originally 7-year) term.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The Assembly has the power to dismiss the cabinet, and thus the majority in the Assembly determines the choice of government.^ The Assembly has the power to dismiss the cabinet, and thus the majority in the Assembly determines the choice of government.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Grabbing one third of the cabinet is tantamount to hold the power to prevent the government from convening, if it wanted.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 6-year terms (originally 9-year terms), and one half of the seats are submitted to election every 3 years starting in September 2008.^[46]

.The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say, except for constitutional laws and lois organiques (laws that are directly provided for by the constitution) in some cases.^ The Iranian envoy said that relations between Damascus and Tehran were "excellent and strategic," although he stressed the two nations had not entered an official a pact.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ When the political power applies the rules discriminately and self-interestedly, the tacit pact between society and the state - which, in the end, gives the law its legitimacy - is broken.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament.^ The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.French politics are characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, centred around the French Socialist Party, and the other right-wing, centred previously around the Rassemblement pour la République (RPR) and now its successor the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).^ Islamic Jihad announced over mosque loudspeakers around the northern West Bank that the two men were members of the group.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "Donnez une partie de votre temps avec votre mari pour la Da'wah."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Right-wing groups like the ZOA argue that Jewish money should not be spent on programming that provides fodder for Israel's most virulent critics.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The executive branch is currently composed mostly of the UMP.

Conventions and notations

France is the home of the International System of Units (the metric system). .Some pre-metric units are still used, essentially the livre (a unit of weight equal to half a kilogram) and the quintal (a unit of weight equal to 100 kilograms).
In mathematics, France uses the infix notation like most countries.
^ Anna Barlow I studied German for four years in high school and still remember some simple phrases and regularly use them with my friends for fun.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
For large numbers the long scale is used. .Thus, the French use the word billion for the number 1,000,000,000,000, which in countries using short scale is called a trillion.
^ During Christmas time, people used to have to park on neighboring streets and across 95th Street (in what was called the French Market – now Kmart).
Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.However, there exists a French word, milliard, for the number 1,000,000,000, which in countries using the short scale is called a billion.
^ During Christmas time, people used to have to park on neighboring streets and across 95th Street (in what was called the French Market – now Kmart).
Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Thus, despite the use of the long scale, one billion is called un milliard (“one milliard”) in French, and not mille millions (“one thousand million”).
^ Just to let you know, 'un milione di baci' correctly translates to 'one million kisses'...
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
.It should also be noted that names of numbers above the milliard are rarely used.
^ The French counting system is partially vigesimal: twenty ( vingt ) is used as a base number in the names of numbers from 60-99.
French language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC pustakalaya.olenepal.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He improved Nicolas Chuquet's long scale system by adding names for intermediate numbers (milliards instead of thousand million, etc...
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Days of the Week in Moroccan Arabic -- Andee M The names used for the days of the week, in Moroccan Arabic, and the numbers used for counting in both Standard Arabic and Moroccan Arabic are similar.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
.Thus, one trillion will most often be called mille milliards (“one thousand milliard”) in French, and rarely un billion.
In the French numeral notation, the comma (,) is the Decimal separator, whereas the dot (.) is used between each group of three digits especially for big numbers.
^ French Numbers are Easy to Learn -- Ling Tong When you start learning French numbers, once you know the numbers from one to sixteen you only have to learn a few more to be able to count to one hundred.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In fact, the Guinness Book of World Records has listed the German language as one of the three languages that are learned the most by people.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Learning Spanish A useful and colourful language for anyone to learn -- John Gibb One of the worlds most used languages, spoken by approximately 400 thousand people worldwide, Spanish is very popular for people wanting to learn a second language.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
.A space can also be used to separate each group of three digits especially for small numbers.
^ Many of us are used to speaking loudly, especially when we get into groups.
My Paris - David Lebovitz 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.davidlebovitz.com [Source type: General]
^ However, the Dorling Kindersley Eyewitness Paris is more useful, especially for a photographer, because the book contains a small snapshot of each site.
A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]
.Thus three thousand five hundred and ten may be written as 3 510 whereas fifteen million five hundred thousand and thirty-two may be written as 15.500.032. In finance, the currency symbol is used as a decimal separator or put after the number.
^ ISRAEL HOLDS $500 MILLION Israel is holding about $500 million in Palestinian tax revenues, an Israeli Finance Ministry official said.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
For example, €25,048.05 is written either 25 048€05 or 25 048,05 € (always with an extra space between the figure and the currency symbol).
In computing, a bit is called a bit yet a byte is called an octet^{[citation needed]} (from the Latin root octo, meaning “8”). .SI prefixes are used.
24-hour clock time is used, with h being the separator between hours and minutes (for example 2:30 p.m.
^ A previous truce between the ruling Hamas faction and once-dominant Fatah, signed Sunday, broke down within 24 hours.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
is 14h30).
The all-numeric form for dates is in the order day-month-year, using a slash as the separator (example: 31/12/1992 or 31/12/92).

Law

Main article: Law of France

The basic principles that the French Republic must respect are found in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

.France uses a civil legal system; that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judge interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to case law).^ As Lenin and his associates used to dismiss the law as bourgeois sham, the New Labour regime shows a similar contempt for legality, though not so much for ideological reasons, as out of recklessness and a lack of ethical commitment.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ No law and no order Even now the Palestinian Authority is falling apart, the government is not functioning and civil systems are on the verge of collapse.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Basic principles of the rule of law were laid in the Napoleonic Code. .In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society.^ Palestinian citizens and establishing the principle of one authority, one weapon and one law.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

As Guy Canivet, first president of the Court of Cassation, wrote about the management of prisons:

Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality.

.That is, Law should lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy.^ And, as though things were not bad enough as they were, it now turns out that the government has decided that some of these inconvenient questions should not even arise.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The only solution to the Middle East conflict, they said, is to "wipe out Zionism, and accept the burden of exile [from the Land of Israel] as the will of God, Blessed be He."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Churkin told reporters he approved of a ban on enrichment, reprocessing and heavy-water nuclear reactors but that "other activities should not be in any way prohibited or restricted."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

French law is divided into two principal areas: private law and public law. Private law includes, in particular, civil law and criminal law. Public law includes, in particular, administrative law and constitutional law. However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law, criminal law and administrative law.

France does not recognise religious law, nor does it recognise religious beliefs or morality as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions. As a consequence, France has long had neither blasphemy laws nor sodomy laws (the latter being abolished in 1791). .However “offences against public decency” (contraires aux bonnes mœurs) or disturbing public order (trouble à l'ordre public) have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution.^ More outrageous, however, is that, in order to put a lid on the leaks, the Blair government decided to use, not only the state’s repressive machine, but also foreign bodies .

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Criminal laws can only address the future and not the past (criminal ex post facto laws are prohibited) ; and to be applicable, laws must be officially published in the Journal Officiel de la République Française.^ What is really bizarre…..I am reading these posts (with only first names mentioned), and I know who these people are…people from my past!

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The women feel a need to prove themselves, to achieve some kind of recognition, and use feminism and nationalism to justify the actions ex post facto.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of France

France is a founding member of the EC in 1957, and the European Union in 1993 (Signing of the Maastricht Treaty).

.France is a member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council with veto rights.^ The United Nations Security Council is set to vote Friday on a sanctions resolution against Iran, which has been revised in response to Russian objections.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It asks the 191 other U.N. member states to notify a Security Council committee that will be created to monitor sanctions when those Iranians show up in their country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Bush anticipated the Baker-Hamilton recommendations and instructed the Pentagon and the National Security Council to conduct their own reviews of Iraq policy and develop independent recommendations.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

It is also a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and the Indian Ocean Commission (COI). .It is an associate member of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) and a leading member of the International Francophone Organisation (OIF) of fifty-one fully or partly French-speaking countries.^ It asks the 191 other U.N. member states to notify a Security Council committee that will be created to monitor sanctions when those Iranians show up in their country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ November 2006 Torremolinos Convention Sandra Gidley : To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what plans he has to ratify the International Marine Organisation’s Torremolinos Convention.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

It hosts the headquarters of the OECD, UNESCO, Interpol, Alliance Base and the International Bureau for Weights and Measures. .In 1953 France received a request from the United Nations to pick a coat of arms that would represent it internationally.^ The United Nations Security Council will approve a resolution condemning Iran's bid for nuclear arms, the source said, and will create a mechanism to impose sanctions on Tehran.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Thus the French emblem was adopted and is currently used on passports.

.French foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the European Union, of which it was a founding member.^ Yediot Aharonot, in its second editorial, analyzes the European Union's expansion policies.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In the 1960s, France sought to exclude the British from the organisation, seeking to build its own standing in continental Europe. Since the 1990s, France has developed close ties with reunified Germany to become the most influential driving force of the EU, but consequently rivaling the UK and limiting the influence of newly inducted East European nations.

.France is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, but under President de Gaulle, it excluded itself from the joint military command to avoid the supposed domination of its foreign and security policies by US political and military influence.^ The Iraqi government needs to declare a state of emergency, overcome all internal political disputes and accelerate the training and expansion of the Iraqi military and security forces.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The entanglement in Iraq, Iran's extremism and intransigence, and the results of the Israeli-Hezbollah war all prove obstacles for US foreign policy towards the Middle East.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Heisbourg, chairman of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London and president of the Geneva Center for Security Policy, said the IPIS is a touchstone in Iran for foreign researchers.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In the early 1990s, the country drew considerable criticism from other nations for its underground nuclear tests in French Polynesia. .France vigorously opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq, straining bilateral relations with the US and the UK. France retains strong political and economic influence in its former African colonies (Françafrique) and has supplied economic aid and troops for peace-keeping missions in the Ivory Coast and Chad.^ The linking of substantial progress in Arab-Israeli relations to the salvage of Iraq also suffers from incompatibility of political clocks.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Military

Main article: Military of France

Transport

Main articles: Transport in France and Rail transport in France

A TGV Sud-Est.

The railway network of France, which stretches 31,840 kilometres (19,784 mi) is the most extensive in Western Europe. It is operated by the SNCF, and high-speed trains include the Thalys, the Eurostar and TGV, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph) in commercial use. The Eurostar, along with the Eurotunnel Shuttle, connects with the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel. .Rail connections exist to all other neighbouring countries in Europe, except Andorra.^ It is the language spoken in all of the Arab countries and since many of these countries are open to visitors from other parts of the ...

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services and tramway services complementing bus services.

There are approximately 893,300 kilometres (555,071 mi) of serviceable roadway in France. .The Paris region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country.^ Now that luck part comes in (well not all lucky, most smart early raiders try to stay away from Gauls.

Offensive Gaul Guide (Speed) - Travian.com :: Forum 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC forum.travian.com [Source type: General]

^ It's about a 10 or 15 minute Metro ride to most of the sites in the central part of Paris from the nearby Metro stop.

Paris Hostels - Hostel Reviews 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.hostelz.com [Source type: General]

^ I found France to be a beautiful country, and enjoyed both Paris and the historic ares in the southern part of the country.

France - one of the worst holiday destinations! 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.worstholiday.com [Source type: Original source]

.French roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighboring Belgium, Spain, Andorra, Monaco, Switzerland, Germany and Italy.^ Metropolitan France, nicknamed l'Hexagone for its hexagonal shape, shares international borders with Monaco , Andorra , Spain , Italy , Switzerland , Germany , Luxembourg and Belgium .

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Many very good toll roads lead out of and into the country, with good connections to Luxembourg, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Germany, Monaco and Switzerland.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is the official language of several countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

.There is no annual registration fee or road tax; however, motorway usage is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes.^ There is no guarantee however.

Paris Museums, France Tours, City Metro Pass, Sightseeing, Louvre, Orsay 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.museumpass.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There are, however, reports of thieves breaking into hotel rooms on lower floors through open windows while the occupants are sleeping.

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This will create a situation in which there will be no acceptable Palestinian leader who can represent the Palestinian Authority vis-a-vis the international community on the diplomatic front.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Renault (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), Peugeot (20.1%) and Citroën (13.5%).^ The Pitch printed an article about the case in 2003 here: http://www.pitch.com/2003-11-20/news/love-never-dies/ .

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[49] .Over 70% of new cars sold in 2004 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines.^ Io, Saturnalia For more than a year we’ve tried to bring repairs to the flaws of the 2004 Gaul Investigation.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ How to Start Learning a New Language -- Frank Middleton It is easier to start to learn a new language than to become good at it, and almost certainly is more fun.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Learn The Korean Language -- John Davison The Korean language is spoken by more than 70 million people, primarily in North and South Korea.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^[50] France possesses the world's tallest road bridge: the Millau Viaduct, and has built many important bridges such as the Pont de Normandie.

There are approximately 478 airports in France, including landing fields. .Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport located in the vicinity of Paris is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic of the country and connecting Paris with virtually all major cities across the world.^ More than 233,000 candidates ran for more than 113,000 council seats in cities, towns and villages across the vast nation on Friday.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Located in Overland Park , one of the largest suburbs of Kansas City, Metcalf South Shopping Center opened in 1967 to immediate fanfare.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The local councils handle community matters in cities and town across the country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Air France is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services. There are ten major ports in France, the largest of which is in Marseille, which also is the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea. 14,932 kilometres (9,278 mi) of waterways traverse France including the Canal du Midi which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean through the Garonne river.

Administrative divisions

Main articles: Administrative divisions of France, Regions of France, and Departments of France

The 22 regions and 96 departments of metropolitan France includes Corsica (Corse, lower right). Paris area is expanded (inset at left)

The lands making up the French Republic, shown at the same geographic scale.

France is divided into 26 administrative regions. 22 are in metropolitan France (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the territorial collectivity of Corsica), and four are overseas regions. The regions are further subdivided into 100 departments which are numbered (mainly alphabetically). .This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others.^ As the same combination of materials, mild steel and brass, had been used in a number of other structures on the Gaul (e.g.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The arrondissements of Paris is easily identified in postal codes, which begins with the département number 75.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

The 100 departments are subdivided into 341 arrondissements which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,032 cantons. These cantons are then divided into 36,680 communes, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. There also exist 2,588 intercommunal entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,680 communes (i.e. 91.1% of all the communes). Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are also subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements.

.The regions, departments and communes are all known as territorial collectivities, meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive.^ Oh, they didn't mean "all" 4-letter words, just a select few but those were a real no-no in my house.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions. However, this was not always the case. Until 1940, the arrondissements were also territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the Vichy regime and definitely abolished by the Fourth Republic in 1946. Historically, the cantons were also territorial collectivities with their elected assemblies.

Metropolitan regions and departments

Region	Departments
Alsace	Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin
Aquitaine	Dordogne, Gironde, Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Auvergne	Allier, Cantal, Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme
Basse-Normandie	Calvados, Manche, Orne
Bourgogne	Côte-d'Or, Nièvre, Saône-et-Loire, Yonne
Bretagne	Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, Morbihan
Centre	Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loiret, Loir-et-Cher
Champagne-Ardenne	Ardennes, Aube, Haute-Marne, Marne
Corsica (Corse)	Corse-du-Sud, Haute-Corse
Franche-Comté	Doubs, Haute-Saône, Jura, Territoire de Belfort
Haute-Normandie	Eure, Seine-Maritime
Île-de-France	Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Paris, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise, Yvelines
Languedoc-Roussillon	Aude, Gard, Hérault, Lozère, Pyrénées-Orientales
Limousin	Corrèze, Creuse, Haute-Vienne
Lorraine	Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Moselle, Vosges
Midi-Pyrénées	Ariège, Aveyron, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées, Lot, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne
Nord-Pas-de-Calais	Nord, Pas-de-Calais
Pays de la Loire	Loire-Atlantique, Maine-et-Loire, Mayenne, Sarthe, Vendée
Picardie	Aisne, Oise, Somme
Poitou-Charentes	Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres, Vienne
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur	Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes-Maritimes, Bouches-du-Rhône, Hautes-Alpes, Var, Vaucluse
Rhône-Alpes	Ain, Ardèche, Drôme, Haute-Savoie, Isère, Loire, Rhône, Savoie

Overseas regions/departments, collectivities, and territories

Main article: Overseas departments and territories of France

.Among the 100 departments of France, four (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion) are in overseas regions (ROMs) that are also simultaneously overseas departments (DOMs) and are an integral part of France (and the European Union) and thus enjoy a status similar to metropolitan departments.^ Some believe that Iran goes beyond this dream by betting on filling a relatively larger part of the vacuum left by the Soviet Union in the region after its collapse and disintegration.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For its part, "Echoes of France" is fiercely anti-French.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In addition to the 26 regions and 100 departments, the French Republic also has six overseas collectivities (French Polynesia, Mayotte, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and Wallis and Futuna), one sui generis collectivity (New Caledonia), one overseas territory (French Southern and Antarctic Lands), and one island possession in the Pacific Ocean (Clipperton Island).^ Earlier Thursday, another three rockets were fired at Israel , one of them landing on Palestinian soil and the other on Israeli territory.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The Fun of Learning the Hawaiian Language -- John Davison The Hawaiian language is an Austronesian (or Polynesian) language that is the ancestral tongue of the Hawaiian Islands, which lie in the Pacific Ocean.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

.Overseas collectivities and territories form part of the French Republic, but do not form part of the European Union or its fiscal area.^ France also has a number of overseas departments, territories, and countries which, legally, are part of the French Republic.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French territories (also called collectivities) include Polynésie française, Mayotte, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis-et-Futuna, Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy.

French VII Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: General]

^ The four overseas regions of France ( Guadeloupe , Martinique , French Guiana , Réunion ) are islands in the Caribbean (Guadeloupe and Martinique), part of Latin America (French Guiana), and an island in the Indian Ocean (Réunion).

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The Pacific Collectivities (COMs) of French Polynesia, Wallis and Fortuna, and New Caledonia continue to use the Pacific franc whose value is linked to that of the euro.^ Continued (Permanent Link) posted by News Service at 12:50 PM .

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Continued (Permanent Link) posted by News Service at 10:45 PM .

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Continued (Permanent Link) posted by News Service at 5:58 PM .

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In contrast, the four overseas regions used the French franc and now use the euro.^ French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) overseas departments: French, Creole patois .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Now become famous outside of France, as well (whereas they used to be mostly known inside of France) are Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Albert Camus.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France joined 11 other EU members to launch the Euro on January 1, 1999, with euro coins and banknotes completely replacing the French franc in early 2002.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

Economy

Main articles: Economy of France and Energy in France

Further information: List of French companies and Economic history of France

The first completed Airbus A380 at the “A380 Reveal” event in Toulouse on 18 January 2005. Airbus is a symbol of the globalisation of the French and European economy

A member of the G8 group of leading industrialised countries, it is ranked as the fifth largest economy by nominal GDP.^[51] France joined 11 other EU members to launch the euro on 1 January 1999, with euro coins and banknotes completely replacing the French franc (₣) in early 2002.

France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered)^[52]^[53] with substantial (though declining^[54]) state enterprise and government intervention (see dirigisme). The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, nuclear power and telecommunications.^[54] It has been gradually relaxing its control over these sectors since the early 1990s.^[54] .The government is slowly corporatizing the state sector and selling off holdings in France Télécom, Air France, as well as the insurance, banking, and defence industries.^ In turn, a State Department official told Pajamas Media, "We are strongly supporting the Iraqi efforts to work with the Egyptians to get this off the air."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[54] France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium Airbus, and has its own national spaceport, the Centre Spatial Guyanais.

France relies heavily on nuclear power (Golfech reactor).

According to the WTO, in 2009 France was the world's sixth-largest exporter and the fifth-largest importer of manufactured goods.^[55] .In 2008, France was the third-largest recipient of foreign direct investment among OECD countries at $117.9 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located in that country) and the United States ($316.1 billion), but above the United Kingdom ($96.9 billion), Germany ($24.9 billion), or Japan ($24.4 billion).^ It receives more than $1 billion a year in U.S. foreign aid, more than any other country on Earth except Israel.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The United States and European drafters of the resolution - Germany, France and Britain - held out hope a vote could still be called on Friday after another round of discussions with Russia and China.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ By contrast, the United States pushed for very tough sanctions, with Britain and France taking a slightly softer view.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[56]^[57] .In the same year, French companies invested $220 billion outside of France, ranking France as the second most important outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($311.8 billion), and ahead of the United Kingdom ($111.4 billion), Japan ($128 billion) and Germany ($156.5 billion).^ The United States and European drafters of the resolution - Germany, France and Britain - held out hope a vote could still be called on Friday after another round of discussions with Russia and China.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This usually means going abroad to a language school in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, China or Japan.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Clint Tustison Spanish is one of the most studied second languages in the United States.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^[56]^[57]

.France is the smallest emitter of carbon dioxide among the seven most industrialized countries in the world, due to its heavy investment in nuclear power.^ What would he do before some of the oppressive powers of the world who are in fact residing in Christian countries?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[58] .As a result of large investments in nuclear technology, most of the electricity produced in the country is generated by 59 nuclear power plants (78% in 2006,^[59] up from only 8% in 1973, 24% in 1980, and 75% in 1990).^ The draft demands Tehran end all uranium enrichment work, which can produce fuel for nuclear power plants as well as for bombs, and halt research and development that could lead to atomic weapons.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The latest draft, if approved, would order all countries to ban the supply of specified materials and technology that could contribute to Iran's nuclear and missile programs.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Iran says its nuclear program will only be used for peaceful aims, such as electricity generation, and not to make bombs as United States and its European allies fear.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In this context, renewable energies (see the power cooperative Enercoop) are having difficulties taking off the ground.

.Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe.^ France is the largest agricultural producer in Europe.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Middle Ages ( in origins of agriculture: France ) farm buildings and expenditures ( in farm building (agriculture): Large stock farms ) métayage system ( in métayage (land ownership) ) Roquefort cheese production ( in Roquefort (cheese) ) truffle production ( in truffle (fungus) ) viticulture ( in wine: France ) wine production .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ France's leading industries produce machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metals, aircraft, electronics equipment, textiles, and foods (especially cheeses).

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[60] Wheat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as an internationally recognized foodstuff and wine industry are primary French agricultural exports. EU agriculture subsidies to France have decreased for the last years, but still amounted to $8 billion in 2007.^[61]

.Since the end of the Second World War the government made efforts to integrate more and more with Germany, both economically and politically.^ What is more, the prospect of litigation can make both governments and private employers much more careful when dealing with human lives.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Syria, the officer said, has since the war ended, transferred truckloads of weapons and missiles to Hizbullah.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The sources said the halt reflected deteriorating relations between the two countries since the end of the war in Lebanon in August 2006.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Today the two countries form what is often referred to as the “core” countries in favour of greater integration of the European Union.

Labour market

La Défense, just outside Paris, is the largest business district in Europe.

The French GDP per capita is similar the GDP per capita of other comparable European countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom.^[62] GDP per capita is determined by (i) productivity per hour worked, which in France is the highest of the G8 countries in 2005, according to the OECD,^[63] (ii) the number of hours worked, which is one the lowest of developed countries,^[64] and (iii) the employment rate. .France has one of the lowest 15–64 years employment rates of the OECD countries: in 2004, only 69% of the French population aged 15–64 years were in employment, compared to 80% in Japan, 79% in the UK, 77% in the US, and 71% in Germany.^ French Numbers are Easy to Learn -- Ling Tong When you start learning French numbers, once you know the numbers from one to sixteen you only have to learn a few more to be able to count to one hundred.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ (To appreciate the depth of Carter's cynicism, one need only compare his gushing encomia to the emirates with his likening of Israel, the most modern and democratic country in the entire Middle East, with the racist 'apartheid' of South Africa.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ According to Mr Gold’s recollection, Mr Saloman’s expert opinion was that no action for compensation could be brought after the expiration of 15 years from the date of the victims’ death, no matter if the cause of the tragedy was only ‘discovered’ in 2004.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[65]

.This gap is due to the very low employment rates at both age extremes: the employment rate of people aged 55–64 was 38,3% in 2007, compared to 46,6% in the EU15;^[66] for the 15–24 years old, the employment rate was 31,5% in 2007, compared to 37,2% in EU25.^ That same year, Bush's popularity and approval rating slipped below 35% and was relatively low even among Republicans.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[67] .These low employment rates are explained by the high minimum wages which prevent low productivity workers – such as young people – from easily entering the labour market,^[68] ineffective university curricula that fail to prepare students adequately for the labour market,^[69] and, concerning the older workers, restrictive legislation on work and incentives for premature retirement.^ When he started to work with young people during the early 1990s, anti-Semitism wasn't a problem, Wagenknecht explains.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Maybe not have working stores but like a museum with products and styles and such that were from those times.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[70]^[71]

The unemployment rate decreased from 9% in 2006 to 7% in 2008 but remains one of the highest in Europe.^[72]^[73] In June 2009, the unemployment rate for France was 9.4%.^[74] .Shorter working hours and the reluctance to reform the labour market are mentioned as weak spots of the French economy in the view of the right, when the left mentions the lack of government policies fostering social justice.^ A press release entitled " Perversion of justice, corruption, fraud and the lack of accountability of the British government " has been published on a couple of independent media websites.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Liberal economists have stressed repeatedly over the years that the main issue of the French economy is an issue of structural reforms, in order to increase the size of the working population in the overall population, reduce the taxes' level and the administrative burden. .Keynesian economists have different answers to the unemployment issue, and their theories led to the 35-hour workweek law in the early 2000s, which turned out to be failure in reducing unemployment.^ If it turns out that the law does not meet with international norms, we will bring it up before the Israeli authorities."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Afterwards, between 2004 and 2008, the Government made some supply-oriented reforms to combat unemployment but met with fierce resistance, especially with the contrat nouvelle embauche and the contrat première embauche which both were eventually repealed.^ Could some occlusion of the communication lines between those involved in the 2004 investigation be the explanation for that?

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ We wish to emphasize that the parallel we are drawing here is between the 1987 Derbyshire FI and the 2004 Gaul RFI. The Derbyshire investigation was eventually re-opened in April 2000.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The current Government is experiencing the Revenu de solidarité active.^ These commitments fall short of the government's annual budget, most of which comes from tax revenues currently frozen by Israel.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in France

The Palace of Versailles is one of the most popular tourist destinations in France.

With 81.9 million foreign tourists in 2007,^[22] France is ranked as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of Spain (58.5 million in 2006) and the United States (51.1 million in 2006). .This 81.9 million figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours in France, such as Northern Europeans crossing France on their way to Spain or Italy during the summer.^ I keep hearing about people who debate this question, and was a witness to more than one such occasion.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France features cities of high cultural interest (Paris being the foremost), beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (green tourism). France also attracts many religious pilgrims to Lourdes, a town in the Hautes-Pyrénées département, that hosts a few million visitors a year.

.Popular tourist sites include: (according to a 2003 ranking^[75] visitors per year): Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Louvre Museum (5.7 million), Palace of Versailles (2.8 million), Musée d'Orsay (2.1 million), Arc de Triomphe (1.2 million), Centre Pompidou (1.2 million), Mont-Saint-Michel (1 million), Château de Chambord (711,000), Sainte-Chapelle (683,000), Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg (549,000), Puy de Dôme (500,000), Musée Picasso (441,000), Carcassonne (362,000).^ Following are excerpts: Section 7, titled "Gratitude," includes the following: "According to the Prophet's sayings, most of the people in Hell are women, because [women] are ungrateful and deny good [deeds] that are done for them..."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ (Eiffel Tower/Musée D'Orsay) .

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

Demography

Main articles: Demography of France, Languages of France, and French people

Population density in the French Republic at the 1999 census.

.With an estimated population of 65.4 million people (as of 1 Jan.^ Arab nationalism has, on the contrary, less appeal as the Arab population is merely an estimated 300 million the world over and of them, some five per cent follow the Christian faith.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

2010),^[6] France is the 20th most populous country in the world. In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all natural population growth in the European Union. .In 2004, population growth was 0.68% and then in 2005 birth and fertility rates continued to increase.^ Population growth rate : .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Until the end of World War II the population increase in France was perhaps the lowest in Europe, but in postwar decades the rate has increased.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The natural increase of births over deaths rose to 299,800 in 2006. The total fertility rate rose to 2.02 in 2008,^[6] from 1.88 in 2002.^[76]

France's legacy: a map of the Francophone world native language administrative language secondary or non-official language francophone minorities

.In 2004, a total of 140,033 people immigrated to France.^ France: People ) age distribution ( in age distribution (demography) ) Basques ( in Basque (people) ) emigration to Canada ( in Canada: Principal ethnic groups ) immigration ( in Europe: Migration ) religion .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

Of them, 90,250 were from Africa and 13,710 from Europe.^[77] In 2005, immigration level fell slightly to 135,890.^[78]

It is illegal for the French state to collect data on ethnicity and race, a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958.^[79] Nonetheless, France is an ethnically diverse nation with about six million North Africans and an estimated 2.5 million blacks.^[80]^[81] It is currently estimated that 40% of the French population descends at least partially from the different waves of immigration the country has received.^[82] .According to the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, it has an estimated 4.9 million foreign-born immigrants, of which 2 million have acquired French citizenship.^ Arab nationalism has, on the contrary, less appeal as the Arab population is merely an estimated 300 million the world over and of them, some five per cent follow the Christian faith.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[83] France is the leading asylum destination in Western Europe with an estimated 50,000 applications in 2005 (a 15% decrease from 2004).^[84] The European Union allows free movement between the member states. While Ireland did not impose restrictions, France put in place controls to curb Eastern European migration.

A perennial political issue concerns rural depopulation. Over the period 1960–1999 fifteen rural départements experienced a decline in population. In the most extreme case, the population of Creuse fell by 24%.

According to Article 2 of the Constitution, amended in 1992, French is the sole official language of France. Therefore, France is the only Western European nation (excluding microstates) to have only one officially recognised language. However, 77 regional languages are also spoken, in metropolitan France as well as in the overseas departments and territories. .Until recently, the French government and state school system discouraged the use of any of these languages, but they are now taught to varying degrees at some schools.^ Which nations use French as their first language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Is French the second most taught language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ When I took French in high school, I recall the teacher telling us, No wonder it's called the language of love.

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[85] Other languages, such as Portuguese, Italian, Maghrebi Arabic and several Berber languages are spoken by immigrants.

Religion

Main article: Religion in France

Christianity is the largest religion in France, which is a secular country, and freedom of religion is a constitutional right. .According to a January 2007 poll by the Catholic World News:^[86]^[87] 51% identified as being Catholics, 31% identified as being agnostics or atheists (another poll^[88] sets the proportion of atheists equal to 27%), 10% identified as being from other religions or being without opinion, 4% identified as Muslim, 3% identified as Protestant, 1% identified as Buddhist, 1% identified as Jewish.^ Wednesday, January 10, 2007 .

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Saturday, January 27, 2007 .

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Hamas, which trounced Abbas's once dominant Fatah in parliamentary elections last January, has said it would boycott any new polls.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2005,^[89] 34% of French citizens responded that “they believe there is a god”, whereas 27% answered that “they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force” and 33% that “they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force”.^ Whereas in NEC recent survey of 7-10 December 2006 factional support in the West Bank was quite evenly divided with 27% most trusting Fateh, 25% most trusting Hamas, and 40% not trusting any faction, today 45% of Westbankers support Fateh, 25% support Hamas, and 23% do not trust any faction.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ While I'm not sure what the answers to all those questions are, I am sure that they are already out there.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ As for factional trust, in NEC's most recent survey (7-10 December 2006), 32% of Palestinians most trusted Fateh, 27% most trusted Hamas, while 35% did not trust any faction.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.One other study shows 32% of people in France declaring themselves to be atheists, and another 32% declaring themselves “sceptical about the existence of God but not an atheist”.^ We discussed the word "apartheid," which I defined as the forced segregation of two peoples living in the same land, with one of them dominating and persecuting the other.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Earlier Thursday, another three rockets were fired at Israel , one of them landing on Palestinian soil and the other on Israeli territory.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ About two years ago they were also showing weekly Baliwood/Indian films one night a week.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[90]

Estimates of the number of Muslims in France vary widely. .According to the 1999 French census returns, there were 3.7 million people of “possible Muslim faith” in France (6.3% of the total population).^ Arab nationalism has, on the contrary, less appeal as the Arab population is merely an estimated 300 million the world over and of them, some five per cent follow the Christian faith.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In 2003, the French Ministry of the Interior estimated the total number of Muslims to be between five and six million (8-10%).^ Arab nationalism has, on the contrary, less appeal as the Arab population is merely an estimated 300 million the world over and of them, some five per cent follow the Christian faith.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[91]^[92] .The current Jewish community in France numbers around 600,000 according to the World Jewish Congress and is the largest in Europe.^ It is a question that is now being discussed around every corner and in the halls of every gathering of the American Jewish community.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Notes and thoughts on the question that's being pondered all around the American Jewish world: well, is he?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Overland Park is one of the nicer and larger suburbs of Kansas City, and in fact the second largest city in Kansas with a population around 170,000.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Since 1905 the French government has followed the principle of laïcité, in which it is prohibited from recognizing any religion (except for legacy statutes like that of military chaplains and the local law in Alsace-Moselle). Instead, it merely recognizes religious organizations, according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organizations should refrain from intervening in policy-making.

Certain body of beliefs such as Scientology, Children of God, the Unification Church, or the Order of the Solar Temple are considered sects,^[93] and therefore do not have the same status as religions in France. "Sect" is considered a pejorative term in France.^[94]

Public health

Main article: Health in France

The French healthcare system was ranked first worldwide by the World Health Organization in 1997.^[95] Care is generally free for people affected by chronic diseases (Affections de longues durées) such as cancer, AIDS or Cystic Fibrosis. Average life expectancy at birth is 79.73 years.

As of 2007, there are approximately 140,000 inhabitants (0.4%) of France who are living with HIV/AIDS.^[96]

.France, as all EU countries, is under an EU directive to reduce sewage discharge to sensitive areas.^ According to the EU rules, the treaty does not come into force unless it has been endorsed by all 27 EU countries.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.As of 2006, France is only 40% in compliance with this directive, placing it as one of the lowest achieving countries within the EU with regard to this wastewater treatment standard.^ It’s funny how reading the memories of strangers about a place you’ve only been to one time can evoke such a collective consciousness, but there it is.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[97]

The death of Chantal Sébire revived the debate over euthanasia in France. It was reported on 21 March 2008.^[98]

Culture

Claude Monet, founder of the Impressionist movement

Main article: Culture of France

Architecture

Main article: French architecture

.There is, technically speaking, no architecture named French Architecture, although that has not always been true.^ We had only asked for the names of the experts involved… Is it because no in-house technical specialists have been in fact consulted?

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The common practice, as far as I am aware, given that there are no marine specialists within the Department itself, is to seek technical counsel from one of the DfT’s agencies: i.e.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "Although some parts of Maine and Louisiana do speak some French it is not commonly understood.

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

Gothic Architecture's old name was French Architecture (or Opus Francigenum). The term “Gothic” appeared later as a stylistic insult and was widely adopted. .Northern France is the home of some of the most important Gothic cathedrals and basilicas, the first of these being the Saint Denis Basilica (used as the royal necropolis); other important French Gothic cathedrals are Notre-Dame de Chartres and Notre-Dame d'Amiens.^ The first is that rockets - 4,000 struck northern Israel during the 33-days of fighting - can paralyze the home front.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Most of my mall activity was from ‘74-’78 with guys at Diemer and some other Brookridge clowns.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Most of these sites are in Arabic, but some are in European languages.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The kings were crowned in another important Gothic church: Notre-Dame de Reims. .Aside from churches, Gothic Architecture had been used for many religious palaces, the most important one being the Palais des Papes in Avignon.^ MANY SANCTIONS are being used to make it clear to "rabbi" Cohen that he is persona non grata here in Manchester.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Saint Louis' Sainte Chapelle represents the French impact on religious architecture.

During the Middle Ages, fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers against their rivals. When King Philip II took Rouen from King John, for example, he demolished the ducal castle to build a bigger one. .Fortified cities were also common, unfortunately most French castles did not survive the passage of time.^ Once you know the essential French verbs, just add the most common phrases and you are ...

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ You can also download a list of the 681 most common verbs in French (available in PDF format.

French II Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The most common, and unfortunately the most successful, is the simple “bump and snatch,” where an individual bumps into the tourist while at the same time reaching into the pockets/purse/bag.

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

This is why Richard the Lionheart's Château-Gaillard was demolished, as well as the Château de Lusignan. Some important French castles that survived are Chinon, Château d'Angers, the massive Château de Vincennes and the so called Cathar castles.

Before the appearance of this architecture France had been using Romanesque architecture like most of Western Europe (with the exception of the Iberian Peninsula, which used Mooresque architecture). .Some of the greatest examples of Romanesque churches in France are the Saint Sernin Basilica in Toulouse and the remains of the Cluniac Abbey (largely destroyed during the Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars).^ During the recent war with Hezbollah, the Egyptian government criticized Israeli policy, but relations were "too important for both sides to let this event destroy it," Cohen said.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The end of the Hundred Years' War marked an important stage in the evolution of French architecture.^ Thus began the dynastic struggle known as the Hundred Years War (1337-1453), actually a series of wars and truces.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This will be important particularly if eventually, in a year or two, such war is forced on us after all.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The War of the Grand Alliance (1688-97) against Louis XIV began to turn the tide; the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14), although it did not end with a clear victory over France, marked the end of French expansion in Europe.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

It was the time of the French Renaissance and several artists from Italy and Spain were invited to the French court; many residential palaces, Italian-inspired, were built, mainly in the Loire Valley. Such residential castles were the Château de Chambord, the Château de Chenonceau, or the Château d'Amboise. Following the renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages, Baroque Architecture replaced the gothic one. .However, in France, baroque architecture found a greater success in the secular domain than in the religious one.^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ They were founded by St. Francis de Sales and St. Jane-Frances de Chantal, and in the middle of the nineteenth century one of them had as superior Venerable Marie de Sales Chappuis.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[99] In the secular domain the Palace of Versailles has many baroque features. Jules Hardouin Mansart can be said to be the most influential French architect of the baroque style, with his very famous baroque dome of Les Invalides. Some of the most impressive provincial baroque architecture is found in places that were not yet French such as the Place Stanislas in Nancy. On the military architectural side Vauban designed some of the most efficient fortresses of Europe and became a very influential military architect.

The Eiffel Tower is an icon of both Paris and France

After the Revolution the Republicans favoured Neoclassicism although neoclassicism was introduced in France prior to the revolution with such building as the Parisian Pantheon or the Capitole de Toulouse. Built during the French Empire the Arc de Triomphe and Sainte Marie-Madeleine represent this trend the best.

