From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in Bombay, 1944.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Religion Gandhi, Mahatma, 1869-1948.
^ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati : મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી , pronounced [moːɦənˈdaːs kəɾəmˈtʂənd ˈɡaːndʱiː] ( listen ) ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He was the pioneer of satyagraha —resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience , firmly founded upon ahimsa or total nonviolence —which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He was the pioneer of Satyagraha —resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience , firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non-violence —which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A key element on the road to India's Independence was not only Gandhi's launching in 1921 of the movement of non-cooperation with the British, but the willingness of the exemplary Gandhi and his comrades to go to prison many times through peaceful, courageous acts of civil disobedience, like the famous Dandi march to the sea in 1930 to make salt against the British ban.
.^ Mahatma Gandhi, a great life in brief.
^ Mahatma Gandhi: pensaer yr India.
^ Relevance of Mahatma Gandhi to the world of thought.
.^ He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and world-wide as the International Day of Non-Violence .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is a national holiday in India , Gandhi Jayanti .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In 1906 Gandhi organized his first non-violent campaign, against an Asiatic Ordinance directed at Indians in South Africa.
^ In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1915 Gandhi helped to negotiate the Indian Relief Bill, which granted important civil rights concessions to South Africas Indian community.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi returns to India 1915 .- The Gandhi Foundation 2 February 2010 16:016 UTC gandhifoundation.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi returned to India in 1915.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Upon his return to India back in 1915, Gandhi had organized poor farmers and labourers to protest against oppressive taxation and widespread discrimination.
.^ Gandhi and the Indian Congress were defiantly outraged.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ In December 1921, Gandhi was invested with executive authority on behalf of the Indian National Congress .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Soon after assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress, Gandhi had led nationwide campaigns for mitigating poverty, for liberating women, for brotherhood and respect among differing religious faiths and ethnicities, for an end to untouchability and caste discrimination, and for the economic self-sufficiency of the nation.
.^ But above all his struggle had been for Swaraj , "self-rule," the independence of India from foreign domination.
^ Above all, he aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign domination.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, for expanding women's rights, for building religious and ethnic amity, for ending untouchability , for increasing economic self-reliance, but above all for achieving Swaraj —the independence of India from foreign domination.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi then launched a new satyagraha against the tax on salt in March 1930.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On the Salt March : the historiography of Gandhi's march to Dandi.
^ Protest on British-made salt begins with the Salt March .- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi returns to India after spending 20 years in S. Africa .- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi and South Africa, 1914-1948.
.^ As a practitioner of ahimsa , he swore to speak the truth and advocated that others do the same.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was a practitioner of non-violence and truth , and advocated that others do the same.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi believed that hand spinning, combined with weaving on hand looms, was the only logical way for the people of India to become self-sufficient and independent.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as means of both self-purification and social protest.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and social protest.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On 8 May 1933 Gandhi began a 21-day fast of self-purification to help the Harijan movement.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
Early life and background
.^ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in Bombay, 1944.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Reply PortlandMark says: September 20, 2009 at 6:14 am Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi[2] was born in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India, on 2 October 1869.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbander , a coastal town in present-day Gujarat , Western India , on 2 October 1869.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ His father, Karamchand Gandhi, who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of the eponymous Porbander state , a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of the eponymous Porbander state, a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of the eponymous Porbander state , a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[3] .^ His grandfather's name was Uttamchand Gandhi, fondly called Utta Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His mother, Putlibai, who came from the Hindu Pranami Vaishnava community, was Karamchand’s fourth wife, the first three wives having apparently died in childbirth.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His mother, Putlibai, who came from the Hindu Pranami Vaishnava community, was Karamchand's fourth wife, the first three wives having apparently died in childbirth.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of the eponymous Porbander state, a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4] .^ Growing up with a devout mother and the Jain traditions of the region, the young Mohandas absorbed early the influences that would play an important role in his adult life; these included compassion for sentient beings, vegetarianism , fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between individuals of different creeds.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Growing up with a devout mother and the Jain traditions of the region, the young Mohandas absorbed early the influences that would play an important role in his adult life; these included compassion to sentient beings, vegetarianism , fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between individuals of different creeds.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Growing up with a devout mother and the Jain traditions of the region, the young Mohandas absorbed early the influences that would play an important role in his adult life; these included compassion to sentient beings, vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between individuals of different creeds.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[citation needed]
.^ The Indian classics, especially the stories of Shravana and Maharaja Harishchandra from the Indian epics, had had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhood.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Indian classics, especially the stories of Shravana and Maharaja Harishchandra from the Indian epics, had a great impact on Gandhi in his childhood.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The story of Harishchandra, a well known tale of an ancient Indian king and a truthful hero, “haunted” Gandhi as a boy.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The story of Harishchandra, a well known tale of an ancient Indian king and a truthful hero, “haunted” Gandhi as a boy.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The story of Harishchandra, a well known tale of an ancient Indian king and a truthful hero, haunted Gandhi as a boy.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mahatma Gandhi , Gandhi, An Autobiography, The story of my experiments with truth (Chapter XXVII, Recruiting Campaign, pg 446-447, Beacon Press, 1957) .- Mahatma Gandhi Quotes :: Quoteland :: Quotations by Author 2 February 2010 16:016 UTC www.quoteland.com [Source type: General]
