From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ Airport Cities, International Gateways to Regional Economic Development, Frankfurt, Germany .- Frankfurt Conferences, Conventions, Trade Shows and Meetings 16 January 2010 8:16 UTC www.allconferences.com [Source type: Reference]
In
English, this city's name translates to "Frankfurt on the Main" (pronounced like English
mine or German
mein). The city is located on an ancient
ford on the river
Main, the German word for which is "Furt". A part of early
Franconia, the inhabitants were the early
Franks. Thus the city's name receives its legacy as being the "ford of the Franks".
[2]
Situated on the
Main River, Frankfurt is the
financial and
transportation centre of Germany and the largest
financial centre in
continental Europe. It is seat of the
European Central Bank, the
German Federal Bank, the
Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the
Frankfurt Trade Fair, as well as several large commercial banks.
.^ Commissioned by and on permanent exhibit at Denver International Airport This is one of two sets of murals (four total) Two smaller at 12 ft.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Until now, our emphasis has been on Europe where we use our airport network to good effect.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Airport Cities, International Gateways to Regional Economic Development, Frankfurt, Germany .- Frankfurt Conferences, Conventions, Trade Shows and Meetings 16 January 2010 8:16 UTC www.allconferences.com [Source type: Reference]
.^ The German influence is only in two pictures one is the boy with the hammer and the second is the girl in the casket who looks very Germanic insofar as her clothing looks like southern German clothing.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
[3] Frankfurt lies in the former
American Occupation Zone of Germany, and it was formerly the headquarters city of the U.S. Army in Germany.
Among English speakers the city is commonly known simply as "Frankfurt", though
Germans occasionally call it by its full name when it is necessary to distinguish it from the other (significantly smaller) "Frankfurt" in the state of
Brandenburg,
Frankfurt (Oder).
Overview
Frankfurt has been
Germany's financial centre for centuries, and it is the home of a number of major banks and brokerages. The three pillars of Frankfurt's economy are finance, transport, and trade fairs. The
Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far Germany's largest, and is one of the world's most important. Frankfurt is also the seat of the
European Central Bank which sets monetary policy for the
Eurozone economy, and of the
German Federal Bank. Over 300 national and international banks are represented including the headquarters of the major German banks.
Frankfurt has an excellent transportation infrastructure, and the
Frankfurt International Airport is a major European aviation hub.
.^ What also makes me a little uneasy is last time I was at a new Frankfurt Airport in Germany the first thing I thought that it was designed like a gas chamber.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ InterCityHotel Frankfurt- Airport Am Luftbrückendenkmal 1 60549 Frankfurt am Main Start your holiday or business travel comfortably from Europe’s 2nd largest airport or have a meeting in a relaxing atmosphere.- Intercity Frankfurt Airport for Frankfurt Trade Shows and Frankfurt Trade Fairs 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC nurembergtoyfair.com [Source type: News]

Panorama of Frankfurt seen from the Maintower observation deck
History
In the area of the
Römer,
Roman settlements were established, probably in the 1st century; some artifacts from that era are found even to this day. The city district
Bonames has a name probably dating back to Roman times—it is thought to be derived from
bona me(n)sa.
Nida (Heddernheim) was also a Roman civitas capital.
.^ Intercity Frankfurt Airport for Frankfurt Trade Shows and Frankfurt Trade Fairs Featured Trade Shows K Plastics & Rubber October 27 - November 3, 2010 Turning Vision into Business It's K time!- Intercity Frankfurt Airport for Frankfurt Trade Shows and Frankfurt Trade Fairs 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC nurembergtoyfair.com [Source type: News]
The fair became particularly important when similar fairs in French Beaucaire lost attraction around 1380. Book trade fairs have been held in Frankfurt since 1478.
In 1372 Frankfurt became a
Reichsstadt (en:
Imperial city), i.e. directly subordinate to the
Holy Roman Emperor and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman.
.^ An interesting fact about that city is that it has been retouched and painted over many times during the years, as if it represents something important for the creators.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
After the end of the war, Frankfurt regained its wealth.
In the
Napoleonic Wars Frankfurt was occupied or bombarded several times by French troops. It nevertheless still remained a free city until the total collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805/6. In 1806 it become part of the
principality of Aschaffenburg under the
Fürstprimas (
Prince-Primate),
Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg. This also meant that Frankfurt was incorporated into the
confederation of the Rhine. In 1810 Dalberg adopted the title of a
Grand Duke of Frankfurt.
Napoleon intended to make his adopted son
Eugène de Beauharnais, already
Prince de Venise ("
prince of Venice", a newly established primogeniture in Italy), Grand Duke of Frankfurt after Dalberg's death (since the latter as a Catholic bishop had no legitimate heirs). The Grand Duchy remained a short episode lasting from 1810 to 1813, when the military tide turned in favor of the Anglo-Prussian lead allies, which overturned the Napoleonic order of central Europe. Dalberg abdicated in favor of Eugène de Beauharnais, which of course was only a symbolic action, as the latter effectively never did rule after the ruin of the French armies and Frankfurt being taken by the allies.