Under Napoleon III a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth. .If some very extravagant buildings such as the neo-baroque Palais Garnier were built, the urban planning of the time was very organised and rigorous.^ The controversy surrounding his malls is notable as he continues to operate some very beleagured malls without divulging many plans to renovate them or make them viable again.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

For example Baron Haussmann rebuilt Paris. The architecture associated to this era is named Second Empire in the English speaking world, the term being taken from the Second French Empire. These times also saw a strong Gothic-Revival trend across Europe, in France the associated architect was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. .In the late 19th century Gustave Eiffel designed many bridges (like the Garabit viaduct) and remains one of the most influential bridge designer of his time, although he is best remembered for the Eiffel Tower.^ I also would like to take this time to remember “Sherman Dreiseszun” for he gave my father the opportunity to make his dream come true.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ With the software available today we could recreate the mall virtually, put in whatever stores we remember or liked at the time, it would be really cool.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ One time on my 3&2 baseball team, they sponsored our uniforms and I remember they had a store I think one location at Metcalf South.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In the 20th century the Swiss Architect Le Corbusier designed several buildings in France. .More recently French architects have combined both modern and old architectural styles.^ Old French PQ151-221 Modern PQ226-310 Poetry PQ400-491 Drama PQ500-591 Prose and prose fiction PQ601-771 .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Old French PC2813-(2898) Provencal (Old) PC3201-3366 Modern patois of South France PC3371-3420.5 Langue d'oc dialects PC3420.8-3495 .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

The Louvre Pyramid is a good example of modern architecture added to an older building. .Certainly the most difficult buildings to integrate within French cities are skyscrapers, as they are visible from afar.^ And it is difficult to obtain those in one of the most photographed cities of the world!!

Paris Photo Gallery by Yergen Diesel at pbase.com 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.pbase.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France's largest financial district is La Defense, where a significant number of skyscrapers are located. Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; a good example of the way this has been done is the Millau Viaduct. Some famous modern French architects include Jean Nouvel or Paul Andreu.

Molière is the most played author in the Comédie-Française

Literature

Main article: French literature

.The earliest French literature dates from the Middle Ages when the area that is modern France did not have a single, uniform language.^ Islamiya http://www.islamiya.info/(28 ) This French-language Islamist portal began operating in 1998, and claims to have received over 5 million hits to date.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

There were several languages and dialects and each writer used his own spelling and grammar. The author of many French mediaeval texts is unknown, for example Tristan and Iseult and Lancelot and the Holy Grail. Much mediaeval French poetry and literature was inspired by the legends of the Matter of France, such as the The Song of Roland and the various Chansons de geste. The “Roman de Renart”, written in 1175 by Perrout de Saint Cloude tells the story of the mediaeval character Reynard ('the Fox') and is another example of early French writing. The names of some authors from this period are known, for example Chrétien de Troyes and Duke William IX of Aquitaine, who wrote in Occitan.

An important 16th century writer was François Rabelais who influenced modern French vocabulary and metaphor. During the 17th century Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine and Molière's plays, Blaise Pascal and René Descartes's moral and philosophical books deeply influenced the aristocracy leaving an important heritage for the authors of the following decades. Jean de La Fontaine was an important poet from this century.

19th century poet, writer, and translator Charles Baudelaire.

French literature and poetry flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries. The 18th century saw the works of writers, essayists and moralists such as Voltaire, Denis Diderot and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Charles Perrault was a prolific writer of children's stories such as: “Puss in Boots”, “Cinderella”, “Sleeping Beauty” and “Bluebeard”.

At the turn of the 19th century symbolist poetry was an important movement in French literature, with poets such as Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé. .The 19th century saw the writing of many French novels of world renown with Victor Hugo (Les Misérables), Alexandre Dumas (The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte-Cristo), and Jules Verne (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea) among the most well-known in France and beyond.^ Hiding under the blankie Twenty-three days have passed (i.e.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Other 19th century fiction writers include Emile Zola, Guy de Maupassant, Théophile Gautier and Stendhal.

The Prix Goncourt is a French literary prize first awarded in 1903. Important writers of the 20th century include Marcel Proust, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Antoine de Saint Exupéry wrote Little Prince which has remained popular for decades with children and adults around the world.

Sport

Main article: Sport in France

Tour de France

.Popular sports include football, both codes of rugby football and in certain regions basketball and handball.^ Whether you love rugby, football or tennis, the capital of France is really an all-rounder when it comes to sports.

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

France has hosted events such as the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, and hosted the 2007 Rugby Union World Cup. .Stade de France in Paris is the largest stadium in France and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup final, and hosted the 2007 Rugby World Cup final in October 2007. France also hosts the annual Tour de France, the most famous road bicycle race in the world.^ Paris , France Palais des Congres Paris .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

^ Paris , France Casino de Paris .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

^ Paris , France Stade de France .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

France is also famous for its 24 Hours of Le Mans sports car endurance race held in the Sarthe department. .Several major tennis tournaments take place in France, including the Paris Masters and the French Open, one of the four Grand Slam tournaments.^ Paris , France Grand Rex .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

France has a close association with the Modern Olympic Games; it was a French aristocrat, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who suggested the Games' revival, at the end of the 19th century. .After Athens was awarded the first Games, in reference to the Greek origins of the ancient Olympics, Paris hosted the second Games in 1900.^ The first time he managed to prevaricate and, the second time, he referred us to his previous answer.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Paris was also the first home of the International Olympic Committee, before it moved to Lausanne.^ The initiative represents Netanyahu's first advocacy mission before the international community.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Since that 1900 Games, France has hosted the Olympics on four further occasions: the 1924 Summer Olympics, again in Paris and three Winter Games (1924 in Chamonix, 1968 in Grenoble and 1992 in Albertville).

Both the national football team and the national rugby union team are nicknamed “Les Bleus” in reference to the team’s shirt color as well as the national French tricolor flag. The football team is among the most successful in the world, particularly at the turn of the 21st century, with one FIFA World Cup victory in 1998, one FIFA World Cup second place in 2006, and two European Championships in 1984 and 2000. The top national football club competition is the Ligue 1. Rugby is also very popular, particularly in Paris and the southwest of France. .The national rugby team has competed at every Rugby World Cup, and takes part in the annual Six Nations Championship.^ Attention was recently drawn to the rights and status of Arab women in Palestinian society by the strengthening of nationalism and the call to women to take part in the struggle for liberation from the occupation.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Following from a strong domestic tournament the French rugby team has won sixteen Six Nations Championships, including eight grand slams; and have reached the semi-finals and final of the Rugby World Cup.^ What has happened unfortunately in those six months is that despite your best efforts you have been unable to reach agreement on that national unity government.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French League Cup Final 2010 Tickets .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

^ French Open: Women's Semi Finals (Philippe Chatrier) Tickets .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

Marianne

Main article: Marianne

Marianne

Marianne is a symbol of the French Republic. .She is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic and first appeared at the time of the French Revolution.^ It was the president who appointed a cleric for the first time since the revolution to head Tehran University - the country's most political and prestigious university.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The earliest representations of Marianne are of a woman wearing a Phrygian cap. The origins of the name Marianne are unknown, but Marie-Anne was a very common first name in the 18th century. Anti-revolutionaries of the time derisively called her La Gueuse (the Commoner). It is believed that revolutionaries from the South of France adopted the Phrygian cap as it symbolised liberty, having been worn by freed slaves in both Greece and Rome. Mediterranean seamen and convicts manning the galleys also wore a similar type of cap.

Under the Third Republic, statues, and especially busts, of Marianne began to proliferate, particularly in town halls. She was represented in several different manners, depending on whether the aim was to emphasise her revolutionary nature or her “wisdom”. Over time, the Phrygian cap was felt to be too seditious, and was replaced by a diadem or a crown. In recent times, famous French women have been used as the model for those busts. Recent ones include Sophie Marceau, and Laetitia Casta. She also features on everyday articles such as postage stamps and coins.

International rankings

Main article: International rankings of France

Institute for Economics and Peace [1]-Global Peace Index [2]: Rank 30 out of 144 countries
Total GDP, 2007: 5th (out of 179) (IMF data)
Total value of foreign trade (imports and exports) , 2002: 4th (out of 185)
Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index 2005: Rank 35 out of 167 countries
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2006 – 18th of 163 countries

Notes and references

^ Ministère de la culture et de la communication - Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France. "DGLF - Langues régionales et " trans-régionales " de France". Culture.gouv.fr. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/dglf/lang-reg/methodes-apprentissage/1langreg.htm. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ ^a ^b Whole territory of the French Republic, including all the overseas departments and territories, but excluding the French territory of Terre Adélie in Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended since the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959.
^ French National Geographic Institute data.
^ French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers.
^ INSEE, Government of France. "Population totale par sexe et âge au 1er janvier 2010, France métropolitaine". http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=bilan-demo&page=donnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age2.htm. Retrieved 19 January 2010. (French)
^ ^a ^b ^c INSEE, Government of France. "Bilan démographique 2009". http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1276#inter1. Retrieved 19 January 2010. (French)
^ ^a ^b ^c Metropolitan France only.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "France". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=132&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=70&pr.y=19. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
^ Human Development Report 2009. The United Nations. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
^ Whole of the French Republic except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean.
^ French overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean only.
^ In addition to .fr, several other Internet TLDs are used in French overseas départements and territories: .re, .mq, .gp, .tf, .nc, .pf, .wf, .pm, .gf and .yt. France also uses .eu, shared with other members of the European Union. The .cat domain is used in Catalan-speaking territories.
^ For more information, see Category:Overseas departments, collectivities and territories of France.
^ UNDP.org
^ Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate), CIA World Factbook
^ "CIA - The World Factbook - Country Comparisons - GDP (purchasing power parity)". Cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
^ Education Index
^ Kof.ethz.ch
^ Nation-branding.info
^ UN.org
^ World Health Organization (1997). "The World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems". Photius.com. http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html — List with link to spreadsheet offering breakdown of level and distribution (range) of individual factors such as responsiveness, financial efficiency and impact on health level.
^ ^a ^b "Le tourisme international en France en 2007" (PDF). Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency). http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf. Retrieved 5 June 2008. (French)
^ Tarassuk, Leonid; Blair, Claude (1982). The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons: the most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor from prehistoric times to the present with over 1,250 illustrations. Simon & Schuster. p. 186. ISBN 067142257X. http://books.google.com/books?id=UJbyPwAACAAJ&dq=The+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+Arms+and+Weapons&cd=1.
^ Reisman, Arnold; Saha, P.K. (21 March 2005) (PDF). French as Lingua Franca: An Asset or Liability in the Development of Nations? – page 2. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=690221. Retrieved 7 March 2010 – click on "One-Click Download"
^ Elizabeth M. Hallam & Judith Everard – Capetian France 937-1328, chapter 1 "The origins of Western Francia" page 7: "What did the name Francia mean in the tenth and eleventh centuries? It still retained a wide general use; both Byzantine and western writers at the time of the crusades described the western forces as Franks. But it was also taking on more specific meanings. From 911 onwards the west Frankish king was known as the Rex Francorum -king of the Franks- and the name Francia could be used to describe his kingdom, as it was also used by the east Frankish, or German, kingdom... The Robertines, forerunners of the Capetians, were duces francorum, dukes of the Franks, and their 'duchy' covered in theory most of northern France. Then as royal power contracted further, leaving the early Capetians only a small bloc of lands around Paris and Orleans, the term Francia was used for this region."
^ Plutarch claimed that one million people (probably 1 in 4 of the Gauls) died, another million were enslaved, 300 tribes were subjugated and 800 cities were destroyed during the Gallic Wars.
^ Massacre of the Pure. Time. 28 April 1961.
^ Albert Guerard, France: A Modern History (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) p. 100.
^ Ibid.
^ Ibid.
^ Ibid.
^ Ibid. p. 101.
^ France VII. — History. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. Archived 31 October 2009.
^ Don O'Reilly. "Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans". TheHistoryNet.com.
^ Massacre of Saint Bartholomew’s Day. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
^ "Vive la Contre-Revolution!". The New York Times. 9 July 1989.
^ Napoleon and German identity. Magazine article by Tim Blanning; History Today, Vol. 48, April 1998.
^ France's oldest WWI veteran dies. BBC News. 20 January 2008.
^ In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War. The New York Times. 4 March 2009.
^ Sovereignty claims in Antarctica are governed by the Antarctic Treaty System
^ CIA (2007). "The World Factbook". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
^ ^a ^b CIA (2006). "The World Factbook: Field Listing - Elevation extremes". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.html. Retrieved 14 December 2006.
^ (French) French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "La France en bref". http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/france_829/decouvrir-france_4177/france-bref_2271/index.html. Retrieved 20 March 2008.
^ According to a different calculation cited by the Pew Research Center, the EEZ of France would be 10,084,201 km² (3,893,532 sq mi), still behind the United States (12,174,629 km²/4,700,651 sq mi), and still ahead of Australia (8,980,568 km²/3,467,417 sq mi) and Russia (7,566,673 km²/2,921,509 sq mi).
^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2005). "Discovering France: Geography". http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/country_2004/geography_4405/geography_1507.html. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
^ "Rôle et fonctionnement du Sénat". French Senate. 2006. http://www.senat.fr/role/index.html. Retrieved 20 April 2006.
^ Comparison of recognised and alleged nuclear powers.
^ "La marine chinoise accède au rang de 3ème puissance mondiale". http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=958.
^ L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 page 294
^ "Guide pratique de l' ADEME, la voiture". Ademe.fr. http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/Fiches/voiture/rub3.htm. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
^ "World's 5th Largest Economy". Invest in France Agency. http://www.invest-in-france.org/uk/en/World-s-5th-Largest-Economy.html.
^ "Entreprises selon le nombre de salariés et l'activité" (in French). INSEE. July 2008. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF09203.
^ "Entreprises publiques selon l'activité économique" (in French). INSEE. March 2009. http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF9303.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Economy : France - overview". The World Factbook. CIA. 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html#Econ.
^ "International Trade Statistics 2008". WTO. 2009. p. 12. http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf.
^ ^a ^b "Country fact sheet: France". World Investment Report 2009. UNCTAD. http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf.
^ ^a ^b "Country fact sheet: Japan". World Investment Report 2009. UNCTAD. http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf.
^ "CO2 emissions per capita in 2006". Environmental Indicators. United Nations. August 2009. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/air_co2_emissions.htm.
^ DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie (April 2007). "Électricité en France: les principaux résultats en 2006". http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/statisti/se_elec.htm. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
^ "Key figures of the French economy". French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html#sommaire_1. "France is the world’s fifth largest exporter of goods (mainly durables). The country ranks fourth in services and third in agriculture (especially in cereals and the agri-food sector). It is the leading producer and exporter of farm products in Europe."
^ "Financial year 2007". Distribution of direct aid to farmers. European Commission. 22 April 2009. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fin/directaid/2007/annex1_en.pdf.
^ "Rank Order - GDP - per capita (PPP)". The World Factbook. 2008. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html.
^ OECD in Figures 2005, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2005). "Labour productivity 2003" (Microsoft Excel). http://ocde.p4.siteinternet.com/publications/doifiles/012005061G006.xls. Retrieved 20 April 2006. ; in 2004, the GDP per hour worked in France was $48, ranking France above the United States ($46.3), Germany ($42.1), the United Kingdom ($39.6), or Japan ($32.5) (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2005). "Differentials in GDP per capita and their decomposition, 2004" (Microsoft Excel). http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/40/29867116.xls. Retrieved 20 April 2006. )
^ Objectif croissance 2008, OCDE, February 2008, page 67 ; graphic visible in the Summary page 8; effective annual working duration in France is 1580 hours, compared to 1750 for developed countries
^ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2005). "OECD Employment Outlook 2005 - Statistical Annex" (PDF). http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/36/30/35024561.pdf. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
^ INSEE (2008). "Taux d'emploi des travailleurs âgés de 55 à 64 ans" (in French). http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=98&ref_id=CMPECF03159. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
^ INSEE (2008). "Taux d'emploi des jeunes de 15 à 24 ans dans l'Union européenne" (in French). http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=98&ref_id=CMPTEF03135. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
^ Philippe Aghion; Gilbert Cette, Élie Cohen and Jean Pisani-Ferry (2007). "Les leviers de la croissance française" (in French) (PDF). Conseil d'analyse économique. p. 55. http://www.cae.gouv.fr/rapports/dl/072.pdf. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
^ "Enhancing Incentives to Improve Performances in the Education System in France" (PDF). OECD. 1 August 2007. http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2007doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00002ECA/$FILE/JT03230693.PDF. "Initial education, especially secondary education and the universities, along with labour market policies themselves, do not always succeed in improving labour market entry for a significant proportion of young people."
^ "Employment Outlook 2008 – How does FRANCE compare?" (PDF). OECD. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/35/40904315.pdf. "Only 38% of people aged 55 to 64 are working, 15.5 percentage points less than the OECD average."
^ "France: Jobs and older workers". OECD Observer. http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/1672/.
^ INSEE (2008). "Taux de chômage ; France métropolitaine" (in French). http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=99&ref_id=CMRSOS03311. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
^ INSEE (2008). "Chômage dans l'Union européenne" (in French). http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=98&ref_id=CMPTEF03309. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
^ Harmonised unemployment rate by gender - total - % (SA). Eurostat.
^ "Musées et Monuments historiques". http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/deps/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm.
^ INSEE, Government of France. "Tableau 44 - Taux de fécondité générale par âge de la mère". http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/sd2006/dd/excel/sd2006_t44_fe.xls. Retrieved 13 January 2009. (French)
^ "Inflow of third-country nationals by country of nationality". 2004. http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata/data.cfm.
^ "Immigration and the 2007 French Presidential Elections" (PDF). http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/France_Elections050307.pdf.
^ Oppenheimer, David B. (2008). "Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way". Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 31 (2): 735–752. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1236362.
^ Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply. The Washington Post. 24 April 2005.
^ In officially colorblind France, blacks have a dream - and now a lobby. Csmonitor.com. 12 January 2007.
^ Paris Riots in Perspective. ABC News. 4 November 2005.
^ INSEE (25 January 2005). "Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005". http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1. Retrieved 14 December 2006. (French)
^ UNHCR (2006). "UNHCR Global Report 2005: Western Europe" (PDF). http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4492677f0.pdf. Retrieved 14 December 2006.
^ "Jeanjean, Henri. “Language Diversity in Europe: Can the EU Prevent the Genocide of French Linguistic Minorities?”" (PDF). http://www.anu.edu.au/NEC/Archive/Jeanjean_paper.pdf.
^ Catholic World News (2003). "France is no longer Catholic, survey shows". http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=48547. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
^ (Romanian) Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică, Cotidianul 11 January 2007
^ La Vie, issue 3209, 1 March 2007 (French)
^ "Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 – page 11" (PDF). http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
^ Religious Views and Beliefs Vary Greatly by Country, Financial Times/Harris Poll, December 2006
^ France to train imams in 'French Islam', The Guardian
^ "France - International Religious Freedom Report 2005". http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51552.htm.
^ "Commission d’enquête sur les sectes". http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-enq/r2468.asp.
^ "Society2 ; religion in France ; beliefs ; secularism (laicité)". Understandfrance.org. http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis". http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html. , photius.com
^ "CIA – The World Factbook – France". CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html.
^ "EEA.Europa.eu". Epaedia.eea.europa.eu. http://epaedia.eea.europa.eu/page.php?pid=502. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
^ "France searches its soul after euthanasia plea woman dies". CNN.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/03/21/euthanasia.debate.ap/index.html.
^ Claude Lébedel – Les Splendeurs du Baroque en France: Histoire et splendeurs du baroque en France page 9: “Si en allant plus loin, on prononce les mots ‘art baroque en France’, on provoque alors le plus souvent une moue interrogative, parfois seulement étonnée, parfois franchement réprobatrice: Mais voyons, l'art baroque n'existe pas en France!”

External links

Government

Official site of the French public service – Links to various administrations and institutions
Frenchculturenow.com: French society, culture, politics news
Official site of the French Embassy in the United Kingdom
Chief of State and Cabinet Members

Culture

Cocorico! French culture
Contemporary French Civilization, journal, University of Illinois.

General

France, from the BBC
France, from the Encyclopædia Britannica
France entry at The World Factbook
France at UCB Libraries GovPubs
France at the Open Directory Project
Wikimedia Atlas of France
France travel guide from Wikitravel
OECD France statistics

Coordinates: 47°N 2°E / 47°N 2°E

Celtic Sea • United Kingdom English Channel • Channel Islands	United Kingdom • North Sea Strait of Dover • Belgium	Belgium • Luxembourg Germany
Bay of Biscay		Switzerland
	France

Bay of Biscay • Spain	Andorra • Mediterranean Sea Spain • Algeria	Monaco • Italy Ligurian Sea

Articles Related to France

Geographic locale

Coordinates: 47°N 2°E / 47°N 2°E

Countries of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia² · Austria · Azerbaijan¹ · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus² · Czech Republic · Denmark³ · Estonia · Finland · France¹ · Georgia¹ · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy¹ · Kazakhstan¹ · Kosovo⁵ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia⁴ · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands³ · Norway³ · Poland · Portugal³ · Romania · Russia¹ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain¹ · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey¹ · Ukraine · United Kingdom³ · Vatican City

¹ Has part of its territory outside Europe. ² Entirely in Western Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. ³ Has dependencies or similar territories outside Europe. ⁴ Name disputed by Greece; see Macedonia naming dispute. ⁵ Declared independence from Serbia on February 17, 2008 and is recognised by 65 United Nations member states.

Countries and dependencies of North America

Several nations listed here straddle both North and South America or can also be considered Caribbean.

Sovereign states

Antigua and Barbuda · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominican Republic · El Salvador · France (Guadeloupe · Martinique) · Grenada · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Trinidad and Tobago · United States

Dependencies

Denmark	Greenland

France	St. Barthélemy · St. Martin · St. Pierre and Miquelon · Clipperton

Netherlands	Aruba · Netherlands Antilles

United Kingdom	Anguilla · Bermuda · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Montserrat · Turks and Caicos Islands

United States	Navassa Island · Puerto Rico · U.S. Virgin Islands

Countries of South America

Countries and territories also in or commonly reckoned to be elsewhere in the Americas shown in italics

	Sovereign states Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Uruguay · Venezuela Dependencies Falkland Islands / South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK) · Aruba / Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) Overseas department French Guiana (France)

Countries and territories of Africa

West Africa	Benin · Burkina Faso · Cape Verde · Côte d'Ivoire · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Liberia · Mali · Mauritania · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Togo

North Africa	Algeria · Egypt · Libya · Mauritania · Morocco · Sudan · Tunisia

Central Africa	Angola · Burundi · Cameroon · Central African Republic · Chad · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Equatorial Guinea · Gabon · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe

East Africa	Burundi · Comoros · Djibouti · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Kenya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mauritius · Mozambique · Seychelles · Somalia · Tanzania · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe

Southern Africa	Botswana · Lesotho · Namibia · South Africa · Swaziland

States with limited recognition	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic · Somaliland

Partially in Africa	France (Réunion) · Italy (Pantelleria) · Portugal (Madeira) · Spain (Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla / Plazas de soberanía) · Yemen (Socotra)

Dependencies	Iles Eparses (France) · Mayotte (France) · Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)

Disputed areas	Western Sahara

Countries and territories of Oceania

Sovereign states

Australia · Fiji · Indonesia¹ · Kiribati · Federated States of Micronesia · Marshall Islands · Nauru · New Zealand · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Samoa · Solomon Islands · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu

Dependencies and
other territories

Australia	Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Norfolk Island

France	French Polynesia · New Caledonia · Wallis and Futuna

New Zealand	Cook Islands · Niue · Tokelau

United Kingdom	Pitcairn Islands

United States	American Samoa · Guam · Hawaii · Northern Mariana Islands · U.S. Minor Islands

Chile	Easter Island

Fiji	Rotuma

¹ Transcontinental country

Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea

Albania • Algeria • Bosnia-Herzegovina • Croatia • Cyprus • Egypt • France • Gibraltar • Greece • Israel • Italy • Lebanon • Libya • Malta • Monaco • Montenegro • Morocco • Palestinian Authority • Slovenia • Spain • Syria • Tunisia • Turkey • Akrotiri / Dhekelia

France in the European Union

Member states of the European Union

Austria · Belgium · Bulgaria · Cyprus · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Malta · Netherlands · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · United Kingdom

Member states by: political system · GDP

International organisations

Group of Eight (G8)

Members	Canada · France · Germany · Italy · Japan · Russia · United Kingdom · United States

Representative	European Union

Members of the United Nations Security Council

Permanent members	China · France · Russia · United Kingdom · United States

Term ends December 31, 2010	Austria · Japan · Mexico · Turkey · Uganda

Term ends December 31, 2011	Bosnia and Herzegovina · Brazil · Gabon · Lebanon · Nigeria

Member states of the Council of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia¹ · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey · Ukraine · United Kingdom

Observer member status: Argentina · Canada · Chile · Israel · Japan · Mexico · Morocco · United States · Vatican City ¹ Provisionally referred to by the Council of Europe as the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"; see Macedonia naming dispute.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Australia · Austria · Belgium · Canada · Czech Republic · Denmark · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Japan · Luxembourg · Mexico · Netherlands · New Zealand · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Slovakia · South Korea · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey · United Kingdom · United States

Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Albania · Belgium · Bulgaria · Canada · Croatia · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Turkey · United Kingdom · United States

Latin Union

Member nations	Andorra · Angola · Bolivia · Brazil · Cape Verde · Chile · Colombia · Costa Rica · Côte d'Ivoire · Cuba · Dominican Republic · East Timor · Ecuador · El Salvador · France · Guatemala · Guinea-Bissau · Haiti · Honduras · Italy · Mexico · Moldova · Monaco · Mozambique · Nicaragua · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Portugal · Puerto Rico · Romania · San Marino · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Spain · Uruguay · Venezuela

Permanent observers	Argentina · Holy See · Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Official languages	Catalan · French · Italian · Portuguese · Romanian · Spanish

Member states and observers of the Francophonie

Members	Albania · Andorra · Armenia · Belgium (French Community) · Benin · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada (New Brunswick • Quebec) · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Cyprus¹ · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Dominica · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · France (French Guiana • Guadeloupe • Martinique • St. Pierre and Miquelon) · Gabon · Ghana¹ · Greece · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Haiti · Laos · Luxembourg · Lebanon · Macedonia² · Madagascar · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Moldova · Monaco · Morocco · Niger · Romania · Rwanda · St. Lucia · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Switzerland · Togo · Tunisia · Vanuatu · Vietnam

Observers	Austria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Georgia · Hungary · Latvia · Lithuania · Mozambique · Poland · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Thailand · Ukraine

¹ Associate member. ² Provisionally referred to by the Francophonie as the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"; see Macedonia naming dispute.

National personifications

Armenia	Mother Armenia
Australia	Boxing kangaroo
Brazil	Efígie da República
Cambodia	Preah Thaong and Neang Neak
Canada	Johnny Canuck
Finland	Finnish Maiden (Suomi-neito)
France	Jacobin · Marianne
Georgia	Kartlis Deda
Germany	Deutscher Michel · Germania
Greece	Athena, "Greece" of Delacroix
Iceland	Lady of the mountain (Fjallkonan)
India	Bharat Mata
Indonesia	Ibu Pertiwi
Ireland	Erin · Ériu · Hibernia · Kathleen Ni Houlihan
Israel	Srulik

Italy	Italia Turrita
Japan	Amaterasu
Malaysia	Harimau Malaya · Ibu Pertiwi (East Malaysia)
Netherlands	de Nederlandse Maagd` (Netherlands Maiden)
Norway	Ola Nordmann
Philippines	Juan de la Cruz · Juan_Tamad
Poland	Polonia
Portugal	Efígie da República · Zé Povinho
Russia	Mother Russia · Russian Bear
Sweden	Mother Svea
Switzerland	Helvetia
United Kingdom	Britannia · Lion and Unicorn John Bull (England) · Dame Wales (Wales) ·
United States	Brother Jonathan · Columbia · Uncle Sam Billy Yank (northern states) Johnny Reb (southern states)

Hidden categories: Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages | Articles containing French language text | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010

Quotes

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikiquote

France is a country in Western Europe.

1 Source
2 Attributed
3 Anonymous
4 External links

Source

The creation of Modern France through expansion goes back to the establishment of a small kingdom in the area around Paris in the late tenth century and was not completed until the incorporation of Nice and Savoy in 1860. The existing “hexagon” was the result of a long series of wars and conquests involving the triumph of French language and culture over what once were autonomous and culturally distinctive communities. The assimilation of Gascons, Savoyards, Occitans, Basques, and others helped to sustain the myth that French overseas expansionism in the nineteenth century, especially to North and West Africa, was a continuation of the same assmilationist project.
- George M. Fredrickson, Race, Ethnicity, and National Identity in France and the United States: A Comparative Historical Overview, November 8, 2003

And threat'ning France, plac'd like a painted Jove,
Kept idle thunder in his lifted hand.
- John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis (1667), stanza 39.

That sweet enemy, France.
- Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel and Stella (1581), Sonnet 41, line 4.

"They order," said I, "this matter better in France."
- Laurence Sterne, Sentimental Journey, page 1.

Toute ma vie, je me suis fait une certaine idée de la France.
- Translated: "All my life I have had a certain idea of France".
- Charles de Gaulle, opening sentence of his Mémoires de guerre.

La France a perdu une bataille, mais la France n'a pas perdu la guerre.
- Translated: "France has lost a battle, but France has not lost the war".
- Charles de Gaulle, Proclamation, June 18 1940.

Attributed

France is the only country where the money falls apart and you can't tear the toilet paper.
- Billy Wilder

Anonymous

"Everyone has two countries, his or her own-- and France."

External links

Wikipedia has an article about:

France

Look up France in Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Categories: Geography stubs | Countries | Europe

Travel guide

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

From Wikitravel

Europe : France

[+] Understand
- Climate
- Terrain
- History
[+] Regions
Cities
[+] Other destinations
[+] Get in
[+] Get around
- By plane
- By car
- By thumb
- By train
[+] Buy
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[+] Eat
Drink
[+] Sleep
Learn
Work
[+] Stay safe
- Crimes
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[+] Stay healthy
[+] Respect
[+] Contact
- Phones
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- Post
- Parcels
- Electricity, water, etc.


Location

Flag

Quick Facts
Capital	Paris
Government	Republic
Currency	euro or € (EUR)
Area	547,030 km²
Population	61,538,322 (April 2007) in non-overseas France
Language	French, some regional languages and dialects
Religion	(numbers of unclear basis) Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Muslim 5%-10%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, unaffiliated 4%

Calling Code	33
Internet TLD	.fr
Time Zone	UTC +1

France is a country located in Western Europe. .Clockwise from the north, France borders Belgium and Luxembourg to the northeast, Germany and Switzerland to the east, Italy to the south-east and Spain to the south-west, across the Pyrenees mountain range (the small country of Andorra lies in between the two countries).^ The sources said the halt reflected deteriorating relations between the two countries since the end of the war in Lebanon in August 2006.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Dynamical stability – If the area under the curve of statical stability is calculated up to any particular angle or between two inclined angles then this is known as the dynamical stability for the vessel (for the range of inclinations considered).

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south of France, with the Principality of Monaco forming a small enclave. To the west, France has a long Atlantic Ocean coastline, while to the north lies the English Channel, across which lies the last of France's neighbours, England (part of the United Kingdom).

France is the world's most popular tourist destination (78 million in 2006) boasting dozens of major tourist attractions, like Paris, Côte d'Azur (the French Riviera), the Atlantic beaches, the winter sport resorts of the Alps, the Castles of Loire Valley, Brittany, Normandy: Mont Saint Michel. The country is renowned for its gastronomy (particularly wines and cheeses), history, culture and fashion.

Understand

Climate

A lot of variety, but temperate winters and mild summers on most of the territory, and especially in Paris. .Mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean and in the south west (the latter has lots of rain in winter).^ ONe summer, Metcalf South had a Hot Wheels tournament where it was a single-elimination race tournament (not unlike a Pinewood Derby).

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ I live on Horton and we go walking at this mall during the winter (and the hot summer days) and frequently go to the Glenwood.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Mild winters (with lots of rain) and cool summers in the north west (Brittany). .Cool to cold winters and hot summer along the German border (Alsace).^ I live on Horton and we go walking at this mall during the winter (and the hot summer days) and frequently go to the Glenwood.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Along the Rhône Valley, occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as the mistral. Cold winters with lots of the snow in the Mountainous regions: Alps, Pyrenees, Auvergne

Terrain

Mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south west, Vosges , Jura and Alps in east, Massif Central in the mid south.

History

France has been populated since the Neolithic period. .The Dordogne region is especially rich in prehistoric caves, some used as habitation, others are temples with remarkable paintings of animals and hunters, like those found at Lascaux.^ I’d like to see what some of his other developments look like (the ones being threatened with eminent domain, etc.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Today we can advise that some of those who were involved in the RFI, on the side of the government, have now moved to other positions, way away from their original milieu.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ We have had a very detailed discussion today and some of those discussions obviously involve issues that I want to take further with other parties, as indeed you do as well.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Rise and fall of the Roman empire

Written History began in France with the invasion of the territory by the Romans, between 118 and 50 BC. Starting then, the territory which is today called France was part of the Roman Empire, and the Gauls (name given to local Celts by the Romans), who lived there before Roman invasions, became accultured "Gallo-romans".

With the fall of the Roman empire, what was left were areas inhabited by descendants of intermarriages between gallo-romans and "barbaric" easterners (Mainly the Franks, but also other tribes like the "burgondes").

The legacy of the Roman presence is still visible, particularly in the southern part of the country where Roman circuses are still used for bullfights and rock and roll shows. .Some of the main roads still follow the routes originally traced 2,000 years ago, and the urban organisation of many old town centers still transcript the cardo and the decumanus of the former Roman camp (especially Paris).^ He also wants to know how many of those incidents can be attributed to "the right-wing extremist camp" and how many can be traced to adolescents "of non-German origin."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Stein is the Emory University Professor who resigned from the Carter Center after being a member for many years, following the publication of the book.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Life for Palestinian Christians such as 50-year-old Joseph has become increasingly difficult in Bethlehem - and many of them are leaving.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The other main legacy was the Catholic Church which can be, arguably, considered as the only remnant of the civilization of that time

Middle-Ages

.Clovis, who died in 511, is considered as the first French king although his realm was not much more than the area of the present Ile de France, around Paris.^ Paris, Ile de France, France .

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ Israel's ambassador to Egypt, Shalom Cohen, describes the relationship as much friendlier and more far-reaching than do many Egyptian academics and community leaders.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This view is much more widespread among Hamas supporters (88%) and those who do not trust any faction (64%) than among Fateh supporters (26%).

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Charlemagne, who was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800, was the first strong ruler. He united under his rule territories which extend today in Belgium, Germany and Italy. His capital was Aix-la-Chapelle (now in Germany, known as Aachen).

.The country was under attack by the Vikings who came from the north and navigated upstream the rivers to plunder the cities and abbeys, it was also under attack from the south by the Muslim Saracens who were established in Spain.^ Hosny, who has led thousands of Israelis through the country since 1989, argues that terrorist attacks are the exception rather than the rule.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Next week the city's Tantur Ecumenical Institute will host a meeting of Jewish, Muslim and Christian clergy who will continue to discuss the idea.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The Vikings were given a part of the territory (today's Normandy) in 911 and melted fast in the Feudal system. The Saracens were stopped in 732 in Poitiers by Charles Martel, grand father of Charlemagne, a rather rough warrior who was later painted as a national hero.

Starting with Charlemange, a new society starts to settle, based on the personal links of feudalism. This era is named middle age. .Although generally seen as an era of stagnation, it can more be described as a very complex mix of periods of economic and cultural developments (Music and poems of the Troubadours and Trouveres, building of the Romanantic, then Gothic cathedrals), and recessions due to pandemic disease and wars.^ More than 90% of the public describe current Palestinian conditions as bad or very bad and only 2% describe it as good.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In 987, Hughes Capet was crowned as king of France ; he is the root of the royal families who later governed France.^ Next, he introduced Mr. Lance to Saudi billionaire Gaith Pharaon, who fronted for BCCI and the Saudi royal family.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In 1154 much of the western part of France went under English rule with the wedding of Alienor d'Aquitaine to Henry II (Count of Anjou, born in the town of Le Mans). Some kings of the Plantagenet dynasty are still buried in France, the most famous being Richard I, of Walter Scott's fame, and his father Henry II, who lies in the Abbaye de Fontevraud. .The struggle between the English and French kings between 1337 and 1435 is known as the Hundred Years War and the most famous figure, considered as a national heroine, is Joan of Arc.^ Dynamical stability – If the area under the curve of statical stability is calculated up to any particular angle or between two inclined angles then this is known as the dynamical stability for the vessel (for the range of inclinations considered).

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The making of a modern state nation

.The beginning of the XVIth century saw the end of the feudal system and the emergence of France as a "modern" state with its border relatively close to the present ones (Alsace, Corsica, Savoy, the Nice region weren't yet French).^ A source close to the P.A. said that such a plan could be acceptable only if America provides assurances that the temporary state does not become a final one and that the border issue remains on the table.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Dec 22, 2006 The Bush administration is considering a plan to declare an independent Palestinian state with provisional borders by the end of 2007.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In the Gaul Investigation, the report of the Assessors, the retained experts and the court was presented at the end of the RFI as one final document, ‘set in stone’.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Louis XIV who was king from 1643 to 1715 (72 years) was probably the most powerful monarch of his time.^ His anti-Israel rhetoric and unbending stand on the nuclear programme are believed to have divided Iranians who voted him into power last year.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It was the president who appointed a cleric for the first time since the revolution to head Tehran University - the country's most political and prestigious university.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

French influence extended deep in western Europe, its language was used in the European courts and its culture was exported all over Europe.

That era and the following century also saw the expansion of France on the other continents. This started a whole series of wars with the other colonial empires, mainly England (later Britain) and Spain over the control of North America.

The French Revolution started in 1789, leading to the creation of the Republic. Although this period was also fertile in bloody excesses it was, and still is, a reference for many other liberation struggles.

.Napoléon reunited the country but his militaristic ambition which, at first, made him the ruler of most of western Europe were finally his downfall.^ It was the president who appointed a cleric for the first time since the revolution to head Tehran University - the country's most political and prestigious university.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In 1815 he was defeated in Waterloo (Belgium) by an alliance of British and Prussian forces. .He is still revered in some Eastern European countries as its armies and its government brought with them the thinkings of the French philosophers.^ It would take some planning but I think Metcalf South could be brought back to life the following ways: .

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France went back to monarchy and another revolution in 1848 which allowed a nephew of Napoleon to be elected president and then become emperor under the name of Napoléon III. The end of the XIX century was the start of the industrialization of the country, the development of the railways but also the start of the bitter wars with Prussia and later Germany.^ When we were old enough, we walked through the drainage tunnel under the field what later was devoloped to become the Venture Store, across the wild field, to Metcalf South.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

20th and 21st centuries

1905 saw the separation of the Church from the State. This was a traumatic process, especially in rural areas. The French state carefully avoids any religious recognition. .Under a 'don't ask, don't tell' policy the law forbids French students and civil servants from displaying any sign explicitly showing their religion.^ French who have not yet converted to Islam, in order to show the bastards which [of us] is the more civilized."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Is it not more likely that, as it nowadays happens, the Minister outlined his politics-driven decision and then asked the DfT civil servants to draft his response along those lines?

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

This policy applies to wearing Christian crosses, and has recently been applied to the Muslim hijab (and has been copied in countries like Tunisia and Turkey). In the early 21st century, statistics for Church going and belief in God are among the lowest in Europe.