.^ Gandhi in his autobiography admits that it left an indelible impression on his mind.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He writes: "It haunted me and I must have acted Harishchandra to myself times without number."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He writes “It haunted me and I must have acted Harischandra to myself times without number.” Gandhi’s early self -identification with Truth and Love as the supreme value is traced back to his identification with these epic characters[5][6] .- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi's early self-identification with Truth and Love as supreme values is traceable to his identification with these epic characters.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He writes “It haunted me and I must have acted Harischandra to myself times without number.” Gandhi’s early self -identification with Truth and Love as the supreme value is traced back to his identification with these epic characters[5][6] .- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Cooperation and self-reliance were the basis of Gandhis ashrams, and were twin cornerstones in Gandhis foundational principles of satyagraha from two Sanskrit words, satya, meaning truth and love, plus agraha, meaning force or firmness.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
[5][6]
.^ In May 1883, the 13-year old Mohandas was married to 14-year old Kasturbai Makhanji (her first name was usually shortened to “Kasturba,” and affectionately to “Ba”) in an arranged child marriage, as was the custom in the region.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In May 1883, the 13-year old Mohandas was married to 14-year old Kasturbai Makhanji (her first name was usually shortened to "Kasturba," and affectionately to "Ba") in an arranged child marriage , as was the custom in the region.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[7] .^ Recalling about the day of their marriage he once said that " As we didn't know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Recalling about the day of their marriage he once said that ” As we didn’t know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives.” However, as was also the custom of the region, the adolescent bride was to spend much time at her parents’ house, and away from her husband.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Reply Jessi says: September 21, 2009 at 12:47 am You know, they make them wear horrible clothing and have bad hair… .- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ However, as was also the custom of the region, the adolescent bride was to spend much time at her parents' house, and away from her husband.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Recalling about the day of their marriage he once said that ” As we didn’t know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives.” However, as was also the custom of the region, the adolescent bride was to spend much time at her parents’ house, and away from her husband.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ DUH! I mean… it’s not like I’d choose to spend my time surrounding myself with people like you, just as much as you’d find displeasure in surrounding yourself with people like me.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[8] .^ In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, the couple's first child was born, but survived only a few days; Gandhi's father, Karamchand Gandhi, had died earlier that year.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, the couple’s first child was born, but survived only a few days; Gandhi’s father, Karamchand Gandhi, had died earlier that year.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of the eponymous Porbander state, a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[9] .^ Mohandas and Kasturba had four more children, all sons: Harilal , born in 1888; Manilal , born in 1892; Ramdas , born in 1897; and Devdas , born in 1900.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ At his middle school in Porbandar and high school in Rajkot, Gandhi remained an average student academically.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He was a school student at Rajkot.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ He passed the matriculation exam for Samaldas College at Bhavnagar , Gujarat with some difficulty.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He passed the matriculation exam for Samaldas College at Bhavnagar, Gujarat with some difficulty.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ While there, he was unhappy, in part because his family wanted him to become a barrister .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While there, he was unhappy, in part because his family wanted him to become a barrister.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There have been games where I've wasted my FP by NOT building it at all, or waiting too long, because I wanted a better location.- RBD Succession game 1 - Ghandi Tales - Page 3 - Civilization Fanatics' Forums 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC forums.civfanatics.com [Source type: General]
.^ On 4 September 1888, less than a month shy of his nineteenth birthday, Gandhi traveled to London , England, to study law at University College London and to train as a barrister .- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi and his wife Kasturba (1902) On 4 September 1888, less than a month shy of his 19th birthday, Gandhi traveled to London, England, to study law at University College London and to train as a barrister .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi and his wife Kasturba (1902)On 4 September 1888, less than a month shy of his 19th birthday, Gandhi traveled to London, England, to study law at University College London and to train as a barrister.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His time in London, the Imperial capital, was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji, upon leaving India, to observe the Hindu precepts of abstinence from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His time in London , the Imperial capital, was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji, upon leaving India, to observe the Hindu precepts of abstinence from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Before leaving for his studies in London, Gandhi made a promise to his mother, Putlibai and his uncle, Becharji Swami that he would abstain from eating meat, taking alcohol, and engaging in promiscuity.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10] .^ She pointed him towards one of London's few vegetarian restaurants.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Although Gandhi experimented with adopting "English" customs—taking dancing lessons for example—he could not stomach his landlady's mutton and cabbage.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Although Gandhi experimented with adopting "English" customs—taking dancing lessons for example—he could not stomach the bland vegetarian food offered by his landlady and he was always hungry until he found one of London's few vegetarian restaurants.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Influenced by Salt’s book, he joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected to its executive committee[10], and started a local Bayswater chapter.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He was elected to the executive committee of the Vegetarian Society, learnt French and Latin, matriculated, was called to the bar, and was enrolled in the High Court in 1891.
[4] .^ Some of the vegetarians he met were members of the Theosophical Society , which had been founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some of the vegetarians he met were members of the Theosophical Society, which had been founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He joined the Vegetarian Society , was elected to its executive committee, and founded a local chapter.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ They encouraged Gandhi to join them in reading the Bhagavad Gita both in translation as well as in the original.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Story of my experiments with truth / by M. K. Gandhi ; translated from the original in Gujarati by Mahadev Desai.