After Napoleon's final defeat and abdication, the
Congress of Vienna (1812–1815, redrawing the map of Europe) dissolved the grand-duchy, and Frankfurt entered the newly founded
German Confederation (till 1866) as a free city, becoming the seat of its
Bundestag, the confederal parliament where the nominally presiding
Habsburg Emperor of Austria was represented by an Austrian "presidential envoy".
The Frankfurt Parliament at St. Paul's Church in 1848
After the ill-fated
revolution of 1848, Frankfurt was the seat of the first democratically elected German parliament, the
Frankfurt Parliament, which met in the
Frankfurter Paulskirche (
St. Paul's Church) and was opened on 18 May 1848. The institution failed in 1849 when the
Prussian king declared that he would not accept "a crown from the gutter". In the year of its existence, the assembly developed a common constitution for a unified Germany, with the Prussian king as its monarch.
Frankfurt lost its independence after the
Austro-Prussian War as Prussia in 1866 annexed several smaller states, among them the free city of Frankfurt. The Prussian administration incorporated Frankfurt into its province of
Hesse-Nassau. The formerly independent towns of Bornheim and Bockenheim were incorporated in 1890.
In 1914 the citizens of Frankfurt founded the
University of Frankfurt, later called Johann Wolfgang Goethe University.
.^ Not from the masons, for if they have all the secrets and there is some deeper knowledge to the universe perhaps they are not the only ones and we are not alone.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Or start some made up world war.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ An interesting fact about that city is that it has been retouched and painted over many times during the years, as if it represents something important for the creators.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
However, during the
Nazi era, the
synagogues of Frankfurt were destroyed.
.^ God didn’t prevent World War II. How can you be so ignorant ?- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ An interesting fact about that city is that it has been retouched and painted over many times during the years, as if it represents something important for the creators.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
Post-war reconstruction took place in a sometimes simple modern style, thus irrevocably changing the architectural face of Frankfurt. Only very few landmark buildings have been reconstructed historically, albeit in a simplified manner.
The collection of historically significant
Cairo Genizah documents of the Municipal Library was destroyed when the city was bombed. According to
Arabist and Genizah scholar
S.D. Goitein, "not even handlists indicating its contents have survived."
[9]
.^ Colorado does have a history of being the state where safe harbour was to be found in the case of nucular war etc?- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
The city was part of the
American Zone of Occupation of Germany. The Military Governor for the United States Zone (1945–1949) and the United States High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG) (1949–1952) had their headquarters in the
IG Farben Building, intentionally left undamaged by the Allies' wartime bombardment.
.^ Are they remnants of past pagan beliefs that never went away?- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
Since 1949 it is used to house the radio studios of Hessische Rundfunk.
.^ What also makes me a little uneasy is last time I was at a new Frankfurt Airport in Germany the first thing I thought that it was designed like a gas chamber.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Thats why Christ said “do unto others as you would have done unto you”, and many of the great light-bringers carried the same message.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ She thought, like many others, it was the symbol of the “Bronco’s” team maskot and that the blue was representative of their team color and the eyes were suppose to be orange, (another team color) but look red.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
Reconstruction (1981–1984) of six houses at the east side of the
Römerberg that were destroyed in World War II
.^ An interesting fact about that city is that it has been retouched and painted over many times during the years, as if it represents something important for the creators.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A fellow (Phil Schnieder was his name I think) talked of a connection to an underground transport system which has long been rumored (and exists, I think).- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
That system includes a suburban rail system (
S-Bahn) capable of reaching outlying communities as well as the city centre, and a deep underground light rail system with smaller coaches (
U-Bahn) also capable of travelling above ground on street rails.
Since the postwar period Frankfurt has emerged once again as the financial and transportation centre of Germany.
Population
.^ Kaiserin Hotel Frankfurt City Center .- Nh Airport Hotel Frankfurt Germany - BEST DISCOUNT RATES Hotel Deals 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC www.agoda.com [Source type: General]
In addition to the ethnic German majority, the city contains sizable immigrant populations from
Turkey,
Albania,
Croatia,
Serbia,
Macedonia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
India,
Pakistan,
Italy,
Ethiopia,
Eritrea,
Spain,
Russia,
Poland,
North African countries,
Iran, and
Lebanon. The Frankfurt area is also home to the second-largest
Korean community in Europe, and to Germany's largest
Sri Lankan Tamil community.
For a long time Frankfurt was a
Protestant-dominated city. However, during the 19th century an increasing number of
Catholics moved to the city. Today a small minority of its citizens are Catholic. According to the Central Council of Jews in Germany, there are 7,300 Jews affiliated with Judaism in Frankfurt, giving it the third largest
Jewish community (behind
Berlin and
Munich) in Germany
Climate
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Geography
Frankfurt as the centre of the Rhine Main Region
The 16
Ortsbezirke (area districts) of Frankfurt
Geographic location
The city is located on both sides of the
River Main in the south-west part of
Germany. The southern part of the city contains the
Frankfurt City Forest (
Frankfurter Stadtwald), Germany's largest forest within a city. The centre of Frankfurt is located on the north side of the river.