World War I (1914 -18) was a disaster for France, even though the country was ultimately a victor. A significant part of the male workforce had been killed and disabled and a large part of the country and industry destroyed. .World War II (1939 - 45) also destroyed a number of areas.^ The December 11-12 conference in Tehran drew Holocaust deniers from around the world to debate whether the World War II genocide of Jews took place.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Israel will not receive greater international support with respect to the Iranian threat to destroy it, and will not be able to rely on the world's support if war breaks out with Syria.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Since the end of WWII France went through a period of reconstruction and prosperity came back with the development of industry.^ Blair said the package of assistance, to go through Abbas's office, would include reconstruction and development aid.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France and Germany were at the start of the Treaties which eventually became the European Union. .One of the most visible consequence being the introduction in 2002 of the Euro (€), the common currency of sixteen European countries.^ The Anti Defamation League was the most visible organization to argue publicly that Carter was getting to a point in which one could call him an anti-Semite.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In 2004, France is a republic with a President elected for a 5-year term.^ Justice Steel, the Wreck Commissioner in the 2004 Gaul RFI, his term having recently expired, has stepped down from the Presidency of the Commercial Court.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Typically, the last two years of an American presidents' second term are assumed to be dull and uneventful.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Some current main issues are the further integration of the country into the EU and the adoption of common standards for the economy, defense, and so on.^ According to the EU rules, the treaty does not come into force unless it has been endorsed by all 27 EU countries.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ We have had a very detailed discussion today and some of those discussions obviously involve issues that I want to take further with other parties, as indeed you do as well.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Regions

.France is divided into 22 administrative regions, which themselves can be grouped into 7 main "cultural regions", which share common points.^ At one point, the Westfield people who turned the Franklin Park Mall into a regional mall here was seriously looking to do something similar to Southwyck.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Cities and regions in France

Ile de France
The region surrounding the French capital, Paris.

Northern France (Nord-Pas de Calais, Picardie, and Haute-Normandie)
A region where the world wars have left many scars.

Northeast France (Alsace, Lorraine, Champagne-Ardenne and Franche-Comté)
A region where wider European culture (and especially Germanic culture) has merged with the French, giving to interesting results.

Great West (Brittany, Basse-Normandie, and Pays de la Loire)
An ocean region with a culture greatly influenced by the ancient Celtic peoples.

Central France (Centre-Val de Loire, Poitou-Charentes, Burgundy, Limousin, and Auvergne)
A largely agricultural and vinicultural region, featuring river valleys, chateaux and historic towns.

Southwestern France (Aquitaine and Midi-Pyrenees)
A region of sea and wine, with nice beaches over the Atlantic Ocean and young high mountains close to Spain.

Southeastern France (Rhône-Alpes, Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the Mediterranean island of Corsica)
The primary tourist region of the country outside of Paris, with a warm climate and azure sea, contrasting with the mountainous French Alps.

The world-famous Loire Valley - best known for its wines and chateaux - extends across two regions in west and central France.

.Corsica is a large French island located to the south-east of mainland France in the west Mediterranean Sea (close to Nice on one side and Livorno, Italy).^ Located in Overland Park , one of the largest suburbs of Kansas City, Metcalf South Shopping Center opened in 1967 to immediate fanfare.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ One time on my 3&2 baseball team, they sponsored our uniforms and I remember they had a store I think one location at Metcalf South.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Kelso’s pizza was located on the east side in the lower level, soon to be Dennings Pizza, then Nearly Famous Pizza.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Each region is divided into a number of Departments. Each Department is allocated a 2 digit number. This number forms the first 2 digits of the 5 digit French postcode.

Guadeloupe
Martinique
French Guiana (Guyane Française)
Réunion.

French Polynesia (Tahiti)
New Caledonia (Nouvelle Caledonie)
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (Saint Pierre et Miquelon)
Mayotte-has voted to become a Departement, effective 1 January 2011
Wallis and Futuna

The following overseas territories are remote possessions kept as natural reservations:

French Southern and Antarctic territories (Terres Antarctiques et Australes Françaises, or TAAF), consisting of Terre Adélie in Antarctica and some islands in the Indian Ocean
Scattered Islands of the Indian Ocean (Iles Eparses): Europa Island, Bassas da India, Juan de Nova Island, Glorioso Islands (Glorieuses)
Clipperton Island

A very limited form of tourism is available in the TAAF islands.

Cities

France has numerous cities and towns of interest to travelers. Below is a list of thirteen of the most notable:

Paris -- the "City of Light", the capital of France
Toulouse -- the "Pink City" (for its distinctive brick architecture), capital of Occitania. The city is the home base of the European aerospace industry
Aix-en-Provence - city of water, city of art
Bordeaux - city of wine, nice architecture
Bourges -- a middle aged city, capital of central France.
Cannes -- host of the annual Cannes Film Festival
Lille - France's fourth city, capital of the north of France. Dynamic flemish city with nice architecture.
Lyon - France's second city, with a history from Roman times to the Resistance, restaurants (Beaujolais and delicatessen)
Marseille - big harbor, heart of Provence
Nantes -- the "Greenest City", the "Best Place to Live" in Europe
Nice - a major resort on the French Riviera and the gateway to Monaco.
Strasbourg -- a historic city on the Ill Rhine and home to, among other institutions, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the European Ombudsman, the European Parliament
Tours -- Tours (pronounced "Tuurh") is located on the river Loire in the Centre-Val de Loire region.

Other destinations

Centre - Val de Loire

The Centre (pronounced "son-truh") is a large inland region of central France located to the south-west of the French capital Paris. The official name for the region is frequently combined in tourist literature with the French 'Val de Loire' to produce the combination Centre-Val de Loire, reflecting the fact that much of UNESCO World Heritage listed valley of the river Loire is embraced by this region. The region is known for its fine historical towns (medieval town of Chinon for example), for its vineyards (Bourgueil, Chinon, Touraine, St Nicolas), its gastronomy (Goat Cheese : St Maure de Touraine, Poire Tappee, Rillons...) and for its many beautiful castles or "chateaux" (Chambord - Amboise - Blois - Chinon - Villandry - Rivau - Azay le Rideau - Rigny Usse - Montsoreau) and Gardens (Villandry - Rivau - Valmer - Chaumont - Chatonniere).

The Canal du Midi

.One of the most remarkable inland waterways in the world, The Canal du Midi was built in the 17th century to link the Atlantic with the Mediterranean, and is now a UNESCO World Heritage site.^ "That is history now," as one Islamist put it in remarks to The Peninsula yesterday not wanting his name in print.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is one of the most sacred sites in Christendom, but there are no tourists queuing to see it.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The Canal itself, which starts in Toulouse and finishes in the Thau Lagoon near Sète, has 240 km of navigable waterway, making it ideal for boat holidays. The Canal is extremely picturesque, often serene, and shaded for much of its length by trees. There are some impressive engineering feats along its course, including the series of locks at Fonseranes, near Béziers, which was the birthplace of the Canal's founder, Pierre-Paul Riquet.

Franche Comté

.In 19th-century European high society, people would often talk of a magical land where winter never came - that land of unending sunshine and azur waters.^ Abedi then declared: "we would never talk about exploiting his relationship with the president."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.A few miles back from the shore is a less publicized side of the Riviera --- a world of romantic hill towns and perched villages balanced on craggy peaks.^ He was on crutches, having been clubbed by supporters of the president and had his foot run over by a motorcycle during a less publicized student demonstration a few days earlier.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Worn-down stone stairs and cobbled byways lead through modest hamlets crowding around ancient châteaux.

Rhone-Alps

A region flagged by the peaks of it mountains where hiking and winter sports are king. Springing from a glacier, the Rhône River flows south through France toward the sunshine of the Mediterranean. Its broad valley embraces thriving cities, Roman ruins, medieval castles, fabled vineyards and the snowy peaks of the French Alps.

Ile-de-France

.The Louvre Museum, Versailles Château, Orsay Museum, Saint-Denis Basilica and the Fontainebleau Château are all just a small part of what makes Paris Ile-de-France the most beautiful museum in the world.^ Following are excerpts: Section 7, titled "Gratitude," includes the following: "According to the Prophet's sayings, most of the people in Hell are women, because [women] are ungrateful and deny good [deeds] that are done for them..."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Between cultural visits and entertainment possibilities, there are ample opportunities to take advantage of your stay and discover the very best in festive entertainment and leisure activity : shows, Parisian reviews, operas, not to mention shopping, sports and more.^ I just wanted to make sure that the readers of this blog knew that there’s one employee who is very unnecessarily hostile towards picture taking.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Take advantage of places where you can set up your shots to be the least intrusive.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ If anyone is interested, there is a story in the WSJ today about dead shopping malls and Metcalf South gets a brief mention.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Reading up

.Before you leave you may want to read a book like French or Foe by Polly Platt or Almost French by Sarah Turnbull — interesting, well written records from English speaking persons who live in France.^ The president is considered a "lame duck," a politician without political clout, who is interested only in preserving his record in history books.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ And these visits reflect personal interest and concern, as well as the interest of the government of the United Kingdom for the need to achieve a comprehensive peace in the Middle East region.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ British and French diplomats, who had been hoping for a vote Friday, said a delay was likely.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

For the adult reader interested in the the famous reputation enjoyed by Paris for romance and sensuality, try "SENSUAL PARIS: Sex, Seduction and Romance in the Sublime City of Light" by Jonathan LeBlanc Roberts

Burgundy

.Norman abbeys, châteaux with glazed rooves, ducal towns and charming villages make Burgundy a historic region with a glorious heritage.Bienvenue to Burgundy, where every day is a celebration of world-famous wines and fond memories often recorded on bottles labeled Gevrey-Chambertin, Pommard, Romanee-Conti or Montrachet.^ "Israel is condemned every day in newspapers around the world, by Arab groups around the world, by left-wing groups around the world," Klein said.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Western Loire

The Western Loire stretches along the Atlantic Ocean, just below Brittany. It is a very scenic region, with some 30 miles of the Jade Coast, plenty of green countryside, and 250 miles of waterways.Starting roughly where the huge châteaux of the Loire Valley end and winding west with the river to fine beaches and islands on the Atlantic coast, lies the Western Loire. .Its attractions make up the best of two worlds: inland and aquatic.^ Blessed are those who try to make the best of two worlds!

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Normandy

During the American assault of Omaha Beach on June 6, 1944, the Second Ranger Battalion scaled the 100-foot cliff of the Pointe-du-Hoc and seized the German artillery pieces. Normandy echoes the history of past struggles: the Norman Conquest woven into the tapestry at Bayeux; the perils of Jeanne d'Arc recorded in Rouen; and the drama of the D-Day landings recorded along the Normandy beaches.

Picardy

France itself was born in this northern province located between the Marne and the Somme, for it was here that the Franks - ancestors of the French - settled down. Picardy is the first region and the historical beginning of France; it is a veritable treasure-trove of art and natural beauty.

Champagne Ardenne

The home of champagne could only be welcoming. Accept its invitation and feast your eyes and taste buds! Champagne country, birthplace of le champagne, the world's most festive wine. La Champagne, the region where this fine bubbly is made, holds so many treasures: a rolling countryside, dotted medieval churches, timeless castles and villages along winding waterways, historic fortifications in the forested Ardennes, and vineyards as far as the eye can see between Reims and Epernay.

Auvergne

Shaped by the volcanic activity that took place 30 million years ago, the Auvergne landscape is all green mountains and wild gorges. Nature in the raw. .Intriguing Auvergne, in the very center of France between Vichy and Le Puy, has a broad history from the 13th century's King Philippe Augustus to the Marquis de la Fayette.^ "Terrorisme français en Algérie: La France pourra-t-elle exploiter le pétrole algéro-saharien comme elle l'entend?"

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Celebrated Frenchmen from this region include Vercingétorix, the first Gaulois king, one of the great thinkers of modern times, Blaise Pascal, and former president Georges Pompidou.^ We’ve heard it often said that history repeats itself because no one was listening the first time and that a wrong, if not rectified, only increases.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Should one even ponder the idea of a former President as an anti-Semite?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Poitou Charente

The Poitou-Charentes region has a magnificent coastline - and is one of the finest destinations for countryside holidays. The region's reputation is closely linked to cognac – the superb, refined, locally-produced spirit. .Poitou-Charentes is a land of tradition, where skills are passed on from generation to generation: its inhabitants know how to wait for a good product to mature – and they also know how to take the time to enjoy life and to welcome guests.^ Sadly, the odds are that, this time, Ireland will take the route which leads to super-state, undemocratic, Europe, and into the welcoming arms of President Blair.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The legal enquiry is complete on the Gaul and information passed to the MCA. It will be Lloyd's Register's intention to work with them should they decide to take this further.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Aquitaine

An immense line of golden sandy beaches, bastides and châteaux, an abundance of vineyards, mountains and countryside - that's Aquitaine. Bountiful Aquitaine - what landscapes, culture and heritage! A generosity that is also hinted at in the diversity of its countryside: the sloping Bordeaux vineyards, the sandy heathland along the coasts of the Basque country, the plateaux of the Périgord.

Alsace

.A region situated at the crossroads of Europe, Alsace is a frontier land both open to the world and attached to its own traditions.^ They also have to compete in a world market in which unregulated vessels, having lower overheads, are also able to land fish and this both reduces fish stocks and undermines market prices.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Alsace is renowned for its geranium-filled villages, its medieval capital of Strasbourg, its tasty "choucroute garni" dishes and its crispy dry white wines. Nestled between the mighty Rhine and the Vosges mountains, picturesque Alsace is fiercely French in its social and political attitudes, but ever so slightly German in its tastes and appetites.

Brittany

A region that values its idiosyncrasies, Brittany is a world of its own at the edge of the country. At the westernmost tip of France, Brittany extends out to the sea where the Atlantic Ocean and English Channel meet. Rooted in its Celtic past, Brittany presents visitors with a special personality: an ancient countryside with quiet beaches, rugged capes, melancholic moors, small fishing villages, walled cities and prehistoric megaliths

Corsica

Corsica is the "the island of beauty", with its contrasting colors: blue like the vast sea, dark green like its laricio pines, ochre like its Genoese towers and red like its creeks. Once described as "That mountain in the sea," the isle of Corsica, with over 600 miles of sandy beaches, and crested by 9,000 foot peaks, lies in the heart of the Western Mediterranean. Easily accessible by air and sea, Corsica is just 110 miles off the Southeastern coast of France and 50 miles from the shores of Italy.

Languedoc Roussillon

Miles of fine sandy beaches, a hinterland rising up the foothills of the Massif Central and the Pyrénées - Languedoc-Roussillon is a land of sun-filled charm.The Languedoc-Roussillon region, where the Pyrénées Mountains plunge into the Mediterranean, has come into its own with a sparkling group of new yacht-port resorts.

Limousin

.Make a getaway to Limousin and plunge into the most lush vacation destination you could imagine - a land of trees, water and pure, clean air.^ We need …” The EU hub, I am informed, is not the safest place to be when you are sticking your nose into TOPICS that could embarrass the present government.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The Limousin region, on the western slopes of the Massif Central, attracts visitors in search of unspoiled countryside. Almost entirely covered by a thick carpet of vegetation, lit up by a large number of rivers and lakes, Limousin is a haven of profoundly harmonious landscapes.

Lorraine

Lorraine is proud of its strategic position at the border of Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. .A strategic position at the crossroads of Europe explains Lorraine's long, colorful and often turbulent history, which has endowed two major cities with diverse artistic wealth: Metz, once a Gallo-Roman stronghold; and Nancy, whose elegant 18th-century buildings make artwork out of urban architecture.^ Despite the two-day-old truce, a series of heavy gunbattles between Hamas and Fatah militants broke out in Gaza City early Friday.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The two terror-hopefuls then planned the murder, equipping themselves with two long knives purchased in the city of Sachnin in northern Israeli.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Midi Pyrénées

.The Midi-Pyrénées is made up of eight departments set in the heart of southwestern France.^ Senior PLO negotiator Saeb Erekat confirmed Tuesday that efforts were being made to set up a meeting between the two leaders.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

It has an incredibly wide range of natural sites: from the Pyrenees to the valley of the Dordogne and from Gascony to the Gorges du Tarn; the diversity of its landscapes is equalled only by the wealth of its heritage. One of France's most enticing and enchanting regions, the Midi-Pyrénées boasts a rich cultural, historical and natural heritage.

Pas de Calais

A region of festivities and human warmth where joie de vivre is a communal affair. Just over the border from Belgium and a tunnel ride across the Channel from England lies the Nord/Pas-de-Calais region. Its major city is Lille, the captivating crossroads of TGV Paris - Brussels and London.

Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur

With its feet in the Mediterranean and its head in the Alps, the region has an extensive palette of colorful landscapes. Provence, the Midi, these are magical names in a luminous landscape that inspired Van Gogh and Cézanne, and changed the course of modern painting. They have also created a new current in contemporary travel.

Franche Comté

Between the Vosges and the Jura, Franche-Comté is one of those regions where the natural surroundings are second to none. Verdant and friendly, Franche-Comté occupies France's mid-east, located between the old Duchy of Burgundy and Switzerland, and embraces the western part of the dramatic Jura Mountains.

Most of the cities in France would have an "Office du tourisme". These can help at making itineraries, getting a map, get information about accommodation, visit chateaux, organise wine testing and so on.

Get in

Passport and Visa

France is a member of the Schengen Agreement. For EU, EEA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) or Swiss citizens, an officially approved ID card (or a passport) is sufficient for entry. In no case will they need a visa for a stay of any length. Others will generally need a passport for entry.

.There are no border controls between countries that have signed and implemented the treaty - the European Union (except Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.^ If Iran withdraws its support for the Syrian Shiites, it could constitute a sign for the Sunni majority and Kurds in Syria to raise their heads and demand control of the country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "Until the United States helps lead a renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process, there will be no prospect for broader Middle East peace and stability."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Likewise, a visa granted for any Schengen member is valid in all other countries that have signed and implemented the treaty.^ It asks the 191 other U.N. member states to notify a Security Council committee that will be created to monitor sanctions when those Iranians show up in their country.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

But be careful: Not all EU members have signed the Schengen treaty, and not all Schengen members are part of the European Union.

Airports in Europe are thus divided into "Schengen" and "non-Schengen" sections, which effectively act like "domestic" and "international" sections elsewhere. .If you are flying from outside Europe into one Schengen country and continuing to another, you will clear Immigration and Customs at the first country and then continue to your destination with no further checks.^ Another rocket, fired shortly afterward, also hit an area in the center of town, sending pieces of shrapnel flying into a bus.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Travel between a Schengen member and a non-Schengen country will result in the normal border checks. Note that regardless of whether you travelling within the Schengen area or not, some airlines will still insist on seeing your ID card or passport.

Keep in mind that the counter begins once you enter any country in the Schengen Area and is not reset by leaving a specific Schengen country for another Schengen country, or vice-versa.

.As of January 2010 only the citizens of the following non-EU/EEA/Swiss countries do not need a visa for entry into the Schengen Area; note that they must not stay longer than three months in half a year and must not work while in the EU: Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Japan, Macedonia*, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Serbia*/**, Seychelles, Singapore, South Korea, United States, Uruguay, Vatican City, Venezuela, additionally persons holding British National (Overseas), Hong Kong SAR or Macau SAR passports.^ Talk of new ideas for breaking the deadlock in the Middle East come as pressure mounts on the United States and Israel to take action toward resolving the conflict.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In addition, policy change reveals an admission of guilt and a commitment to a misguided strategy for more than three years.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ However, it must be recalled that another voice is being heard in the United States - that of the Baker-Hamilton Iraq Study Group, which recommends opening contacts with Syria.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Note that

while British subjects with the right of abode in the United Kingdom and British Overseas Territories citizens connected to Gibraltar are considered "United Kingdom nationals for European Union purposes" and therefore eligible for unlimited access to the Schengen Area,
British Overseas Territories citizens without the right of abode in the United Kingdom and British subjects without the right of abode in the United Kingdom as well as British Overseas citizens and British protected persons in general do require visas.

.However, all British Overseas Territories citizens except those solely connected to the Cyprus Sovereign Base Areas are eligible for British citizenship and thereafter unlimited access to the Schengen Area.^ The burden of proof is on the players and others involved in soccer, who must excommunicate all those who have any connection with match-fixing.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Further note that

(*) Macedonian, Montenegrin and Serbian citizens need a biometric passport to enjoy visa-free travel and

(**) Serbian citizens with passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate (Serbs residing in Kosovo) still do need a visa.

By plane

The main international airport, Roissy - Charles de Gaulle (CDG) [1], is likely to be your port of entry if you fly into France from outside Europe. CDG is the home of Air France (AF), the national company, for most intercontinental flights. .AF and the companies forming the SkyTeam Alliance (Dutch KLM, AeroMexico, Alitalia, US Continental, NorthWest and Delta Airlines, Korean Air) use Terminal 2 while most other foreign airlines use Terminal 1. A third terminal is used for charter flights.^ A third source of leverage that could be used to alter Syrian behavior is Arab antagonism toward Syria's alliance with Iran.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

If transferring through CDG (especially between the various terminals) it is important to leave substantial time between flights. .Ensure you have no less than one hour between transfers.^ Aides to Netanyahu emphasized Saturday that Syria needs a peace agreement with Israel no less, and possibly more, than Israel needs a peace agreement with Syria.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Add more if you have to change terminals as you will need to clear through security.

Transfers to another flight in France: AF operates domestic flights from CDG too, but a lot of domestic flights, and also some internal European flights, use Orly, the second Paris airport. For transfers within CDG you can use the free bus shuttle linking all terminals, train station, parking lots and hotels on the platform. .For transfers to Orly there is a (free for AF passengers) bus link operated by AF. The two airports are also linked by a local train (RER) which is slightly less expensive, runs faster but is much more cumbersome to use with heavy luggage.^ This chronic crisis runs deep; it is much more complex and entrenched.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Although he has opened Syria's border to jihadists and has allowed Saddam's supporters to operate freely there, that choice may not be entirely his.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.AF has agreements with the SNCF, the national rail company, which operates TGVs (see below) out of CDG airports (some trains carry flight numbers).^ "The two were involved in attempts to carry out a number of suicide attacks inside Israel," an IDF spokesman said.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The TGV station is in Terminal 2 and is on the route of the free shuttle. For transfer to Paris see Paris.

.Other airports have international destinations: Paris - Orly, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Nantes, Nice, Toulouse have flights to cities in western Europe and North-Africa; those airports are hubs to smaller airports in France and may be useful to avoid the transfer between the two Paris airports.^ Among 40 of Europe's most popular destinations - including Brussels, Zurich and Amsterdam, to name just a few - Israel's gateway won top marks in a passenger satisfaction survey conducted by Airports Council International."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Despite the two-day-old truce, a series of heavy gunbattles between Hamas and Fatah militants broke out in Gaza City early Friday.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Two airports, Bâle-Mulhouse and Geneva, are shared by France and Switzerland and can allow entry into either country.

Some low-cost airlines, including Ryanair and Volare, fly to Beauvais airport situated about 80 km northwest of Paris. Buses to Paris are provided by the airlines. Check schedules and fares on their websites.

Ryanair flies direct from the UK to Montpellier, Perpignan, Nimes, Carcassonne and Béziers in Languedoc Roussillon.

Shuttle service in Paris: Paris Star Shuttle [2]

By train

The French rail company, SNCF, provides direct service from most European countries using regular trains. .French train tickets can be purchased directly in the US from RailEurope [3] a subsidiary of the SNCF. The Eurostar [4] service uses high-speed to connect Lille and Paris with London, the latter via the Calais-Dover channel tunnel.^ The money is to be used for paying salaries of members of the security services and presidential guard, and for equipment, but it will not be used for the purchase of lethal weapons.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.More recently, the Eurostar [5] has been expanded within London with the opening of St Pancras International in November 2007. You can now travel from London to Paris in 2 hours 15 minutes.^ New York City Paris London Los Angeles Area Miami More … Hotel Picks by Travel Stars .

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

The Thalys [6] service uses high-speed TGV trains [7] to connect Paris to Brussels and onward to cities in the Netherlands and Germany.

There is no single national bus service. Furthermore, buses are limited to local mass transit or departmental/regional service. You must therefore check for the peculiarities of bus service in the actual region you are in. However, bus tickets in the region of Ile De France generally cost about 1.40€.

Get around

By plane

The following carriers offer domestic flights within France:

Air France [8] (Ajaccio (Campo Dell Oro Airport), Annecy-Meythet Airport, Avignon-Caum Airport, Bastia (Poretta Airport), Biarritz Parme Airport, Bordeaux Airport, Brest (Guipavas Airport), Caen (Carpiquet Airport), Calvi (Sainte Catherine Airport), Clermont-Ferrand (Aulnat Airport), Figari (Sud Corse Airport), Lannion (Servel Airport), Le Havre (Octeville Airport), Lille (Lesquin Airport), Limoges (Bellegarde Airport), Lorient (Lann Bihoue Airport), Lyon Satolas Airport, Marseille Airport, Metz/Nancy (Metz-Nancy-Lorraine Airport), Montpellier (Mediterranee Airport), Mulhouse/Basel (EuroAirport French), Nantes Atlantique Airport, Nice (Cote D'Azur Airport), Paris (Charles De Gaulle Airport), Paris (Orly Field), Pau (Uzein Airport), Perpignan (Llabanere Airport), Quimper (Pluguffan Airport), Rennes (St Jacques Airport), Rodez (Marcillac Airport), Rouen (Boos Airport), Strasbourg (Entzheim Airport), Tarbes Ossun Lourdes Airport, Toulon (Hyeres Airport), Toulouse (Blagnac Airport))
Airlinair [9] (Aurillac Airport, Bastia (Poretta Airport), Beziers Vias Airport, Bordeaux Airport, Brest (Guipavas Airport), Brive-La-Gaillarde (Laroche Airport), La Rochelle (Laleu Airport), Lyon Satolas Airport, Mulhouse/Basel (EuroAirport French), Nantes Atlantique Airport, Paris (Orly Field), Poitiers (Biard Airport), Rennes (St Jacques Airport), Saint Nazaire (Montoir Airport), Toulouse (Blagnac Airport))
CCM [10] (Ajaccio (Campo Dell Oro Airport), Bastia (Poretta Airport), Calvi (Sainte Catherine Airport), Figari (Sud Corse Airport), Lyon Satolas Airport, Marseille Airport, Nice (Cote D'Azur Airport))
Twin Jet [11] (Cherbourg (Maupertus Airport), Marseille Airport, Metz/Nancy (Metz-Nancy-Lorraine Airport), Paris (Orly Field), Saint Etienne (Boutheon Airport), Toulouse (Blagnac Airport))
easyJet [12] (Nice (Cote D'Azur Airport), Paris (Charles De Gaulle Airport), Paris (Orly Field), Toulouse (Blagnac Airport))
Hex'Air [13] (Le Puy (Loudes Airport), Lyon Satolas Airport, Paris (Orly Field), Rodez (Marcillac Airport))
Air Austral [14] (Lyon Satolas Airport, Marseille Airport)
Heli Securite [15] (Cannes (Croisette Heliport), Nice (Cote D'Azur Airport))
Nice Helicopteres [16] (Cannes (Croisette Heliport), Nice (Cote D'Azur Airport))

By car

See also: Driving in France

France has a well-developed system of highways. Most of the freeway (autoroute) links are toll roads. .Some have toll station giving you access to a section, others have entrance and exit toll stations.^ We have had a very detailed discussion today and some of those discussions obviously involve issues that I want to take further with other parties, as indeed you do as well.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Don't lose your entrance ticket or you will be charged for the longest distance.^ Section 11, "Being in Charge of the Home While the Husband is Away" includes the following: "Don't leave home without [your husband's] permission, and [when you do leave], cover yourself properly with your hijab."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.All toll stations accept major credit cards although may not accept foreign credit cards, or you can use the automatic booth, but only if your card is equipped with a chip.^ Materials may only be used with proper attribution.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Roads range from the narrow single-lane roads in the countryside to major highways. Most towns and cities were built before the general availability of the automobile and thus city centers tend to be unwieldy for cars. Keep this in mind when renting: large cars can be very unwieldy. It often makes sense to just park and then use public transportation.

France drives on the right.

A French driver flashing headlights means they are asserting their right of way and warning you of their intentions and presence. Do not use it to mean thank-you. Flashing headlights can also often mean, "Watch out, there's a police speed-check ahead of you!"

By thumb

France is a good country for hitchhiking. Be patient, prepare yourself for a long wait or walk and in the meantime enjoy the landscape. A ride will come along. People who stop are usually friendly and not dangerous. They will like you more if you speak a little French. They never expect any money for the ride.

Remember that getting out of Paris by thumb is almost impossible. .You can try your luck at the portes, but heavy traffic and limited areas for stopping will try your patience.^ Section 14, "Patience and Emotional Support" includes the following: "When [your husband] abuses you, react to his unkindness with kindness...

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It's a good idea to take the local train to a nearby suburb as your chance of being picked up will increase dramatically.^ The IDF has also dramatically increased its training regiments and has, at all times, between two-to-three brigades training in the Golan Heights.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Outside Paris, it's advisable to try your luck after roundabouts. As it's illegal to hitchhike on the motorways (autoroutes) and they are well observed by the police, you may try on a motorway entry. The greatest chance is at toll plazas (stations de péage), some of which require all cars to stop and are thus great places to catch a lift. Some tollbooths are really good, some not so good. .If you've been waiting for a while with an indication of where to go, drop it and try with your thumb only.^ Israeli newspapers this morning quote Israeli sources saying that they attach no special significance to your visit, and also that you only go on these kind of trips when you are weak at home.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

And also, you can try to get a ride to the next good spot in the wrong direction.

Note, though, that hitching from a péage, while a common practice, isn't legal and French police or highway security, who are normally very tolerant of hitchhikers, may stop and force you to leave. You can get free maps in the toll offices - these also indicate where you can find the "all-stop-Péage".

Car Hire Once you land in France you may need to use car hire services and most of the leading companies operate from French airports. There is good merit in booking car hire in advance but it is a regular experience at smaller french airports to not get the type of car you booked online but an alternative model. Sometimes the alternative model is quite different but do not be afraid to stand your ground.

.It is a good tip when travelling in numbers to get one member of the party with hand luggage to go straight through to the car hire desk ahead of everybody else, this will avoid the crush once the main luggage is picked up from the conveyor.^ Under the Constitution, the government is considered illegitimate if one third of its members resign, which means that the one-third opposition is capable of thwarting the government once it finds it is in its interest.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Anna Gamma, of Lassalle, told Haaretz that the responses from all parties have been good and that members of the Palestinian UN delegation promised to pass the message on to the decision-makers.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

By train

Trains are a great way to get around in France. You can get pretty much from anywhere to anywhere else by train. For long distances, use the TGV (Train a Grande Vitesse - High-Speed Train). Reservations are obligatory. But, if you have time, take the slow train and enjoy the scenery. The landscape is part of what makes France one of the top tourist destinations in the world.

The French national railway network is managed by Réseaux Ferrés de France, and most of the trains are run by the SNCF [17] (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français). For interregional trains you can get schedules and book tickets online at voyages-sncf.com [18]. For regional trains, schedules can be found at ter-sncf.com [19] (choose your region, then "Carte and horaires" for maps and timetables). .Booking is available in two classes: première classe (First Class) is less crowded and more comfortable but can also be about 50% more expensive than deuxième classe (Second Class).^ Yet there's one thing that is more important to the Syrian president than those two strategic matters, and that is the regime's survivability.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The Mossad chief said that the centrifuges will be in operation for more than a year by 2008 and will produce about 25 kilograms of enriched uranium.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The alliance between Syria and Iran dates back more than two decades, and was explicitly reaffirmed by the two ruling regimes as recently as January 2005.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Note that if your TGV is fully-booked, step aboard seconds before the doors close, and look for the guard ("contrôleur"). He will find you a seat somewhere.

There are a number of different kinds of high speed and normal trains:

TER. Regional trains : TER are slow but do serve most stations. "E" means "Express".... edit
Corail Intercité. normal day (no special name) operate to and from most cities in France and are usually your best bet for destinations all over France. These are the trains you'll find yourself on if you have a Eurail pass, and don't want to pay extra for reservations. edit
Corail Téoz. As Corail Intercité but you need a reservation. edit
Corail Lunéa. .
night trains (no special name) operate to and from most cities in France and are usually your best bet for destinations all over France.
^ Destination by Name for a Family Drivable from my big city for a Vacation with a Deal for a Group Just added: .
Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]
^ Top 10 Home Top 10 Destinations Top 10 Best Service Top 10 Beach Hotels View All .
Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]
^ Only the best of luxury and boutique hotels in France Paris become Tablet Hotels - the most reliable seal of approval in the hotel industry.
Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]
These are the trains you'll find yourself on if you have a Eurail pass, and don't want to pay extra for reservations.
edit
TGV, [20]. .
The world-famous French high-speed trains (Trains à Grande Vitesse) run several times a day to the Southeast Nice(5-6h), Marseille (3h) and Avignon (2.5 h), the East Geneva (3h) or Lausanne, Switzerland and Dijon (1h15) , the Southwest Bordeaux (3h), the West Rennes (3h) and the North Lille (less than 1h).
^ He was on crutches, having been clubbed by supporters of the president and had his foot run over by a motorcycle during a less publicized student demonstration a few days earlier.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Eurostar to London (2h15) and Thalys to Brussels (1h20) use almost identical trains.
edit
Thalys, [21]. A high-speed train service running daily to/from the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany - it can be a bit expensive compared to normal trains. edit
Intercity. Intercity trains leave for all parts of Europe, including overnight trains to San Sebastian in Spain, Porto and Lisbon in Portugal. edit
Eurostar, [22]. The Eurostar service connects Paris with London directly and Brussels indirectly, as well many other destinations indirectly through the various west European rail services. Travel time between Paris and London through St. Pancras International currently averages at 2 hours 15 minutes, following the opening of a new rail link in late 2007. edit

.If you'll be doing more than about 2 return journeys in France, and are younger than 26, getting a "Carte 12-25" will save you money.^ This view is much more widespread among Hamas supporters (88%) and those who do not trust any faction (64%) than among Fateh supporters (26%).

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The Mossad chief said that the centrifuges will be in operation for more than a year by 2008 and will produce about 25 kilograms of enriched uranium.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The town's Christian population has dwindled from more than 85 per cent in 1948 to 12 per cent of its 60,000 inhabitants in 2006.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

They cost €49, last a year and generally give a 50% reduction on ticket prices.

If you've booked online on Voyages SNCF [23], you can pick up your ticket when you get to the train station. Contrary to a common misunderstanding, this web site allows you to order even if you live in the US; it is not concerned where you live, but where you will pick up the tickets or have them sent; thus if you wish to pick up the tickets at a SNCF train station or office, answer "France". When at the station, just go to the counter ("Guichet") and ask to have your ticket issued ("retirer votre billet"). You can ask "Je voudrais retirer mon billet, s'il vous plait", or 'zhe voo dray ruh teer ay mon bee yay, sill voo play' and then hand them the paper with the reference number.

To find your train, locate your train number and the departure time on the departures board. There will be a track ("Voie") number next to the train and departure time. Follow signs to that track to board the train. You will have a reserved seat on TGV trains. .On other long-distance trains, you can optionally make reservations (at least one day in advance); if you do not have one you may use any unused seat not marked as reserved.^ In other words, you just have to get used to it.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Yet as any follower of Syrian politics will tell you, Sunni mobilization, whether in Lebanon or Iraq, might one day consume the minority Assad regime.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

To find your reserved seat, first look for the train coach number ("Voit. No"). .Pay attention to the possible confusion between track number (Voie) and coach (voiture) number (abbreviated Voit) As you go down the track, the coach number will be displayed on an LCD screen on the car, or maybe just written in the window or right next to the doors.^ "We believe it is possible to build a bridge between the two sides such that Iran can have its rights (to nuclear energy) and any question or ambiguity (about its program) can be removed," he said.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Students complain the international community is not paying enough attention to the worsening human rights situation in Iran because of the obsession with the nuclear issue.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The reserved seat rules are lax; you'll not be fined if you switch seats or use another seat if it is empty because the TGV is not fully booked, or if the other person agrees to switch with you.^ In other words, you just have to get used to it.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In another incident that occurred in Gaza City, anonymous persons set fire to an internet café, claiming that it is used as a meeting place for "forbidden and immoral relations."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The only requirement is not to continue using a reserved seat if the person holding the reservation claims it.^ In another incident that occurred in Gaza City, anonymous persons set fire to an internet café, claiming that it is used as a meeting place for "forbidden and immoral relations."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

On the main lines, TGVs often run in twos. .There are two possibilities: either the two TGVs are considered as one train with one train number (in this case each coach has a different number); or the two TGVs are considered as separate trains which run together during a part of their journey, with two different train numbers (in this case, the two trains may have two close numbers such as 1527 and 1537), and each train will have its own coach numbering.^ Wednesday saw a record number of Qassam rockets launched in one day during the ceasefire which was declared last month.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Yet there's one thing that is more important to the Syrian president than those two strategic matters, and that is the regime's survivability.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "We believe it is possible to build a bridge between the two sides such that Iran can have its rights (to nuclear energy) and any question or ambiguity (about its program) can be removed," he said.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

So be sure you are in the right train (the train number is shown on the LCD screen, with the coach number).

.If you are early, there is often a map somewhere on the track that will show how the train and car numbers will line up on the track according to letters that appear either on the ground or on signs above.^ You want the two state solution, you are a leader of moderation and tolerance and you are showing and demonstrating how you are prepared to shoulder your responsibilities in achieving that.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The statement was reassuring on Lebanese sovereignty, but also showed why wondering about what to do with Assad can often end up being another way of saying: What do you give Assad?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

That way, you can stand by the letter corresponding with your coach number and wait to board the train closest to your coach. You can easily go from one coach to another, so if you are very late, jump in any coach of the same class before the train starts, wait until most people are seated, then walk to your coach and seat number.

Beware: To avoid any form of fraud, your ticket must be punched by an automatic machine ("composteur") to be valid. Older machines are bright orange, newer machines are yellow and gray. The machines are situated at the entrance of all platforms. Failure to punch the ticket may entitle you to a fine even if you are a foreigner with a limited French vocabulary, depending on how the conductor feels. .Likewise if you step aboard a train without a ticket you MUST find the conductor ("contrôleur") and tell him about your situation before he finds you.^ Israel must therefore take into account that it could find itself in a situation in which Washington is holding talks with Damascus and Israel is out in the hallway.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ You have given leadership in this situation, you have said you are determined to find a way forward.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

French information booths, especially in larger train stations, can be quite unhelpful, especially if you do not understand much French. If something does not seem to make sense, just say "excusez-moi" or ex qu say mwa, and they should repeat it.

Night train services also exist. These include couchettes second class (6 bunk beds in a compartment), first class (4 bunks) and Reclining seats. wagon-lits (a compartment with 2 real beds) were totally withdrawn from French overnight trains. However, you can ask for a "private room" (in first class). Night trains have occasionally been targeted by criminals, though this is not a widespread problem.