^ Translated loosely as "hold fast to the truth," the term came to refer to both Gandhi's philosophy of conflict resolution and his method of militant nonviolent action.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10] .^ Not having shown a particular interest in religion before, he read works of and about Hinduism , Christianity , Buddhism , Islam and other religions.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Not having shown a particular interest in religion before, he became interested in religious thought and began to read both Hindu as well as Christian scriptures.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the sacred space of a church, black Montgomerians became "actors" practicing for a real-life show of Christian nonviolence before a world audience.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4][10]
.^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891,[4] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891, [ 4 ] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His mother, Putlibai, who came from the Hindu Pranami Vaishnava community, was Karamchand’s fourth wife, the first three wives having apparently died in childbirth.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[10] .^ His attempts at establishing a law practice in Mumbai failed and, later, after applying and being turned down for a part-time job as a high school teacher, he ended up returning to Rajkot to make a modest living drafting petitions for litigants, a business he was forced to close when he ran afoul of a British officer.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Later, after applying and being turned down for a part-time job as a high school teacher, he ended up returning to Rajkot to make a modest living drafting petitions for litigants, but was forced to close down that business as well when he ran afoul of a British officer.- Mohandas karamchand gandhi encyclopedia topics | Reference.com 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.reference.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Caste Bania; son of Karamchand Gandhi, Dewan of Porebunder, Rajkote and some other Kathiawar States; He was educated at the Kathiawad High School, later at London University and the Inner Temple.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ In his autobiography, he refers to this incident as an unsuccessful attempt to lobby on behalf of his older brother.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4][10] .^ It was in this climate that, in April 1893, he accepted a year-long contract from Dada Abdulla & Co., an Indian firm, to a post in the Colony of Natal, South Africa, then part of the British Empire.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I do not think this comparison did more than justice to the Indians, seeing that if the whole might of the British Empire was ranged against the hundreds of thousands of able Europeans in America, here in South Africa a helpless body of 13,000 Indians had challenged the powerful Government of the Transvaal.
^ And Joe, yes, Nazis were certainly known in India – Indians fought and died for the Allied side (they were part of the British empire), they read the newspapers and listened to the radio.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4]
Civil rights movement in South Africa (1893–1914)
Gandhi in South Africa (1895)
M.K. Gandhi while serving in the Ambulance Corps during the Boer War.
.^ In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi and South Africa, 1914-1948.
^ Gandhi and South Africa 1914 to 1948.
.^ He was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[11] .^ Traveling farther on by stagecoach he was beaten by a driver for refusing to travel on the foot board to make room for a European passenger.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[12] .^ He suffered other hardships on the journey as well, including being barred from several hotels.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If I value the life of others and I see it to be in my best interest to invest in the well being of others, then I should be able to CHOOSE to do so.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On the other hand new jobs were being created in the city, and labour rights were developing in the cities as well.
.^ In another incident, the magistrate of a Durban court ordered Gandhi to remove his turban - which he refused to do.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The year 1924 gave Mr. Gandhi another opportunity to push forth his campaign for the removal of Untouchability and make it effective.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The turban that I had insisted on wearing in the District Magistrate's Court I took off in obedience to the order of the Supreme Court.
[13] .^ These events were a turning point in his life, awakening him to social injustice and influencing his subsequent social activism.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hinduism for him was not merely a way of life as some Hindu leaders have started saying these days.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi in South Africa, British imperialism and the Indian question, 1860-1914 / by Robert A. Huttenback.
^ In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mohandas Gandhi is a good place to start.- MAHATMA GANDHI COMMUNITY FORUM • View topic - MOHANDAS GANDHI IS A GOOD PLACE TO START 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.gandhiserve.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi and South Africa : perspectives and prospects.
^ Gandhi extended his original period of stay in South Africa to assist Indians in opposing a bill to deny them the right to vote.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Though unable to halt the bill's passage, his campaign was successful in drawing attention to the grievances of Indians in South Africa.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1908 he was attacked and wounded by an Indian Pathan for reaching a settlement with General Smuts, the leader of South Africa.
^ In South Africa he successfully developed a special form of non-violent protest that led to the removal of discriminatory laws against Indians in the early Twentieth Century.
.^ Founded the Natal Indian Congress, 1894.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ From 1894 to 1915, he was in South Africa.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ It was in this climate that, in April 1893, he accepted a year-long contract from Dada Abdulla & Co., an Indian firm, to a post in the Colony of Natal, South Africa, then part of the British Empire.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In January 1897, when Gandhi landed in Durban he was attacked by a mob of white settlers and escaped only through the efforts of the wife of the police superintendent.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On landing attacked by the mob and narrowly escaped death; led an Indian Ambulance Corps in the Anglo-Boer War 1899 ; Returned to India in 1901 to recoup his health.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Oddly, Gandhi invited him to be a steward of his house in Durban in 1896 only for Mehtab to be caught in flagrante with a prostitute.- The Gandhi Foundation 2 February 2010 16:016 UTC gandhifoundation.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ He, however, refused to press charges against any member of the mob, stating it was one of his principles not to seek redress for a personal wrong in a court of law.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I have made it a rule not to go to court in respect of any personal grievance So I do not intend to proceed against him."
^ Again one would be inclined to refuse an objectionable advertisement, and yet be constrained to accept it, say because the advertiser was a leading member of the community and might take it ill if his advertisement was rejected.