Neighbouring communities and areas
To the west, Frankfurt borders the
Main-Taunus-Kreis (
Hattersheim am Main,
Kriftel,
Hofheim am Taunus,
Kelkheim (Taunus),
Liederbach am Taunus,
Sulzbach (Taunus),
Schwalbach am Taunus and
Eschborn); to the northwest the
Hochtaunuskreis (
Steinbach (Taunus),
Oberursel (Taunus), and
Bad Homburg); to the north the
Wetteraukreis (
Karben and
Bad Vilbel); to the northeast the
Main-Kinzig-Kreis (
Niederdorfelden and
Maintal); to the southeast the city of
Offenbach am Main; to the south the
Kreis Offenbach (
Neu-Isenburg) and to the southwest the
Kreis Groß-Gerau (
Mörfelden-Walldorf,
Rüsselsheim and
Kelsterbach).
City divisions and districts
The city is divided into 46
Stadtteile or
Ortsteile which are again divided into 118
Stadtbezirke. The largest
Ortsteil is
Sachsenhausen-Süd. Most
Stadtteile are incorporated suburbs (
Vororte), or previously separate cities, like
Höchst. Some like
Nordend arose during the rapid growth of the city in the
Gründerzeit following the unification of Germany. Others were formed from settlements which previously belonged to other city divisions, like
Dornbusch.
The 46 city divisions are combined into 16 area districts or Ortsbezirke, which each have a district committee and chairperson.
History of incorporation
Until the middle of the 19th century, the city territory of Frankfurt consisted of the present-day
Stadtteile of
Altstadt,
Innenstadt,
Bahnhofsviertel,
Gutleutviertel,
Gallus,
Westend,
Nordend,
Ostend,
Riederwald and
Sachsenhausen. After 1877, a number of previously independent areas were incorporated into the city, see list of current districts of the city.
Main sights
St. Bartholomeus' Cathedral
|
Römer , the town hall at Römerberg
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Alte Oper, the old opera house, now a concert hall
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The financial district (back) and Hauptwache (front)
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Saint Bartholomew's Cathedral
Bartholomew's Cathedral (
Dom Sankt Bartholomäus) is a
Gothic building which was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the
Merovingian time. It is the main church of Frankfurt. From 1356 onwards, kings of the
Holy Roman Empire were elected in this church, and from 1562 to 1792, the
roman-German emperors were crowned here.
Since the 18th century, Saint Bartholomew's has been called "the
cathedral" by the people, although it has never been a bishop's seat. In 1867, the cathedral was destroyed by a fire and rebuilt in its present style. The height of the cathedral is 95 m.
Römer
The name of the
city hall means "Roman". In fact, nine houses were acquired by the city council in 1405 from a wealthy merchant family. The middle house became the town hall and was later connected with the neighbouring buildings. In the upper floor, there is the
Kaisersaal ("Emperor's Hall") where the newly crowned emperors held their banquets.
.^ God didn’t prevent World War II. How can you be so ignorant ?- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
It is located at the
Römerberg (city hall square).
A 360 deg view of the Römerberg (city hall square).
Saint Paul's Church
St. Paul's Church (
Paulskirche) is a national historic monument in Germany with great political symbolism, because it was the seat of the first democratically elected Parliament in 1848. It was established in 1789 as a Protestant church but was not completed until 1833. Its importance has its root in the
Frankfurt Parliament, which met in the church during the revolutionary years of 1848/49 in order to write a constitution for a united Germany. The attempt failed because the monarchs of Prussia and Austria did not want to lose power, and in 1849 Prussian troops ended the democratic experiment by force of arms and the parliament was dissolved. Afterwards, the building was used for church services again.
St. Paul's was partially destroyed in World War II, particularly the interior of the building, which now has a modern appearance.
.^ The symbols Au and Ag are also in a mining cart which is used to move the ore from a mine suggesting that it is gold and silver or in other words the wealth that nations war over.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
Old Opera House
The famous old opera house (
Alte Oper) was built in 1880 by the architect Richard Lucae.
.^ Or start some made up world war.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This is not the image we expect from one of our most beautiful states, Conspiracy or not get rid of it.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Since the Dark Ages (We're still there), every major beautiful Christian ediface and shrine has been corrupted by satanic forces from the outset and the setting of their cornerstones.- Sinister Sites - The Denver International Airport | The Vigilant Citizen 3 February 2010 15:34 UTC vigilantcitizen.com [Source type: Original source]
Former Frankfurt Lord Mayor Rudi Arndt called for blowing it up in the 1960s, which earned him the nicknamed "Dynamite-Rudi". (Later on, Arndt said he never had meant his suggestion seriously.)
Due to public pressure, it was finally fully reconstructed and reopened in 1981. Today it functions as a concert hall, while operas are performed in the
Oper Frankfurt.
The inscription on the
frieze of the Old Opera says: "
Dem Wahren, Schönen, Guten" ("To the true, the beautiful, the good").
Frankfurt Opera House
The Frankfurt Opera is a leading opera company in Germany and one of the most important opera houses in Europe. It was elected "Opera house of the year" by German magazine Opernwelt in 1995 and 2003.