L'Anglais et les Français

.Yes, it's true: while most people in France under the age of 60 have studied English, they are often unable or unwilling to use it.^ He will be under enormous pressure to accept most recommendations of the bi-partisan Baker-Hamilton study group.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Somebody else told me that he thought "the true Carter is coming out now" and explained this by hinting that people "when they get older, tend to reveal what they really think."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

This is not necessarily linguistic snobbery, but is usually due to lack of practice, or fear that their little-used-since-high-school English will sound ridiculous. Please note that British English, spoken with the carefully articulated "received pronunciation", is what is generally taught in France; thus, other accents (such as Irish, Scottish, Southern US or Australian accents) may be understood with difficulty, if at all. Try to speak clearly and slowly, and avoid slang or US-specific words or phrases. .There is no need to speak loudly (unless in a loud environment) to be understood; doing so is considered impolite.^ Dagan also told MKs that there was no need to take seriously any Syrian overtures regarding peace talks.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It all has to be paid for, including the workers, and there is no problem doing it," said one of the officials.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Don't forget that French people will really appreciate any attempts you do to speak French.^ "You should know that what happened at Polytechnic University was the voice of universities and the real voice of the people," they wrote.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Buy

Vacations

Many of the French take their vacations in August. As a result, outside of touristic areas, many of the smaller stores (butcher shops, bakeries...) will be closed in parts of August. This also applies to many corporations as well as physicians. Obviously, in touristy areas, stores will tend to be open when the tourists come, especially July and August. In contrast, many attractions will be awfully crowded during those months, and during Easter week-end.

.Some attractions, especially in rural areas, close or have reduced opening hours outside the touristic season.^ The landing site has yet to be located, but the rocket apparently landed in an open area outside the southern town.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Mountain areas tend to have two touristic seasons: in the winter, for skiing, snowshoeing and other snow-related activities, and in the summer for sightseeing and hiking.

Money

France is part of the Eurozone, so as in many other European Union countries the currency used is the euro (symbol: €). .Some foreign currencies such as the US dollar and the British Pound are occasionally accepted, especially in touristic areas and in higher-end places, but one should not count on it; furthermore, the merchant may apply some unfavourable rate.^ Before his death in 2005, King Fahd was a longtime contributor to the Carter Center and on more than one occasion contributed million-dollar donations.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The issue of the cease-fire will dominate all meetings, and Olmert is keen to stress that Israel should not be the one that announces an end to the cease-fire.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In general, shops will refuse transactions in foreign currency.

It is compulsory, for the large majority of businesses, to post prices in windows. .Hotels and restaurants must have their rates visible from outside (note, however, that many hotels propose lower prices than the posted ones if they feel they will have a hard time filling up their rooms; the posted price is only a maximum).^ Recommended Style & Atmosphere Price Budget Hotel Top Rated Tablet Plus Click on any combination below, then click "Apply" .

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ He believes it is possible that one day Iranian officials will solve the nuclear crisis but "in the mean time they will have crushed all their internal critics".

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The health and educational systems are still holding up, but only because they are being assisted by international aid.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Almost all stores, restaurants and hotels take the CB French debit card, and its foreign affiliations, Visa and Mastercard. American Express tends to be accepted only in high-end shops. Check with your bank for applicable fees (typically, banks apply the wholesale inter-bank exchange rate, which is the best available, but may slap a proportional and/or a fixed fee).

French CB cards (and CB/Visa and CB/Mastercard cards) have a "smart chip" on them allowing PIN authentication of transactions. This system, initiated in France, has now evolved to an international standard and newer British cards are compatible. Some automatic retail machines (such as those vending tickets) may be compatible only with cards with the microchip. In addition, cashiers unaccustomed to foreign cards possibly do not know that foreign Visa or Mastercard cards have to be swiped and a signature obtained, while French customers systematically use PIN and don't sign the transactions.

There is (practically) no way to get a cash advance from a credit card without a PIN in France.

Automatic teller machines (ATM) are by far the best way to get money in France. They all take CB, Visa, Mastercard, Cirrus and Plus and are plentiful throughout France. They may accept other kinds of card; check for the logos on the ATM and on your card (on the back, generally) if at least one matches. .It is possible that some machines do not handle 6-digit PIN codes (only 4-digit ones), or that they do not offer the choice between different accounts (defaulting on the checking account).^ He believes it is possible that one day Iranian officials will solve the nuclear crisis but "in the mean time they will have crushed all their internal critics".

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Everyone is particularly sensitive when they are the ones being criticized, Rickman said, adding that some people consider anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism to be the same thing.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Therefore, to the Palestinians' chagrin, this is the choice that they are left with today: Between bad and worse.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Check with your bank about applicable fees, which may vary greatly (typically, banks apply the wholesale inter-bank exchange rate, which is the best available, but may slap a proportional and/or a fixed fee; because of the fixed fee it is generally better to withdraw money in big chunks rather than €20 at a time).^ In order to make sure that you see the exact rate that you will be charged for an accommodation for more than 2 adults, it is best to double-check by emailing us at customer service with your dates and the ages of your children.

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ The proponents of this approach argue that inclusion of Iraq's neighbors, rather than their exclusion will save Iraq and will enable the US to withdraw within the next 2-3 years.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ However, the public did not heed this warning and for the first time in many years felt that the Democrats would do a better job than the Republicans in fighting terrorism.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Also, check about applicable maximal withdrawal limits.

Traveller's cheques are difficult to use — most merchants will not accept them, and exchanging them may involve finding a bank that accepts to exchange them and possibly paying a fee.

Note that the postal service doubles as a bank, so often post offices will have an ATM. As a result, even minor towns will have ATMs usable with foreign cards.

.Exchange offices (bureaux de change) are now rarer with the advent of the Euro - they will in general only be found in towns with a significant foreign tourist presence, such as Paris.^ "It's extremely important that there's that voice on campus because that's the only way they're going to change their mind."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Iran says its nuclear program will only be used for peaceful aims, such as electricity generation, and not to make bombs as United States and its European allies fear.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Some banks exchange money, often with high fees. The Bank of France no longer does foreign exchange.

Do's Put money into your checking account, carry an ATM card with a Cirrus or Plus logo on it and a 4-digit pin and withdraw cash from ATMs. Pay larger transactions (hotel, restaurants...) with Visa or Mastercard. Always carry some € cash for emergencies.

Don't's Carry foreign currency ($, £...) or traveller's cheques, and exchange them on the go, or expect them to be accepted by shops.

Stores

Inside city centers, you will find smaller stores, chain grocery stores (Casino) as well as, occasionally, department stores and small shopping malls. Residential areas will often have small supermarkets (Champion, Intermarché). Large supermarkets (hypermarchés such as Géant Casino or Carrefour) are mostly located on the outskirts of towns and are probably not useful unless you have a car.

Eat

With its international reputation for fine dining, few people would be surprised to hear that French cuisine can certainly be very good. Unfortunately, it can also be quite disappointing; many restaurants serve very ordinary fare, and some in touristy areas are rip-offs. Finding the right restaurant is therefore very important - try asking locals, hotel staff or even browsing restaurant guides for recommendations as simply walking in off the street can be a hit and miss affair.

.There are many places to try French food in France, from three-star Michelin restaurants to French "brasseries" or "bistros" that you can find at almost every corner, especially in big cities.^ What we need to do now is to concentrate on the fact that the President, after many many months of trying, has said well there are obstructions in the way to making progress, I am nonetheless going to find a way round those obstructions and ensure that progress is made.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

These usually offer a relatively consistent and virtually standardised menu of relatively inexpensive cuisine. To obtain a greater variety of dishes, a larger outlay of money is often necessary. In general, one should try to eat where the locals do for the best chance of a memorable meal. .Most small cities or even villages have local restaurants which are sometimes listed in the most reliable guides.^ The first strike on the city, which occurred in the early evening, shattered some windows on a local structure, and several people were treated for shock.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

There are also specific local restaurants, like "bouchons lyonnais" in Lyons, "crêperies" in Brittany (or in the Montparnasse area of Paris), etc.

Chinese, Vietnamese, even Thai eateries are readily available in Paris, either as regular restaurants or "traiteurs" (fast-food). They are not so common, and are more expensive, in smaller French cities. .Many places have "Italian" restaurants though these are often little more than unimaginative pizza and pasta parlors.^ Israel's ambassador to Egypt, Shalom Cohen, describes the relationship as much friendlier and more far-reaching than do many Egyptian academics and community leaders.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Since then, students say, more than 100 liberal professors have been forced into retirement and many popular figures have been demoted.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

You will also find North African (Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian) as well as Greek and Lebanese food. The ubiquitous hamburger eateries (US original or their French copies) are also available; note that McDonalds is more upmarket in France than in the US.

.In France, taxes (19.6 per cent of the total) and service (usually 15 per cent) are always included in the bill ; so anything patrons add to the bill amount is an "extra-tip". French people usually leave one or two coins if they were happy with the service.^ Everyone is particularly sensitive when they are the ones being criticized, Rickman said, adding that some people consider anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism to be the same thing.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ We discussed the word "apartheid," which I defined as the forced segregation of two peoples living in the same land, with one of them dominating and persecuting the other.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Menu fixed price seldom include beverages. If you want water, waiters will often try to sell you mineral water (Évian, Thonon) or fizzy water (Badoit, Perrier), at a premium; ask for a carafe d'eau for tap water, which is free and safe to drink. Water never comes with ice in it unless so requested (and water with ice may not be available).

As in other countries, restaurants tend to make a large profit off beverages. .Expect wine to cost much more than it would in a supermarket.^ This view is much more widespread among Hamas supporters (88%) and those who do not trust any faction (64%) than among Fateh supporters (26%).

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ After all, the Syrian regime, which has a regular army and government institutions, is much more vulnerable to an Israeli military-aerial response than Hizbullah.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For Syria, control of Lebanon is much more important than control of the Golan Heights.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Ordering is made either from fixed price menus (prix fixe) or à la carte. A typical fixed price menu will comprise:

appetizer, called entrées or hors d'œuvres
main dish, called plat
dessert (dessert) or cheese (fromage)

Sometimes, restaurants offer the option to take only two of three steps, at a reduced price.

Coffee is always served as a final step (though it may be followed by liquors). A request for coffee during the meal will be considered strange.

Not all restaurants are open for lunch and dinner, nor are they open all year around. It is therefore advisable to check carefully the opening times and days. .A restaurant open for lunch will usually start service at noon and accept patrons until 13:30. Dinner begins at around 19:30 and patrons are accepted until 21:30. Restaurants with longer service hours are usually found only in the larger cities and in the downtown area.^ At approximately 23:30 also on Tuesday, a number of gunmen launched a mortar projectile at the headquarters of the General Intelligence in al-Mashtal area, northwest of Gaza City.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Finding a restaurant open on Saturday and especially Sunday can be a challenge unless you stay close to the tourist areas.

.In a reasonable number of restaurants, especially outside tourist areas, a booking is compulsory and people may be turned away without one, even if the restaurant is clearly not filled to capacity.^ There's only one area where Assad can meet Israel's and the West's demands without this significantly endangering his regime.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Even sleeping one night away from home without her parents' knowledge is a stain on her reputation, and the honor of all the members of the family is a function of the daughter's honor.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.For this reason, it can be worthwhile to research potential eateries in advance and make the necessary reservations in order to avoid disappointment, especially if the restaurant you're considering is specially advised in guide books.^ For internal reasons, the Israeli government has a clear interest to show that it did everything in order to avoid going to war with Syria.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

A lunch or dinner for two on the "menu" including wine and coffee will cost you (as of 2004) €70 to €100 in a listed restaurant in Paris. The same with beer in a local "bistro" or a "crêperie" around €50. A lunch or dinner for one person in a decent Chinese restaurant in Paris can cost as little as €6 if one looks carefully.

.Outside of Paris and the main cities, prices are not always lower but the menu will include a fourth course, usually cheese.^ The "Subjects" section (accessible from the main menu) includes the following: "Islam," "Jihad in Afghanistan," "Jihad in Iraq," "Jihad in Palestine," "Jihad in Chechnya," "The Martyred Heroes of Jihad" and "The World."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

As everywhere beware of the tourist traps which are numerous around the heavy travelled spots and may offer a nice view but not much to remember in your plate.

Bread

All white bread variants keep for only a short time - must be eaten the same day. Hence bakers bake at least twice a day!

The famous baguette: a long, thin loaf
Variants of the baguette : la ficelle (even thinner), la flûte
Pain de campagne or Pain complet: made from whole grain which keeps relatively well.

Pastries

Pastries are a large part of French cooking. Hotel breakfasts tend to be light, consisting of tartines (pieces of bread with butter or jam) or the famous croissants and pains au chocolat, not dissimilar to a chocolate filled croissant (but square rather than crescent shaped).

Pastries can be found in a pâtisserie but also in most boulangeries.

Regional dishes

Every French region has dishes all its own. These dishes follow the resources (game, fish, agriculture, etc) of the region, the vegetables (cabbage, turnip, endives, etc) which they grow there. Here is a small list of regional dishes which you can find easily in France. Generally each region has a unique and widespread dish (usually because it was poor people's food):

Cassoulet (in south west) : Beans, duck, pork & sausages
Choucroute, or sauerkraut (in Alsace) : stripped fermented cabbage + pork
Fondue Savoyarde (central Alps) : Melted/hot cheese with alcohol
Fondue Bourguignonne (in Burgundy) : Pieces of beef (in boiled oil), usually served with a selection of various sauces.
Raclette (central Alps) : melted cheese & potatoes/meat
Pot-au-feu boiled beef with vegetables
Boeuf Bourguignon (Burgundy) : slow cooked beef with gravy
Gratin dauphinois (Rhone-Alpes) : oven roasted slices of potatoes
Aligot (Auvergne) : melted cheese mixed with a puree of potatoes
Bouillabaisse (fish + saffron) (Marseille and French Riviera). Don't be fooled. A real bouillabaisse is a really expensive dish due to the amount of fresh fish it requires. Be prepared to pay at least €30/persons. If you find restaurants claiming serving bouillabaisse for something like €15/persons, you'll get a very poor quality.
Tartiflette (Savoie) Reblochon cheese, potatoes and pork or bacon.
Confit de Canard (Landes) : Duck Confit, consists of legs and wings bathing in grease. That grease is actually very healthy and, with red wine, is one of the identified sources of the so-called "French Paradox" (eat richly, live long).
Foie Gras (Landes) : The liver of a duck or goose. Although usually quite expensive, foie gras can be found in supermarkets for a lower price (because of their purchasing power) around the holiday season. It is the time of year when most of foie gras is consumed in France. It goes very well with Champagne.

Cooking and drinking is a notable part of the French culture, take time to eat and discover new dishes...

Unusual foods

Contrary to stereotype, snails and frog legs are quite infrequent foods in France, with many French people enjoying neither, or sometimes having never even tasted them. .Quality restaurants sometimes have them on their menu: if you're curious about trying new foods, go ahead.^ Marty Peretz of the New Republic wrote about Carter that "he will go down in history: as a Jew hater."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Question: President Abbas, are you still going to go ahead with the elections despite the violence and the fighting in Gaza, and if elections take place are you going to run for President again?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "As I told you in my speech, I am determined to go back to the people," Abbas said in a joint news conference with Blair.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Frogs' legs have a very fine and delicate taste with flesh that is not unlike chicken. .They are often served in a garlic dressing and are no weirder to eat than, say, crab.
Most of the taste of Bourgogne snails (escargots de bourgogne) comes from the generous amount of butter, garlic and parsley in which they are cooked.
^ Following are excerpts: Section 7, titled "Gratitude," includes the following: "According to the Prophet's sayings, most of the people in Hell are women, because [women] are ungrateful and deny good [deeds] that are done for them..."
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.They have a very particular spongy-leathery texture that is what is liked by people who like snails.
^ We can't do that however unless it is done with people who accept the very basis of that two state solution, namely that we have two states.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The will of the people, the people elected me on 9 January 2005 and elected Hamas on 25 January 2006, we want to experience and test the decisions of the people, do they still have confidence in those people who they elected?
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Catalan style snails ("cargols") are made a completely different way, and taste much weirder.

Let us also cite:

Rillettes sarthoise. A sort of potted meat, made from finely shredded and spiced pork. A delicious speciality of the Sarthe area in the north of the Pays de la Loire and not to be confused with rillettes from other areas, which are more like a rough pate.
Beef bone marrow (os a moelle). Generally served in small quantities, with a large side. .So go ahead: If you don't like it, you'll have something else to eat in your plate.
Veal sweetbread (ris de Veau), is a very fine (and generally expensive) delicacy, often served with morels, or in more elaborates dishes like "bouchees a la reine".
Beef stomach (tripes) is served either "A la mode de caen" (with a white wine sauce) or "A la catalane" (with a slightly spiced tomato sauce)
Andouillettes are sausages made from tripe, a specialty of Lyon
Beef tongue (langue de bœuf) and beef nose(museau) and Veal head (tete de veau) are generally eaten cold (but thoroughly cooked!
^ Question: President Abbas, are you still going to go ahead with the elections despite the violence and the fighting in Gaza, and if elections take place are you going to run for President again?
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Syrian insecurity is often cited as an obstacle to a kinder more generous Syria.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Le Pavillon De La Reine .
Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]
) as an appetizer.
Oysters are most commonly served raw in a half shell.
Oursins (sea urchins) For those who like concentrated iodine.
Steak tartare a big patty of ground beef cured in acid as opposed to cooked, frequently served with a raw egg.
Cervelle, pronounced (ser-VAYL) lamb brain.

Cheese

France is certainly THE country of cheese, with nearly 400 different kinds. Indeed, former president General Charles De Gaulle was quoted as saying "How can you govern a country which has 246 varieties of cheese?".

Here is a far from exhaustive list of what one can find:

Bleu des Causses	Livarot	Roquefort
Bleu du Vercors	Morbier	Saint Nectaire
Boulette d'Avesnes	Maroilles	Salers
Brie de Meaux	Munster	Sainte Maure de Touraine
Brie de Melun	Murol	Selles-sur-Cher
Broccio	Neufchâtel	Saint Marcellin
Camembert	Ossau-Iraty	Sainte Maure de Touraine
Cantal	Pelardon	Tomme de chèvre
Chaource	Pérail	Tomme des Cévennes
Comté	Picodon	Tomme des Cévennes
...		Valençay

Dietary restrictions

Vegetarianism is not as uncommon as it used to be, especially in larger cities. .Still, very few restaurants offer vegetarian menus, thus if you ask for something vegetarian the only things they may have available are salad and vegetable side dishes.^ The health and educational systems are still holding up, but only because they are being assisted by international aid.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "[Obey your husband] in everything he asks of you, except for things that are haram [forbidden]."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Only a few years ago they had the world in their pocket.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

There may still be confusions between vegetarianism and pesce/pollotarianism. Vegetarian/organic food restaurants are starting to appear. However, "traditional" French restaurants may not have anything vegetarian on the menu, so you may have to pick something "à la carte", which is usually more expensive. Veganism is still very uncommon and it may be difficult to find vegan eateries.

Breakfast

Breakfast in France isn't the most important meal of the day and is usually very light. A cafe and a brioche, a croissant, or a pain au chocolat is the norm. Cold meats such as salami or ham, and a variety of cheeses may accompany the meal, but this is usual only on weekends and holidays.

Drink

Champagne, Burgundy, Bordeaux, Rhone, the Loire Valley... France is the home of wine. It can be found cheaply just about anywhere. Beer (lager) is also extremely popular, in particular in northern France, where "[Biere de Garde]" can be found. .Note that in France, the minimum age to buy alcohol at cafés is 16 (for beer) and 18 for all others alcohol, but this is not always strictly enforced; however, laws against drunk driving are strictly enforced, with stiff penalties.^ We were unsuccessful until this moment and therefore I said the other option was to go back to the people because the basic law stipulates that the people are the source of all powers, then we have to go back to the people.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Wine and liquors may be purchased from supermarkets, or from specialized stores such as the Nicolas chain. Nicolas offers good advice on what to buy (specify the kind of wine and the price range you desire). .In general, only French wines are available unless a foreign wine is a "specialty" with no equivalent in France (such as port), and they are classified by region of origin, not by grape.^ Iran says its nuclear program will only be used for peaceful aims, such as electricity generation, and not to make bombs as United States and its European allies fear.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Never drink alcoholic beverages (especially red wine or strong alcohol such as cognac) directly from a 75 cl bottle. Such behaviour is generally associated with bums and drunkards. Drinking beer from a 25 to 50cl can or bottle is ok.

Café prices depend heavily on location. Remember, you're not paying so much for the beverage as for the table spot; and accordingly, in general, it is cheaper to drink at the bar than seated at a table. Cafés in touristic areas, especially in Paris, are very expensive. If your intent is simply to have a drink, you'll be better off buying beverages from a grocery store and drinking them in a park.

There are a couple of mixed drinks which seem to be more or less unique to France, and nearby francophone countries.

Panaché is a mix of beer and lemonade, basically a beer shandy.
Monaco is a Panaché with some grenadine syrup added.
Kir is a pleasant aperitif of white wine (in theory, Bourgogne Aligoté) or, less frequently, of champagne (then named kir royal and about twice the price of regular kir) and cassis (blackcurrant liqueur), or peche (peach), or mûre (blackberry).
Pastis is an anise-based (licorice-flavored) spirit that is more popular in the South, but is also available everywhere else.
^ "Islamism is more popular and broad-based with Muslims being more than 1.2 billion in number worldwide," argue its protagonists.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Served with a small pitcher of iced water that is used to dilute the drink and turns the yellow colored liquid cloudy.

Tap water is safe to drink apart from exceptional cases (remote farms, remote rest areas), in which case it will be labeled eau non potable. Tap water may be obtained in restaurants by asking for a carafe d'eau; it will not come with ice. In some cities, it may have a taste such as that of chlorine.

There is a variety of bottled water, including:

Évian, Thonon, Contrex: mineral water
Perrier: fizzy water
Badoit: slightly fizzy and salty water.

Sleep

Short term rentals

.Travelers should definitely consider short term villa/apartment/studio rentals as an alternative to other accommodations options.^ But there are clear signs suggesting that the administration is seriously considering short-term force-expansion.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Short term can be as few as several days up to months at a stretch. Summer rentals are usually from Saturday to Saturday only (July & August). This type accommodation belongs to a private party, and can range from basic to luxurious. A particular advantage, aside from competitive prices, is that the accommodations come with fully fitted kitchens.

Hundreds of agencies offer accommodation for short term rentals on behalf of the owner, and can guide you into finding the best property, at the best price in the most suitable location for you. An internet search for the location and type of property you're looking for will usually return the names of several listing sites, each of which may have hundreds or thousands of properties for you to choose from. .There are plenty of sites in both English and French, and the rental properties may be owned by people of any nationality.^ It said the king told Olmert that "in order to foster confidence in the peace process, it was critical to show people on both sides of the conflict that there are credible partners for peace."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France is a diverse and colourful country, and you'll find everything from stunning log chalets in the Alps, Chateaux in the countryside and beach front villas on the Riviera...plus everything in between!

Hotels

Hotels come in 4 categories from 1 to 4 stars. This is the official rating given by the Ministry of Tourism, and it is posted at the entrance on a blue shield. Stars are awarded according to objective yet somewhat outdated administrative criteria (area of the reception hall, percentage of rooms with ensuite bathroom...).

Rates vary according to accommodation, location and sometimes high or low season or special events.

As of 2004, the rate for a *** hotel listed in a reliable guidebook falls between €70 (cheap) and €110 (expensive) for a double without breakfast.

All hotels, by law, must have their rates posted outside (or visible from outside). Note that these are maximal rates: a hotel can always propose a lower rate in order to fill up its rooms. Bargaining is not the norm but you can always ask for a discount.

Hotels located in city centers or near train stations are often very small (15 to 30 rooms) which means that you should book ahead. .Many newer hotels, business oriented, are found in the outskirts of cities and are sometimes larger structures (100 rooms or more); they may not be easy to reach with public transportation.^ Since then, students say, more than 100 liberal professors have been forced into retirement and many popular figures have been demoted.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The latter two testimonials are significant because they were corroborated by still other more public Palestinians, indicating that the responsibility of the Arab leaders is known in the Palestinian world.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The newer hotels are often part of national or international chains and have high standards. .Many older hotels are now part of chains and provide standardized service but they retain their own atmosphere.^ We now have a new service dedicated to those Tablet Hotels users traveling with children that searches only the verified kid-friendly hotels.

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ Somebody else told me that he thought "the true Carter is coming out now" and explained this by hinting that people "when they get older, tend to reveal what they really think."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

When visiting Paris, it is essential to stay in the city; there are cheaper tourism hotels in the suburbs, but these cater to groups in motor coaches; they will be hard to reach by public transportation.

.Along the highways, at the entrance of cities, you find US-like motels ; they are very often reachable only by car.^ "We think they've done this on purpose to frighten us; to send a message that if you want to be politically active you will have problems in the future," he says.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Some motels (e.g. .Formule 1) have minimal service, if you come in late you find an ATM-like machine, using credit cards, which will deliver a code in order to reach your assigned room.^ What has happened unfortunately in those six months is that despite your best efforts you have been unable to reach agreement on that national unity government.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

B & B's and Gîtes

Throughout France, mainly in rural areas but also in towns and cities, you can find B&Bs and gîtes. .B&B's are known in French as "Chambres d'hôtes", and are generally available on a nightly basis, possibly with breakfast but not always; gites or gites ruraux are holiday cottages, and generally rented out as a complete accommodation unit including a kitchen, mostly on a weekly basis.^ Shamsher is known to be a committed liar, who had been lying with various important figures in the United States , including members of US Congress.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

There are very few near or in the cities. Finding them requires buying a guide or, for greater choice, using the internet, as you will not find a lot of signposts on the road.

Traditionally, gites provided basic good value accommodation, typically adjacent to the owners household or in a nearby outbuilding. .More recently the term has been extended, and can now be used to describe most country-based self-catering accommodation in France.^ After the courts convicted a number of soccer referees of match fixing in recent years, the sport now faces veritable bankruptcy in terms of the trust of fans.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Hence it includes accommodation as varied as small cottages villas with private swimming pools.

During peak summer months most self-catering gites require booking several months in advance.

There are thousands of B&Bs and gites in France rented out by foreign owners, particularly British and Dutch, and these tend to be listed, sometimes exclusively, with English-language or international organisations and websites that can be found by keying the words "gites" or "gites de france" into any of the major search engines.

.There is a large number of organisations and websites offering "gites". Literally the French word gite just means a place to spend the night; however it now largely used to describe rental cottages or self-catering holiday homes, usually in rural parts of France.^ In other words, you just have to get used to it.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For its part, "Echoes of France" is fiercely anti-French.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Gîtes de France

.A France-wide cooperative organisation, Gites de France [24] (Note the capital letters), regroups on a voluntarily basis more than 50,000 rural accommodations and was the first in France to offer a consistent rating system with comprehensive descriptions.^ More than 233,000 candidates ran for more than 113,000 council seats in cities, towns and villages across the vast nation on Friday.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The town's Christian population has dwindled from more than 85 per cent in 1948 to 12 per cent of its 60,000 inhabitants in 2006.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There are also student guilds, which are independent, and more than 2,000 student publications.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Despite the name, Gites de France offers B&B as well as holiday rental (gite) accommodation.The average B&B price for two including breakfast is €45-50. It is possible to rent just for a weekend, and in a group of 4 or more this becomes very cheap, especially outside the summer months.^ Destination by Name for a Family Drivable from my big city for a Vacation with a Deal for a Group Just added: .

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ Should it fail to turn things around, the whole world, especially the Middle East, will become much more unstable.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

There are many gites to rent for under €150 for the whole weekend, that will sleep 5 or more people comfortably.

The "Gites de France" rating system uses wheat stalks called Epis (equivalent to stars), based on amenities rather than quality - though generally the two go together.

Through its website, bookings can be done directly with owners or through the local Gîtes de France booking agency (no extra fee for the traveler). Although an English language version is available for many of the website pages, for some departments, the pages giving details of an individual gite are only in French. .The advantages of booking through the agency are that it is often possible to book on-line, payments can by made by credit/debit card and there will be someone who can be contacted by phone or e-mail who speaks English.^ There are women who were drawn into terrorism through Internet chat groups with men from the Arab world.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Some French language skills might be necessary if you are dealing directly with the owner. Prices are usually competitive since they are initially geared to the local market. A 25% non refundable payment is standard policy at the time of booking. After making the booking you will receive, by post, a contract to sign. Sign and return one copy. .When signing write the words "Read and approved", and the name of your home town, before signing and dating the contract.^ The sign read: "In this town I'm the biggest swine / Because of the Jewish friends of mine."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The remaining 75% of the hire charge will be required one month before the start of your holiday. When you arrive at the gite a security deposit, specified in the contact, should be given to the owner in cash. This will be returned at the end of your stay, less any fuel charges and breakages. In case of dispute with the owner the organisation will mediate since its rating system is at stake.

Gîtes d'étape

Another possibility is gîtes d'étape. These are more like overnight stays for hikers, like a mountain hut. .They are mostly much cheaper than the Gîtes de France but also much more basic.^ Israel's ambassador to Egypt, Shalom Cohen, describes the relationship as much friendlier and more far-reaching than do many Egyptian academics and community leaders.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This view is much more widespread among Hamas supporters (88%) and those who do not trust any faction (64%) than among Fateh supporters (26%).

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ After all, the Syrian regime, which has a regular army and government institutions, is much more vulnerable to an Israeli military-aerial response than Hizbullah.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Camping

Camping is very common in France. Most campsite are a little way out of the city centre and virtually all cater not just for tents but for Camper Vans/Caravans also. While all campsites have the basic facilities of Shower/toilet blocks, larger sites tend to offer a range of additional facilities such as bars and restaurants, self-service laundries, swimming pools or bicycle hire. All campsites except for very small "farm camping" establishments must be registered with the authorities, and are officially graded using a system of stars.

.In coastal areas, three-star and four-star campgrounds must generally be booked in advance during the months of July and August, and many people book from one year to the next.^ Wednesday saw a record number of Qassam rockets launched in one day during the ceasefire which was declared last month.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Stein is the Emory University Professor who resigned from the Carter Center after being a member for many years, following the publication of the book.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ At one point, the head of a moderate student guild complained to Mr. Ahmadinejad that students were being expelled for political activities and given three stars next to their names in university records, barring them from re-entering.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In rural areas, outside of popular tourist spots, it is usually possible to show up unannounced, and find a place; this is particularly true with the municipal campsites that can be found in most small towns; though even then it may be advisable to ring up or email in advance to make sure.^ Meanwhile, the breakdown in security is putting off tourists, leading to economic hardship for Christians, who own most of the town's hotels, restaurants and souvenir shops.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Basing themselves on a shallow assumption that Syria wants to avoid civil war in Iraq (even though it may be the state most responsible for triggering one), the "engagers" have put little effort into showing how Assad might be compelled to end his destabilization of Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The landing site has yet to be located, but the rocket apparently landed in an open area outside the southern town.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

There are always exceptions.

In France it's forbidden to camp:

in woods, natural, regional and national parks
on public roads and streets
on the seaside
less than 200 meters from watering place used for human consumption
on natural protected sites
less than 500 meters from a protected monument
everywhere where it's forbidden by local laws
on private properties without the owner's consent.

Learn

France, of course, is the best place to acquire, maintain and develop your French. A number of institutions offer a variety of courses for travellers:

Ecole Interculturelle de français pour étrangers [25].

Inflexyon [26].

Alliance Française, [27].

ESL-Ecole Suisse de Langues, learn French in Lyon with ESL [28].

Work

.Citizens of EU countries (save from some Eastern European countries, for a temporary period) can work in France without having to secure a work permit.^ Some simple questions are sufficient to clarify this issue: can security and stability be achieved in Iraq without the approval of Iran?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

If you're from outside the EU, you will probably need a work permit - check with the French Embassy in your country. .Depending on your qualifications, you can find a lot of different jobs.^ Even if you are lucky enough to get a job, the pay would not be enough for you to pay your rent."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Do not forget though that the unemployment rate is around 9%.

Note that if you are not from the EU, you cannot work legally in France without a proper work visa or employment permit. Doing so otherwise makes you an illegal alien, potentially subject to possible arrest, prosecution, expulsion, and prohibition from reentering France and the Schengen area.

If you want to earn money to continue traveling, Interim agencies (e.g. Adecco, Manpower) are a good source of temporary jobs. .You can also consider working in bars, restaurants, and/or nightclubs (they are often looking for English-speaking workers, particularly those restaurants in tourist areas - fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's and Quick are also always looking for people).^ It is always open for people to participate provided they participate on the same basis as everybody else, but if they are not prepared to do so there is no way forward with them.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.A lot of "student jobs", if you happen to be in a big city, are also available for younger travelers, and foreigners are often very welcome.^ And once again Mr President thank you very much for welcoming me here today.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Such jobs include, for example, giving private English lessons, taking care of young children or many other things...check out the university buildings, they often have a lot of advertisements.^ The Jewish community advises parents to send their children to Jewish schools in case of conflicts, pointing out that there they will at least be safe.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

An easy way to find job offers in France is to use Trovit.fr [29], search engine for job offers in France.

Don't forget that being an English speaker is a big advantage when you're looking for a job - French employers really have a problem finding English-speaking workers. Do note, however, that it will be much easier for you if you know a bit of French, for the same reason (your colleagues are not likely to speak English). .However, don't overestimate your chances of finding work; in March 2005 unemployment is back at 10%, and a whopping 22% among under-25's....^ In the absence of Syrian flexibility, however, March 14 will stick with the tribunal as the only weapon it can deploy, and for the moment it has the backing of the international community.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

many of whom speak or understand English. .There are a lot more people looking for jobs than there are jobs - except those unattractive jobs that no-one wants to do.^ It is no longer there," he told the FT. "I don't want to say there is a sense of 'I told you so' but there is a sense that people are realising in Western capitals that if you want to be influential in the Middle East, you have to come through Damascus."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Yet there's one thing that is more important to the Syrian president than those two strategic matters, and that is the regime's survivability.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It receives more than $1 billion a year in U.S. foreign aid, more than any other country on Earth except Israel.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The French work market tends to operate through personal contacts - if you know someone that works somewhere, you can probably figure out quite an easy way to work at that place too.^ And I think you probably also you know misjudge where people are in this region.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It always helps to know people living in the area you wish to work.^ And I think you probably also you know misjudge where people are in this region.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "You should know that what happened at Polytechnic University was the voice of universities and the real voice of the people," they wrote.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In France you will find jobs on CadrEmploi [30].

Stay safe

Crimes

.Crime-related emergencies can be reported to the toll-free number 17. Law enforcement forces are the National Police (Police Nationale) in urban area and the Gendarmerie in rural area, though for limited issues such as parking and traffic offenses some towns and villages also have a municipal police.^ More than 233,000 candidates ran for more than 113,000 council seats in cities, towns and villages across the vast nation on Friday.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Over the past two years, Syria has built a number of villages along the border with Israel, some inhabited and some not.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France is not a high crime area but large cities are plagued with the usual woes. Violent crime against tourists or strangers is rather rare, but there is a significant amount of pickpocketing and purse-snatching.

The inner city areas and a few select suburbs are usually safe at all hours. In large cities, especially Paris, there are a few areas which are better to avoid. .Parts of the suburban are sometimes grounds for youth gang violent activities and drug dealing; however these are almost always far from touristic points and you should have no reason to visit them.^ However, anyone interested in the honor of these countries should be promoting talks with Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen).

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ According to intelligence estimates, Iran will cross the technological point of no return when these centrifuges work non-stop for three months.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Israeli newspapers this morning quote Israeli sources saying that they attach no special significance to your visit, and also that you only go on these kind of trips when you are weak at home.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Common sense applies: it is very easy to spot derelict areas.

.The subject of crime in the poorer suburbs is very touchy as it may easily have racist overtones, since many people associate it with working-class youth of North African origin.^ "By attending a conference called to promote the denial of the Holocaust at which many of the most virulent deniers are present, he is guilty by association whatever gloss he may wish to put on participation.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

You should probably not express any opinion on the issue.

.If driving along the AutoRoutes particulary near Nice be warned of a robbery that has become incresingly common in recent years.^ Formerly a boon to the economy, the number of Israeli tourists has dwindled significantly in recent years due to political tensions, warnings from the Israeli government and fear of terrorist attacks.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Gangs either in cars or on motorcycle surround cars (especially foreign and rental cars) and force them to stop. During this time the crooks smash your windows and grab what they can. If it appears that a gang is attempting to rob you, remain calm and keep driving. Get off at the next rest area, these are nearly always well Policed. .Gangs will usually give up if you pull into a rest stop.^ The statement was reassuring on Lebanese sovereignty, but also showed why wondering about what to do with Assad can often end up being another way of saying: What do you give Assad?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Contrary to what Lonely Planet guides would have you believe Smash and grab attacks on cars stopped at red lights are very rare and where it does happen, the intersections are usually only located in busy town and city areas that are well policed.^ She usually does not have a history of broad organizational activity, but rather her affiliation begins close to the attack itself, either shortly before or shortly afterwards.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ They also believed that an ugly woman who reached paradise after having carried out a terrorist attack, would become beautiful.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The landing site has yet to be located, but the rocket apparently landed in an open area outside the southern town.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

If you are traveling alone, especially if you are a woman, you should avoid using public transportation at night time (e.g. Noctambus in Paris) especially on links between the city center and the suburbs.

Usual caution apply for tourists flocking around sights as they may become targets for pickpockets.

While it is not compulsory for French citizens to carry identification, they usually do so. Foreigners should carry some kind of official identity document. .Although random checks are not the norm you may be asked for an ID in some kinds of situations, for example if you cannot show a valid ticket when using public transportation; not having one in such cases will result in you being taken to a police station for further checks.^ The result is that such women, according to the standards of the society in which they live, cannot be both terrorists and "good women."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It may be mentioned here that, before submitting the 'Charge Sheet', investigation agencies did investigate my case for more than one year and they could not find any such allegation against me of having a 'criminal past'.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Although Nasser was not the one who originally came up with the idea of such a movement.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Even if you feel that law enforcement officers have no right to check your identity (they can only do so in certain circumstances), it is a bad idea to enter a legal discussion with them; better to put up with it and show ID. Again, the subject is touchy as the police have often been accused of targeting people according to criteria of ethnicity : délit de sale gueule = "odd face misdemeanor".

Due to the terrorist factor, police, with the help of military units, are patrolling monuments, the Paris subway, train stations and airports. Depending on the status of the "Vigipirate" plan (anti terrorist units) it is not uncommon to see armed patrols in those areas. The presence of police is of help for tourists, as it also deters pickpockets and the like. However, suspicious behaviour, public disturbances etc., may result in policemen asking to see an ID.

In France, failing to offer assistance to 'a person in danger' is illegal. This means that if you fail to stop upon witnessing a motor accident, fail to report such an accident to emergency services, or ignore appeals for help or urgent assistance, you may be charged. Penalties include suspended prison sentence and fines. The law does not apply in situations where to answer an appeal for help might endanger your life or the lives of others.