[4]
.^ In 1906, the Transvaal government promulgated a new Act compelling registration of the colony's Indian population.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the preceding year, the British government had appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon, which did not include any Indian as its member.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The colonial British government there is opposed to Indian home rule, which would allow Indian citizens to have a voice in running their own country.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ At a mass protest meeting held in Johannesburg on 11 September that year, Gandhi adopted his still evolving methodology of satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or non-violent protest, for the first time, calling on his fellow Indians to defy the new law and suffer the punishments for doing so, rather than resist through violent means.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Cooperation and self-reliance were the basis of Gandhis ashrams, and were twin cornerstones in Gandhis foundational principles of satyagraha from two Sanskrit words, satya, meaning truth and love, plus agraha, meaning force or firmness.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Deena Meetzger -- Personal Disarmament John Dear, SJ -- A Journey towards Love Audios used w/ permission of New Dimensions Radio -- over 800 hours of thoughtful conversation Satish Kumar on Nonviolence & the Spirit of Ecology Iran: new audience for US scholar's protest guide Gene Sharp: "From Dictatorship to Democracy" John Dear protesting war & nuclear weapons Satyagraha 100 Years Later: Gandhi Launches Modern Non-Violent Resistance Movement on Sept.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ This plan was adopted, leading to a seven-year struggle in which thousands of Indians were jailed (including Gandhi), flogged, or even shot, for striking, refusing to register, burning their registration cards or engaging in other forms of non-violent resistance.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gregg extolled the "non-violent strike."- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While the government was successful in repressing the Indian protesters, the public outcry stemming from the harsh methods employed by the South African government in the face of peaceful Indian protesters finally forced South African General Jan Christiaan Smuts to negotiate a compromise with Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What were Gandhi and his Indian followers protesting at the rally?- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi's ideas took shape and the concept of satyagraha matured during this struggle.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, during the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ To review some of the significant ideas and concepts that have arisen from watching the film, Gandhi; 2.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
Racism and Controversy
.^ Some of Gandhi's early South African articles are controversial.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi in South Africa (1895) Main article: Gandhi's work in South Africa M.K. Gandhi while serving in the Ambulance Corps during the Boer War.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In a Chicago bookstore, he came across "an article about Gandhi which gave some quotations from him."- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ On 7 March 1908, Gandhi wrote in the Indian Opinion of his time in a South African prison: "Kaffirs are as a rule uncivilized - the convicts even more so.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While the government was successful in repressing the Indian protesters, the public outcry stemming from the harsh methods employed by the South African government in the face of peaceful Indian protesters finally forced South African General Jan Christiaan Smuts to negotiate a compromise with Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They focus in Chapter 1, "Gandhi, Africans and Indians in Colonial Natal" on the relationship between the African and Indian communities under "White rule" and policies which enforced segregation (and, they argue, inevitable conflict between these communities).- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ They are troublesome, very dirty and live almost like animals."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhiji: I would say that the Oxford Group may change the lives of as many as they like, but not their religion.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ To me they are just nice people very much like myself and my brothers and sisters and friends.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[14] .^ Writing on the subject of immigration in 1903, Gandhi commented: "We believe as much in the purity of race as we think they do...- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When they were originally nominated, The Gandhi Foundation did not know much about them, but after a few weeks of research we were truly amazed at the breadth and scope of their work.- The Gandhi Foundation 2 February 2010 16:016 UTC gandhifoundation.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi, she writes, “was too much of a realist to set much store by either an original Alpha ground or an Omega point of ultimate convergence.” .- The Gandhi Foundation 2 February 2010 16:016 UTC gandhifoundation.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ We believe also that the white race in South Africa should be the predominating race."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhiji came in contact with some believing Christians during his stay in South Africa and had an opportunity to reflect on Christian theology.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The 1985 Port Elizabeth, South Africa boycott of white-owned businesses, led by Mkhuseli Jack, spread throughout the Eastern Cape Province.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
[15] .^ It is worth noting that during Gandhi's time, the term Kaffir had a different connotation than its present-day usage .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi and South Africa : perspectives and prospects.
^ During his time in South Africa, Gandhi protested repeatedly about the social classification of blacks with Indians, who he described as "undoubtedly infinitely superior to the Kaffirs".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Remarks such as these have led some to accuse Gandhi of racism.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Without some such thing it is not possible to understand, much less to appreciate, the C.M.S. 188 appeal from which I reproduced in these columns some revealing extracts the other day.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[17]
.^ Two professors of history who specialize in South Africa, Surendra Bhana and Goolam Vahed, examined this controversy in their text, The Making of a Political Reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Surendra Bhana and Goolam Vahed, 2005: p.44 ^ The Making of a Political Reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Making of a political reformer : Gandhi in South Africa, 1893-1914 / Surendra Bhana, Goolam Vahed.
.^ They focus in Chapter 1, "Gandhi, Africans and Indians in Colonial Natal" on the relationship between the African and Indian communities under "White rule" and policies which enforced segregation (and, they argue, inevitable conflict between these communities).- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians volunteer as a stretcher bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he had hand spun on a charkha .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Of this relationship they state that, "the young Gandhi was influenced by segregationist notions prevalent in the 1890s."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They feared that reading the Bible to young boys was likely to influence them in favour of Christianity.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[18] .^ At the same time, they state, "Gandhi's experiences in jail seemed to make him more sensitive to their plight...the later Gandhi mellowed; he seemed much less categorical in his expression of prejudice against Africans, and much more open to seeing points of common cause.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For three and a half years, from the age of 37, Gandhi refused to read newspapers, claiming that the tumultuous state of world affairs caused him more confusion than his own inner unrest.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On Gandhi's place in discussions of colonialism among African Americans, see Von Eschen, Race against Empire , 31–32, 162–63.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The "speech" of the State is also aimed to generate and foster endless economic growth in support of a corporate – rather than human – based economy.- MAHATMA GANDHI COMMUNITY FORUM • View topic - MOHANDAS GANDHI IS A GOOD PLACE TO START 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.gandhiserve.org [Source type: Original source]
^ I generally applaud buddhism for preaching acceptance, rather than the nebulous “tolerance”, but i suppose some people are just THAT CRAZY! .- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ To be sure they are oppressed and illiterate, even unkempt, but they are thoughtful, spiritual-minded, generous, kindly; in character they seem to me above, rather than below, the average of mankind.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[19]
.^ Gandhi and South Africa, 1914-1948.