Saint Katherine's Church
St. Katherine's church is the largest
evangelical (Lutheran) church in Frankfurt. It is located in the city centre at the entrance to the
Zeil.
Hauptwache
The Hauptwache (Main Watch) is a
baroque building built in 1730, formerly used as a prison. It has given its name to the surrounding square and the transport hub beneath it. It is situated at one end of the Zeil, the city's main retail street.
Zeil
.^ Schlosshotel Kronberg, Frankfurt am Main , Germany .- Best Luxury Hotels Frankfurt am Main - Book top luxury hotels in Frankfurt am Main - slh.com 16 January 2010 23:27 UTC www.slh.com [Source type: General]
The street is a pedestrian-only area and is bordered by two large plazas, Hauptwache in the west and Konstablerwache in the east. It is the second most expensive street for shops to rent in Germany after the Kaufingerstraße in
Munich.
During the month before Christmas, the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to the fifth largest Christmas Market in Germany.
20th-century architecture
- Frauenfriedenskirche, consecrated 1929, example of early modernist church building
- Grossmarkthalle, built 1926–1928, former wholesale market, future European Central Bank headquarters
- IG Farben Building, built 1928–1930, now housing the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University
- Goethe House, rebuilt in 1947. The birthplace of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe from 1749 was destroyed in World War II and then rebuilt true to the original. The Goethe Museum is next door.
- Museum für angewandte Kunst, built 1985, designed by Richard Meier
Skyscrapers
Skyline of Frankfurt, view from south
Frankfurt is the only German city with a significant number of
skyscrapers, meaning buildings at least 150 metres tall. There are ten buildings, with two more (
Opernturm, 170 m and
Tower 185, 205 m) currently under construction. Only
Bonn has also one building (
Post Tower, 163 m) over 150 m (492.13
ft). Most of the skyscrapers in Frankfurt are located in the western part of the city centre known as
Bankenviertel (financial district). The tallest skyscrapers in Frankfurt are:
- Commerzbank Tower, 259 m (849.74 ft) — Europe's tallest building (1997–2003), Headquarters of Commerzbank.
- MesseTurm, 257 m (843.18 ft) — Europe's tallest building (1990–1997).
- Westendstraße 1, 208 m (682.41 ft) — Headquarters of DZ Bank.
- Maintower, 200 m (656.17 ft) — Headquarters of Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen with an observation deck open to the public.
- Trianon, 186 m (610.24 ft) — Headquarters of DekaBank.
- Silver Tower, 166 m (544.62 ft) — Germany's tallest building (1978–1990), Headquarters of Dresdner Bank.
- Plaza Büro Center, 159 m (521.65 ft) — Germany's tallest building (1976–1978).
- Deutsche Bank I, 155 m (508.53 ft) — Headquarters of Deutsche Bank.
- Deutsche Bank II, 155 m (508.53 ft) — Headquarters of Deutsche Bank.
- Skyper, 154 m (505.25 ft).
Other tall structures
- Europaturm - The Europe Tower is a telecommunication tower known as the Frankfurt TV Tower. It is the tallest tower in the city with a height of 337.5 metres. It was open to the public until 1999, with an entertainment establishment in the revolving top. It is normally referred to by the locals as "Ginnheimer Spargel" (The Ginnheimer Asparagus) which is not correct because it is not located in the Ginnheim district but stands a few meters within the Bockenheim district.
- Henninger Turm - The Henninger Tower is a 120-metre high grain silo built from 1959–1961 and owned by Henninger Brewery. It has two rotating restaurants at the height of 101 and 106 metres and an open-air observation deck at the height of 110 metres. The tower has been closed to the public since October 2002. Plans to destroy the tower and replace it were abandoned. Today there are new plans to convert it into a residential tower.
- Goetheturm - The Goethe Tower is a 43-metre high tower built entirely out of wood on the northern edge of the Frankfurt City Forest in Sachsenhausen. It is the fifth tallest wooden construction in Germany. It was built in 1931 and is still a popular place for day-trippers, especially families, as a large playground and a café have been built at the foot of the tower.
Culture
The Museumsuferfest in 2005
Festivals
A major festival in the city is the
Museumsuferfest (
Museums Riverbank Festival). It is one of the biggest cultural festivals in Germany which attracts more than 3 million visitors over a period of 3 days. It takes place yearly at the end of August on both sides of the
Main Riverbank in the city centre. More than 20 museums are located there and they are open far into the night. Furthermore there are special attractions like live-bands, dance shows, several booths for crafts, jewelry, clothes and food from all around the world. It ends with a spectacular firework display .
Frankfurt's oldest folk festival is the
Dippemess (
Festival of Stoneware) which takes place twice a year around
Easter and the end of September in the eastern part of the city. Mentioned for the first time in the 14th century as an annual marketplace it is now more of an amusement park. ("Dippe" is a regional
hessian dialect word meaning "pot" or "jar" and which would not be understood in most other German regions. The name of the festival derives from its original purpose, when it was a fair where traditionally crafted jars, pots and other stoneware were offered)
The Frankfurt
Wäldchestag (
Woods Day) is jocularly known as a regional holiday because until the 1990s it was common that Frankfurt's shops were closed on this day. Despite the name, the festival takes place over a period of four days after
Pentecost with the actual Wäldchestag being Tuesday. What is special about this festival is its location in
Frankfurt's city forest, south of the city centre in
Niederrad.