Controlled substances

Carrying or using narcotic substances, from marijuana to hard drugs, is illegal whatever the quantity. The penalty can be severe especially if you are suspected of dealing. Trains and cars coming from countries which have a more lenient attitude (e.g. the Netherlands) are especially targeted. .Police have often been known to stop entire coaches and search every passenger and their bags thouroughly just because they're coming from Amsterdam.^ "It's extremely important that there's that voice on campus because that's the only way they're going to change their mind."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ But they're just adding to the already loud chorus of condemnation of Israel that we've been experiencing for many, many years."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France has a liberal policy with respect to alcohol; there are usually no ID checks for purchasing alcohol (if you look older than 18, of course!^ There was of course no shortage of clues about Carter's sympathies in his earlier books.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There is simply no way that Iraq can be stabilized without America moving from a policy of disengagement to one of engagement with these two major regional spoilers.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

) However, causing problems due to public drunkenness is a misdemeanor and may result in a night in a police station until the person can behave themselves. Drunk driving is a severe offense and may result in heavy fines and jail sentences.

A little etiquette note: while it is common to drink beer straight from the bottle at informal meetings, doing the same with wine is normally only done by bums (clochards).

Stay healthy

Medical help

The health care in France is considered to be in very high standards. .The World Health Organization (WHO) even considers France's health care to be one of the best in the world (In addition, the WHO ranks their health care to be number one).^ One even said, "I want a man with muscles who will be strong and rule me, and not let me rule him."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In addition, a woman who was forced by a terrorist organization to carry out a terrorist attack, even though she only meant to participate in training to satisfy her social needs, could not ask her family for help lest her father discover what she had done.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Pharmacies in France are denoted by a green cross, usually in neon. .Contrary to the US habit, they don't double as general stores, and only sell medicine, contraceptives and often beauty and related products (though these can be very expensive).^ The activists told him that they intended to blow the store up if he continued to sell CD's and cosmetics that "offend morals and the Muslim religion."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Medicines must be ordered from the counter, even for non-prescription medicines. The pharmacist is able to help you about various medicines and can propose you generic drugs.

.Since drug brand names vary across countries even though the effective ingredients stay the same, it is better to carry prescriptions using the international nomenclature in addition to the commercial brand name.^ In 2001, Carter even traveled to the country to accept the Zayed International Prize for the Environment, named for Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan, the late UAE potentate and former president-for-life.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Prescription drugs, including oral contraceptives (aka "the pill"), will only be delivered if a doctor's prescription is shown.

In addition, supermarkets sell condoms (préservatifs) and also often personal lubricant, bandages, disinfectant and other minor medical helps. Préservatif machines are often found outside pharmacies and in bar toilets etc.

Medical treatment can be obtained from self-employed physicians, clinics and hospitals. Most general practitioners, specialists (e.g. gynecologists), and dentists are self-employed; look for signs saying Docteur (médicine générale = general practitioner, etc.). The normal price for a consultation with a general practitioner is €21, though some physicians charge more (this is the full price and not a co-payment). Physicians may also do home calls, but these are more expensive.

Residents of the European Union are covered by the French social security system, which will reimburse or directly pay for 70% of health expenses (30% co-payment) in general, though many physicians and surgeons apply surcharges. .Other travellers are not covered and will be billed the full price, even if at a public hospital; non-EU travellers should thus probably have a travel insurance covering medical costs.^ I was told by the senior government official even recently that the only way for me to travel abroad was on specific medical ground with court permission.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Note, however, that, in general, medical fees in France, even when paying the full price, are low compared to those in the United States.^ However, it must be recalled that another voice is being heard in the United States - that of the Baker-Hamilton Iraq Study Group, which recommends opening contacts with Syria.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Iran says its nuclear program will only be used for peaceful aims, such as electricity generation, and not to make bombs as United States and its European allies fear.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ By contrast, the United States pushed for very tough sanctions, with Britain and France taking a slightly softer view.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Emergencies

Hospitals will have an emergency room signposted Urgences.

The following numbers are toll-free:

15 Medical emergencies
17 Law enforcement emergencies (for e.g. reporting a crime)
18 Firefighters
112 European standard emergency numbers.

Operators at these numbers can transfer requests to other services if needed (e.g. some medical emergencies may be answered by firefighter groups).

Smoking

Smoking is prohibited by law in all enclosed spaces accessible to the public (this includes train and subway cars, train and subway station enclosures, workplaces, restaurants and cafés) unless in areas specifically designated for smoking, and there are few of these. There was an exception for restaurants and cafés, but since the 1st January 2008, the smoking ban law is also enforced there. You may face a fine of €68 if you are found smoking in these places.

Though no smoking rules in cafes and restaurants exist, they are widely flouted. The French have a seemingly ignorant habit of disregarding 'stupid laws' so if you are particularly sensitive to cigarette smoke ask either for an outside table or sit near an open window. Be warned in summer when the majority of France is overrun by a heatwave the smell of nicotine becomes stronger and makes eating out hell for asthma sufferers.

Smoking is banned in métro and trains, as well as enclosed stations. .Subway and train conductors do enforce the law and will fine you for smoking in non-designated places; if you encounter problems with a smoker in train, you may go find the conductor.^ Question: President Abbas, are you still going to go ahead with the elections despite the violence and the fighting in Gaza, and if elections take place are you going to run for President again?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

As hotels are not considered as public places, some offer smoking vs non-smoking rooms.

Only people over the age 16 may purchase tobacco products. Shopkeepers may request a photo ID.

Respect

Loudness

It is considered very rude to be loud in a crowded place, such as a subway car or restaurant. Keep in mind that, though you may be enjoying your holiday, most people around you in the métro or other places are probably going to or back from work and may be tired and thus will react very coolly to tourists babbling at the top of their lungs.

Dress code

Dress codes are fast disappearing all over the country but very few French people will wear white sneakers, baseball caps, tracksuit pants and flip-flops (except at the beach). Nobody will tell you anything, you will just be labeled as a tourist. Generally speaking, business casual dress code is sufficient in cities and in all but the most formal occasions.

People won't be offended (although they may be surprised, especially in rural areas) if you wear clothing that is unusual in France, such as a sari, a Scottish kilt, or djelabas.

Usual courtesy apply when entering churches, and although you may not be asked to leave, it is better to avoid short pants and halter tops.

.Some restaurants will frown if you come in dressed for trekking but very few will insist upon a jacket and tie.^ We have had a very detailed discussion today and some of those discussions obviously involve issues that I want to take further with other parties, as indeed you do as well.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.At the same time you'll be surprised by the number of French twenty-somethings who show up at a grungy bar in jacket and tie, even if obviously from a thrift-shop.^ Women who are caught and sent to jail also suffer the fear of missed motherhood, since even behind bars their biological clocks continue ticking.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French who have not yet converted to Islam, in order to show the bastards which [of us] is the more civilized."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The statement was reassuring on Lebanese sovereignty, but also showed why wondering about what to do with Assad can often end up being another way of saying: What do you give Assad?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Beaches and swimming pools (in hotels) are used for getting a tan. Taking off your bra will not usually create a stir if you don't mind a bevy of oglers. Taking off the bottom part is reserved to designated nude beaches. People on beaches are usually not offended by a young boy or girl dressed or undressed without covering. Most resort cities insist on your wearing a shirt when leaving the beach area. Many pools will not allow baggy or "board" swim trunks insisting on snug fitting speedo type trunks.

Breast feeding in public is very rare but nobody will mind or call the police if you do.

Talking to people

If you try to use your French to address people be careful about the use of "tu" (informal, friendly, and called tutoyer; which is a verb, to call someone "tu") and "vous" (formal, respectful, and called vouvoyer; vb. to call someone vous) forms. .Using tu can be demeaning to people, since this is the form normally used for addressing children or close friends.^ It's a phrase from the Nazi era, used to humiliate people with Jewish friends.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.People who do not know each other well seldom use their first name to introduce themselves.^ We can't do that however unless it is done with people who accept the very basis of that two state solution, namely that we have two states.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ I am continuously getting threats from that Mufti, his people as well those BNP leaders who attacked my office in October, looted cash and physically assaulted me.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Refrain from using someone's first name unless you are invited to do so or if you are with people used to dealing with foreigners.^ We can't do that however unless it is done with people who accept the very basis of that two state solution, namely that we have two states.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Actually French people will use the "tu" and the "vous", "first name" or "surname" depending on their relationship and the code is not easy to learn.

If that's confusing (or not confusing enough) the key is that it's all about distance. .For example a bartender is vous up until the moment that he or she gives you a complementary drink, at which point tu becomes more appropriate, and the use of vous would be a bit off-putting.^ I said when I was here before that I would come back, I have come back again and I will not rest for a single moment until we have delivered what we both want to see.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The statement was reassuring on Lebanese sovereignty, but also showed why wondering about what to do with Assad can often end up being another way of saying: What do you give Assad?

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.For foreigners, the best way to deal with the "tu" and "vous" problem is to address people using "vous" until invited to say "tu", or until addressed by the first name.^ Abbas insisted his Fatah movement was still open to the formation of a unity government of technocrats, saying in prepared remarks that this was the "best way forward".

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Doing so will look perhaps a shade old fashioned, but always respectful, while doing otherwise can be pretty rude and embarrassing in some situations. .Always use the "vous" form to a law enforcement officer (or other person of authority), even if he may (though he ought not) use the "tu" form to talk to you.^ "Talk to Syria, and like many Israelis are saying, 'even if you think it's a bluff you have nothing to lose.'"

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ No law and no order Even now the Palestinian Authority is falling apart, the government is not functioning and civil systems are on the verge of collapse.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The proponents of negotiations with Iran rule out any use of force to eliminate the Iranian nuclear infrastructure, even if all other means of diplomacy and sanctions fail.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Simplified: Use vous unless:

the person is genuinely your friend;
the person is under 16; or
you've been explicitly told to use "tu"

Sensitive topics

France is not exactly the same country that one sees portrayed on American television. Its people have a wide variety of opinions about many subjects. .Unless you really follow French news closely, you should probably steer clear of discussing internal French politics, especially sensitive issues such as immigration - you probably don't know much about them and will come across as judgmental and uninformed.^ They contain clear statements about what is allowed and what is prohibited, a kind of practical summary of the main arguments that Justice Aharon Barak discussed at length.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ And if you believe him, the convention did discuss ways to bring the Leftists in the Arab world and the Islamists on a single political platform.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ And I think you probably also you know misjudge where people are in this region.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Reading French newspapers to get a feel for the wide spectrum of political opinions in France – from the revolutionary left to the nationalistic right – would help.

The French seldom advertise their religious feelings, however, and expect you to do so as well. .Doing so would make people quite not at ease.^ Prime Minister Olmert said that Israel would take immediate and concrete steps in order to ease humanitarian conditions for the Palestinian people.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

It is also generally considered nosey to inquire about religious or other personal issues. You should also avoid presenting yourself through what you own (house, car...). .Do not mention how much you are making in your job until being clearly asked about it, it would otherwise be considered obscene.^ You want the two state solution, you are a leader of moderation and tolerance and you are showing and demonstrating how you are prepared to shoulder your responsibilities in achieving that.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Even if you are lucky enough to get a job, the pay would not be enough for you to pay your rent."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ And, if this is to be considered as 'disclosing information about the government', let me ask a straight question to Shamsher, do you represent any Taliban or pro-Al Qaeda government.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Instead express your enthusiasm about how great are the responsibilities, or how lucky you were to get there.^ You want the two state solution, you are a leader of moderation and tolerance and you are showing and demonstrating how you are prepared to shoulder your responsibilities in achieving that.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Even if you are lucky enough to get a job, the pay would not be enough for you to pay your rent."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Jokes about alleged French military cowardice will be reacted to very coolly. France lost a tremendous amount of soldiers during the First World War in order to defend itself. .Not only such jokes will not make anybody laugh, but also you will be considered arrogant and ignorant.^ Iran says its nuclear program will only be used for peaceful aims, such as electricity generation, and not to make bombs as United States and its European allies fear.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.These jokes are also far off the truth when one looks at the number of wars France has waged during the 20th century.^ Wednesday saw a record number of Qassam rockets launched in one day during the ceasefire which was declared last month.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Anti-French feelings, especially popular amongst the British and Americans, can be fueled by the inadvertent reduction of France to Paris, that is, that all French people act like Parisians, when this is quite far from the truth.^ British and French diplomats, who had been hoping for a vote Friday, said a delay was likely.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For its part, "Echoes of France" is fiercely anti-French.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Many rural people say that France is a blessed country, the inference drawn that it is cursed by Paris (or the Government. This also included the Germans, but is rare since the 50s). .Paris is a fairly unusual city by French standards and life there is, in some respects, closer to life in London or New York City than in the rest of France.^ "There has not been any nation in the world that has been more cooperative than Saudi Arabia," the New York Times quoted Mr. Carter June 1977, thus making the Saudis a major factor in U. S. foreign policy.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.A traveler's experiences with French culture in Paris should be treated as one would treat an experience in the traveler's own country's largest cities; that is, the locals are hurried and "have seen it all". No doubt an American would not consider a trip to New York City as a typical American experience.^ The first strike on the city, which occurred in the early evening, shattered some windows on a local structure, and several people were treated for shock.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "If Qassams were being fired on Tel Aviv or Ramat Aviv, I have no doubt that the government would have acted long ago to eradicate the phenomenon."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Now I hope and believe that that can be done, but I would like to make one thing very, very clear from not just my own country's position, but I think this should be the position of the international community today.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Reserve judgement until having traveled far afield of Paris.

Contact

Phones

Country code : +33

All french numbers have 10 digits. The first two digits are:

01 for Parisian region
02 for Northwest
03 for Northeast
04 for Southeast
05 for Southwest
06 for the cellphones
07 will be affected for the cellphones during 2010.
08 have special prices (from free to very costly) (Skype numbers start with 08).
09 if they are attached to Voice over IP telephones connected to DSL modems from French DSL providers that integrate such functions.

See this page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_France

.You cannot drop the first two digits even if your call remains within the same area.^ You want the two state solution, you are a leader of moderation and tolerance and you are showing and demonstrating how you are prepared to shoulder your responsibilities in achieving that.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Even if you are lucky enough to get a job, the pay would not be enough for you to pay your rent."

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The initial '0' may be replaced by some other digit or longer code indicating a choice of long-distance operator. Don't use this unless explicitly told to.

When speaking phone numbers, people will usually group the digits by sets of two. For example, 02 47 66 41 18 will be said as "zero-two forty-seven sixty-six forty-one eighteen" (but in French, of course). The two-digit pair 00 is said as "zero zero", not "double zero". for example if your phone number is 02 47 66 41 18 in france it would be an would be said as zéro deux/quarante-sept/soixante-six/quarante et un/dix-huit.

You can to visit this site to find instructions about the nationals and internationals calls: [31]

To enjoy cheap international calls from France travelers can get a local France Sim Card [32] online before they leave or use low-cost dial-around services such as appellemonde [33] or allo2556 [34]. Dial-around services are directly available from any landline in France. No contract, no registration is required. Most dial-around services allows you to call USA, Canada, Western Europe and many other countries at local rate (tarif local) so you can easily save on your phone bill. They also work from payphones, though the first minute is surcharged by France Telecom. To know how to order a landline (ligne fixe) in France you can click on landline providers in France [35]. Another method, if you stay long, is to use VoIP over DSL, such as the Livebox or Freebox service (free long distance calls within France and to a number of countries).

To call a french number from abroad, dial: international prefix + 33 + local number without the leading 0. For example: ++33 247 664 118

There are few companies which provide toll-free numbers (starting with 08 00) but many have numbers starting with 081, for which you pay the cost of a local call regardless of where you are in the country.

Numbers starting with 089 are (heavily) surtaxed. .They provide service to some legitimate businesses but the ones you see advertised all over the country are usually for adult services.^ Not everyone approves of the tactics of some of the demonstrators, but the strength of their feeling and their common bond is there for all to see.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Everyone is particularly sensitive when they are the ones being criticized, Rickman said, adding that some people consider anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism to be the same thing.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "Residents of the area live in constant fear and they must be provided the same peace and quiet as the rest of the countries residents," Tal concluded.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Emergency numbers are 15 (medical aid), 17 (police station) and 18 (fire/rescue). You can also use the European emergency number 112 (perhaps a better choice if you don't speak French). These calls are free, and are accessible from virtually any phone, including locked cellphones. In case of a serious emergency, if you find a code-protected cellphone, enter a random code three times: the phone will lock, but you will be able to dial emergency numbers.

Phone booths are available in train or subway stations, bus stops, near tourist attractions etc. There is at least one phone booth in every village (look on the main plaza). .Due to the widespread use of mobile phones there are now fewer booths than a few years ago.^ Fear attacks may worsen A few weeks ago another businesses selling CD's and mobile phones was set on fire in Khan Younis.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Only a few years ago they had the world in their pocket.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ And there is mobile phone footage from a demonstration in the summer at which the posters make it pretty clear what the students think of their new Ayatollah-turned-chancellor.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Most use a card (no coins). France Télécom public phones accept CB/Visa/Mastercard cards, but almost always only these with a microchip. Otherwise, post offices, café-tabacs (recognizable by a red sign hanging outside), and stores that sell magazines sell phone cards. Ask for a "carte telephonique"; these come with differing units of credit, so you may want to specify "petit" if you just want to make a short local call or two. If you get the kind with a computer chip in it, you just have to slide it into the phone, listen for the dial tone, and dial. The US-style cards require you to dial a number and then enter a code (but with spoken instructions in French).

France uses the GSM standard of cellular phones (900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands) used in most of the world outside of the U.S. There are several companies (Orange, SFR/simpleo, Virgin Mobile, and Bouygues Telecom) offering wireless service. The country is almost totally covered but you may have difficulties using your mobile phone in rural or mountainous areas. However, for emergency numbers, the three companies are required by law to accept your call if they technically can, even if you are not one of their customers, thus maximizing your chance of being helped even in areas with spotty service.

If you stay for some time, it may be advisable to buy a pre-paid cell phone card that you can use in any phone that supports the GSM standard on the 900/1800 Mhz bands. Then incoming calls are free. You can get it from most mobile service provider (Orange, SFR and Bouygues Telecom), but they have a very short validity of the card, if you don't recharge it.

Minitel

The Minitel is a now obsolete system of text terminals that were deployed in French households from the 1980s. Their main use was the phone directory (thus relieving the need for bulky collections of paper directories), but it also allowed online retailing (extension of mail order), ticket bookings etc., and was also popular for games, chat rooms... and sex-focused services.

This system still exists, companies will list their Minitel code as 36 15 (the dial-up number to get a connection) + the name of the service (to be typed in on the Minitel keyboard).

Posters advertising sex chat services ("3615 Ulla") were a common sight in French streets and shop windows, and certainly a puzzlement to the visitors unacquainted with the existence of a device which had found its place in the nation's everyday life.

The main advantages of Minitel over the Internet were simplicity (no need for a costly, difficult to operate personal computer) as well as safety (no "phishing" or fears about transmitting sensitive data such as credit cards numbers).

.A few Minitels may still be found in some post offices (great for looking free of charge in the White or Yellow Pages), and a few phone booths are still equipped with one - but no, now this is totally unlikely.^ Some hotels may charge extra for a rollaway bed or a crib - depending upon age.

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

Internet

Internet access is available in cyber cafes all over large and medium-sized cities. Service is usually around €4 per hour.

In all major cities, there are multiple companies offering residential broadband service. Typical prices are €30 a month for unmetered ADSL (in speeds up to 24 megabits per second), digital HDTV over DSL and free unlimited voice-over-IP phone calls to land lines within France and about twenty other countries (EU,US,...) with external SIP access too (the price includes a modem/routeur/switch with integrated WiFi MiMo access point). Broadband services are very common in France, all over the country.

You'll also find wifi access (in Paris) in a lot of cafés usually those labelled a bit "trendy". There will be a sign on the door or on the wall. Also look for the @ symbol prominently displayed, which indicates internet availability. However, with most homes now wired for the internet, cyber cafes are increasingly hard to find, especially outside the major cities. In Paris, one popular WIFI free spot is the Pompidou Center. There is talk that the city intends to become the first major European capital providing free WIFI coverage for the whole city. Public parks and libraries in Paris are also covered.

Post

Post offices are found in all cities and villages but their time of operation vary. In the main cities the downtown office may be open during lunchtime, typically 09:00 to 18:00. Most offices are only open on Saturday morning and there is only one office in Paris which is open 24 hours and 365 days (in rue du Louvre).

Letter boxes are colored in yellow.

Parcels

International delivery services like FedEx, UPS, are available in cities, however you generally have to call them for them to come to you as they have very few physical locations.

Another option is to simply use La Poste with a wide network around the country and the same services as its competitors.

Electricity, water, etc.

Electricity is supplied at 220 to 230V 50Hz. Outlets are CEE7/5 (protruding male earth pin) and accept either CEE 7/5 (Grounded), CEE 7/7 (Grounded) or CEE 7/16 (non-grounded) plugs. Older German-type CEE 7/4 plugs are not compatible as they do not accommodate the earth pin found on this type of outlet. However, most modern European appliances are fitted with the hybrid CEE 7/7 plug which fits both CEE 7/5 (Belgium & France) and CEE 7/4 (Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and most of Europe) outlets.

Travellers from the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland and other countries using 230V 50Hz which use different plugs simply require a plug adaptor to use their appliances in France. Plug adaptors for plugs from the US and UK are available from electrical and "do-it-yourself" stores such as Bricorama.

Travellers from the US, Canada, Japan and other countries using 110V 60Hz may need a voltage converter. However, some laptops, mobile phone chargers and other devices can accept either 110V or 230V so only require a simple plug adaptor. Check the voltage rating plates on your appliances before connecting them.

Tap water (Eau du robinet) is drinkable, except in rare cases such as rural rest areas and sinks in train bathrooms, in which case it will be clearly signposted as Eau non potable. Eau potable is drinkable water. (You may, however, not like the taste which may be chlorinated or so, and prefer bottled water.)

Toilets are available in restaurants, cafés; there are also public facilities, which generally charge a fee. Note that American euphemisms such as "restroom", "washroom" etc. will often not be understood; ask for "toilets". In older public facilities, particularly those that do not charge or isolated rest areas, you may encounter squat toilets.

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From Wikisource

France
disambiguation

This is a disambiguation page, which lists works which share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

France may refer to:

Texts

France: An Ode
For France

Reference articles

1911 encyclopedia

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

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Wiktionary

Up to date as of January 14, 2010

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

Wikipedia has an article on:

France

Wikipedia

See also france

1 English
2 French
3 Old French
- 3.1 Etymology
- 3.2 Proper noun

English

Most common English words: mine « wild « front « #576: France » London » save » length

Etymology

From French France, Old French France, Latin Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe. Compare Frankish

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA: /ˈfɹɑːns/
(UK) IPA: /ˈfɹænts/
Audio (US)^{help, file}
Rhymes: -ɑːns

Proper noun

Singular
France

Plural
-

France

A country in Western Europe having borders with Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra and Spain. Member state of the European Union. Official name: French Republic (République Française). Population: 62 million inhabitants.

Related terms

Translations

country

Afrikaans: Frankryk
Albanian: Franca sq(sq)

Gheg: Frankreich
American Sign Language: F@NearForehead-HandPalmDown F@NearForehead-HandPalmUp HorizSmallTwist
Arabic: فرنسا ar(ar) (faránsa) f.
Aragonese: Franzia f.
Armenian: Ֆրանսիա hy(hy) (Fransia)
Asturian: Francia f.
Basque: Frantzia
Belarusian: Францыя be(be) (Fráncyja) f.
Bosnian: Francuska bs(bs) f.
Breton: Frañs (state), Bro-C'hall (country)
Bulgarian: Франция bg(bg) (Fráncija) f.
Catalan: França f.
Cebuano: Pransiya
Chinese:

Mandarin: 法國 cmn(cmn), 法国 cmn(cmn) (Fǎguó), 法蘭西 cmn(cmn), 法兰西 cmn(cmn) (Fǎlánxī)

Min Nan: 法國 (Hoat-kok)

Teochew: Huag8gog4
Cornish: Pow Frynk
Corsican: Francia f.
Croatian: Francuska hr(hr) f.
Czech: Francie cs(cs)
Danish: Frankrig da(da)
Dhivehi: ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް (Faranseysi Vilath)
Dutch: Frankrijk nl(nl) n.
Esperanto: Francio eo(eo), Francujo eo(eo)
Estonian: Prantsusmaa et(et)
Faroese: Frakland fo(fo)
Finnish: Ranska fi(fi)
French: France fr(fr) f.
Galician: Francia f.
Georgian: საფრანგეთი ka(ka) (saphrangeti)
German: Frankreich de(de) n.
Greek: Γαλλία el(el) (Gallía) f.
Gujarati: ફ્રાન્સ gu(gu)
Haitian Creole: Frans
Hebrew: צָרְפַת he(he) (tsarfat) f. (classical: Ṣārəphath)}}
Hindi: फ़्रांस hi(hi) (frāns), फ़्राँस hi(hi) (frām̐s)
Hungarian: Franciaország hu(hu)
Icelandic: Frakkland is(is) n.
Ido: Francia
Indonesian: Perancis id(id), Prancis id(id)
Interlingua: Francia
Irish: An Fhrainc f.
Italian: Francia it(it) f.
Japanese: フランス ja(ja) (Furánsu), 仏蘭西 ja(ja) (Furánsu) (obsolete)
Kalenjin: Frans
Kamba: Frans
Kannada: ಪ್ರಾಂಸ್
Kashmiri: फ्रांस ks(ks)
Kikuyu: Frans
Korean: 프랑스 ko(ko) (Peurangseu)
Kurdish: فه‌ره‌نسا
Lao: ປະເທດຝະລັ່ງ lo(lo)

Latin: Gallia la(la) f., Francia la(la)
Latvian: Francija lv(lv) f.
Limburgish: Frankriek
Lithuanian: Prancūzija lt(lt)
Livonian: Prantsūzmō
Low Saxon: Frankriek
Luhya: Frans
Luo: Frans
Luxembourgish: Frankräich
Macedonian: Франција mk(mk) (Fráncija) f.
Malagasy: Frantsa
Malay: Perancis ms(ms)
Maltese: Franza mt(mt)
Marathi: फ्रांस mr(mr)
Meru: Frans
Mongolian: Франц mn(mn) (Frants), Франц улс mn(mn) (Frants uls)
Nauruan: France na(na)
Navajo: Dáághahii Dinéʼiʼ bikéyah
Norwegian: Frankrike (Franske Republikk, Republikken Frankrike)
Novial: Fransia
Occitan: França
Old English: Francland
Ossetian: Франц (Frants)
Persian: فرانسه fa(fa) (frânseh)
Polish: Francja pl(pl) f.
Portuguese: França pt(pt) f.
Romanian: Franţa ro(ro) f.
Romansch: Frantscha
Russian: Франция ru(ru) (Fráncija) f.
Sanskrit: फ्रांस sa(sa)
Sardinian: Frantza
Scots: Franse
Scottish Gaelic: An Fhraing
Serbian:

Cyrillic: Француска sr(sr) f.

Roman: Francuska f.
Sicilian: Francia f.
Slovak: Francúzsko, Francúzsko sk(sk) n.
Slovene: Francija sl(sl) f.
Sotho: France
Spanish: Francia es(es) f.
Swahili: Ufaransa sw(sw)
Swedish: Frankrike sv(sv)
Tagalog: Pransya
Tamil: பிரான்ஸ் ta(ta) (pirāns)
Thai: ฝรั่งเศส th(th) (fàràngsèt)
Tok Pisin: Pranis
Turkish: Fransa tr(tr)
Ukrainian: Франція uk(uk) (Fráncija) f.
Urdu: فرانس ur(ur) (frāns)
Vietnamese: Pháp vi(vi)
Võro: Prantsusmaa
Welsh: Ffrainc cy(cy) f.
West Frisian: Frankryk
Yiddish: פֿראַנקרײַך yi(yi) (Frankraykh) n.

French

Pronunciation

audio^help,
file
IPA: /fʁɑ̃s/

Etymology

Old French France, Latin Template:Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe

Proper noun

France f.

France (country)
A female given name

Related terms

François, Françoise (given names)

Derived terms

français, Français
Marie-France (given name)

Anagrams

Anagrams of acefnr
Céfran

Old French

Etymology

From Latin Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe

Proper noun

France f.

France (country)

Genealogy

Up to date as of February 01, 2010

From Familypedia

This article is about the country. For other uses, see France (disambiguation).


(Flag)	(Coat of Arms)

Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"

Anthem: "La Marseillaise"

Capital Paris
48°52′ N 2°19.59′ E

Largest city capital

Official languages French

Government
{{{leader_titles}}} Unitary semi-presidential republic
{{{leader_names}}}

Formation
{{{established_events}}} {{{established_dates}}}

Area
• Total
• Water (%) {{{area}}} km² (40th)
{{{percent_water}}}

Population
• [[As of {{{population_estimate_year}}}|{{{population_estimate_year}}}]] est.
• [[As of {{{population_census_year}}}|{{{population_census_year}}}]] census
• Density {{{population_estimate}}} ({{{population_estimate_rank}}})
{{{population_census}}}
{{{population_density}}}/km² (89th)

GDP (PPP)
• Total
• Per capita 2006 estimate
trillion (7th)
US $30,100 (20th)

Currency CFP Franc^[1]

(EUR, XPF)

Time zone
• Summer (DST) CET^[2] (UTC+1)
CEST^[2] (UTC+2)

Internet TLD European Union.</ref>

Calling code +33

{{{footnotes}}}

.France French: IPA: [fʁɑ̃s]) , officially the French Republic (French: République française, IPA: [ʁepyˈblik fʁɑ̃ˈsɛz]) , is a Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory.^ French is the official language in France.

France - French Business Etiquette, Manners, Cross Cultural Communication, and Geert Hofstede Analysis 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.cyborlink.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French is the official language in France and its territories.

French Speaking Countries | Country That Speak French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.learnfrenchexpert.com [Source type: Original source]

^ The title of the French Republic to the springs of Vichy, a commune of France, is clearly established.

FRENCH REPUBLIC V. SARATOGA VICHY SPRING CO., 191 U. S. 427 (1903) -- US Supreme Court Cases from Justia & Oyez 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC supreme.justia.com [Source type: Original source]

.France is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain.^ For example, the number 70 is soixante-dix (literally, ‘sixty-ten’), in France and septante in Belgium and Switzerland.

French Translation Services- French to English, English to French Translation and Localization 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.advancedlanguagetranslation.com [Source type: Original source]

^ European customers -- including Germany, France , Great Britain, Spain, Turkey, Belgium and Luxembourg ...

France Airbus News - Airbus News 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC airbus.einnews.com [Source type: News]

^ It is the official language of several countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Due to its English Channel.

.The French Republic is a nuclear power.^ Any such intention must be diplomatically communicated to the Government of the French Republic and by the same to the Governments of the other signatory Powers.

Convention for the protection of birds useful to agriculture 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC eelink.net [Source type: Original source]

The French kings.

Origin and history of the name

Main article: Name of France

See also: List of country name etymologies

.The name "France" comes from Latin Francia, which literally means "land of the Franks," or "Frankland". There are various theories as to the origin of the name of the Franks.^ There are two ligatures, which have various origins.

French language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC pustakalaya.olenepal.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There are various theories as to the origin of the name of the Franks .

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The name "France" comes from Latin Francia, which literally means "land of the Franks" or "Frankland".

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.One is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca.^ One is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ This online translator allows the translation of words, texts, phrases, idioms, expressions in French, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian, Portuguese, Hebrew, Japanese.

Conjugate verb French, Conjugator, Conjugation tables 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC conjugator.reverso.net [Source type: Original source]

^ The name France is derived from the Latin word Franci a, meaning Land of the Franks .

About France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC aboutfrance.biz [Source type: General]

.Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient Germanic language, Frank means free as opposed to slave.^ Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient Germanic language, Frank means free as opposed to slave.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Ancient France was invaded by different ethnic and linguistic groups: Celts, Greeks, Romans, Franks and other Germanic tribes, and Arabs.

Overview of the French Language to Help You Learn French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.transparent.com [Source type: Original source]

^ It has influences from the native Celtic languages and from the Germanic languages of Europe as tribes migrated and spread through ancient Europe.

Learn French Language Online 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]

.This usage still survives in the name of the national currency prior to the adoption of the euro, the franc.^ Currency - the currency of France is the Euro.

France - Culture, customs, etiquette and business protocol 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.kwintessential.co.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France's currency is the Euro, and most garages, hotels and shops in France accept credit cards, though may not always accept swipe cards without a microchip.

Information about France for tourists, visitors and students. About-France.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC about-france.com [Source type: News]

^ France has adopted the Euro (ISO code: EUR , symbol: € ) as its official currency.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.However, it is also possible that the word is derived from the ethnic name of the Franks, the connection being that only the Franks, as the conquering class, had the status of freemen.^ However, rather than the ethnic name of the Franks coming from the word frank, it is also probable that the word is derived from the ethnic name of the Franks, the connection being that only the Franks, as the conquering class, had the status of freemen.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ One is that it is derived from the Proto-Germanic word frankon which translates as javelin or lance as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a francisca.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ This “lexicon,” however, is more than just a collection of words; it is a set of patterned derivational processes that together constitute a language game.

Bahasa Gaul | Bahasa Kita 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.bahasakita.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In German, France is still called Frankreich, which literally means "Realm of the Franks". In order to distinguish from the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne, Modern France is called Frankreich, while the Frankish Realm is called Frankenreich.^ As early as the 6th century, the homilies of the Church councils that took place in France were translated into Romanic, and in the 8th century the Frankish leader Charlemagne by royal edict ordered Church dignitaries to deliver their sermons in the popular tongue.

French Language - ninemsn Encarta 25 September 2009 3:14 UTC au.encarta.msn.com [Source type: Reference]
French Language - MSN Encarta 25 September 2009 3:14 UTC uk.encarta.msn.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In the history of the French language, the most important of these groups are the Franks in northern France, the Alemanni in the modern German/French border area, the Burgundians in the Rhône valley and the Visigoths in the Aquitaine region and Spain.

French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.thehouseofoojah.com [Source type: General]

^ The French pronunciation was deeply influenced by the language of the pre-Roman Celts (amongst them probably the specific pronunciation of u as [y]) and of the later Germanic invaders (especially the Franks who gave the modern name of France).

French Language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.orbilat.com [Source type: Reference]

.The word "Frank" had been loosely used from the fall of Rome to the Middle Ages, yet from Hugh Capet's coronation as "King of the Franks" ("Rex Francorum") it became usual to strictly refer to the Kingdom of Francia, which would become France.^ After the fall of Rome, a series of royal dynasties ruled much of what would become France.

France - MSN Encarta 11 September 2009 5:46 UTC encarta.msn.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ After the accession of Hugh Capet as king of France in 987, Paris became the seat of government.

French Language - MSN Encarta 25 September 2009 3:14 UTC encarta.msn.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France in the later Middle Ages, 11...

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.The Capetian Kings were descended from the Robertines, who had produced two Frankish kings, and previously held the title of "Duke of the Franks" ("dux Francorum").^ This emerging dynasty, called the Robertines, was the predecessor of the Capetian Dynasty, who were descended from the Robertines.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Capet was previously "Duke of the Franks" and then became "King of the Franks" (Rex Francorum).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The Capetian Kings were descended from the Robertines, who had produced two Frankish kings, and previously held the title of "Duke of the Franks" ("dux francorum").

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.This Frankish duchy encompassed most of modern northern France but because the royal power was sapped by regional princes the term was then applied to the royal demesne as shorthand.^ This Frankish duchy encompassed most of modern northern France but because the royal power was sapped by regional princes the term was then applied to the royal demesne as shorthand.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Gaul (Transalpine Gaul) - a region of Europe, roughly equivalent to modern France → Wikipedia entry + Gallia , Gallic , Gallic , Gallica , Gaulish , Gauls 299/8 The Gauls invade Etruria.

Gaul - in ancient sources 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.attalus.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Under the terms of the armistice, northern France came under direct German occupation; the eastern provinces of Alsace and Lorraine were annexed to Germany.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.ushmm.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It was finally the name adopted for the entire Kingdom as central power was affirmed over the entire kingdom.^ It was finally the name adopted for the entire Kingdom as central power was affirmed over the entire Kingdom.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^[3]

Geography

Main article: Geography of France

.While Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe, France also has a number of territories in North America, the overseas collectivity.^ Metropolitan France (France in Europe) is divided, administratively, into 22 regions , and 96 counties, known as departments.

Information about France for tourists, visitors and students. About-France.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC about-france.com [Source type: News]

^ Language immersion programmes available throughout Europe, Russian States, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Latin A ...

French Language Studies: Language Schools, International Language Study Programs from GoAbroad.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC languagestudy.goabroad.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is especially valuable because it attempts to provide guidance to Francophone literature outside of France: Europe, North America, South America, Latin America, Near East and Africa.

BU Libraries | Research Guides | French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.bu.edu [Source type: Academic]

.Metropolitan France covers 551,695 Camargue, the lowest point in France (2 m / 6.5 ft below sea level).^ Nearly two-thirds of France consists of lands that are less than 250 m (820 ft) above sea level in elevation.

France - MSN Encarta 11 September 2009 5:46 UTC encarta.msn.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Metropolitan France covers 551,695 square kilometres (213,010 sq mi) and possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the Alps in the south-east, the Massif Central in the south-central and Pyrenees in the south-west.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Metropolitan France also has extensive river systems such as the Loire, the Garonne, the Seine and the Rhône, which divides the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean sea at the Camargue, the lowest point in France (2 m / 6.5 ft below sea level).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^[4] .Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast.^ Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Monaco is an independent enclave on the south coast, while the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean is treated as an integral part of the country.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

Satellite picture of metropolitan France, August 2002

France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories (excluding Russia (7,566,673 km² / 2,921,508 sq mi).</ref>

.Metropolitan France is situated between 41° and 50° North, on the western edge of Europe and thus lies within the alpine in nature with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snowcover lasting for up to six months.^ The climate of the Alps and other mountainous regions are mainly alpine in nature with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snow cover lasting for up to six months.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France is an important and influential country, lying on the western edge of the continent of Europe .

France@Everything2.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC everything2.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Culture of France France, situated in Western Europe, is known for its distinguished cultural heritage.

France Tourism - France Vacations, Travel Guide on Famous Places in France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.buzzle.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

History

Main article: History of France

See also: Medieval demography and Economic history of France

Rome to revolution

The borders of modern France are approximately the same as those of ancient St. Jerome wrote that Gaul was the only region "free from heresy".

In the 4th century AD, Gaul's eastern frontier along the Clovis did so in 498) ; thus France obtained the title "Eldest daughter of the Church" (La fille ainée de l'Église) , and the French would adopt this as justification for calling themselves "the Most Christian Kingdom of France".

.Existence as a separate entity began with the Western Francia.^ Although the French monarchy is often dated to the 5th century , France's continuous existence as a separate entity begins with the division, in 843 , of Charlemagne 's Frankish empire into eastern, central and western parts.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Although the French monarchy is often dated to the 5th century , France's continuous existence as a separate entity begins with the 9th-century division of Charlemagne 's Frankish empire into an eastern and a western part.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Western Francia approximated the area occupied by modern France and was the precursor to modern France.^ Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The name France originates from the Franks (Francs), a Germanic tribe that occupied northern Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire .

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The EEZ of France covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of the Earth.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The Demographics of France) and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture.^ France in Brief: France - a modern European state and a republic , is one of the world's major economies .

Information about France for tourists, visitors and students. About-France.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC about-france.com [Source type: News]

^ This page aims to give you a broad overview of France's art, culture, people, environment, geography, history, economy and government.