^ Gandhi and South Africa 1914 to 1948.
^ Gandhi and South Africa : perspectives and prospects.
[17] .^ Civil rights movement in South Africa (1893–1914) .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Two professors of history who specialize in South Africa, Surendra Bhana and Goolam Vahed, examined this controversy in their text, The Making of a Political Reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bhana and Vahed commented on the events surrounding the unveiling in the conclusion to The Making of a Political Reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914 .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi and South Africa, 1914-1948.
^ Gandhi and South Africa 1914 to 1948.
^ Gandhi and South Africa : perspectives and prospects.
This legacy connects him to
Nelson Mandela...in a sense Mandela completed what Gandhi started."
[21]
Role in Zulu War of 1906
.^ Main article: Bambatha Rebellion In 1906, after the British introduced a new poll-tax, Zulus in South Africa killed two British officers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi in South Africa, British imperialism and the Indian question, 1860-1914 / by Robert A. Huttenback.
^ What happens to Gandhi to introduce him to racial separation (apartheid) in South Africa?- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
In response, the British declared a war against the Zulus.
.^ Gandhi actively encouraged the British to recruit Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians volunteer as a stretcher bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi criticized both the actions of the British Raj and the retaliatory violence of Indians.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He argued that Indians should support the war efforts in order to legitimize their claims to full citizenship.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And then, toward the end of his life, he argued that the marriage laws of the Republic of India should provide for non-religious weddings in order to "clear the way for inter-religious marriages": .
^ I believe that the entire effort of modern society should be concentrated on the endeavor to outlaw war as a method of the solution of problems between nations.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The British, however, refused to commission Indians as army officers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi refused to back down when British soldiers threatened to arrest him if he would not cease collecting and burning the discriminatory passes which were so hated by the Indian people.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ In the preceding year, the British government had appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon, which did not include any Indian as its member.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhiji said that they could certainly accept help not only from Christian missionaries but from others also, if such help was offered sincerely and in a spirit of service to the country.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Not only do Congressmen all over India hold out Mr. Gandhi as a real saviour but they go forth to persuade the Untouchables to accept the fact that he is their only saviour.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ This corps was commanded by Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
On 21 July 1906, Gandhi wrote in
Indian Opinion: "The corps had been formed at the instance of the Natal Government by way of experiment, in connection with the operations against the Natives consists of twenty three Indians".
[22] Gandhi urged the Indian population in South Africa to join the war through his columns in
Indian Opinion: “If the Government only realized what reserve force is being wasted, they would make use of it and give Indians the opportunity of a thorough training for actual warfare.”
[23]
.^ In Gandhi's opinion, the Draft Ordinance of 1906 brought the status of Indians below the level of Natives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I fear you may no longer be the right person to run Indian Opinion [which Manilal had been editing ever since Gandhi had left South Africa].
^ On 7 March 1908, Gandhi wrote in the Indian Opinion of his time in a South African prison: "Kaffirs are as a rule uncivilized - the convicts even more so.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He therefore urged Indians to resist the Ordinance along the lines of satyagraha by taking the example of " Kaffirs ".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In his words, "Even the half-castes and kaffirs, who are less advanced than we, have resisted the government.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Foreign companies chose to fly in their own technicians and engineers for a huge salary, and pay the remaining Brazilian employees (those who were not sacked) even less.
.^ The pass law applies to them as well, but they do not take out passes."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[24]
.^ In 1927 Gandhi wrote of the event: "The Boer War had not brought home to me the horrors of war with anything like the vividness that the [Zulu] 'rebellion' did.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi in South Africa (1895) Main article: Gandhi's work in South Africa M.K. Gandhi while serving in the Ambulance Corps during the Boer War.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The events of those years brought Gandhi unprecedented exposure in the United States.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ This was no war but a man-hunt, not only in my opinion, but also in that of many Englishmen with whom I had occasion to talk."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Man is the only animal of which I am thoroughly and cravenly afraid...There is no harm in a well-fed lion.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Ah!” replied the Indian, referred to as the savage in the original script, “but this man so rich of whom you talk about, does he not die?” .
[25]
Struggle for Indian Independence (1915–1945)
.^ Gandhi and South Africa, 1914-1948.
^ Gandhi and South Africa 1914 to 1948.
^ See also: Indian Independence Movement In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Yet, as Gregg's bookstore epiphany illustrates, the Indian leader's novel methods of political protest had already brought him his first widespread international attention.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And just the other day, here near Bombay in Thana District, when about fifty hill people returned to Hinduism, the leaders in making them Hindus were Congress leaders of Thana District.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ What plan of Gandhis do the other Indian political leaders agree to put into effect?- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
Role in World War I
.^ A rare instance of this during World War II is depicted in the "Oscar"-award-winning film (1993), "Schindler's List."