The
Wolkenkratzer Festival (
Skyscraper Festival) is unique in Germany. It takes place irregularly, the last time in May 2007. For two days most of the skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt are open to the public, which is normally not the case, apart from the
Maintower observation deck. Around 1.2 million visitors took the opportunity to see the city from above. Sky-divers, base jumpers, fireworks and laser shows were extra attractions. The next festival will not be held before 2010.
The Sound of Frankfurt is a music festival held in the city centre. It took place regularly from 1994 to 2004. Various artists and bands performed open-air and for-free concerts on eight stages located mainly around the Zeil. Different types of music (rock, Latino, house, alternative and pop) attracted about 500,000 visitors each year.
Foreign Culture
Museums
Schirn Art Gallery from above
There are 13 museums on the south side between Eiserner Steg and Friedensbrücke, including:
- Deutsche Architekturmuseum
- Deutsches Filmmuseum
- Ikonenmuseum
- Liebieghaus
- Museum für Angewandte Kunst
- Museum Giersch
- Museum für Kommunikation
- Museum der Weltkulturen
- Städel, one of the most famous museums in Germany
There are 2 museums on the north side:
- Jewish Museum Frankfurt
- Historisches Museum
Not directly located on the Riverbank are:
Another important museum is located in the
Westend area:
Culinary specialties
Dance music
The roots of
trance music can be traced back to
Germany, and in particular, Frankfurt. It was here, in the early 1990s, that local DJs like
Sven Väth and DJ DAG (of
Dance 2 Trance) first played a harder, deeper style of
acid house that became hugely popular worldwide during the next decade. One of the main venues of the early
Trance music sound was the Omen nightclub in the city. Accordingly, some of the early and most influential Trance acts, e.g.
Jam and Spoon,
Dance 2 Trance,
Oliver Lieb and
Hardfloor, and record labels such as
Harthouse and
Eye Q, were based in the city in the early 1990s.
Transport
Zeil, the main shopping street of Frankfurt
S-Bahn leave underground section under the citycentre
Tram at Frankfurt South Station
Airports
The city is accessed from around the world via the
Frankfurt Airport (
Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) which is located 12 km (7 mi) from the city centre. The airport has three
runways and serves 265 non-stop destinations. It ranks among the world's top ten airports and is the biggest
cargo airport in
Europe. The airport also serves as a hub for German
flag carrier Lufthansa. Depending on whether total passengers or flights are used, it ranks as the second or third busiest in Europe alongside
London Heathrow Airport and
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport. Passenger traffic at Frankfurt Airport in 2007 was 54.2 million. The airport can be reached by car or bus and has two train stations, one for regional and one for long-distance traffic. The
S-Bahn lines S8 and S9 (direction "Frankfurt (Main) Hbf", "
Offenbach Ost or "
Hanau"), departing at the regional traffic station take 10–15 minutes from the airport to the
Central Station and the city centre, the
IC and
ICE trains departing at the long-distance traffic station take as well 10–15 minutes.
Despite the name,
Frankfurt Hahn Airport (
Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn) is not located anywhere near Frankfurt but is instead situated approximately 120 km (75 mi) from the city in
Lautzenhausen (
Rhineland-Palatinate). This airport can only be reached by car or bus. An hourly bus service runs from
Frankfurt Central Station, taking about 1 hour and 45 minutes. Last year over 4 Million Passengers used this airport in order to use Low Cost Airlines like Ryanair.
Roads
The streets of central Frankfurt are usually congested with cars during the rush hour. Some areas, especially around the shopping streets
Zeil, are
pedestrian-only streets. There are numerous car parks located throughout the city.
Frankfurt is a traffic hub of the German
Autobahn system. The
Frankfurter Kreuz is an Autobahn interchange close by the airport where the Autobahnen
A 3 (
Cologne-
Würzburg) and
A 5 (
Basel-
Hannover) meet. With approximately 320,000 cars daily it is the most heavily used interchange in
Europe. The
A 66 connects Frankfurt with
Wiesbaden in the west and
Fulda in the east. The A 661 starts in the south (
Darmstadt), runs through the eastern part of Frankfurt and ends in the north (
Bad Homburg). The
A 648 is a very short Autobahn in the western part of Frankfurt.
Railway stations
The two major stations in the city centre are
Hauptwache and Konstablerwache, both located on Frankfurts most famous shopping street, the
Zeil.
Public transport
The city has two underground railway systems: the
U-Bahn and the
S-Bahn, as well as an above-ground
tram system. Information about the U and S Bahn can be found on the
RMV website.
Nine
S-Bahn lines connect Frankfurt with the
Rhine Main Region. All lines have a 30 minute service during the day but the majority of the routes are served by two lines thereby offering a 15 minute schedule. All lines, except line S7, run through the Frankfurt city tunnel and serve the stations Ostendstraße, Konstablerwache,
Hauptwache, Taunusanlage and Frankfurt Central Station. When leaving the city the S-Bahn travels above ground.