France - French Republic - Republique Francaise - Paris Tourism 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nationsonline.org [Source type: News]

^ France was a founding member of the European Union, and French leaders across the political spectrum have championed European integration.

France information on economic freedom | Facts, data, analysis, charts and more 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.heritage.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France obtained many overseas possessions in the Americas, Africa and Asia.^ It is especially valuable because it attempts to provide guidance to Francophone literature outside of France: Europe, North America, South America, Latin America, Near East and Africa.

BU Libraries | Research Guides | French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.bu.edu [Source type: Academic]

http://getglue.com/topics/p/france 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC getglue.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For France, which had a vast colonial empire across Africa and retains tight - and at times, controversial - ties to many countries there, the debate over genocide has particular resonance.

News from The Associated Press 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC hosted.ap.org [Source type: News]
News from The Associated Press 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC hosted.ap.org [Source type: News]

Monarchy to republic

Lord Cornwallis' surrender following the Siege of Yorktown. French participation was decisive in this battle, 1781

.The monarchy ruled France until the Bonaparte family being appointed as monarchs of newly established kingdoms.^ His descendants, starting with the Capetian dynasty, ruled France until 1792 , when the French Revolution established a Republic , in a period of increasingly radical change that began in 1789 .

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Charlemagne's descendants ruled France until 987 , when Hugh Capet , Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of France.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ His armies engaged in several wars across Europe, conquered many countries and established new kingdoms with Napoleon's family members at the helm.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Following Napoleon's final defeat in 1815 at the Third Republic.^ Less ambitious than his uncle, the second Napoleon was also ultimately unseated, and republican rule returned for a third time in the Third Republic ( 1870 ).

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Following his defeat in 1815 , the French monarchy was re-established, which was then legislatively abolished and followed by a Second Republic in 1848 .

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Following his defeat in 1815 , monarchial rule was restored to France, which was then legislatively abolished and followed by a Second Republic .

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France had colonial possessions, in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s.^ Its rich history tells that it was commissioned for Maria de Médicis, who lived there with her son, King Louis XIII of France, in the 17th century.

Cheap Paris Hotels - Discount Hotels in Paris from Hotels Cheap 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC paris.hotelscheap.org [Source type: General]

^ At various times from 1986 through the beginning of the 21st century, France balanced a form of divided government known as “cohabitation,” with a president and prime minister of different political parties.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ I t would not be until the full passion of the Romantic movement swept across France, in the mid nineteenth century, that a sincere restoration was undertaken.

Notre Dame de Paris Historic Overview - Earthlore Explorations Architecture Features 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.elore.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In the 19th and 20th centuries, its sovereignty reached 12,898,000 square kilometres (4,980,000 sq mi) in the 1920s and 1930s, which is 8.6% of the world's land area.^ Total area (sq mi) .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries French was preeminent as an inter-national language, though it has been partially eclipsed by English in the 20th.

Learn French, French Windows, French Office, French Software, French Dictionary, French Translation, French Keyboards, French Tutorials, French Phrase Books, French Spell Checking 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.worldlanguage.com [Source type: General]

^ Print this section The total area of France is 543,965 sq km (210,026 sq mi), including inland waters.

France - MSN Encarta 11 September 2009 5:46 UTC encarta.msn.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

French Revolution of 1830

.Though ultimately a victor in World War I, France suffered enormous human and material losses that weakened it for decades to come.^ Contact between Australia and France intensified during the two World Wars and paved the way for increased migration from France after 1945.

SBS Radio - French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.radio.sbs.com.au [Source type: News]

^ Dec 1 2009 7:04 PM In a world with lot of suffering and unfairness- war, mobbing, children dying - your music and your message is the appreciated quantum of solace.

PARIS on MySpace Music - Free Streaming MP3s, Pictures & Music Downloads 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.myspace.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II , France suffered extensive losses in its empire wealth, manpower, and rank as a dominant nation-state.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The 1930s were marked by a variety of social reforms introduced by the Popular Front government.^ Years of social and monetary reform came to pass over the rest of the 20th Century and the government has adopted a very pro-EU stance up until today.

Information about France in Western Europe 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.offplanproperty.info [Source type: News]

.At the start of World War II, France held a series of unsuccessful rescue campaigns in French Resistance inside.^ I'm a French 25 years old; easy going, patient and serious, Native French speaker and I recently graduated a master in management in France.

tuition in the french language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC abceda.com [Source type: General]

^ Someone from Picardy, a district just north of the Ile-de-France, was Picard, not French; the same was true of other regions where the nobility held lands.

Gaul-art 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.florilegium.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The world should ‘prepare for war’ with Iran , the French foreign minister has said, significantly escalating tensions over the country’s nuclear program,” reports The Telegraph of London, .

FRANCE - Opinionator Blog - NYTimes.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com [Source type: General]

.France was liberated with the joint effort of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Free French Forces and the French resistance in 1944. Soon the Nouvelle Armée Française ("new French army") was established with the massive help of US-built material and equipment, and pursued the fight along the Allies in various battles including the campaign of Italy.^ French News for residents and lovers of France .

French Web Sites 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.uni.edu [Source type: General]

^ Free textual materials for French teachers.

French Language Sites 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.fredriley.org.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
French Language Sites 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.hull.ac.uk [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Allied armies liberated France in Aug.

France: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.factmonster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The conflict in its oldest major colony, Algeria.

.The debate over whether or not to keep control of Algeria, then home to over one million European settlers, wracked the country and nearly led to civil war.^ But the true antinomy lies between a racist European labour migration model that denies foreign populations the right to settle and that of countries relying on immigration and settlers.

Eurozine - The old "new clothes" of the French Republic - Yann Moulier Boutang In defence of the "insignificant" rioters 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.eurozine.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Xavier Blanchard Debray, a graduate of Saint-Cyr Academy, emigrated in 1848 and led a popular Confederate regiment during the Civil War.

Table of Contents and Excerpt, Lagarde, The French in Texas 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.utexas.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For more than half a century the Bateaux-Mouches" has created memorable experiences for nearly one hundred million guests!

Paris Sights and Arrondissements 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC manstouch.com [Source type: General]

.In 1958, the weak and unstable Fourth Republic gave way to the Charles de Gaulle managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the war.^ Hotels at Charles de Gaulle .

Airports of Paris - Orly, CDG (Charles de Gaulle) 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.discoverfrance.net [Source type: General]

^ Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris .

Paris Hotels - 1305 hotels in Paris - Up to 80% off 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.easytobook.com [Source type: General]

^ Charles de Gaulle Int'l Arpt .

Paris Hotels, Paris France Hotel Reservations 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.choicehotels.com [Source type: General]

.The Algerian War and Franco-French civil war that resulted in the capital Algiers, was concluded with peace negotiations in 1962 that led to Algerian independence.^ Algeria, after a long civil war, finally became independent in 1962.

France: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.factmonster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The Romans would not have understood the distinction, for the same men led the republic in peace and in war.

Julius Caesar’s Triumph in Gaul » HistoryNet 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.historynet.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Xavier Blanchard Debray, a graduate of Saint-Cyr Academy, emigrated in 1848 and led a popular Confederate regiment during the Civil War.

Table of Contents and Excerpt, Lagarde, The French in Texas 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.utexas.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

In recent decades, France's reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the political and economic integration of the evolving European Constitutional Treaty in May 2005.

Emigration

.Like most European countries, France has lost many citizens by emigration.^ France is the most visited country on earth.

French Language Profile 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC how-to-learn-any-language.com [Source type: Original source]

^ This is not "a French protectionnist combat", as the US press likes to write: many countries (including the European Union, speaking with one voice, but also Korea, Brazil, India and China) are particularly active in this negotiation and France is not the only nation to champion the protection of indigenous cultures.

Best French Movies ; understand France with French movies ; the French exceptionalism ; exception culturelle 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.understandfrance.org [Source type: General]

^ The streets of France could have flowed with blood like they most certainly did in Chile five years later.

Paris 1968 When Students and workers in France rebelled 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC flag.blackened.net [Source type: Original source]

.See Category:Emigrants from France and promotion for the French-language site about genealogy related to ships (which had only six articles in February 2009).^ French Language from About.com.

CCSF Language Center French Links 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.ccsf.edu [Source type: General]

^ Recent French Language articles .

Learn French language from Paris - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.parisbypod.com [Source type: General]

^ See all tips & articles for France .

France Travel Information and Travel Guide - Lonely Planet 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.lonelyplanet.com [Source type: General]

Government

Main articles: Government of France, Constitution of France, and Politics of France

Logo of the French republic

.The French Republic is a unitary semi-presidential republic with strong democratic traditions.^ The French Republic is a democracy that is organized as a unitary semi-presidential republic.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France is a democracy organised as a unitary semi-presidential republic .

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The French Republic is a unitary semi-presidential republic with strong democratic traditions.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by referendum on 28 September 1958.^ The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by referendum on 28 September 1958.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by public referendum on September 28 1958 .

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The First Republic is proclaimed on September 21 st , 1792 by the Constitution of the I st year, but it was never put in practice as the power was held by a revolutionary government.

French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

.It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to parliament.^ It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to parliament.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to Parliament.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The executive branch itself has two leaders: the President of the Republic, who is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term (formerly 7 years) and is the Head of State, and the Government, led by the president-appointed Prime Minister.^ The executive branch itself has two leaders: the President of the Republic, who is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term (formerly 7 years) and is the Head of State, and the Government, led by the president-appointed Prime Minister.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Its chief of state is the president, and the head of government is the prime minister.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Under the constitution, the president is elected directly for a 5-year (originally 7-year) term.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The French parliament is a bicameral legislature comprising a National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) and a Senate.^ The bicameral legislature consists of the National Assembly and the Senate.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The French parliament is a bicameral legislature comprising a National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) and a Senate.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The National Assembly ( Assemble Nationale ) is the principal legislative body.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.^ The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Deputies to the 577-seat National Assembly are elected for five-year terms from single-member districts.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Under the constitution, the president is elected directly for a 5-year (originally 7-year) term.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Grabbing one third of the cabinet is tantamount to hold the power to prevent the government from convening, if it wanted.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 6-year terms (originally 9-year terms) , and one half of the seats are submitted to election every 3 years starting in September 2008.^[5] The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say, except for constitutional laws and lois organiques (laws that are directly provided for by the constitution) in some cases.^ The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say, except for constitutional laws and lois organiques (laws that are directly provided for by the constitution) in some cases.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The Senate 's legislative powers are limited; the National Assembly has the last word in the event of a disagreement between the two houses, except for constitutional laws (amendements to the constitution & "lois organiques").

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament.^ The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament.

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.French politics are characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, centred around the French Socialist Party, and the other right-wing, centred previously around the Rassemblement pour la République (RPR) and now its successor the Union for a Popular Movement.^ French politics, for the past 30 years, have been characterised by the opposition of two political groups: one left-wing , centred around the French Socialist Party , and one right-wing , centred around the RPR , then its successor the UMP .

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French politics are characterized by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, centred around the French Socialist Party , and the other right-wing, centred previously around the Rassemblement pour la République (RPR) and now its successor the Union for a Popular Movement .

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ French politics, for the past 30 years, have been characterised by the opposition of two political groups: one left-wing , centered around the French Socialist Party , and one right-wing , centered around the RPR , then its successor the UMP .

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The executive branch is currently composed mostly of the UPM.

Conventions and notations

France is the home of the International System of Units (the metric system).
^ France hosts the headquarters of the OECD and UNESCO , as well as those of the International Bureau for Weights and Measures in charge of the international metric system , and Interpol .
France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ France hosts the headquarters of the OECD and UNESCO , as well as those of the International Bureau for Weights and Measures in charge of the international metric system , and interpol .
France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ According to the OECD , in 2003 France received the largest percentage of foreign international investment, ahead of the United States and Belgium .
France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The Imperial System is almost completely ignored in France. .Some pre-metric units are still used, essentially the livre (a unit of weight equal to half a kilogram) and the quintal (a unit of weight equal to 100 kilograms).
In mathematics, France uses the infix notation like most countries.
^ France is the most visited country on earth.
French Language Profile 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC how-to-learn-any-language.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It is likely to be the dictionary of choice for most uses.
BU Libraries | Research Guides | French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.bu.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Even so, rural France is still home to a dwindling generation of traditional country folk, living life as it used to be; and the heritage and traditions of the past are being carefully preserved and even reactivated by younger generations, often fugitives from city-life.
Information about France for tourists, visitors and students. About-France.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC about-france.com [Source type: News]
.For large numbers the long scale is used.
^ He improved Nicolas Chuquet's long scale system by adding names for intermediate numbers (milliards instead of thousand million, etc...
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^ With the beginning of the large-scale barbarian invasions of the fourth century, the Romans found them useful auxiliaries and foederati , allowing them to settle on the west side of the Rhine.
SparkNotes: Early Middle Ages (475-1000): From Roman Gaul to the Merovingian Kingdom of the Franks (450-511) 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.sparknotes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Thus, the French use the word billion for what English speakers call a trillion.
^ What words has the English language borrowed from the French language?
WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Useful French words and phrases .
French - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC uncyclopedia.wikia.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In English, when these words are used by the speaker, in most cases it is up to the ...
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
.However, there exist a French word, milliard, for what the English speakers call a billion.
^ What words has the English language borrowed from the French language?
WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Make sure to pay attention to the correct meaning of the phrasal verb in English, however, before deciding on the correct French translation.
French VI Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Translate this word: From French to English From English to French These translations are provided by WordReference.com ; they are not under BBC editorial control .
BBC - Languages - French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.bbc.co.uk [Source type: General]
BBC - Languages - French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.bbc.co.uk [Source type: General]
.Thus, despite the use of the long scale, one billion is called un milliard ("one milliard") in French, and not mille millions ("one thousand million").
^ He improved Nicolas Chuquet's long scale system by adding names for intermediate numbers (milliards instead of thousand million, etc...
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Diplomatic Missions French Mission to the United Nations France is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
France - French Republic - Republique Francaise - Paris Tourism 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nationsonline.org [Source type: News]
^ Lesson 3 is best used by a teacher who has successfully completed two years of high school conversational French or one year of college-level conversational French.
EDSITEment - Lesson Plan 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC edsitement.neh.gov [Source type: General]
.It should also be noted that names of numbers above the milliard are rarely used.
^ The French counting system is partially vigesimal: twenty ( vingt ) is used as a base number in the names of numbers from 60-99.
French language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC pustakalaya.olenepal.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He improved Nicolas Chuquet's long scale system by adding names for intermediate numbers (milliards instead of thousand million, etc...
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Days of the Week in Moroccan Arabic -- Andee M The names used for the days of the week, in Moroccan Arabic, and the numbers used for counting in both Standard Arabic and Moroccan Arabic are similar.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
.Thus, one trillion will most often be called mille milliards ("one thousand milliard") in French, and rarely un billion.
In the French numeral notation, the comma (,) is the Decimal separator, whereas the dot (.) is used between each group of three digits especially for big numbers.
^ The Numbers in French Learn the numbers from one to twelve in French.
French Language Activities at EnchantedLearning.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.enchantedlearning.com [Source type: General]
^ It was often abbreviated Lutetia , staying relatively unimportant in the period before Christ , especially compared to big brothers Nmes and Avignon .
Paris@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: General]
^ Most surviving medieval architecture in France is religious; this is partly a question of durability: the earliest secular buildings were roughly built, often using flammable wood and straw, whereas religious buildings were made to last with stone, built for the glory of God.
Paris Notes: Paris France Information 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.parisnotes.com [Source type: News]
.A space can also be used to separate each group of three digits especially for small numbers.
^ Many of us are used to speaking loudly, especially when we get into groups.
My Paris - David Lebovitz 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.davidlebovitz.com [Source type: General]
^ However, the Dorling Kindersley Eyewitness Paris is more useful, especially for a photographer, because the book contains a small snapshot of each site.
A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]
.Thus three thousand five hundred and ten may be written as 3 510 whereas fifteen million five hundred thousand and thirty-two may be written as 15.500.032. In finances the symbol associated to the currency is put after the numbers and not before.
^ At the roulette table, you'll be given $1 chips, but you have to put five or ten of them on the table if you want to play.
Cheapo Vegas - Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.cheapovegas.com [Source type: General]
^ He improved Nicolas Chuquet's long scale system by adding names for intermediate numbers (milliards instead of thousand million, etc...
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^ French is written using the Latin alphabet , plus five diacritics (the circumflex accent, acute accent , grave accent , diaeresis , and cedilla ) and two ligatures (æ, œ).
french language - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.onpedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.For example €25,000.00 is written 25 000,00 € (always with an extra space between the figure and the currency symbol, and often a space between every block of 3 digits).
Cars are driven on right.
In computing, if a bit is still called a bit a byte is called an octet (from the Latin root octo, meaning "8").
^ Later, although the call might still be present, monastic life was seen all too often as a profession like many other, with a role in society.
12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]
^ Call (33) 47 00 12 25 for more information.
EventGuide Paris: Annual Events Overview 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC paris.eventguide.com [Source type: General]
^ In German, France is still called Frankreich, which literally means "Realm of the Franks".
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
SI prefixes are used.
24-hour clock time is used, with h being the separator between hours and minutes (for example 2pm30 is 14h30).
The all-numeric form for dates is in the order day-month-year, using a slash as the separator (example: 31/12/1992 or 31/12/92).

Law

Main article: Law of France

The basic principles that the French Republic must respect are found in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

.France uses a civil legal system; that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judge interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to case law).^ France uses a civil legal system; that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judge interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to case law).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education outside of specific cases and legal contracts; advertisements must bear a translation of foreign words.

French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.thehouseofoojah.com [Source type: General]

^ France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education outside of specific cases (though these dispositions are often ignored) and legal contracts ; advertisements must bear a translation of foreign words.

french language - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.onpedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Basic principles of the rule of law were laid in the Napoleonic Code.^ Basic principles of the rule of law were laid in the Napoleonic Code.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ But Napoleonic administration and law (see Code Napolon ) left a permanent impact on France.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society.^ Its main values are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen .

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Freedom of religion is a constitutional right, as reflected by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen .

France - Art History Online Reference and Guide 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.arthistoryclub.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Its main ideals are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

As Guy Canivet, first president of the Court of Cassation, wrote about the management of prisons: [1]

Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality.

.That is, law may lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy.^ In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ It won’t take them long to realize what’s going on, to them it will appear as though you have a spy in their alliance, not only will they think they are going to be under attack but they will be on the hunt for a spy that may or may not exist.

Aggressive Gaul Guide - Travian.com :: Forum 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC forum.travian.com [Source type: General]

^ And, as though things were not bad enough as they were, it now turns out that the government has decided that some of these inconvenient questions should not even arise.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.French law is divided into two principal areas: private law and public law.^ French law is divided into two principal areas: private law and public law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The DELF is divided into two levels: .

French Language Exams 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.censu.net [Source type: Academic]

^ The fact that the Norman English kings were also French nobles, holding or claiming vast fiefs in France, brought the two nations into centuries of conflict.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

.Private law includes, in particular, civil law and criminal law.^ Private law includes, in particular, civil law and criminal law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law; criminal law and administrative law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Public law includes, in particular, administrative law and constitutional law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.Public law includes, in particular, administrative law and constitutional law.^ Public law includes, in particular, administrative law and constitutional law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Private law includes, in particular, civil law and criminal law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Television and film credits include Public Enemies, The Guitar, Coach, Deception, The Dying Gaul, Brotherhood, Law and Order, Joan of Arcadia and The Great Gatsby.

La Jolla Playhouse Announces 2010/11 Season 2010/01/24 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.broadwayworld.com [Source type: General]

.However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law; criminal law and administrative law.^ However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law; criminal law and administrative law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ It is probable, however, that the vocabulary of Judeo-French comprised additional registers pertaining to realities specific to Jewish culture and religion.

Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.jewish-languages.org [Source type: Academic]

^ French law is divided into two principal areas: private law and public law.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.France does not recognise religious law, nor does it recognise religious beliefs or morality as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions.^ France does not recognize religious law, nor does it recognize religious beliefs or morality as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.As a consequence, France has long had neither blasphemy laws nor sodomy laws (the latter being abolished in 1791).^ As a consequence, France has long had neither blasphemy laws nor sodomy laws (the latter being abolished in 1791).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Compurgation was not abolished by law in England untii I833 although it had fallen into disuse long before .

Fusion of German and Roman in Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.shsu.edu [Source type: Original source]

.However "offences against public decency" (contraires aux bonnes mœurs) or breach of the peace (trouble à l'ordre public) have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution.^ However "offences against public decency" (contraires aux bonnes mœurs) or breach of the peace (trouble à l'ordre public) have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ However, they lack attack and should not be used to raid with against those who have units in their villages.

Gaul Guide - Travian.us:: Forum 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC forum.travian.us [Source type: General]

^ More outrageous, however, is that, in order to put a lid on the leaks, the Blair government decided to use, not only the state’s repressive machine, but also foreign bodies .

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Laws can only address the future and not the past (ex post facto laws are prohibited) ; and to be applicable, laws must be officially published in the Journal Officiel de la République Française.^ Laws can only address the future and not the past (ex post facto laws are prohibited); and to be applicable, laws must be officially published in the Journal Officiel de la République Française.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Dictionnaire de la prononciation française.

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Dictionnaire de la langue française .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of France

See also: European Union, Latin Union, Francophonie, and United Nations Security Council

.France is a member of the United Nations and serves as one of the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council with veto rights.^ It is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council; it is also an acknowledged nuclear power.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Since then, some members of these linguistic groups have fought hard to maintain their linguistic traditions and in today's France one finds some of these regional languages coming back.

french language - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.onpedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Former Grand Master of the French Great Orient (the most important Masonic organization in France) and former N°2 of the United States National Security Agency in Europe.

Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It is also a member of the WTO, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) , the Indian Ocean Commission (COI).^ Mountain Scenery While Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe, France also has a number of territories in North America, the Caribbean, South America, the southern Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.It is an associate member of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) and a leading member of the International Francophone Organisation (OIF) of fifty-one fully or partly French-speaking countries.^ How many countries speak French?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ List of French speaking countries and capitals?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ How many countries speak French and which ones?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It hosts the headquarters of the OECD, UNESCO, Interpol, Alliance Base and the International Bureau for Weights and Measures.^ Politically and commercially, Paris is buzzing with global trade and commerce and nestles the headquarters of OECD and the UNESCO among others.

Paris Hotels - 1305 hotels in Paris - Up to 80% off 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.easytobook.com [Source type: General]

.In 1953 France received a request from the United Nations to pick a coat of arms that would represent it internationally.^ Former Grand Master of the French Great Orient (the most important Masonic organization in France) and former N°2 of the United States National Security Agency in Europe.

Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Diplomatic Missions French Mission to the United Nations France is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

France - French Republic - Republique Francaise - Paris Tourism 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nationsonline.org [Source type: News]

^ A charter member of the United Nations, France is a member of most of its specialized and related agencies.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Thus the French emblem was adopted and is currently used on passports.

.French foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the European Union, of which it was a founding member.^ It reveals the omnipresence of the English language: even though translation was available - for, in the European Union, all languages of the member-states are official - a Frenchman chose to express himself in a foreign tongue.

Term Papers on french culture | french culture essays | AcaDemon 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.academon.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Yediot Aharonot, in its second editorial, analyzes the European Union's expansion policies.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.In the 1960s, France sought to exclude the British from the organization, seeking to build its own standing in continental Europe.^ Driving in France, like its neighbouring countries in continental Europe, is on the right hand side of the road.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France ; in history of publishing: France ) broadcasting ( in broadcasting: Radio developments in other countries ; in broadcasting: France ) magazine publishing ( in history of publishing: Continental Europe ; in history of publishing: Continental Europe ) newspapers .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ That, of course, is my own bias (relating to my earlier post), yet I think it also reflects that of a majority of Continental (and British too, on the whole) cultural commentators.

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

.Since the 1990s, France has developed close ties with reunified Germany to become the most influential driving force of the EU, but consequently rivaling the U.K. and limiting the influence of newly-inducted East European nations.^ The most common types of cars in France are Peugeot, Clio, Renault , and Fiat , and the majority are manual drive.

French V Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ A guarantee for peace in Europe, through reconciliation between member states, especially France and Germany, and the dissemination throughout the European continent of a way of thinking based on the refusal of violence as a means of attaining national goals.

AF d'Atlanta: French Cultural and Language Center Lectures 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.afatl.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium Airbus, and is the only European power (excluding Russia ) to have its own national spaceport (Centre Spatial Guyanais).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.France is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, but under President de Gaulle, it excluded itself from the joint military command to avoid the supposed domination of its foreign and security policies by U.S. political and military influence.^ De Gaulle became provisional president.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

^ France after de Gaulle - - France under a Socialist presidency .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ After victorious but fierce repression against those fighting for independence, de Gaulle decided to face reality, and in a rare show of political wisdom, he granted independence to each colony.

Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In the early 1990s, the country drew considerable criticism from other nations for its atmospheric nuclear tests in Polynesia.^ French is an official language of 29 countries, as well as the United Nations, NATO, OECD, the European Community, the International Red Cross and many other international organizations.

French Language Translation Facts 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.foreigntranslations.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The countries of the Union undertake to assure to nationals of the other countries of the Union appropriate legal remedies effectively to repress all the acts referred to in Articles 9 , 10 , and 10 bis .

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Original source]

^ Patents applied for in the various countries of the Union by nationals of countries of the Union shall be independent of patents obtained for the same invention in other countries, whether members of the Union or not.

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Original source]

.France vigorously opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq, straining bilateral relations with the U.S. and the U.K. France retains strong political and economic influence in its former African colonies and has supplied economic aid and troops for peace-keeping missions in the Ivory Coast and Chad.^ Relations between the U.S. and France have remained severely strained over Iraq.

France: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.factmonster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France sent peacekeeping forces to assist two African countries in 2002 and 2003, Côte d'Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

France: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.factmonster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Television dishes up a daily fare of integration problems in the banlieue by showing young blacks, who are often French nationals, or come from our former colonies (the Ivory Coast, for example, where French troops are stationed).

Eurozine - The old "new clothes" of the French Republic - Yann Moulier Boutang In defence of the "insignificant" rioters 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.eurozine.com [Source type: Original source]

Military

Main article: Military of France

See also: Military history of France

Nuclear aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle

The French armed forces are divided into four branches:

Armée de Terre (Army)
Marine Nationale (Navy)
Armée de l'Air (Air Force)
Gendarmerie Nationale (A military force which acts as a National Rural Police and as a Military police for the entire French military)

Since the Algerian War, conscription was steadily reduced and was finally suspended in 2001 by Jacques Chirac. .The total number of military personnel is approximately 359,000. France spends 2.6% of its GDP on defence, slightly more than the United Kingdom (2.4%) , and is the highest in the European Union where defence spending is generally less than 1.5% of GDP. Together they account for 40% of EU defence spending.^ More than 32 000 entries..."

Martindale's Language Center - French Language (Langue français) & Old French: French Dictionaries, French Courses, French Text-to-Speech, French Keyboards, French Spell Checker, French Literature, etc. 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.martindalecenter.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French: this site contains high-quality photos of more than 400 000 original documents of different French institutions located in the area of Troyes .

Regionale Übersichten 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC vita-religiosa.de [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ More than 200 Iroquois from Stadacona (Quebec) were fishing on the peninsula at the time and they were initially trusting and cordial to Cartier and his men.

Term Papers on french culture | french culture essays | AcaDemon 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.academon.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.About 10% of France's defence budget goes towards its force de frappe, or nuclear weapons.^ Simultaneously, de Gaulle consolidated the power of France by endowing it with a military industrial-complex including a nuclear deterrent and guarantying its energy provisions.

Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Can you say that this is the same level, when they are aspiring to have nuclear weapons, as America, France, Israel, Russia?"

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Hans Blix, former head of the IAEA, said last June that Israel is thought to have about 200 nuclear weapons.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.A significant part of French military equipment is made in France.^ By the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts in 1539 King Francis I made French the official language of administration and court proceedings in France, ousting the Latin that had been used before then.

French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.thehouseofoojah.com [Source type: General]

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France also has a number of overseas departments, territories, and countries which, legally, are part of the French Republic.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Examples include the Rafale fighter, the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, the Exocet missile, and the Leclerc tank.^ Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris .

Paris Hotels - 1305 hotels in Paris - Up to 80% off 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.easytobook.com [Source type: General]

^ Charles de Gaulle Int'l Arpt .

Paris Hotels, Paris France Hotel Reservations 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.choicehotels.com [Source type: General]

^ Charles de Gaulle (Metro) .

Paris Hotels, Paris France Hotel Reservations 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.choicehotels.com [Source type: General]

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Then some developer bought him out and he moved the stable out to like 115th and metcalf.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ ProQuest Dissertations and Theses - A&I Provides abstracts of dissertations and some master's theses from the United States, Canada, Great Britain and, to a lesser and more selective extent, other countries.

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

.Despite withdrawing from the Eurofighter project, France is actively investing in European joint projects such as the Eurocopter Tiger, multipurpose frigates, the UCAV demonstrator nEUROn and the Airbus A400M.^ France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium Airbus, and is the only European power (excluding Russia ) to have its own national spaceport (Centre Spatial Guyanais).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The French filmmakers who projected such an exciting image of France in the 60s and 70s have not been replaced.

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

.France is a major arms seller as most of its arsenal's designs are available for the export market with the notable exception of nuclear powered devices.^ France became a nuclear power (1960).

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

^ In the political sphere, France remains a major world power but forget politics, French food is where the heart of interests lies!

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The most common types of cars in France are Peugeot, Clio, Renault , and Fiat , and the majority are manual drive.

French V Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Some of the French designed equipments are specifically designed for exports like the Franco-Spanish Scorpène class submarines.^ Learning Basic Spanish Words -- Roberto Bell Just like with any other language, when learning Spanish the first thing you need to do is learn some of the basics.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ French courses in Nice - French classes designed for Americans at all levels, featuring one-on-one training, joint tutorials classes, courses customized for Proficiency Exams and executive programs.

French Language Schools - Education Atlas 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.educationatlas.com [Source type: Reference]

^ French language and culture immersion classes throughout the year, designed for small adult groups; private tuition rates can be arranged.

French Language Schools - Education Atlas 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.educationatlas.com [Source type: Reference]

.Some French equipments have been largely modified to fit allied countries' requirements like the Formidable class frigates (based on the La Fayette class) or the Hashmat class submarines (based on the Agosta class submarines).^ What are some Africian countries that speak french?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ La Vie de Chteau - Focuses on rigorous French Language Classes for those interested in a relaxed environment and great food in a convivial, family atmosphere.

French Language Schools - Education Atlas 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.educationatlas.com [Source type: Reference]

^ You must use de and le, la, l', or les and the proper contractions (called partitives ) because in French you must always express some.

French II Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Although it includes very competent anti-terrorist units such as the GIGN or the EPIGN the gendarmerie is a military police force which serves for the most part as a rural and general purpose police force.
^ Most statistics packages seem to be overwhelming in their scope, forcing the user on a very steep learning path, most of them are also very expensive.
LinuxFocus Index 11 September 2009 5:46 UTC mercury.chem.pitt.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Iran says its nuclear program will only be used for peaceful aims, such as electricity generation, and not to make bombs as United States and its European allies fear.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although the public paid for it, the record is now owned by the Attorney General who would not even release copies of parts of the document for research and public interest purposes.
The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.Since its creation the GIGN has taken part in roughly one thousand operations and freed over five-hundred hostages; the Air France Flight 8969's hijacking brought them to the world's attention.

French intelligence can be divided into two major units: the DGSE (the external agency) and the DST (domestic agency).
^ Air France operates flights to hundreds of destinations around the world.
France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Air France is a major airline and part of the SkyTeam alliance.
France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Language French Time Zone GMT +1 Currency Euro divided into 100 Euro cents.
Travelcreek - Travel Guide to the city of Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travelcreek.com [Source type: General]
The latter being part of the police while the former is associated to the army. .The DGSE is notorious for the Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, but it is also known for revealing the most extensive technological spy network uncovered in Europe and the United States to date through the mole Vladimir Vetrov.

The French "Force de frappe" relies on a complete independence.
^ Lecture and presentation about the diversity and richness of French architectural heritage in the United States, from the Canadaian border the Gulf of Mexico.
AF d'Atlanta: French Cultural and Language Center Lectures 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.afatl.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Former Grand Master of the French Great Orient (the most important Masonic organization in France) and former N°2 of the United States National Security Agency in Europe.
Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There has been French emigration to the United States, Australia and South America, but the descendants of these immigrants have assimilated to the point that few of them still speak French.
French 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.thehouseofoojah.com [Source type: General]
.The current French nuclear force consists of four submarines equipped with M45 ballistic missiles.
^ Chirac ended nuclear testing in 1996 and announced plans for scaling back French military deployment and phasing in an all-volunteer force.
France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The current Triomphant class is currently under deployment to replace the former Redoutable class. The M51 will replace the M45 in the future and expand the Triomphants firing range. .Aside of the submarines the French dissuasion force uses the Mirage 2000N; it is a variant of the Mirage 2000 and thus is designed to deliver nuclear strikes.
^ Chirac ended nuclear testing in 1996 and announced plans for scaling back French military deployment and phasing in an all-volunteer force.
France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The proponents of negotiations with Iran rule out any use of force to eliminate the Iranian nuclear infrastructure, even if all other means of diplomacy and sanctions fail.
Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ French Job Contracts Information on the various types of job contract used for people working in France.
AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]
Other nuclear devices like the Plateau d'Albion's Intercontinental ballistic missiles and the short range Hadès missiles have been disarmed. .With 350 nuclear heads stockpiled France is the world's third largest nuclear power.
^ France became a nuclear power (1960).
France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Simultaneously, de Gaulle consolidated the power of France by endowing it with a military industrial-complex including a nuclear deterrent and guarantying its energy provisions.
Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ France is also the most energy independent Western country due to heavy investment in nuclear power, which also makes France the smallest producer of carbon dioxide among the seven most industrialised countries in the world.
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^[6]

The Marine Nationale is regarded as one of the world's most powerful.
^ Le cours d'cole - Tahiti - Provides students a once in a life opportunity: instruction in French coupled with the opportunity to explore one the worlds most pristine islands.
French Language Schools - Education Atlas 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.educationatlas.com [Source type: Reference]
^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).
France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]
^ One of the most striking features is the delegation of military, financial, and executive powers to the same official, a count or a duke.
Fusion of German and Roman in Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.shsu.edu [Source type: Original source]
.The professional compendium flottes de combats, in its 2006 edition, ranked it world's 6th biggest navy after the American, Russian, Chinese, British and Japanese navies.
^ With 79.1 million foreign tourists in 2006, France is ranked as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of Spain (55.6 million in 2005) and the United States (49.4 million in 2005).
France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Also classes in Spanish, German, Russian, Japanese, Chinese (Mandarin), Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Turkish.
French Classes Chicago,New York,Seattle,Houston,NYC Language School,Phoenix,Arizona,Lessons in San Francisco,Learn French Fast,Private Tutor for Kids,USA College Programs 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.learn4good.com [Source type: General]
^ Bibles also available in Chinese , French , Hebrew , Japanese , Russian , Spanish and Tagalog .
Welcome to Language Quest - Software, Audio, Books, Video, Translators and More! 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.languagequest.com [Source type: General]
[2]. It is equipped with the world's only nuclear powered Aircraft Carrier, with the exception of the American navy. .Recently Mistral class ships joined the Marine Nationale, the Mistral itself having taken part to operations in Lebanon.
^ Here the Centrones and the Graioceli and the Caturiges, having taken possession of the higher parts, attempt to obstruct the army in their march.
The Internet Classics Archive | The Gallic Wars by Julius Caesar 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC classics.mit.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ The BBC has recently delighted us with a two-part documentary about John Prescott, MP and his opinions on the class system in Britain.
The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.For the 2004 centennial of the Entente Cordiale President Chirac announced the Future French aircraft carrier would be jointly designed with Great Britain.
^ Subsequent lines connected Paris to several other French cities, as well as Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and, via the Channel Tunnel , Great Britain.
France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Tired of the overextended presidencies of François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac, the French elected Nicolas Sarkozy counting on his energy to revitalize their country.
Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although the law was enacted, in a setback for Villepin, he subsequently announced that it would be replaced by new legislation designed to reduce youth unemployment.
France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.The French navy is equipied with the La Fayette class frigates, early examples of stealth ships, and several ships are expected to be retired in the next few years and replaced by more modern ships, examples of future surface ships are the Forbin and the Aquitaine class frigates.
^ Modern Hotel la Fayette .
Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]
^ Alliance Franaise Bordeaux Aquitaine - French classes for foreigners throughout the year, including monthly cultural program featuring trips to vineyards, parties, museums, football match, accommodation in families.
French Language Schools - Education Atlas 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.educationatlas.com [Source type: Reference]
^ La Vie de Chteau - Focuses on rigorous French Language Classes for those interested in a relaxed environment and great food in a convivial, family atmosphere.
French Language Schools - Education Atlas 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.educationatlas.com [Source type: Reference]
.The attack submarines are also part of the Force Océanique Stratégique although they do not carry the nuclear dissuasion, the current class is the Rubis Class and will be replaced in the future by the expected Suffren Class.

The Armée de Terre employs 133,500 people, it is very famous for the Légion Etrangère though the French special forces aren't the Legion but the Dragons Parachutistes and the Marines Parachutistes.
^ Now they are, openly and publicly, second-class reading for people behind the times, for innkeepers, and for old men."
From Best-Seller to Oblivion 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.irosf.com [Source type: General]
^ Although they had been asked to expect and check its arrival, his office did not acknowledge receipt of that message.
The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They do very nice damage too and carry a lot of resources, allowing them to be the most notorious of raiders.
Gaul Guide - Travian.us:: Forum 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC forum.travian.us [Source type: General]
The French assault rifle is the FAMAS and future infantry combat system is the Félin. .France uses both tracked and wheeled vehicles to a significant points, examples of wheeled vehicles would be the Caesar or the AMX 10 RC.
^ Paris’s site at a crossroads of both water and land routes significant not only to France but also to Europe has had a continuing influence on its growth.
Paris (France) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ You can also point out examples of English that come from the French and mention that, more recently, French uses some English words as well: "broonies" ("brownies").
EDSITEment - Lesson Plan 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC edsitement.neh.gov [Source type: General]
^ Buying & Selling a Car in France: Carte Grise Vehicle Registration Buying or selling a used car?
AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]
Although its main battle tank is the Leclerc many older AMX 30 tanks are still operational. It uses the AMX 30 AuF1 for artillery. Finally it is getting equipied with Eurocopter Tigers helicopters.

The Armée de l'Air is the oldest and first professional air force worldwide. .It still today retains a significant capacity.
^ But the most significant, and certainly the most enduring, was the Cercle Molière, founded in 1925 and still vigorous today, making it the oldest French-language amateur theatre in Canada.
Theatre, French-Language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC thecanadianencyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.It uses mainly two aircraft fighters: the older Mirage F1 and the more recent Mirage 2000.
^ Vous is used when speaking to more than one person, or to someone you don't know or who is older.
French I Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some people are born into multicultural homes in which two or more languages are used.
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
The later model exists in a ground attack version called the Mirage2000D. The highly modern Rafale is in deployment in both the French air force and navy.

Transportation

Main article: Transport in France

A TGV Atlantique.