^ During World War II, Gandhi penned an open letter to the British people, urging them to surrender to the Nazis.- The American Spectator : Gandhi for Capitalists 16 January 2010 6:41 UTC spectator.org [Source type: Original source]
^ As an admission of Englands helplessness to oppose Gandhis popularity, they invited Gandhi to England to participate in the 1931 Conference on India as the Indian Congress representative.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
[26] .^ Gandhi believed that hand spinning, combined with weaving on hand looms, was the only logical way for the people of India to become self-sufficient and independent.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi is invited to go to England to represent India for discussions about independence.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Are there cases where someone might get the support of an organization they dont agree with?- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[28] .^ During World War II, Gandhi penned an open letter to the British people, urging them to surrender to the Nazis.- The American Spectator : Gandhi for Capitalists 16 January 2010 6:41 UTC spectator.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Consider the fact that at the time Gandhi returned to India in 1914 most of Indias farmers were idle for four months of the year, a factor which greatly contributed to their poverty and hopelessness.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ The World War II noncooperation of Denmark's citizens during the Nazi occupation undermined Nazi attempts to exploit Denmark for war supplies and labor.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ In a June 1918 leaflet entitled "Appeal for Enlistment", Gandhi wrote "To bring about such a state of things we should have the ability to defend ourselves, that is, the ability to bear arms and to use them...If we want to learn the use of arms with the greatest possible despatch, it is our duty to enlist ourselves in the army."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gregg relied on this same ironic premise in defending Gandhi's use of nonviolence.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ "We tried our utmost to secure the attendance of as many high-class people as possible, and thank God we could get what we wanted....
[29] He did however stipulate in a letter to the
Viceroy's private secretary that he "personally will not kill or injure anybody, friend or foe."
[30] Gandhi's war recruitment campaign brought into question his consistency on nonviolence as his friend
Charlie Andrews confirms, "Personally I have never been able to reconcile this with his own conduct in other respects, and it is one of the points where I have found myself in painful disagreement."
[31] Gandhi's private secretary also acknowledges that "The question of the consistency between his creed of 'Ahimsa' (non-violence) and his recruiting campaign was raised not only then but has been discussed ever since."
[28]
Champaran and Kheda
Gandhi in 1918, at the time of the Kheda and Champaran satyagrahas.
.^ Main article: Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha Gandhi in 1918, at the time of the Kheda and Champaran satyagrahas.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's first major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaran agitation and Kheda Satyagraha , although in the latter it was indigo and other cash crops instead of the food crops necessary for their survival.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although Mahatama Gandhi was not the originator of the principle of non-violence, he was the first to apply it in the political field on a huge scale.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Suppressed by the militias of the landlords (mostly British), they were given measly compensation, leaving them mired in extreme poverty.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The villages were kept extremely dirty and unhygienic; and alcoholism,
untouchability and
purdah were rampant.
.^ Now in the throes of a devastating famine, the British levied a tax which they insisted on increasing.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The second thing they did is that they hurt the government in both reduced tax revenue and increased costs for policing the angry protesters.- The American Spectator : Gandhi for Capitalists 16 January 2010 6:41 UTC spectator.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The British responded by jailing Gandhi, a technique that they would employ over and over with little effect, other than to increase Gandhis popularity and influence.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
The situation was desperate. In
Kheda in
Gujarat, the problem was the same.
.^ Gandhi established an ashram there, organizing scores of his veteran supporters and fresh volunteers from the region.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Another point of irritation with Kasturba was Gandhis practice of giving away or selling his own possessions and hers as well for the support of the ashram.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Are there cases where someone might get the support of an organization they dont agree with?- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He organized a detailed study and survey of the villages, accounting for the atrocities and terrible episodes of suffering, including the general state of degenerate living. Building on the confidence of villagers, he began leading the clean-up of villages, building of schools and hospitals and encouraging the village leadership to undo and condemn many social evils, as accounted above.
.^ But his main impact came when he was arrested by police on the charge of creating unrest and was ordered to leave the province.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ By "we" I mean the hundreds of thousands of people in this country who know that the old ways of interacting with the world are not working any more.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
^ You find also cities of two to three hundred thousand people who also have favelas”.
.^ Gandhi led organized protests and strikes against the landlords who, with the guidance of the British government, signed an agreement granting the poor farmers of the region more compensation and control over farming, and cancellation of revenue hikes and its collection until the famine ended.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Judge Broomfield, who presided over the trial, was very respectful of Gandhi, and, contrary to all legal precedent, the judge rose as the prisoner, Gandhi, was led in to testify.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Suppressed by the militias of the landlords (mostly British), they were given measly compensation, leaving them mired in extreme poverty.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Mahatma Gandhi, a great life in brief.
^ It was during this agitation, that Gandhi was addressed by the people as Bapu (Father) and Mahatma (Great Soul).- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Great Soul; the growth of Gandhi.
.^ In Kheda, Sardar Patel represented the farmers in negotiations with the British, who suspended revenue collection and released all the prisoners.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi led organized protests and strikes against the landlords who, with the guidance of the British government, signed an agreement granting the poor farmers of the region more compensation and control over farming, and cancellation of revenue hikes and its collection until the famine ended.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ How can a general amnesty be organized and declared, enabling people to put down their weapons once and for all, with the release of all political prisoners?- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
As a result, Gandhi's fame spread all over the nation.
.^ Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called him, the father of our nation, is no more.- 98.03.05: Mohandas Gandhi: The Art of Nonviolence 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.yale.edu [Source type: Original source]
Non-cooperation
.^ Non-violence in peace & war.
^ Gandhi and Non-violence / by William Borman.
^ Gandhi against Machiavellism; non-violence in politics.