.^ Schlosshotel Kronberg, Frankfurt am Main , Germany .- Best Luxury Hotels Frankfurt am Main - Book top luxury hotels in Frankfurt am Main - slh.com 16 January 2010 23:27 UTC www.slh.com [Source type: General]
The
U-Bahn has seven lines serving the city centre and some larger suburbs. The
trains that run on the line are in fact
lightrails as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground further from the city centre. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs with a 7.5–10 minute frequency which combines to approx 3–5 minutes on the city centre sections served by more than one line.
Frankfurt has 9
tram lines, with trams arriving usually every 10 minutes. Many sections are served by two lines, combining to give a 5 minute frequency during rush-hour. The tram runs only above ground and serve more stops than the U-Bahn or the S-Bahn.
A number of
bus lines complete the Frankfurt public transportation system.
Night buses take over the service of the U-Bahn and tram at 1:30 am to 3:30 am.
Taxis
Taxis can be found outside most S-Bahn or U-Bahn stations and major intersections. The normal way to obtain a taxi is to either call a taxi operator or go to a taxi rank. However, although not the norm, one can hail one on the street.
Bicycles
Deutsche Bahn also rents out
bicycles to the public. One finds them at many major road intersections and railway stations. All one has to do is make a phone call to hire them for €0.06/min or they can be hired per day for €15,-. The bicycles are a bit heavy but they do have
shock absorbers to ensure a smooth journey. The
silver-
red colour of the bikes with their unique frame make them easily visible and difficult to steal.
The public can now use a
velotaxi which involves the operator using a
tricycle with a sheltered passenger cab. There is room for two people and the service covers all of the city centre.
Frankfurt has also a network of modern cycle routes throughout city. Many of the long distance bike routes into town have dedicated cycle tracks. A number of city centre roads are "bicycle streets" where the cyclist has the right of way and where motorised vehicles are allowed access if they do not disrupt the cycle users. The City also has a dedicated approach towards cyling, take a look at
the Radfahrportal
Every first Sunday in the month there is a
Critical Mass cycle event which starts at 2 pm at the Old Opera.
Economy and business
Frankfurt is one of the leading financial centres in Europe. According to an annual study (2007) by
Cushman & Wakefield it is one of the top three cities for international companies in Europe, along with
London and
Paris. According to a ranking list (2001) produced by the
University of Liverpool, Frankfurt is the richest city in Europe by
GDP per capita. After Frankfurt are
Karlsruhe,
Paris and
Munich.
[11] The Mercer Human Resource Consulting Worldwide Quality of Living Survey 2007 ranked Frankfurt at the seventh position of the cities with the highest
quality of life worldwide. The only German city that did better was
Düsseldorf at number six.
[12]
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Eurotower, headquarters of the European Central Bank
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Banks
Frankfurt is commonly known as
the city of the banks in Germany. It is sometimes referred to as
Mainhattan (a
portmanteau of the local river
Main and
Manhattan in
New York City) or nicknamed
Bankfurt. In 2006, six of the ten major German banks had their headquarters in the city, including the top three (
Deutsche Bank,
Commerzbank, and
DZ Bank).
[13] Other important banks are
ING Diba,
KfW, BHF Bank,
Bankhaus Metzler, Delbrück Bethmann Maffei,
DekaBank,
Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen and Frankfurter Sparkasse. More than 300 national and international banks are represented here.
[14]
The
European Central Bank (
Europäische Zentralbank) is one of the world's most important central banks, responsible for monetary policy covering the 16 member countries of the
Eurozone. Since its foundation in 1998 the headquarters are located in downtown Frankfurt although plans have now been made for a move to a landscaped area on the site of the former wholesale market hall (
Großmarkthalle) in the eastern part of the city.
The
German Federal Bank (
Deutsche Bundesbank) is an integral part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). It was established in 1957.
Stock exchange
With the
stock exchange (
Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) and
XETRA, which belong to
Deutsche Börse, Frankfurt has the second largest stock exchange in Europe after the
London Stock Exchange. It is by far the largest stock exchange in Germany with over 90 percent turnover in the German market. In terms of market capitalization, Deutsche Börse is the largest stock exchange in the world. The Stock Exchange which was located in downtown Frankfurt relocates to Eschborn (a city near Frankfurt) in July 2010.
Trade fairs
Fairs have a very long tradition in Frankfurt. They were first mentioned in the 12th century. Today Frankfurt has the third-largest exhibition site in the world. The
Messe Frankfurt corporation arranged 120 fairs in 40 countries in 2006. Hosted in Frankfurt are the
Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (the world's largest motor show), the
Frankfurter Buchmesse (the world's largest book fair), the Ambiente (the world's largest consumer goods fair), the Achema (the world's largest plant engineering fair) and many more like Paperworld, Christmasworld, Beautyworld, Tendence Lifestyle or Light and Building.
Advertising agencies
Accountancy and professional services
The
Big Four, the four largest international accountancy and professional services firms, are all represented in Frankfurt.