.The railway network of France, which stretches 31,840 kilometres (19,784 mi) is the most extensive in Western Europe.^ Former Grand Master of the French Great Orient (the most important Masonic organization in France) and former N°2 of the United States National Security Agency in Europe.

Operation Sarkozy : how the CIA placed one of its agents at the presidency of the French Republic [Voltaire] 22 September 2009 22:022 UTC www.voltairenet.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France has an extensive railway system, the Socit Nationale des Chemins de Fer Franais (SNCF).

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In 1968 you had a system which is replicated in most countries in western Europe today.

Paris 1968 When Students and workers in France rebelled 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC flag.blackened.net [Source type: Original source]

.It is operated by the SNCF, and high-speed trains include the Thalys, the Eurostar and TGV, which travels at 320 km/h (200 mph) in commercial use.^ The first of a number of high-speed rail lines (TGVs) was completed in 1983, linking Paris and Lyons.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ From the hub Paris, the TGV (high speed trains) run east to Strasbourg , west to Nantes , and south to Bordeaux , Lyon and Marseille at speeds of approximately 300 km/hour.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ The airport is on both the RER B train line and the high speed TGV train line, making it easy to connect to Brussels and several other places in France , bypassing Paris.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.The Eurostar, along with the Eurotunnel Shuttle, connects with the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel.^ France is also linked to the United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel, which passes underneath the English Channel.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Subsequent lines connected Paris to several other French cities, as well as Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and, via the Channel Tunnel , Great Britain.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is possible to catch the ferry across the English Channel from the United Kingdom and Ireland .

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Rail connections exist to all other neighbouring countries in Europe, except Andorra.^ Driving in France, like its neighbouring countries in continental Europe, is on the right hand side of the road.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Original source]

^ The burden of proof is on the players and others involved in soccer, who must excommunicate all those who have any connection with match-fixing.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both underground services and tramway services complementing bus services.^ The Corail Intercité and Corail Téoz both connect Paris to other main French cities not serviced by the TGV, but note that reservations are required for Corail Téoz.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Eurolines has many services throughout Europe as well, including lots of French cities connected with neighbouring countries and further beyond, even towards Morocco .

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The Corail Intercité and Corail Téoz both connect main French cities not serviced by the TGV, and note that reservations are required for Corail Téoz.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.There is approximately 893,300 kilometres (555,070 mi) of serviceable roadway in France.^ There are approximately 2,300 French subsidiaries in the U.S. that provide more than 520,000 jobs and that generate an estimated $235 billion in turnover.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ FYI, there are a little less than 300,000 marriages per year in France (and about 150,000 divorces).

ParisDailyPhoto 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.parisdailyphoto.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There are many cell phone rental companies that offer service for France .

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.The Paris region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country.^ Now that luck part comes in (well not all lucky, most smart early raiders try to stay away from Gauls.

Offensive Gaul Guide (Speed) - Travian.com :: Forum 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC forum.travian.com [Source type: General]

^ It's about a 10 or 15 minute Metro ride to most of the sites in the central part of Paris from the nearby Metro stop.

Paris Hostels - Hostel Reviews 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.hostelz.com [Source type: General]

^ I found France to be a beautiful country, and enjoyed both Paris and the historic ares in the southern part of the country.

France - one of the worst holiday destinations! 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.worstholiday.com [Source type: Original source]

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Many very good toll roads lead out of and into the country, with good connections to Luxembourg, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Germany, Monaco and Switzerland.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is the official language of several countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Belgium.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

.There is no annual registration fee or road tax; however, motorway usage is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes.^ There is no guarantee however.

Paris Museums, France Tours, City Metro Pass, Sightseeing, Louvre, Orsay 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.museumpass.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There are, however, reports of thieves breaking into hotel rooms on lower floors through open windows while the occupants are sleeping.

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This will create a situation in which there will be no acceptable Palestinian leader who can represent the Palestinian Authority vis-a-vis the international community on the diplomatic front.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The new car market is dominated by national brands such as Renault (27% of cars sold in France in 2003) , Peugeot (20.1%) and Citroën (13.5%).^ The most common types of cars in France are Peugeot, Clio, Renault , and Fiat , and the majority are manual drive.

French V Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In 2008, in a move to advance France's competitiveness, the National Assembly passed four bills introduced by the French government to modernize the economy and improve the labor market.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The Pitch printed an article about the case in 2003 here: http://www.pitch.com/2003-11-20/news/love-never-dies/ .

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[7] .Over 70% of new cars sold in 2004 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines.^ French: this site contains high-quality photos of more than 400 000 original documents of different French institutions located in the area of Troyes .

Regionale Übersichten 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC vita-religiosa.de [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Israel's ambassador to Egypt, Shalom Cohen, describes the relationship as much friendlier and more far-reaching than do many Egyptian academics and community leaders.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The most active strikers were more progressive and far sighted than their union leaders.

Paris 1968 When Students and workers in France rebelled 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC flag.blackened.net [Source type: Original source]

^[8] .France possesses the world's tallest road bridge: the Millau Viaduct, and has built many important bridges such as the Pont de Normandie.^ Midi-Pyrnes Normandy Paris & Ile-de-France Pays-de-la-Loire Poitou-Charentes Provence Strasbourg South Aquitaine .

AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]

^ A significant part of mediaeval French poetry and literature was inspired by the Matter of France, such as the The Song of Roland and the various Chansons de geste.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Everything you’ve always wanted to know about this world famous bicycle race: LE TOUR DE FRANCE Indeed baseball is played in many countries, but it is uniquely embedded in the American culture.

AF d'Atlanta: French Cultural and Language Center Lectures 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.afatl.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.There are approximately 478 airports in France, including landing fields.^ The Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) resulted in the return to France of land that had been held by England; by the end of the 15th century, France approximated its modern boundaries.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.The Charles de Gaulle International Airport located in the vicinity of Paris is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic of the country and connecting Paris with virtually all major cities across the world.^ Paris is my favourite city of all!

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

^ Paris is the largest city in France.

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France's capital and largest city is Paris .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Air France is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services.^ Le Village Hostel provides young travellers with the excellent service and comfort of a hotel at a price especially adapted to suit their budget.

Hostels in Paris | Book online at Hostelworld.com 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.hostelworld.com [Source type: General]

^ France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) government intervention (see dirigisme).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, banks, and insurers, and has ceded stakes in such leading firms as Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.There are ten major ports in France, the largest of which is in Marseille, which also is the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea.^ Marseille Close Marseille Marseille is the second-largest city in France and its premier port.

Paris Vacations - Hotels, sightseeing tours, train trips, transfers in Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.europeandestinations.com [Source type: General]

^ France 1950s Mediterranean Bay Sea Ocean Beach child Holiday .

France Stock Footage 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC stock.mrfootage.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France 1950s Mediterranean Bay Sea Ocean .

France Stock Footage 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC stock.mrfootage.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

14,932 kilometres (9,278 mi) of waterways traverse France.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of France

See also: Regions of France

The 22 regions and 96 departments of metropolitan France includes Corsica (Corse, lower right).^ The 96 departments of mainland France, grouped according to their region, are: .

French VII Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: General]

^ France is divided into 26 administrative regions, of which 21 are in continental metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, and four overseas regions.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The regions are further divided into 96 departments (not including the four overseas departments), which are governed by a locally elected general council, with one councilor per canton.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Paris area is expanded (inset at left)

.France is divided into 26 administrative regions.^ France is divided into 26 administrative regions, of which 21 are in continental metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, and four overseas regions.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ These provinces mirror France's natural geographic regions and, despite modern administrative centralization, retain their striking diversity.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The regions are further divided into 96 departments (not including the four overseas departments), which are governed by a locally elected general council, with one councilor per canton.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.22 are in metropolitan France (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the territorial collectivity of Corsica) , and four are overseas regions.^ France is divided into 26 administrative regions, of which 21 are in continental metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, and four overseas regions.

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC), as part of its decades-long bombing campaign on the island of Corsica, continues to conduct limited operations in the south of France and on Corsica.

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Thirteen territories outside metropolitan France: four overseas departments which are also regions (French abbreviation is DOM-ROM)--Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Reunion; six overseas collectivities ("Collectivités d'Outre-mer" or COM)--French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna Islands, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthelemy Island, and Mayotte, which in March 2009 voted to become a full overseas department, and is likely to be recognized as such in 2011; one overseas country of France ("Pays d'Outre-mer" or POM)--New Caledonia; and the French Southern and Antarctic Territories and the atoll of Clipperton.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The regions are further subdivided into 100 departments which are numbered (mainly alphabetically).^ Free Online Lesson in French (Over 100 Audio Files) With the Alphabet, Days of the week, months of the year, Numbers.

Free French Lessons and French Language Courses 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.multilingualbooks.com [Source type: General]

^ The regions are further divided into 96 departments (not including the four overseas departments), which are governed by a locally elected general council, with one councilor per canton.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others.^ As the same combination of materials, mild steel and brass, had been used in a number of other structures on the Gaul (e.g.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The arrondissements of Paris is easily identified in postal codes, which begins with the département number 75.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.Four of these departments are found in the overseas regions and are simultaneously overseas regions and overseas departments and are an integral part of France (and the European Union) and thus enjoy a status similar to metropolitan departments.^ The overseas departments are former colonies outside France that now enjoy a status similar to European or metropolitan France.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Due to its overseas departments, France also shares land borders with Brazil and Suriname (bordering French Guiana), and the Netherlands Antilles (bordering Saint-Martin).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.The 100 departments are subdivided into 341 arrondissements which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,032 cantons.^ The regions are further divided into 96 departments (not including the four overseas departments), which are governed by a locally elected general council, with one councilor per canton.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Main articles: Administrative divisions of France , List of regions in France France has 26 regions ( French : rgion ), which are further subdivided into 100 dpartements .

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.These cantons are then divided into 36,680 communes, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council.^ The 343 senators are elected for six-year terms from each department by an electoral college composed of the deputies, district council members, and municipal council members from the department, with one half of the Senate elected every 3 years..

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The regions are further divided into 96 departments (not including the four overseas departments), which are governed by a locally elected general council, with one councilor per canton.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ That canton [which was cut down] was called the Tigurine; for the whole Helvetian state is divided into four cantons.

The Internet Classics Archive | The Gallic Wars by Julius Caesar 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC classics.mit.edu [Source type: Original source]

There also exist 2,588 intercommunal entities grouping 33,414 of the 36,680 communes (i.e. 91.1% of all the communes). Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are also subdivided into 45 municipal arrondissements.

.The regions, departments and communes are all known as territorial collectivities, meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive.^ Due to its numerous overseas departments and territories scattered on all oceans of the planet, France possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq.

France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.askfactmaster.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ He believes it is possible that one day Iranian officials will solve the nuclear crisis but "in the mean time they will have crushed all their internal critics".

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ He lays stress merely on the fact that they were worshipped with human sacrifice, and they were apparently more or less well-known local gods.

The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.worldspirituality.org [Source type: Original source]

Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions. However, this was not always the case. .Until 1940, the arrondissements were also territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the Vichy regime and definitely abolished by the Fourth Republic in 1946. Historically, the cantons were also territorial collectivities with their elected assemblies.^ The Fourth Republic was officially proclaimed in 1946; the new constitution reorganized the empire as the French Union and was otherwise quite similar to that of the Third Republic.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

^ These territories have varying forms of government ranging from overseas department to overseas collectivity.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Fourth Republic (1946-1959) .

French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

.In addition to the 26 regions and 100 departments, the French Republic also has six overseas collectivities, one sui generis collectivity (New Caledonia) , and one overseas territory.^ France also has a number of overseas departments, territories, and countries which, legally, are part of the French Republic.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ (In English and French) French Guiana (overseas depart.

Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nvcc.edu [Source type: News]

^ French Polynesia (overseas depart.

Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nvcc.edu [Source type: News]

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ French territories (also called collectivities) include Polynésie française, Mayotte, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis-et-Futuna, Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy.

French VII Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: General]

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The Pacific territories continue to use the Pacific franc whose value is linked to that of the euro.^ A "voyage virtuel" uses an interactive map of France to provide information, images, and links for cities and regions throughout France.

FLTeach - Foreign Language Teaching Forum 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.cortland.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Louis XIII of France stopped minting the franc in 1641 in favor of the gold "louis" and silver "cu", but use of the name "franc" continued in accounting as a synonym for livre tournois.

French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Inflation continued to erode the currency's value but at a greatly reduced rate comparable to other countries, so when the euro replaced the franc in January 1, 1999, the new franc was worth less than an eighth of its original value.

French coins 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.lesfrancs.com [Source type: Original source]

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Now become famous outside of France, as well (whereas they used to be mostly known inside of France) are Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Albert Camus.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France joined 11 other EU members to launch the Euro on January 1, 1999, with euro coins and banknotes completely replacing the French franc in early 2002.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.France also maintains control over a number of small non-permanently inhabited islands in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean: Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island.^ The four overseas regions of France ( Guadeloupe , Martinique , French Guiana , Réunion ) are islands in the Caribbean (Guadeloupe and Martinique), part of Latin America (French Guiana), and an island in the Indian Ocean (Réunion).

France - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Clipperton Island ( in Clipperton Island (island, Pacific Ocean) ) French Polynesia ( in French Polynesia: History ) New Caledonia ( in New Caledonia (French overseas country, Pacific Ocean): History ) Wallis and Futuna ( in Wallis and Futuna (French overseas collectivity, Pacific Ocean): History ) vote of confidence ( in vote of confidence (government) ) health and welfare .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ French Restaurant Volunteering in France This is a personal narrative about my volunteer experience on a small French island called Ile D'Hoedic.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

See also: French metropolitan areas, List of towns in France, and List of cities in France over 20,000 population (1999 census)

Overseas Regions

.Overseas departments have the same political status as metropolitan departments.^ Reunion (Overseas department of France) (From the CIA World Factbook 1999) This site provides basic cultural, geographical, political, economic information, and a map of Reunion.

Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nvcc.edu [Source type: News]

Guadeloupe (since 1946)
Martinique (since 1946)
French Guiana (since 1946)
Réunion (since 1946)

Economy

Main article: Economy of France

See also: List of French companies and Economic history of France

The first completed Airbus A380 at the "A380 Reveal" event in Toulouse on 18 January 2005. Airbus is a symbol of the globalisation of the French and European economy

.France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) government intervention (see dirigisme).^ France is in the midst of transition from a well-to-do modern economy that has featured extensive government ownership and intervention to one that relies more on market mechanisms.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In 2008, in a move to advance France's competitiveness, the National Assembly passed four bills introduced by the French government to modernize the economy and improve the labor market.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Marshal Ptain became head of the Vichy government (see under Vichy ) of unoccupied France (other Vichy leaders were Laval and Darlan ), which became a German tool, while Gen.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, and telecommunication firms.^ The government previously had majority ownership in many commercial banks, some key industries, and various utilities, including the telephone system.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

It has been gradually relaxing its control over these sectors since the early 1990s. .The government is slowly selling off holdings in France Télécom, Air France, as well as the insurance, banking, and defence industries.^ The government is slowly selling off holdings in France Télécom, Air France, as well as the insurance, banking, and defence industries.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ Many large industries (steel, nuclear energy, armaments), private banks, and insurance companies were nationalized, and minimum wage and social security benefits were increased.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The government previously had majority ownership in many commercial banks, some key industries, and various utilities, including the telephone system.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.A member of the G8 group of leading industrialised countries, it is ranked as the sixth largest economy in the world in 2005, behind the United States, Japan, Germany, The People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom.^ A member of the G8 group of leading industrialized countries, it is ranked as the sixth largest economy in the world in 2005, behind the United States , Japan , Germany , The People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ It is a developed country with the sixth-largest economy in the world.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ France is the world's second-largest agricultural producer, after the United States.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France joined 11 other EU members to launch the Euro on January 1 1999, with euro coins and banknotes completely replacing the French franc (₣) in early 2002. According to the OECD, in 2004 France was the world's fifth-largest exporter and the fourth-largest importer of manufactured goods.^ According to the OECD, in 2004 France was the world's fifth-largest exporter and the fourth-largest importer of manufactured goods.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^ ECONOMY With a GDP of $2.865 trillion, France is the world’s fifth-largest economy.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France joined 11 other EU members to launch the Euro on January 1, 1999, with euro coins and banknotes completely replacing the French franc in early 2002.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.In 2003, France was the 2nd-largest recipient of foreign direct investment among OECD countries at $47 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located in that country) but above the United States ($39.9 billion) , the United Kingdom ($14.6 billion) , Germany ($12.9 billion) , or Japan ($6.3 billion).^ France is the world's second-largest agricultural producer, after the United States.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France is the eighth-largest trading partner of the United States.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In Europe, it is third, behind Germany and the United Kingdom.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In the same year, French companies invested $57.3 billion outside of France, ranking France as the second most important outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($173.8 billion) , and ahead of the United Kingdom ($55.3 billion) , Japan ($28.8 billion) and Germany ($2.6 billion).^ France is the world's second-largest agricultural producer, after the United States.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Is French the second most taught language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In the same year, French companies invested $57.3 billion outside of France, ranking France as the second most important outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($173.8 billion), and ahead of the United Kingdom ($55.3 billion), Japan ($28.8 billion) and Germany ($2.6 billion).

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

.In the 2005 edition of OECD in Figures, the OECD also noted that France leads the G7 countries in terms of productivity (measured as GDP per hour worked).^ For beginning students, the twenty-four units are designed for a six-month intensive training program of six hours of work per day, plus outside preparation.

Learn French - French Books, Courses, and Software 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC multilingualbooks.com [Source type: General]

^ With at least 75 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Despite figures showing a higher productivity per hour worked than in the US, France's GDP per capita is significantly lower than the US GDP per capita, being in fact comparable to the GDP per capita of the other European countries, which is on average 30% below the US level.

France - Metapedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC en.metapedia.org [Source type: Original source]

^[9]

La Défense, Paris is the heart of the French economy.

.Despite figures showing a higher productivity per hour worked than in the US, France's GDP per capita is significantly lower than the US GDP per capita, being in fact comparable to the GDP per capita of the other European countries, which is on average 30% below the US level.^ GDP Per Capita: $31,200 .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For beginning students, the twenty-four units are designed for a six-month intensive training program of six hours of work per day, plus outside preparation.

Learn French - French Books, Courses, and Software 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC multilingualbooks.com [Source type: General]

^ As with other countries in the Schengen area, France maintains open borders with its European neighbors, facilitating law enforcement cooperation yet allowing the possibility of terrorist operatives entering/exiting the country with anonymity.

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The reason for this is that a much smaller percentage of the French population is working compared to the US, which lowers the GDP per capita of France, despite its higher productivity.^ GDP per capita: 28,356.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ GDP Per Capita: $31,200 .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The cartoons are drawn by some of France's most popular artists whose work has regularly appeared in French national magazines and newspapers.

French Language 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.barbsbooks.com [Source type: General]

.In fact, France has one of the lowest percentages of its population aged 15-64 years at work among the OECD countries.^ One of the earliest references to the Fetty name or to a variant is a record of one named Faitis who appeared on the Paris, France tax roles in 1292, hundreds of years after 1292 our surname is found in many countries in and near France to this day.

The Ybase Forums: R1b3 - Celts from Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.ybase.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Although the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), IMF and the European Commission project that GDP will decline by 2.1%-2.4% 3% in 2009 (October-November 2009 forecast), this obscures the fact that France became one of the first European countries to officially exit recession by posting a 1.2% growth (quarter on quarter annualized) in the second quarter of 2009, and then 1.2% growth (annualized) in the third.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ My sister worked there for 12-15 years in The Jones Store.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In 2004, 68.8% of the French population aged 15-64 years was in employment, compared to 80.0% in Japan, 78.9% in the UK, 77.2% in the US, and 71.0% in Germany.^ Where to get the certificate of conformity (proof of homologation), where to take the vehicle (the DRIRE) and how to get a UK or mainland EU or US car onto French plates.

AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]

^ Germany 14.3%, Italy 8.7%, Spain 8.3%, UK 7.8%, Belgium 7.6%, US 5.8%, Netherlands 4.2% (2008) .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Germany 17.9%, Belgium 11.7%, Italy 8.3%, Spain 6.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, UK 5.1%, US 4.3% (2008) .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[10] .This phenomenon is the result of almost thirty years of massive unemployment in France, which has led to three consequences reducing the size of the working population: about 9% of the active population is without a job; students delay as long as possible their entry into labour market; and finally, the French government gives various incentives to workers to retire in their early 50s, though these are now receding.^ French Job Contracts Information on the various types of job contract used for people working in France.

AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]

^ Find out more about the race and its history, how the teams work and the meaning of the various jerseys (yellow, white, polka dot) and the route map for this year.

AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]

^ I am sure all these state-funded propaganda machines put together vastly exceeded any efforts by the French government.

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

As many economists have stressed repeatedly over the years, the main issue with the French economy is not an issue of productivity. In their opinion, it is an issue of structural reforms, in order to increase the size of the working population in the overall population. Liberal and Keynesian economists have different answers to that issue. .Lower working hours and the reluctance to reform the labour market are mentioned as weak spots of the French economy in the view of the right and lack of government policies fostering social justice by the left.^ Printout Label up, down, left, right, empty, full, happy, sad, short and tall in French.

French Language Activities at EnchantedLearning.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.enchantedlearning.com [Source type: General]

^ In 2008, in a move to advance France's competitiveness, the National Assembly passed four bills introduced by the French government to modernize the economy and improve the labor market.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The vote was seen as rejection of the government's moves to make changes in the French social welfare system, with its generous welfare, health-care, and pension benefits.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Recent government attempts at adjusting the youth labour market, to combat unemployment, have met with fierce resistance.

.With 79.1 million foreign tourists in 2006,^[11] France is ranked as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of Spain (55.6 million in 2005) and the United States (49.4 million in 2005).^ France is the world's second-largest agricultural producer, after the United States.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ FDI: With foreign direct investment of 58 billion in 2006, a constantly rising figure, France is the third country in the world in receipts of FDI, with all the consequent positive effects on employment.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France threatened to veto any resolution that explicitly authorized the use of force, which led to acrimonious relations with the United States and Great Britain.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.This 79.1 million figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours in France, such as northern Europeans crossing France on their way to Spain or Italy during the Summer.^ But national resistance to European unification is no stronger in France than elsewhere in Europe.

AF d'Atlanta: French Cultural and Language Center Lectures 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.afatl.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Pet Travel and Moving with Animals to France Information on the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS), the European Pet Passport and travelling with your pet to or from Spain.

AngloINFO France. Everything for expats living in or moving to France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC france.angloinfo.com [Source type: General]

^ FYI, there are a little less than 300,000 marriages per year in France (and about 150,000 divorces).

ParisDailyPhoto 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.parisdailyphoto.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France features cities of high cultural interest (Paris being the foremost) , beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (green tourism).^ Is France a low or high context culture?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Paris , the capital of France , is one of the most beautiful and romantic cities.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ France's capital and largest city is Paris .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Aside of casual tourism France attracts a lot of religious pilgrims to Lourdes, a town in the Hautes-Pyrénées département, that hosts a few million tourists a year.^ With at least 75 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France, at the end of Louis's reign, was exhausted from its attempt at primacy; yet its latent strength and wealth were so great that it recovered prosperity within a few years.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It has proven quite popular since its inception in 2002 and now attracts over 4 million visitors each year.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium Airbus, and is the only European power (excluding Russia) to have its own national spaceport (Centre Spatial Guyanais).^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ If you are located in the European Union or elsewhere outside of the U.S., you do so at your own risk and initiative and you, not us, are responsible for compliance with any applicable local and national laws.

Paris Hilton's Carl's Jr. | SPIKE 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.spike.com [Source type: General]
The Dying Gaul - Theatrical Trailer | SPIKE 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.spike.com [Source type: General]

^ December 12, 2009 MORE ON FRANCE AND: AIRLINES AND AIRPLANES , PARIS (FRANCE) , BOEING CO , AIRBUS INDUSTRIE , EUROPEAN AERONAUTIC DEFENSE AND SPACE CO , ENDERS, THOMAS O France Investigates Another Troubled Flight .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France is also the most energy independent Western country due to heavy investment in nuclear power, which also makes France the smallest producer of carbon dioxide among the seven most industrialised countries in the world.^ France is among the foremost producers of wine in the world.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France became a nuclear power (1960).

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Nuclear energy furnishes 75% of all electricity produced in France.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.As a result of large investments in nuclear technology, most of the electricity produced in the country is generated by nuclear power plants (78.1% in 2006,^[12] up from only 8% in 1973, 24% in 1980, and 75% in 1990).^ Nuclear energy furnishes 75% of all electricity produced in France.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The draft demands Tehran end all uranium enrichment work, which can produce fuel for nuclear power plants as well as for bombs, and halt research and development that could lead to atomic weapons.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Prangeway August 20th, 2006 at 12:24 am .

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ France's leading industries produce machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metals, aircraft, electronics equipment, textiles, and foods (especially cheeses).

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Wheat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as an internationally recognised foodstuff and wine industry are primary French agricultural exports.^ Wine and beverages, wheat, meat, and dairy products are the principal exports.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Per capita GDP at PPP (2008): $34,205 (preliminary) Agriculture: Products --grains (wheat, barley, corn); wines and spirits; dairy products; sugar beets; oilseeds; meat and poultry; fruits and vegetables.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Tomato sauces (which are used in many American dishes) are not as predominant in French cuisine for the simple reason that it's hard to find a wine that goes well with tomato sauce.

GourmetStation Blog: French Culture Archives 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC gourmetstationblog.typepad.com [Source type: General]

.EU agriculture subsidies to France total almost $14 billion.^ U.S. agricultural exports to France—totaling $1.28 billion in 2008—consisted primarily of tree nuts, planting seeds, hides and skins, tobacco, red meats, seafood, hardwood lumber, and grapefruits.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Nevertheless, France is classified 3rd in term of receipts with a 35 billion euro total.

France - one of the worst holiday destinations! 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.worstholiday.com [Source type: Original source]

^ In 2008, U.S.-France trade in goods and services totaled $154 billion.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Since the end of the Second World War the government made efforts to integrate more and more with Germany, both economically and politically.^ Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier more purely parliamentary administrations.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In recent years, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common exchange currency, the euro, in January 1999.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Luxembourg (From the CIA World Factbook 1999) This site provides basic cultural, geographical, political, economic information, and a map of Luxembourg.

Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nvcc.edu [Source type: News]

.Today the two countries form what is often referred to as the "core" countries in favour of greater integration of the European Union.^ France joined 10 other European Union countries in adopting the euro as its currency in January 1999.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ A lot of times the shop assistants are from other European Union countries and, in fact, speak better English than French!

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

^ The country has continually worked to build European institutions, an integrated economic area and closer common positions on foreign policy.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Demography

Main articles: Demography of France and Languages of France

Metropolitan French cities with over 100,000 inhabitants

.With an estimated population of 64 million people, France is the 23rd most populous country in the world.^ With over 175 million speakers around the globe, French is the 11th most popular first language spoken in the world and 3rd most popular in the European Union.

French Courses :: French Course :: French Language Course 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.languagetrainers.com [Source type: News]

^ With at least 75 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Paris' commuter belt area, when joined with Paris and its unit urbaine, completes the Paris aire urbaine (or metropolitan area) that, with its population of 12 million , is one of the most heavily populated areas in Europe.

PARIS Hotels , cheap hotels PARIS, discount PARIS hotels, lodging PARIS, online hotel reservation PARIS, FRANCE 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.parishotelsnet.com [Source type: General]

.France's largest cities are Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice, and Nantes.^ What is the largest city in France?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Paris , the capital city of France.

PARIS Hotels , cheap hotels PARIS, discount PARIS hotels, lodging PARIS, online hotel reservation PARIS, FRANCE 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.parishotelsnet.com [Source type: General]

^ Paris is the largest city in France.

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all natural population growth in the European Union.^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ With growing immigration from Asia, Turkey, and North Africa, France also has a large Muslim population, estimated at 3 to 5 million.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ European Union: France was a founding member of the Common Market, the European Economic Community and the European Union.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In 2004, population growth was 0.68% and then in 2005 birth and fertility rates continued to increase.^ Population growth rate : .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Until the end of World War II the population increase in France was perhaps the lowest in Europe, but in postwar decades the rate has increased.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The natural increase of births over deaths rose to 299,800 in 2006. The lifetime fertility rate rose to 2.00 in 2007, from 1.92 in 2004.[3]

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

Of them, 90,250 were from Africa and 13,710 from Europe.^[13] .In 2005, immigration level fell slightly to 135,890.^[14] France is an ethnically diverse nation.^ Traditionally, France has had a high level of immigration.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.According to the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, it has an estimated 4.9 million foreign-born immigrants, of which 2 million have acquired French citizenship.^ 'Institut National de la Langue Franaise This is the official site of the l'Institut National de la Langue Franaise , the National Institute of the French Language.

Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nvcc.edu [Source type: News]

^ Concurrently, the U.S. is the largest foreign investor in France, employing over 650,000 French citizens with aggregate investment estimated at $75 billion in 2008.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The country has continually worked to build European institutions, an integrated economic area and closer common positions on foreign policy.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[15] .The European Union allows free movement between the member states.^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ European Union: France was a founding member of the Common Market, the European Economic Community and the European Union.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For EU citizens, there is no visa/work permit restriction as the free labour movement allows them to seek for an employment anywhere in the EU, including Paris.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.While the UK (along with Ireland) did not impose restrictions, France put in place controls to curb Eastern European migration.^ Commerce revived, and the great fairs of Champagne made France a meeting place for European merchants.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France places a high priority on arms control and non-proliferation.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Income and employment indicators place France slightly above the European average.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France's legacy: a map of the Francophone world

██ native language

██ administrative language

██ secondary or non-official language

██ francophone minorities

Demography evolution from 1961 up to 2003 (according to the FAO, 2005). Population in thousands of inhabitants

A perennial political issue concerns rural depopulation. Over the period 1960-1999 fifteen rural départements experienced a decline in population. In the most extreme case, the population of Creuse fell by 24%.

.According to Article 2 of the Constitution, French is the sole official language of France since 1992. This makes France the only Western European nation (excluding microstates) to have only one officially recognised language.^ In which countries is French the official language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Which nations use French as their first language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Where is French the official language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.However, 77 regional languages are also spoken, in metropolitan France as well as in the overseas departments and territories.^ A Review of a Mexican Spanish Dictionary - The Dictionary of Chicano Spanish -- Clint Tustison As every Spanish translator knows, Spanish is a diverse language and can vary among speakers, depending on the region where it is spoken.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Spanish Dialects -- Steven Muller A dialect is defined in linguistic terms as a language variety which is spoken in a specific territory.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory of France) (the CIA World Factbook 1999) This site provides basic cultural, geographical, political, economic information, and a map of Wallis and Futuna.

Virtual Foreign Language Classroom: French Language & Culture 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.nvcc.edu [Source type: News]

.Until recently, the French government and state school system discouraged the use of any of these languages, but they are now taught to varying degrees at some schools.^ Which nations use French as their first language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Is French the second most taught language?

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ When I took French in high school, I recall the teacher telling us, No wonder it's called the language of love.

WikiAnswers - French Language and Culture Questions including "What countries speak French" 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC wiki.answers.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[16] .Other languages, such as Portuguese, Italian, Maghrebi Arabic and several Berber languages are spoken by immigrants.^ Other languages, such as Spanish, share this similarity with Moroccan Arabic.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Official texts shall be established by the Director General, after consultation with the interested Governments, in the English, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish languages, and such other languages as the Assembly may designate.

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Original source]

^ Georgina Kirk Considering Italian is spoken as a first language by only about 62 million people worldwide (compared with 322 million native Spanish speakers, 422 Arabic and 1212 million Chinese), it's amazing ...

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Religion

Main article: Religion in France

.France is a secular country as freedom of religion is a constitutional right, although some religious doctrines such as Scientology, Children of God, the Unification Church, and the Order of the Solar Temple are considered cults.^ You might want to give students clues, such as the continent the country is in (Europe), that it is in the Northern Hemisphere, or that its name starts with "F." Answer: France.

French Language Activities at EnchantedLearning.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.enchantedlearning.com [Source type: General]

^ In our overview of modern France we point out some of the country’s special features and compare its key statistical indicators with those of its neighbours.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Some cafés such as Café de Flore, Café de la Paix, Café les Deux Magots and La Coupole are well-knowned and celebrated in their own rights.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.According to a January 2007 poll by the Catholic World News:^[17] 51% identified as being Catholics, 31% identified as being agnostics or atheists.^ Wednesday, January 17, 2007 .

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ October 17, 2007 world News Reference Material on France .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ However, the government does not keep statistics on religious affiliation, and according to a January 2007 poll, 51% of respondents describe themselves as Catholic, and another 31% describe themselves as having no religious affiliation.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

(Another poll ^[18] concluded that 27% identified as being atheists.) , .10% identified as being from other religions or being without opinion, 4% identified as Muslim, 3% identified as Protestant, 1% identified as Jewish.^ About 85% of the population is Roman Catholic, 10% Muslim, less than 2% Protestant, and about 1% Jewish.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 5%-10%, unaffiliated 4% overseas departments: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, pagan .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2005,^[19] 34% of French citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", whereas 27% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 33% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".

In France, 32% declare themselves to be atheists, with an additional 32% declaring themselves agnostic^[20]. .The current Jewish community in France numbers around 600,000 according to the World Jewish Congress and is largest in Europe.^ France is home to both the largest Muslim and Jewish populations in Europe.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France is the largest agricultural producer in Europe.

France-Diplomatie - France 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.diplomatie.gouv.fr [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is a question that is now being discussed around every corner and in the halls of every gathering of the American Jewish community.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Estimates of the number of Muslims in France vary widely.^ With growing immigration from Asia, Turkey, and North Africa, France also has a large Muslim population, estimated at 3 to 5 million.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.According to the 1999 French census returns, there were only 3.7 million people of "possible Muslim faith" in France (6.3% of the total population).^ By REUTERS A junior French minister has told young Muslims living in France that they should dress properly, find a job and stop speaking slang.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The impoverished Muslim communities of France have risen in violent protest to their lack of inclusion to the French integration model.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

^ Of all nations, clans, and peoples on Earth, only among native Papuans were there still a few left alive who remembered when the planet had not been a single place.

Adherents.com - Religious Groups in Literature 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.adherents.com [Source type: General]

.There are an estimated 200,000 to 1 million illegal immigrants in France.^ There are approximately 2,300 French subsidiaries in the U.S. that provide more than 520,000 jobs and that generate an estimated $235 billion in turnover.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ With growing immigration from Asia, Turkey, and North Africa, France also has a large Muslim population, estimated at 3 to 5 million.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In 2004, there were over 6 million Muslims, largely of North African descent, living in France.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The concept of laïcité exists in France and because of this the French government is legally prohibited from recognising any religion (except for legacy statutes like those of military chaplains and Alsace-Moselle).^ France is also America's oldest ally; French military intervention was instrumental in helping Britain's American colonies establish independence.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In 2008, in a move to advance France's competitiveness, the National Assembly passed four bills introduced by the French government to modernize the economy and improve the labor market.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Please don't make french bashing just because you don't like what this man, known only because of his brother PPDA, wrote.

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

Instead, it merely recognises religious organisations, according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations should refrain from intervening in policy-making. .Tensions occasionally erupt about alleged discrimination against minorities, especially against Muslims (see Islam in France).^ Gaza: Muslim extremists set shops on fire New group called 'The Sword of Islam' commits attacks against businesses that 'offend Islam.'

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ More than 1 million Muslims immigrated to France in the 1960s and early 1970s from North Africa, especially Algeria.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ December 16, 2009 MORE ON FRANCE AND: ROCK MUSIC , NEWS AND NEWS MEDIA , HALLYDAY, JOHNNY A French Official Is Assailed Over Remarks About Muslims .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Public health

.The French healthcare system was ranked first worldwide by the World Health Organization in 1997.^[21] It is almost entirely free for people affected by chronic diseases (Affections de longues durées) such as cancers, AIDS or Cystic Fibrosis.^ The vote was seen as rejection of the government's moves to make changes in the French social welfare system, with its generous welfare, health-care, and pension benefits.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad, consult the infectious diseases section of the World Health Organization (WHO) website .

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Political Reform The Influence of the French Revolution on 19th Century Literature and Romanticism The literature of a country is affected and influenced by how the people of that country live.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

Average life expectancy at birth is 79.73 years.

As of 2003, there are approximately 120,000 inhabitants of France who are living with AIDS [4]

.France, as all EU countries, is under an EU directive to reduce sewage discharge to sensitive areas.^ The United States, the sixth-largest exporter to France in recent data, faces stiff competition from domestic production, other EU member states, and third countries.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ According to the EU rules, the treaty does not come into force unless it has been endorsed by all 27 EU countries.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Agriculture France is the European Union's leading agricultural exporter, accounting for about 17% of all agricultural land within the EU-27.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.As of 2006, France is only 40 per cent in compliance with this directive, placing it as one of the lowest achieving countries within the EU with regard to this wastewater treatment standard [5].^ With at least 75 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Nevertheless, France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It’s funny how reading the memories of strangers about a place you’ve only been to one time can evoke such a collective consciousness, but there it is.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Culture

Main article: Culture of France

Cartesianism is prominent in France

Architecture

Main article: French architecture

Saint Louis' Sainte Chapelle represents the French impact on religious architecture.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The common practice, as far as I am aware, given that there are no marine specialists within the Department itself, is to seek technical counsel from one of the DfT’s agencies: i.e.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ "Although some parts of Maine and Louisiana do speak some French it is not commonly understood.

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

Gothic Architecture's old name was French Architecture (or Opus Francigenum). The term "Gothic" appeared later as a stylistic insult and was widely adopted. .Northern France is the home of some of the most important Gothic cathedrals and basilicas, the first of these being the Saint Denis Basilica (used as the royal necropolis) ; other majestuous and important French Gothic cathedrals are Notre-Dame de Chartres and Notre-Dame d'Amiens.^ Cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris .

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Pilgrimage of Notre-Dame-des-Miracles .

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Pilgrimage of Notre-Dame-des-Vertus .

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The kings were crowned in another important Gothic church: Notre-Dame de Reims.^ Cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris .

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Pilgrimage of Notre-Dame-des-Miracles .

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Pilgrimage of Notre-Dame-des-Vertus .

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Aside from churches, Gothic Architecture had been used for many religious palaces, the most important one being the Palais des Papes in Avignon.^ The Marais is home to the Place des la Vosges, one of the most beautiful and historic squares in all of Paris.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

^ [Extensive refs., not in DB. Gauls are the most important religious/ethnic group in the novel.

Adherents.com - Religious Groups in Literature 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.adherents.com [Source type: General]

^ An Overview of the Arabic Pronouns -- Ling Tong One of the most important lessons you have to learn when learning the Arabic language is that of Arabic pronouns.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

During the Middle Ages, fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers against their rivals. .When King Philip II took Rouen from King John, for example, he demolished the ducal castle to build a bigger one.^ Eudes de Sully (1197-1208), the successor of Maurice, courageously opposed King Philip II, when he wished to repudiate Ingeburge and wed Agnes de Méran.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Louis's successor, Philip II (Philip Augustus; 1180-1223), clashed repeatedly with Henry's sons, Richard I and John.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Fortified cities were also common, unfortunately most French castles did not survive the passage of time.^ Once you know the essential French verbs, just add the most common phrases and you are ...