.^ In Punjab , the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of civilians by British troops (also known as the Amritsar Massacre ) caused deep trauma to the nation, leading to increased public anger and acts of violence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi feared that instability and insecurity in Pakistan would increase their anger against India, and violence would spread across the borders.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi has put into action this weapon of satyagraha many a times against the British Government for the removal of political wrongs.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ He had to defy the British government by making injustices visible both to millions of Indians and to world opinion.- The American Spectator : Gandhi for Capitalists 16 January 2010 6:41 UTC spectator.org [Source type: Original source]
^ After World War II Richard Gregg's The Power of Non-Violence became both a textbook and a symbol for practitioners of militant nonviolent action.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He authored the resolution offering condolences to British civilian victims and condemning the riots which, after initial opposition in the party, was accepted following Gandhi's emotional speech advocating his principle that all violence was evil and could not be justified.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In accordance with these views, in 1940, when invasion of the British Isles by Nazi Germany looked imminent, Gandhi offered the following advice to the British people ( Non-Violence in Peace and War ): [ 59 ] .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[32] .^ But it was after the massacre and subsequent violence that Gandhi's mind focused upon obtaining complete self-government and control of all Indian government institutions, maturing soon into Swaraj or complete individual, spiritual, political independence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati : મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી , pronounced [moːɦənˈdaːs kəɾəmˈtʂənd ˈɡaːndʱiː] ( listen ) ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The leader argues with the Indian scientists, who insist on continuing their studies into alternative means of government, when there are other matters the leader considers more pressing.- RBD Succession game 1 - Ghandi Tales - Page 3 - Civilization Fanatics' Forums 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC forums.civfanatics.com [Source type: General]
.^ Mahatma Gandhi's room at Sabarmati Ashram Sabarmati Ashram , Gandhi's home in Gujarat In December 1921, Gandhi was invested with executive authority on behalf of the Indian National Congress .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability , and increase economic self-reliance.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Statewise Election history of Congress Party · Nehru-Gandhi family · Congress Radio · 10 Janpath · The Emergency · Bofors scandal · INA Defence Committee · Indian National Congress (Organisation) · Breakaway parties .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Under his leadership, the Congress was reorganized with a new constitution, with the goal of Swaraj .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the preceding year, the British government had appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon, which did not include any Indian as its member.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Membership in the party was opened to anyone prepared to pay a token fee.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A hierarchy of committees was set up to improve discipline, transforming the party from an elite organization to one of mass national appeal.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi and Non-violence / by William Borman.
^ Gandhi expanded his non-violence platform to include the swadeshi policy — the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In accordance with these views, in 1940, when invasion of the British Isles by Nazi Germany looked imminent, Gandhi offered the following advice to the British people ( Non-Violence in Peace and War ): [ 59 ] .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Linked to this was his advocacy that khadi (homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While Indian workers were often idle due to unemployment, they had often bought their clothing from industrial manufacturers owned by British interests.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It was Gandhi's view that if Indians made their own clothes, it would deal an economic blow to the British establishment in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi and the emancipation of Indian women / by S. Shridevi.
^ Indian independence movement .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi exhorted Indian men and women, rich or poor, to spend time each day spinning khadi in support of the independence movement.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[33] .^ This was a strategy to inculcate discipline and dedication to weed out the unwilling and ambitious, and to include women in the movement at a time when many thought that such activities were not respectable activities for women.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ J.M: How many missionaries and Christians in general help in constructive activities like the village industries movement, the new educational movement, and so on?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ In fact the government at the time doesn’t even acknowledge the existence of large sections of the populations, such as many of those in favelas or communities deep in the country.
.^ In addition to boycotting British products, Gandhi urged the people to boycott British educational institutions and law courts, to resign from government employment, and to forsake British titles and honours .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi has put into action this weapon of satyagraha many a times against the British Government for the removal of political wrongs.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ In addition, the British musician John Lennon referred to Gandhi when discussing his views on non-violence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ "Non-cooperation" enjoyed widespread appeal and success, increasing excitement and participation from all strata of Indian society.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These rights include giving access to civil society to the system of governance in order to increase participation by otherwise excluded sections of the population.
^ Reply Kinseth says: September 21, 2009 at 6:09 pm Ghandi was a Nazi sympathizer who was racist toward all non-Indians.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Fearing that the movement was about to take a turn towards violence, and convinced that this would be the undoing of all his work, Gandhi called off the campaign of mass civil disobedience.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Top P Patil, V.T. Mahatma Gandhi and the civil disobedience movement : a study in the dynamics of the mass movement.
^ Yet, just as the movement reached its apex, it ended abruptly as a result of a violent clash in the town of Chauri Chaura , Uttar Pradesh , in February 1922.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[34] .^ On 19th March 1922, Mr. Gandhi was tried for sedition and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He began his sentence on 18 March 1922.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Inauguration of the Non-Co-operation campaign, 1920; Interview with Lord Reading May 1921 ; appointed sole executive authority of the Congress in 1921 Session of the Congress; Civil Disobedience Programme, February 1922; Suspension of Civil Disobedience campaign on account of Chauri Chaura riots, February 1922; Arrested on March 10, 1922 tried and sentenced to six years simple imprisonment."- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ On 19th March 1922, Mr. Gandhi was tried for sedition and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ While he was in Sabarmati Jail he was interviewed by a representative of The Manchester Guardian some time before March 18, 1922.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Without Gandhi's uniting personality, the Indian National Congress began to splinter during his years in prison, splitting into two factions, one led by Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru favouring party participation in the legislatures, and the other led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel , opposing this move.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's war recruitment campaign brought into question his consistency on nonviolence as his friend Charlie Andrews confirms, "Personally I have never been able to reconcile this with his own conduct in other respects, and it is one of the points where I have found myself in painful disagreement."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Furthermore, cooperation among Hindus and Muslims, which had been strong at the height of the non-violence campaign, was breaking down.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's private secretary also acknowledges that "The question of the consistency between his creed of 'Ahimsa' (non-violence) and his recruiting campaign was raised not only then but has been discussed ever since."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hindu, Muslim and Sikh community leaders, including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Mahasabha assured him that they would renounce violence and call for peace.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi attempted to bridge these differences through many means, including a three-week fast in the autumn of 1924, but with limited success.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There are many stories told through the length and breadth of India about these noble untouchables.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ In the summer of 1934, three unsuccessful attempts were made on Gandhi's life.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[35]
Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
Gandhi at Dandi, 5 April 1930, at the end of the
Salt March.