In October 2007, KPMG's member firms in the UK, Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein merged to form KPMG Europe LLP, which is now the largest accountancy and professional services firm in Europe. The European headquarters will be situated in Frankfurt.
Management consulting
Electronic communication
Frankfurt is also an important location for the internet. It is home to Germany's largest
internet exchange point,
DE-CIX, and is where domain names are registered for the top-level-domain "
.de".
Lawyers
Frankfurt has the highest concentration of lawyers in Germany, with one lawyer per 99 inhabitants. Most of the large international
law firms maintain offices in Frankfurt, among them
Baker & McKenzie,
Clifford Chance,
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton,
Debevoise & Plimpton,
Jones Day,
Mayer Brown,
Norton Rose,
Shearman & Sterling, and
Taylor Wessing.
Working in Frankfurt
With over 922 jobs per 1,000 inhabitants, Frankfurt has the highest concentration of jobs in Germany. The high number of around 600,000 jobs with only 663,000 inhabitants of the city itself is explained by the high number of commuters who work in the city, which raises the per capita GDP of the resident population significantly. On work days and Saturdays there are around one million people within the city limits. On other days, the statistics regarding Frankfurt's wealth are reduced, in favor of the communities and towns of the so-called "Speckgürtel" (literally
bacon belt, meaning the suburban area), such as
Bad Homburg,
Königstein im Taunus,
Kronberg im Taunus and
Bad Soden am Taunus, many of whose inhabitants work in Frankfurt.
Despite that, Frankfurt also had, as of 2003, the highest levels of crime per 100,000 inhabitants in Germany. However, this statistic is a result of the commuter population, for it is calculated based on the 650,000-inhabitant figure, and also includes crimes committed at the airport, such as smuggling. Frankfurt is actually therefore a very safe city, corroborated by surveys among the inhabitants.
Other businesses
Frankfurt is home to
chemical industries,
software businesses and
call centers. Business development and other important departments of the
Deutsche Bahn are located at the DB-Headquarters in Gallus. Because of
Hoechst AG, Frankfurt is considered the "Apothecary of the World". Höchst's industrial park in Frankfurt is one of the three largest locations for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in Europe. Frankfurt is also home to several large German industrial associations, such as the Chemical Industry Association; the Association for German Machine- and Equipment-building; the Electrotechnical, Electronic, and
Information Technology Association e. V. with its affiliated electrotechnical standards commission; and the Association of German Automobile Producers, which is currently moving to Frankfurt. The Union of German Automobile Producers meets in Frankfurt every two years to coincide with the International Automobile Exhibition, mentioned above. Furthermore, the Trade Association of German Booksellers has its headquarters in Frankfurt, and organizes the Frankfurt Book Fair. In terms of labour unions, Frankfurt is home to the headquarters of
IG Metall and IG Bau, two of Germany's largest labour unions.
[citation needed]
Lufthansa maintains its base of operations, the Lufthansa Aviation Center (LAC), by Frankfurt Airport.
[16][17]
Businesses with regional headquarters or based in and near Frankfurt include:
Property and real estate
Frankfurt has the highest concentration of home owners in Germany. This is partly attributed to number of financial workers in the city but also because of its cosmopolitan nature with a quarter of the city's population being foreigners. For this reason Frankfurt's property market often operates differently than the rest of the country where the prices are generally much flatter than Frankfurt. German property prices are pulled down nationally because of the former East Germany, however, economically sound cities like Frankfurt and other cities in the west of Germany, have a buoyant housing market, which attracts a lot of buyers from the Far East.
Establishments and organization
Frankfurt is home of the
German National Library, the Hessian State Supreme Court, and the Hessian State Employment Court, and has its own police academy. The fire department, founded in 1874, and the volunteer fire department have eight fire stations. Until their dissolution at the end of 2003, Frankfurt was the location of the Federal Disciplinary Court.
The German office of the
International Finance Corporation, part of the
World Bank group, and the Committee of European Insurances and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (Ceiops), the European insurance control, have their headquarters in Frankfurt.
Media
Two important daily newspapers are published in Frankfurt. The conservative
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung was founded in 1949 and is the German newspaper with the widest circulation abroad, with its editors claiming to deliver the newspaper to 148 countries every day. The
FAZ has a circulation of over 380,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the
Frankfurter Rundschau, was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000 copies.
Frankfurt is also home to the German headquarters of
Reuters, one of the world's most important news agencies.
Several magazines also originate from Frankfurt. The Journal Frankfurt is the best-known magazine for events, parties, and "insider tips". An "ecological magazine", Öko-Test, publishes materials for the
Green Party of Germany in Bockenheim. Bockenheim is known for the quiz magazine of the same name, and is home to the editorial office of the satire magazine,
Titanic.
Frankfurt's first radio station was the Südwestdeutsche Rundfunkdienst AG (Southwest German Radio Service), founded in 1924. Its successor service is the public broadcaster
Hessischer Rundfunk (Hessian Broadcast). Its "Funkhaus am Dornbusch" station is one of the most important
radio and
television broadcasters. There is also the ARD-Stern that broadcasts from individual senders via a high-service network.