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ You can also download a list of the 681 most common verbs in French (available in PDF format.

French II Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The most common, and unfortunately the most successful, is the simple “bump and snatch,” where an individual bumps into the tourist while at the same time reaching into the pockets/purse/bag.

France and Monaco 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC travel.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

This is why Richard Lionheart's castle -Château-Gaillard- was demolished as well as the Château de Lusignan. .Some important French castles that survived are Chinon Castle, Château d'Angers, the massive Château de Vincennes and the so called Cathar castles.^ You must use de and le, la, l', or les and the proper contractions (called partitives ) because in French you must always express some.

French II Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Free Paris Walks offers some guides that can be downloaded, and for any visitors who are somewhat proficient in French, the Mairie de Paris has some downloadable guides too.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Foire du Trône , Bois de Vincennes - April/May: two months of funfair extravaganza (the largest in France), compounded with some charms of yesteryear.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.Before the appearance of this architecture France had been using romanesque architecture like most of Western Europe (with the exception of the Iberian Peninsula, which used Mooresque architecture).^ In early 700 BC, Celts spread west from the Austrian Alps and upper Danube, through Germany and France and by early 500 BC they had crossed the Pyrenees and into over half of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) occupying western Europe.

The Ybase Forums: R1b3 - Celts from Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.ybase.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Some of the earliest anthropological and archaeological remains in Europe have been found in France, yet little is known of France before the Roman conquest (1st cent.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Trade France is the second-largest trading nation in Western Europe (after Germany).

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Some of the greatest examples of Romanesque Churches in France are the Saint Sernin Basilica in Toulouse and the remains of the Cluniac Abbey (largely destroyed during the Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars).^ Napoleon and the Revolution - France, 1815–1940 .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Genevieve is the patroness of Paris, but after the conversion of the church into a Pantheon of France's great men the saint had no church in Paris.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Richelieu's tomb in this church was violated during the Revolution ; the cardinal's head, which was taken away on this occasion, was restored to this church in 1866.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ This will be important particularly if eventually, in a year or two, such war is forced on us after all.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.It was the time of the French Renaissance and several artists from Italy and Spain were invited to the French court; many residential palaces, Italian-inspired, were built, mainly in the Loire Valley.^ The Renaissance outside Italy ) colonial Africa ( in education: Education in French colonies and former colonies ) colonial Middle East ( in education: Colonialism and its consequences ) degree system ( in degree (educational award) ) elementary education ( in elementary education ) higher education .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

Such residential castles were the Château de Chambord, the Château de Chenonceau, or the Château d'Amboise. Following the renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages, Baroque Architecture replaced the gothic one. .However, in France, baroque architecture found a greater success in the secular domain than in the religious one.^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ They were founded by St. Francis de Sales and St. Jane-Frances de Chantal, and in the middle of the nineteenth century one of them had as superior Venerable Marie de Sales Chappuis.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^[22] In the secular domain the Palace of Versailles has many baroque features. Jules Hardouin Mansart can be said to be the most influential French architect of the baroque style, with his very famous baroque dome of Les Invalides. .Some of the most impressive provincial baroque architecture is found in places that were not yet French such as the Place Stanislas in Nancy.^ Some of the earliest anthropological and archaeological remains in Europe have been found in France, yet little is known of France before the Roman conquest (1st cent.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

On the military architectural side Vauban designed some of the most efficient fortresses of Europe and became a very influential military architect.

.After the French revolution the Republicans favoured Neoclassicism although neoclassicism was introduced in France prior to the revolution with such building as the Parisian Pantheon or the Capitole de Toulouse.^ In 2008, in a move to advance France's competitiveness, the National Assembly passed four bills introduced by the French government to modernize the economy and improve the labor market.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In 1966, de Gaulle withdrew France from NATO's military bodies, although France remained a full participant in the alliance's political councils.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Such basic courtesies are EXPECTED in French society and ignorance of them by tourists is, I am convinced, why Parisians can wrongly be seen as rude.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

.Built during the French Empire the Arc de Triomphe and Sainte Marie-Madeleine represent this trend the best.^ Pavillon Pereire Arc de Triomphe*** .

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Sofitel Paris Arc de Triomphe .

Paris Hotels | Luxury, Boutique and Design Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.splendia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Arc de Triomphe .

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

Under Napoleon III a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth. .If some very extravagant buildings such as the neo-baroque Palais Garnier were built, the urban planing of the time was very organised and rigorous.^ The special characteristics of Celtic monasticism are: very rigorous asceticism - the monastery played an important role in religious organisation in the country.

12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]

For example Baron Haussmann rebuilt Paris. .These times also saw a strong Gothic-Revival trend across Europe, in France the associated architect was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc.^ In April, 1844, the Government entrusted Lassus and Viollet le Duc with a complete restoration, which was completed in 1864.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ A list of these associations has been affixed in recent times to the doors of all the churches in Paris.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ A truly artistic restoration was accomplished finally (1847-79) by Viollet le Duc.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.In the late 19th century Gustave Eiffel designed many bridges (like the Garabit viaduct) and remains one of the most influential bridge designer of his time, although he is best remembered for the Eiffel Tower.^ For here it likes me best to sing and spin, And needle hangings, listening to the din Of ocean, sitting some high tower within.

Mythical Realm: Accolon of Gaul by Madison Cawein 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC mythicalrealm.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Later, although the call might still be present, monastic life was seen all too often as a profession like many other, with a role in society.

12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]

^ I managed to talk the gaurd into letting me take just one photo, but, he was a lot kinder than you're likely to get in most places.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

.In the 20th century the Swiss Architect Le Corbusier designed several buildings in France.^ Seven years later, for the first time in the 20th century, the people of France went to the polls to elect a president by direct ballot.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.More recently French architects have combined both modern and old architectural styles.^ Old French PQ151-221 Modern PQ226-310 Poetry PQ400-491 Drama PQ500-591 Prose and prose fiction PQ601-771 .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Old French PC2813-(2898) Provencal (Old) PC3201-3366 Modern patois of South France PC3371-3420.5 Langue d'oc dialects PC3420.8-3495 .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

Paris Photo Gallery by Yergen Diesel at pbase.com 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.pbase.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France's largest financial district is La Defense, where a significant number of skyscrapers are located.^ Location: 08 District Historical monument - Sophistication - Business Centre - Privileged Location - Gastronomy The Concorde Operas status as a landmark of cultural and artistic significance was confirmed in 1...

Paris Hotels | Luxury, Boutique and Design Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.splendia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Located at the centre of the Opera district, between la Madeleine, Place Vendme and the large Department Stores, H...

Paris hotels - Hotel in paris Champs-Elysees St-Germain Opera Charming and Luxury hotels in Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.paris-paris.com [Source type: General]

^ Location: 08 District Exceptional location on the Place de la Concorde - Fully personalized service - Rich in history and ...

Paris Hotels | Luxury, Boutique and Design Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.splendia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; a good example of the way this has been done is the Millau Viaduct.^ Thank-you PS: this should be integrated into phplink, whit feature to select category 1 by 1 and a way to add the categories in sub category in phplink..

DMOZ Import Mod [Archive] - PHP Link Directory Forum 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC www.phplinkdirectory.com [Source type: General]

.Some famous modern French architects include Jean Nouvel or Paul Andreu.^ Additional features of our dictionaries include the modern technology for pronunciation of any English/French word, adjustable speech frequency, speed and volume.

French electronic dictionary and language translators. French - other languages dictionaries. 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC french.dictionaries.ectaco.com [Source type: General]

Literature

Main article: French literature

Molière is the most played author in the Comédie-Française

.French literature tracks its origins back to the Middle Ages.^ French society in the early Middle Ages - - The political history of France (c....

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.French was not yet a uniform language but was divided into several dialects (mainly: northern oïl, southern oc dialects).^ Old French PC2813-(2898) Provencal (Old) PC3201-3366 Modern patois of South France PC3371-3420.5 Langue d'oc dialects PC3420.8-3495 .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ That July, the country was divided into two: one section being ruled directly by the Germans, and a second controlled by the French ("Vichy" France) and which the Germans did not occupy.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Italian Language -- The Istituto Linguistico Mediterraneo Italian is spoken from about 70 million people in 29 countries which are mainly located in Southern Europe.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Each writer used his own spelling and grammar. .Several French mediaeval texts are not signed- such is the case with Tristan and Iseult, or with Lancelot and the Holy Grail, among many others.^ Subsequent lines connected Paris to several other French cities, as well as Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and, via the Channel Tunnel , Great Britain.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ In case of differences of opinion on the interpretation of the various texts, the French text shall prevail.

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Original source]

^ The native names of the gods assimilated to Mercury are many in number; in some cases they are epithets, derived from the names of places where a local Mercury was worshipped, in others they are derived from some function of the gods.

The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.worldspirituality.org [Source type: Original source]

.A significant part of mediaeval French poetry and literature was inspired by the Matter of France, such as the The Song of Roland and the various Chansons de geste.^ France also has a number of overseas departments, territories, and countries which, legally, are part of the French Republic.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Tour de France , various route - July: the world's greatest cycling race, culminates each year on the Champs-Élysées.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ The southwestern part of France comprises the small Pyrenean provinces of Roussillon , Foix , Barn , and French Navarre and the vast provinces of Gascony and Guienne .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The "Roman de Renart" was written in 1175 by Perrout de Saint Cloude, and told the story of the medieval character Reynard ('the Fox') ; it is also a popular example of early French story-telling.^ Animaux de la forêt (Forest Animals) A short, printable book about forest animals in French - for early readers.

French Language Activities at EnchantedLearning.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.enchantedlearning.com [Source type: General]

^ Pour la Saint-Valentin For Valentine's Day A short, printable book about Valentine's Day in French - for early readers.

French Language Activities at EnchantedLearning.com 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.enchantedlearning.com [Source type: General]

^ Golden Tulip Paris Porte de Saint Cloud .

France Hotels - Best Price Hotels in France with Instant Confirmation & Last Minute Bookings 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.southtravels.com [Source type: General]

.In spite of the anonymous character of many French writings of the Middle-Ages, some medieval writers became quite famous: Chrétien de Troyes, for instance.^ Although having less flights and destinations compared to Charles De Gaulle Airport, there are still many flights throughout Europe and also to destinations further away, including quite some flights to northern and western Africa as well as to Mauritius and Réunion and other French overseas territories and departments.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Monastic life was quite relaxed; solitude was fairly lax, since many people came to see the writer who had kept up many friendships outside.

12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]

^ The Benedictine Abbey of St-Germain-des-Prés, the foundation and medieval splendour of which have been described above, was long famous for the fair which it held.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.'Oc' culture was also quite influent in the Middle Ages.^ Economy, society, and culture in the Middle Ages (c.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Culturally, France has enjoyed a significant role in the world from the early Middle Ages.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Principalities north of the Loire The principalities of the south The monarchy Economy, society, and culture in the Middle Ages (c.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

An early example of a vernacular poet writing in Occitan was Duke William IX of Aquitaine.

.About the history of the French language, one of the most important writer is unquestionably François Rabelais.^ Or how about watching some bands at Bercy, one of the most popular venues in Paris?

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

^ If Someone Asked Me How To Learn a New Language -- Douglas Bower If someone asked me what I would recommend as the most important preparation for expatriating to Mexico it would be, Learn Spanish.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Learn to Speak the German Language -- John Davison German is one of the most widely spoken languages worldwide.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Modern French took a great deal from his style. His most famous work is quite probably Gargantua and Pantagruel. Later on, Jean de La Fontaine wrote his famous "Fables", a collection of short stories, written in verse, and usually ending with a "moral teaching".

.During the 17th century Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine and Molière's plays, Blaise Pascal and René Descartes 's moral and philosophical books deeply influenced the aristocracy leaving an important heritage for the authors of the following decades.^ The Archdiocese of Paris became more and more important in France during the nineteenth century.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ The belief spread during the fourteenth century, and the Dominican Jean de Montson, having maintained in 1387 that the theory was contrary to faith , was excommunicated .

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Jean Racine, oil painting, 17th century; in the National Museum of Versailles and of Trianons, …[Credits : Giraudon/Art Resource, New York] René Descartes, lithograph, 19th century.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.But it is most certainly in the 18th and 19th centuries which French literature and poetry reach its highest point.^ Private practice ) medical and surgical practices ( in medicine (science): Other developed countries ) public health history ( in public health: National developments in the 18th and 19th centuries ) labour and management .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Political Reform The Influence of the French Revolution on 19th Century Literature and Romanticism The literature of a country is affected and influenced by how the people of that country live.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

^ The cathedral was heavily damaged during the French Revolution but then was restored in the early 19th century.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.The 18th century saw the writings of such huge writers, essayists and moralists as Voltaire, Denis Diderot and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.^ But it was especially against the philosophes that this prelate waged war ; pamphlets were written against him, among them the "Lettre de Jean Jacques Rousseau à monseigneur l'archévêque de Paris".

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

As concerns French children's literature in those times, Charles Perrault was probably the most prolific writer, with stories such as: "Puss in Boots", "Cinderella", "Sleeping Beauty" and "Bluebeard".

.The 19th century saw the birth of many French novels of world renown; Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas and Jules Verne are probably among the most famous among these writers, both in and outside of France, with such highly popular novels such as The Three Musketeers, The Count of Monte-Cristo, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, or The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.^ Today Notre Dame is one of the most popular sights in Paris and of France.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ After English, French is the most popular language used all over the world.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Since 2000, a major cleaning effort on the west façade of Notre Dame has been underway, removing centuries of filth mainly from massive industrial activity.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.Other 19th century fiction writers include Emile Zola, Guy de Maupassant, Théophile Gautier and Stendhal.^ Other photographs and decorative arts from similar time span (late 19th century/early 20th century) are also present.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Private practice ) medical and surgical practices ( in medicine (science): Other developed countries ) public health history ( in public health: National developments in the 18th and 19th centuries ) labour and management .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.Symbolist poetry of the turn of the 19th century also proved to be a strong movement in French poetry, with artists such as Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine and Stéphane Mallarmé.^ French Poetry 17th Century .

French Language and Literature 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC ucblibraries.colorado.edu [Source type: Academic]

^ Political Reform The Influence of the French Revolution on 19th Century Literature and Romanticism The literature of a country is affected and influenced by how the people of that country live.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

^ The cathedral was heavily damaged during the French Revolution but then was restored in the early 19th century.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.Now become famous outside of France, as well (whereas they used to be mostly known inside of France) are Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Albert Camus.^ In France, it is common to use déjeuner to mean to have breakfast as well as to have lunch .

French II Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Is MJ more widely-known in France than EC (well, perhaps not now)?

Charles Bremner - Times Online - WBLG: French Culture Strikes Back 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC timescorrespondents.typepad.com [Source type: General]

^ Albert Camus was one of the foundations of the existentialist movements in France.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

.One of the most well-known 20th century writers is Antoine de St.-Exupéry, whose "Little Prince" has been translated and become a bestseller in a great many countries, remaining popular both with children and adults.^ Or how about watching some bands at Bercy, one of the most popular venues in Paris?

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

^ Today Notre Dame is one of the most popular sights in Paris and of France.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ It allows, just like the most known pair ( inetd + tcpd ), to set access control to a computer, but its capacities extend well beyond.

LinuxFocus Index 11 September 2009 5:46 UTC mercury.chem.pitt.edu [Source type: Original source]

.Nowadays, the Prix Goncourt (first given in 1903) rewards "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year". It has quite probably become France's best-known contemporary literary award.^ In their 30 year-long search for truth, the relatives of the trawlermen who lost their lives on the Gaul had to compete against a number of adversaries whose interests would not have been best served if the reasons for the tragedy had become known.

The trawler Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC the-trawler-gaul.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Only the best of luxury and boutique hotels in France Paris become Tablet Hotels - the most reliable seal of approval in the hotel industry.

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ By MAA DE LA BAUME; COMPILED BY RACHEL LEE HARRIS The best-known museums in France were open on Sunday after a four-day strike.

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Sport

Main article: Sport in France

Tour de France

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

.France has hosted events such as the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, and hosted the 2007 Rugby Union World Cup.^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ France hosted a donors’ conference for the Palestinian Authority in December 2007 and President Sarkozy was active in developing a ceasefire during the Gaza fighting at the end of 2008.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Stade de France in Paris is the largest stadium in France and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup final, and hosted the 2007 Rugby World Cup final in October 2007. France also hosts the annual Tour de France, the most famous road bicycle race in the world.^ Paris, Ile de France, France .

Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]

^ October 17, 2007 world News Reference Material on France .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France's capital and largest city is Paris .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.France is also famous for its 24 Hours of Le Mans sports car endurance race held in the Sarthe department.^ Living in Le Mans, France .

italki: Find French language partners, practice with a native speaker, language exchange 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.italki.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Amélie 56, Female, From Le Mans, France .

italki: Find French language partners, practice with a native speaker, language exchange 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.italki.com [Source type: Original source]

.Several major tennis tournaments take place in France, including the Paris Masters and the French Open, one of the four Grand Slam tournaments.^ The Panthéon , inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, is the final resting place of France's notables and great heroes, including Voltaire, Rousseau and Zola.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Today Notre Dame is one of the most popular sights in Paris and of France.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ The Marais is home to the Place des la Vosges, one of the most beautiful and historic squares in all of Paris.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

.France is the country of creation of the Modern Olympic Games, due to a French aristocrat, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, in the end of the 19th century.^ In 2008, in a move to advance France's competitiveness, the National Assembly passed four bills introduced by the French government to modernize the economy and improve the labor market.

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Nevertheless, France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ France ; in metalwork: Mid-19th century onward ) piqué work ( in piqué work (metalwork) ) mosaic ( in mosaic (art): Medieval mosaics in Western Europe ) motion pictures ( in history of the motion picture: France ; in history of the motion picture: France ; in history of the motion picture: France ) music .

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

.After Athens in reference to the Greek origin of the ancient Olympic Games, Paris hosted the second Games in 1900. Paris was also the first home of the IOC, before moving to Lausanne for more neutrality.^ The KC Chiefs used to spend the night there before home games.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.During the Modern era, France has hosted the Olympic Games fives times: two Summer Games (1900 and 1924, both in Paris) and three Winter Games (1924 in Chamonix -the first edition-, 1968 in Grenoble and 1992 in Albertville).^ The IDF has also dramatically increased its training regiments and has, at all times, between two-to-three brigades training in the Golan Heights.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Enlightenment Paris, France in Three Days If you only have three days to spend in Paris, this guide makes sure that you get the most out of your trip.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

^ The Archdiocese of Paris became more and more important in France during the nineteenth century.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.Both the national football team and the national rugby union team are nicknamed "Les Bleus" in reference to the team's shirt color as well as the national French tricolor flag.^ "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas .

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.wipo.int [Source type: Original source]

.The football team is regarded as one of the most skillful teams in the world with one FIFA World Cup victory in 1998, one FIFA World Cup second place in 2006, and two European Championships in 1984 and 2000.^ The Marais is home to the Place des la Vosges, one of the most beautiful and historic squares in all of Paris.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

^ France is one of the major economic powers of the world and was a founding member of the European Community ( see European Union ).

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

^ Nevertheless, France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations.

CIA - The World Factbook -- France 20 September 2009 14:27 UTC www.cia.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

The top national club competition is the Ligue 1. .Rugby is very popular, particularly so in the southwest of France and Paris.^ Today Notre Dame is one of the most popular sights in Paris and of France.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ Parking fees, particularly of private carparks, are also very high in Paris.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ The RER B is the cheapest and fastest way to travel to Paris and while it is safe in general, care is required particularly for very early or very late rides.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

.The national team have competed at every Rugby World Cup, and take part in the annual Six Nations Championship.^ It would take too long to recount every one of my labours, or even part of them.

12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The French rugby team has never won a World Cup (despite having reached the semi-finals on all but one occasion, and playing in two finals) , yet it has won sixteen Six Nations Championship, including eight grand slams.^ It all has to be paid for, including the workers, and there is no problem doing it," said one of the officials.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ There isn't one, but several Englishes that people all over the world use to communicate.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ Liaison: French slurs most words together in a sentence, so if a word ends in a consonant that is not pronounced and the next word starts with a vowel or silent h, slur the two together as if it were one word.

French I Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.They are considered one of the top teams in the world.^ Everyone is particularly sensitive when they are the ones being criticized, Rickman said, adding that some people consider anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism to be the same thing.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Learning English -- Hugh O'Connell Many people consider it one of globalisations greatest inequities that English, one of the worlds hardest languages, has become the international one.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ One time on my 3&2 baseball team, they sponsored our uniforms and I remember they had a store I think one location at Metcalf South.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The top national club competition is the Top 14.^ Competition: Top 14 .

Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]

French comic books

Main article: Franco-Belgian comics

Asterix the gaulois, famous french comic's character

.French comic books and Francophone Belgian ones are often discussed together.^ Liaison: French slurs most words together in a sentence, so if a word ends in a consonant that is not pronounced and the next word starts with a vowel or silent h, slur the two together as if it were one word.

French I Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.These two countries share a long lasting tradition in comics and comic books.^ In these last two verses, those who want to leave the monastery are considered.

12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]

In French they are called bandes dessinées, or more simply BD. .It is important to note the French term does not indicate the subject matters.^ Your French translation will only be done by in-country translators with proven experience in the subject matter of your original document A dedicated Project Manager, who is also an experienced linguist, will be assigned to your translation project.

French Translation Services - English to French and French to English or any of over 140 languages 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.appliedlanguage.com [Source type: Original source]

^ French to English translation contracts by about 10-15% depending on your subject matter.

French Translation Services - English to French and French to English or any of over 140 languages 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.appliedlanguage.com [Source type: Original source]

.In common English usage the term comics is often associated to what is fun, or funnies while the French language comics are often referred as the le neuvième art (the ninth art).^ French is a beautiful language that can be fun to learn.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ ECTACO iTRAVL NTL-2F English <-> French Talking 2-way Language Communicator and Electronic Dictionary .

French electronic dictionary and language translators. French - other languages dictionaries. 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC french.dictionaries.ectaco.com [Source type: General]

^ Language learning sections includes an electronic English grammar book, English and French irregular verbs, a comprehensive TOEFL guide with sample tests and a linguistic game.

French electronic dictionary and language translators. French - other languages dictionaries. 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC french.dictionaries.ectaco.com [Source type: General]

.In the USA several French comics would be seen as Graphic novels rather than simply comics.^ Most American television shows are eventually broadcast in France, though several months later than in the US and dubbed in French.

French VII Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar 22 September 2009 21:56 UTC www.ielanguages.com [Source type: General]

^ They would rather lose a car sale than lose a 50 cent Nausau.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ It is clear that Israel would have to receive American approval for such an operation, and would prefer receiving it from Bush, who is friendly to Israel, rather than gambling on his successor.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

.The famous irreductible Gaulois Asterix is the character of the most famous French comics outside France itself, although destined to children at first the BD includes many subtilities and word games that require some culture to be understood.^ Although having less flights and destinations compared to Charles De Gaulle Airport, there are still many flights throughout Europe and also to destinations further away, including quite some flights to northern and western Africa as well as to Mauritius and Réunion and other French overseas territories and departments.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ French Culture Orientalist Aesthetics Many of the most famous French artists during the latter half of the nineteenth and early half of the twentieth centuries sojourned to Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco to paint, write, and observe.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

^ Confederation Aix-en-Provence: The Place to See French Culture and Young Vibrancy It's hard to explain what's so captivating about Aix-en-Provence,a town in the center of Southern France's famous Provence region.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

The Black Moon Chronicles were also quite important and inspired a generation of Francophone role-players. Olivier Ledroit who drew albums of the Black Moon Chronicles designed characters and backgrounds for the Heroes of Might and Magic V video game. .A new artistic movement called La Nouvelle Manga is trying to merge the Franco-Belgian style with the Japanese one, as manga are very popular in France and France had an early manga culture.^ Today Notre Dame is one of the most popular sights in Paris and of France.

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

^ One plan for renovation that I heard about was that the mall would be leveled between Macy’s and Sears with a newer strip mall style of stores in the new space.

Metcalf South Shopping Center; Overland Park, Kansas | Labelscar: The Retail History Blog 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.labelscar.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Culturally, France has enjoyed a significant role in the world from the early Middle Ages.

France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]

French comics are quite present in science-fiction and remain influential in the domain. Jean Giraud, Philippe Druillet and Enki Bilal (Serbian born) are examples of French SF writers. .Enki Bilal is famous most notably for the Nikopol Trilogy which as been made a movie named Immortel.^ Several notable people have made it famous.

12 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.scourmont.be [Source type: Original source]

^ The area around Madeleine contains Fauchon, the most famous name in Paris gourmet foods, and also a variety of more specialized competitors.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

Druillet has been named the space architect because of his backdrops of gigantic structures inspired by Art Nouveau, Indian temples and Gothic cathedrals. Jean Giraud, also known as Moebius, is famous outside France for his works on movies such as: Tron, The Abyss, Willow and The Fifth Element and his comic The Incal. .Jean Giraud and Philippe Druillet worked together several times and founded Métal Hurlant, a magazine specialised in science-fiction published as Heavy Metal in the USA. There are many others important artists in France like Thierry Cailleteau who wrote Aquablue who did not achieve fame outside of their homeland.^ There were others outside Egypt who thought of this much before.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ One of the earliest references to the Fetty name or to a variant is a record of one named Faitis who appeared on the Paris, France tax roles in 1292, hundreds of years after 1292 our surname is found in many countries in and near France to this day.

The Ybase Forums: R1b3 - Celts from Gaul 24 January 2010 17:10 UTC www.ybase.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ You can do it in your own time; there isnt a time limit to when you have to have a piece of work in or anything like that.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

Foreign comics often get good receptions within France. .Several Belgian comics met great success in France such as Blake and Mortimer, XIII or The Adventures of Tintin.^ Under his successor, Louis XIII (1610-43), and in the minority of Louis XIV, two great statesmen successively shaped the destiny of the kingdom-Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin .

France News - Breaking World France News - The New York Times 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC topics.nytimes.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

As a consequence French and Belgian artists often worked together to produce comics, and example would be Blueberry by Jean-Michel Charlier and Jean Giraud. The Italian artist Hugo Pratt found a large public with the Corto Maltese comics; Corto Maltese's success in France was such that it was made animated movies by Canal+. Manga most notably are very influencials. Manga culture is particularly strong in France.

Marianne

Main article: Marianne

Masonic Marianne bronze

Marianne is a symbol of the French Republic. .She is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic and first appeared at the time of the French Revolution.^ It was the president who appointed a cleric for the first time since the revolution to head Tehran University - the country's most political and prestigious university.

Israel News 22 September 2009 20:14 UTC zionism-israel.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

^ Time Zone A New Dawn: America's New Friends, the French Nicolas Sarkozy has been elected President of the French Republic.

French Culture - Associated Content - Topic 22 September 2009 21:59 UTC www.associatedcontent.com [Source type: General]

Under the Third Republic, statues, and especially busts, of Marianne began to proliferate, particularly in town halls. She was represented in several different manners, depending on whether the aim was to emphasise her revolutionary nature or her "wisdom". Over time, the Phrygian cap was felt to be too seditious, and was replaced by a diadem or a crown. In recent times, famous French women have been used as the model for those busts. Recent ones include Sophie Marceau, and Laetitia Casta. She also features on everyday articles such as postage stamps and coins.

Miscellaneous topics

Mont Saint Michel, a popular tourist site in France

Icon of Paris, the Eiffel tower at sunrise

Palais des papes (Palace of the Popes) , Avignon

Description of the flag: three vertical bands of blue (hoist side) , white, and red became the flag during the French Revolution and made popular by Marquis de Lafayette; known as the drapeau tricolore (Tricolour Flag).
^ Porte de Versailles, near the “Parc des Expositions” and the “Palais des Sports” (the show hall) on the river's left side.
Paris Hostel Search: Book Cheap Paris Hostels with HostelBookers.com 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.hostelbookers.com [Source type: General]
^ He went into exile during the Revolution , and at the Concordat resigned his see at the pope's request.
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Deteriorating economic conditions and popular resentment against the complicated system of privileges granted the nobility and clerics were among the principal causes of the French Revolution (1789-94).
France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It is traditional to refer to the three colours in the order: blue, white, red. (bleu, blanc, rouge) ; blue and red are the colours of Paris, while white was the colour of the Bourbon monarchy. .The white inserted between the blue and the red expresses the idea that the king was under control of the people.
Although commonly associated with the French Revolution and suggested by Robespierre in December, 1790, France's motto, "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité" was not adopted until the Revolutions of 1848 in France.
^ The Treaty of Arras between Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy , and Charles VII, restored Paris under the dominion of the kings of France .
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During the French Revolution , in the period following 1790, the treasury was despoiled of many of its precious objects, which were sent to the mint to be melted down.
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Paris 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.newadvent.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ French Love Phrases - Quotes, Poems and Inspiration -- Sarah Roles Looking for french love phrases and unique ideas for expressing romance?
Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]
^[23]

The national holiday of France since 1880 is the Fête Nationale (National Holiday) , colloquially known as le 14 juillet, officially celebrating the Fête de la Fédération (14 July 1790) and not the storming of the Bastille (14 July 1789) as is often believed, even by a majority of French people, and is the reason why the holiday is referred to as Bastille Day in English.
^ France from 1789 to 1815 - - France since 1815 .
France -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: Reference]
^ Fête Nationale (14 Juillet) , nationwide - 14 July: commemoration of Fête de la Fédération, with festivities on the Champs-Élysées attended by the President of France and other dignitaries.
Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]
^ Hotel de la Bastille .
Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]
.On the occasion of the Fête de la Fédération, celebrated exactly one year after the storming of the Bastille, all the representatives of the provinces of France gathered on the Champ de Mars in Paris in presence of the king Louis XVI and proclaimed the national unity of France.
^ Paris , France Palais des Congres Paris .
Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]
^ Paris, Ile de France, France .
Luxury & Boutique Hotels in Paris | Tablet Hotels 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.tablethotels.com [Source type: News]
^ Paris , France Casino de Paris .
Premium Paris Concert Tickets & Paris Football Tickets Online! 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.worldticketshop.com [Source type: General]
They vowed to remain faithful to "the Nation, the Law, the King".

This day is considered by French Republicans as the real birth of France: France is no more a country made up of provinces conquered by kings, but a country of provinces and men who freely agree to form a common Nation. This concept of a Nation agreed upon is opposed to the German concept of a Nation based on ethnicity and race, and it was responsible for much of the conflicts between France and Germany in the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Alsace was a German land that had been annexed by the conquest of the French kings, while France considered that although Alsace had indeed been a conquered province in the first place, it had legitimately and freely become a part of France by the oath of 14 July 1790. .It is thus no surprise that the 14th of July was proclaimed the National Holiday of France in 1880, 9 years after Germany had reunited with Alsace-Lorraine.^ Trade France is the second-largest trading nation in Western Europe (after Germany).

France (12/09) 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]

Despite being associated with the .Fête de la Fédération, 14 July irked many French monarchists, to whom it recalled the bloody memory of the storming of the Bastille.^ First I went to MATPHOT, at 30 Bvd de la Bastille (12th Arrond.

A Photographer's Guide to Paris - photo.net 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC photo.net [Source type: General]

French monarchists formerly wore a black armband each 14 July in defiance of the national holiday.

The French city of Avignon replaced Rome as home to the Papacy between 1309-1377. The town remained under papal control until 1791, when it was incorporated into France.

Popular tourist sites include: (according to a 2003 ranking [6] visitors per year) : Eiffel Tower (6.2 million) , Louvre Museum (5.7 million) , Palace of Versailles (2.8 million) , Orsay Museum (2.1 million) , Arc de Triomphe (1.2 million) , Centre Pompidou (1.2 million) , Mont-Saint-Michel (1 million) , Château de Chambord (711,000) ,Sainte-Chapelle (683,000) , Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg (549,000) , Puy de Dôme (500,000) , Musée Picasso (441,000) , Carcassonne (362,000).
^ Between Montparnasse and the Eiffel tower.
Paris Apartment Rentals - Holiday, Vacation Apartments 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.beau-paris.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Musée du Louvre draws millions of people each year.
Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]
^ Pavillon Pereire Arc de Triomphe*** .
Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]
Other very popular [7] and well-known tourist sites include: Palace of the Popes, Avignon, Disneyland Resort Paris, the châteaux of the Loire Valley, the ski resorts of the French Alps or Pyrenees, Tahiti and the lagoons of French Polynesia, etc.

International rankings

Total GDP, 2005: 6th (out of 180) (World Bank data)
Total value of foreign trade (imports and exports) , 2002: 4th (out of 185)
Reporters Without Borders world-wide press freedom index 2005: Rank 30 out of 167 countries
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2006 - 18th of 163 countries

Notes and references

^ French overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean only.
^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named metropolitan_France
^ Elizabeth M. Hallam & Judith Everard – Capetian France 937-1328, chapter 1 "The origins of Western Francia" page 7: "What did the name Francia mean in the tenth and eleventh centuries? It still retained a wide general use; both Byzantine and western writers at the time of the crusades described the western forces as Franks. But it was also taking on more specific meanings. From 911 onwards the west Frankish king was known as the Rex Francorum -king of the Franks- and the name Francia could be used to describe his kingdom, as it was also used by the east Frankish, or German, kingdom... The Robertines, forerunners of the Capetians, were duces francorum, dukes of the Franks, and their 'duchy' covered in theory most of northern France. Then as royal power contracted further, leaving the early Capetians only a small bloc of lands around Paris and Orleans, the term Francia was used for this region."
^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named elevation
^ [[French Senate|]]
^ Comparison of recognised and alleged nuclear powers.
^ L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 page 294
^ http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/Fiches/voiture/rub3.htm
^ {{cite web |author=[[Microsoft Excel|]]
^ {{cite web |author=PDF format
^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tourism.stat
^ DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie (April 2007). Électricité en France : les principaux résultats en 2006.. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
^ Inflow of third-country nationals by country of nationality
^ Immigration and the 2007 French Presidential Elections
^ {{cite web |author=INSEE |publisher= |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1 |title=Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005 |date=[[UNHCR|]]
^ Jeanjean, Henri. "Language Diversity in Europe: Can the EU Prevent the Genocide of Frnech Linguistic Minorities?
^ Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică, [[Cotidianul|]]
^ La Vie, issue 3209, 2007-03-01 (French)
^ Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 - page 11. Retrieved on 2007-05-05.
^ http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1131.
^ the ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis
^ Claude Lébedel - Les Splendeurs du Baroque en France: Histoire et splendeurs du baroque en France page 9: "Si en allant plus loin, on prononce les mots "art baroque en France", on provoque alors le plus souvent une moue interrogative, parfois seulement étonnée, parfois franchement réprobatrice: Mais voyons, l'art baroque n'existe pas en France!"
^ {{cite web |author=French Ministry of Foreign Affairs

External links

Articles on this topic in other Wikimedia projects can be found at: France

French government

Official site of the French Embassy in the United Kingdom
Official site of the French public service - Contains many links to various administrations and institutions

Country profiles

France, from the Encyclopædia Britannica
France, from the CIA World Factbook
Phone numbers from France Télécom]

{{{2}}} travel guide from Wikitravel

Culture

Cocorico! French culture
Contemporary French Civilization, journal, University of Illinois.

Sovereign states of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia² · Austria · Azerbaijan¹ · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus² · Czech Republic · Denmark³ · Estonia · Finland · France¹ · Georgia¹ · Germany · Greece¹ · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy³ · Kazakhstan¹ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands³ · Norway³ · Poland · Portugal³ · Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) · Romania · Russia¹ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain³ · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey¹ · Ukraine · United Kingdom³ · Vatican City

¹ Has part of its territory outside Europe. ² Entirely in Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. ³ Has dependencies or similar territories outside Europe.

Countries

bordering the Mediterranean Sea

Template:Country data Albania
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France
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For dependent and other territories, see Dependent territory

and List of unrecognized countries

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Members of the United Nations Security Council

Permanent members	China · France · Russia · United Kingdom · United States
Term ends December 31 2007	Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) · Ghana · Peru · Qatar · Slovakia
Term ends December 31 2008	Belgium · Indonesia · Italy · Panama · South Africa

Template:Council of Europe members Template:OECD Template:NATO Template:Latinunion

Member states and observers of La Francophonie

Members

Albania · Andorra · Belgium (French Community)</span> · Benin · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada (New Brunswick · Quebec) · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Cyprus¹ · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Dominica · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia · France (including French Guiana · Guadeloupe · Martinique · Saint Pierre and Miquelon) · Gabon · Ghana¹ · Greece · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Haiti · Laos · Luxembourg · Lebanon · Madagascar · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Moldova · Monaco · Morocco · Niger · Romania · Rwanda · St. Lucia · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Switzerland · Togo · Tunisia · Vanuatu · Vietnam</td>

</td></tr>

Observers

Armenia · Austria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Georgia · Hungary · Lithuania · Mozambique · Poland · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Ukraine

</td></tr>

¹ Associate member. </td></tr></table>

Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

Albania · Angola · Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Armenia · Australia · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Benin · Bolivia · Botswana · Brazil · Brunei (Brunei Darussalam) · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada · Central African Republic · Chad · Chile · China (PRC) · Colombia · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Costa Rica · Côte d'Ivoire · Croatia · Cuba · Djibouti · Dominica · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · Egypt · El Salvador · European Union¹ · Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) · Fiji · Gabon · The Gambia · Georgia · Ghana · Grenada · Guatemala · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Haiti · Honduras · Hong Kong² · Iceland · India · Indonesia · Israel · Jamaica · Japan · Jordan · Kenya · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lesotho · Liechtenstein · Macau² · Madagascar · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Mexico · Moldova · Mongolia · Morocco · Mozambique · Myanmar · Namibia · Nepal · New Zealand · Nicaragua · Niger · Nigeria · Norway · Oman · Pakistan · Panama · Papua New Guinea · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Qatar · Rwanda · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Suriname · Swaziland · Switzerland · Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu|Chinese Taipei³ · Tanzania · Thailand · Togo · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tunisia · Turkey · Uganda · United Arab Emirates · United States · Uruguay · Venezuela · Vietnam · Zambia · Zimbabwe

All twenty-seven member states of the European Union are also members of the WTO in their own right: Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands and Netherlands Antilles • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • United Kingdom.
Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
Designated name for the Republic of China.
</div> </div></td></tr></table>

Template:Latin Europe

Coordinates

: 47° N 2° E

roa-rup:Gallia

.This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia.^ Basic Instruction for French Adjectives -- Ling Tong Just as in English, adjectives are used in the French language to describe nouns.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ After English, French is the most popular language used all over the world.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

^ English Language: Successfully Reduce and Eliminate Your Accent -- Patrick Bilson I used to have an accent.

Free Language Lessons - 27 January 2010 23:54 UTC www.eslteachersboard.com [Source type: Original source]

The original content was at France. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. .As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.^ Edit Add to Watchlist Print History Discuss Except where otherwise noted, content of this article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License .

Paris - Wiki Travel Guide - Travellerspoint 28 January 2010 0:38 UTC www.travellerspoint.com [Source type: General]

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