Bloomberg TV and
RTL have regional studios on the
Neuen Mainzer Straße, downtown. Other broadcasters in Frankfurt include Main FM and
Radio X. The largest private radio station in the region FFH, is located nearby in
Bad Vilbel.
Since August 1945, the
American Forces Network had broadcasted from Frankfurt. Due to troop reductions, the AFN's Frankfurt location has been abandoned. Since October 2004, the AFN has broadcast its European programs from
Mannheim.
Education and research
In Frankfurt am Main, there are two universities and several specialist schools.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe University
The oldest and most well-known university in the city is the
Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, with locations in Bockenheim, Westend, and Riedberg, and the university hospital in Niederrad.
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
The
Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main) was created out of several older organizations in 1971, and offers over 38 study areas, in the arts, sciences, engineering and law. Some of the most important research projects: Planet Earth Simulator,
Fraline-IT-School-Service, quantitativ analysis of methan in human corpses with the help of a mass spectrometer, Softwareengeneering (e.g. fraDesk), analysis of qualitative and quantitative gas in human lungs, long-term studies on photovoltaicmodules (only to name a few).
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management
Alongside the university is the banking academy
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, formerly known as the
Hochschule für Bankwirtschaft (Institution of Higher Learning for Banking Economics), with its campus in the Ostend (Eastend) neighborhood. Since 2001, it has been a specialist institution for the teaching Economics and Management, or FOM.
Städelschule and Conservatories
Other notable schools
Until September 2003, Frankfurt was also home to a school for library science and administration.
Frankfurt is host to the
Römisch-Germanische-Kommission (RGK), the
German Archaeological Institute branch for
prehistoric archaeology in Germany and Europe. The RGK is involved in a variety of research projects. Its library, with over 130,000 volumes, is one of the largest specialised archaeological libraries in the world.
Education and media
Over the past years the city of Frankfurt has been increasingly investing into the IT-infrastructure of its schools. As a result, schools in Frankfurt now rank among the best equipped schools nationwide as far as availability of PCs and other media facilities are concerned. In order to assure maintenance and support of the school PCs, the city of Frankfurt in cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences has launched the project
Fraline - IT-Schul-Service, an initiative employing students to provide basic school IT-support.
Sport
Frankfurt hosts the following sports teams or clubs:
Frankfurt used to host these former teams or clubs:
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Partnerships
Gallery
The financial district at night
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View from the Main riverbank
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Twin towers of Deutsche Bank
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Kaiserstrasse, view from Frankfurt Central Station
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See also
References
Bibliography
- Frankfurt — City Guide, Kraichgau Verlag (ISBN 3-929228-21-1)
Notes
- ^ a b (English) "World Urban Areas" (PDF). http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ^ Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the world. McFarland. p. 135. http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&lpg=PA135&pg=PA135. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
- ^ "World Cities". http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citymap.html. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
- ^ http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html
- ^ Beaverstock, J.V.; Smith, R.G.; Taylor, P.J.. "The World According to GaWC 2008". Globalization and World Cities. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html.
- ^ Kearney, Inc., A.T.. "The 2008 Global Cities Index". Foreign Policy. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4509&page=1.
- ^ "Cost of living – The world's most expensive cities". City Mayors. http://www.citymayors.com/features/cost_survey.html.
- ^ Mercer's Quality of Living Survey 2009, www.mercer.com. Retrieved on 2 March 2009
- ^ Goitein, S.D. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Vol. I - Economic Foundations. University of California Press, 2000, p. 5
- ^ "Frankfurt Average Conditions". http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT003710. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
- ^ Nick Swift: European cities outperform their English counterparts. citymayors.com (Zugriff am 1. November 2006)
- ^ Highlights from the 2007 Quality of Livings – Mercer Human Resource Consulting
- ^ The Top 100 German banks 2006
- ^ Wirtschaft in Frankfurt am Main
- ^ FOCUS: Die größten Werbeagenturen 2007
- ^ "Directory: World Airlines". Flight International: p. 107. 2007-04-03.
- ^ "How to get there." Lufthansa. Retrieved on 30 July 2009.
- ^ "Frankfurt -Partner Cities". © 2008 Stadt Frankfurt am Main. http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". © 2008 Mairie de Lyon. http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "Milano - Città Gemellate". © 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano). http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/ContentLibrary/In%20Comune/In%20Comune/Citt%20Gemellate. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ "Tel Aviv sister cities" (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ "Sister Cities of Guangzhou". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "Prague Partner Cities" (in Czech). © 2009 Magistrát hl. m. Prahy. http://magistrat.praha-mesto.cz/72647_Partnerska-mesta. Retrieved 2009-07-02.
- ^ "Sister cities of Budapest" (in Hungarian). Official Website of Budapest. http://www.budapest.hu/engine.aspx?page=20030224-cikk-testvervarosok. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
- ^ "Leipzig - International Relations". © 2009 Leipzig City Council, Office for European and International Affairs. http://www.leipzig.de/int/en/int_messen/partnerstaedte/. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "Kraków otwarty na świat". www.krakow.pl. http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
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