.^ Gandhi stayed out of active politics and, as such, the limelight for most of the 1920s.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi returned to active politics again in 1936, with the Nehru presidency and the Lucknow session of the Congress.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In his wide-ranging studies and interpretations of Gandhi and India, he had aimed to set out the characteristics of a new civilization, not simply to write a handbook for a new political technology.- Joseph Kip Kosek | Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC www.historycooperative.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Several NGOs turn their attention to combat Brazil’s extreme inequality, by initiating a movement called ‘Citizen’s action against hunger, poverty and for life’.
.^ In the preceding year, the British government had appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon, which did not include any Indian as its member.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He returned to the fore in 1928.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi pushed through a resolution at the Calcutta Congress in December 1928 calling on the British government to grant India dominion status or face a new campaign of non-cooperation with complete independence for the country as its goal.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The result was a boycott of the commission by Indian political parties.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He spoke at the conventions of the Indian National Congress , but was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people by Gopal Krishna Gokhale , a respected leader of the Congress Party at the time.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi has put into action this weapon of satyagraha many a times against the British Government for the removal of political wrongs.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi in 1982 threatened the British Government with dire consequences if the Governor-General did not give permission to Mr. Ranga Iyer to introduce his Temple-entry Bill on behalf of the Congress Party in the Central Legislature.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ As I recall, congress just passed a resolution in the last week or so that would block Acorn from any of the so-called stimulus money.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Swaraj in one year [by] Mahatma Gandhi.
^ To a Gandhian capitalist : correspondence between Mahatma Gandhi and Jamnalal Bajaj and members of his family / edited by Kaka Kalelkar ; foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru.
^ Freedom from fear : reflections on the personality and teachings of Gandhi / by Jawaharlal Nehru ; selected and edited from his speeches and writings by T.K. Mahadevan.
[36] .^ The British did not respond.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ On 31 December 1929, the flag of India was unfurled in Lahore.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ January 1930 was celebrated as India's Independence Day by the Indian National Congress meeting in Lahore.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ See also: Indian Independence Movement In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This day was commemorated by almost every other Indian organization.
.^ Main article: Salt Satyagraha Gandhi at Dandi, 5 April 1930, at the end of the Salt March .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This was highlighted by the famous Salt March to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April, where he marched 388 kilometres (241 miles) from Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt himself.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi then launched a new satyagraha against the tax on salt in March 1930.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Thousands of Indians joined him on this march to the sea.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His campaigns involved him in conflict not only with the British Government of India but also with Hindu orthodoxy.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Unfortunately, Christianity in India has been inextricably mixed up for the last one hundred years with the British rule.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
The government, represented by
Lord Edward Irwin, decided to negotiate with Gandhi.
.^ The British Government agreed to free all political prisoners, in return for the suspension of the civil disobedience movement.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It was launched by Mr. Gandhi because he believed that both the Untouchables and the British Government would quake before his threat of fast unto death, and surrender to his demand.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ In 1980 came the Round Table Conference.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Also as a result of the pact, Gandhi was invited to attend the Round Table Conference in London as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability , and increase economic self-reliance.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The conference was a disappointment to Gandhi and the nationalists, because it focused on the Indian princes and Indian minorities rather than on a transfer of power.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ At the end of the war, the British gave clear indications that power would be transferred to Indian hands.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ September 11 rather than going to war, a powerful transformation could have occurred."- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
Furthermore, Lord Irwin's successor,
Lord Willingdon, began a new campaign of controlling and subduing the nationalist movement.
.^ Gandhi was again arrested, and the government tried to negate his influence by completely isolating him from his followers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Secondly Mr. Gandhi says the money collected by him is given by the Hindus and not by the Untouchables and as the money is not of t he Untouchables, the Untou chables have no right to be on the Governing Body.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ At the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival in 2007, former U.S. Vice-President and environmentalist Al Gore spoke of Gandhi's influence on him.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
But this tactic failed.
Mahadev Desai (left) reading out a letter to Gandhi from the
viceroy at Birla House, Bombay, 7 April 1939
.^ Mahadev Desai (left) reading out a letter to Gandhi from the viceroy at Birla House, Bombay, 7 April 1939 In 1932, through the campaigning of the Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar , the government granted untouchables separate electorates under the new constitution.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi pushed through a resolution at the Calcutta Congress in December 1928 calling on the British government to grant India dominion status or face a new campaign of non-cooperation with complete independence for the country as its goal.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the preceding year, the British government had appointed a new constitutional reform commission under Sir John Simon, which did not include any Indian as its member.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In protest, Gandhi embarked on a six-day fast in September 1932.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The resulting public outcry successfully forced the government to adopt a more equitable arrangement via negotiations mediated by the Dalit cricketer turned political leader Palwankar Baloo.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The leader argues with the Indian scientists, who insist on continuing their studies into alternative means of government, when there are other matters the leader considers more pressing.- RBD Succession game 1 - Ghandi Tales - Page 3 - Civilization Fanatics' Forums 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC forums.civfanatics.com [Source type: General]
.^ This was the start of a new campaign by Gandhi to improve the lives of the untouchables, whom he named Harijans, the children of God.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ At the outset of his campaign for Swaraj Mr. Gandhi told the Untouchables not to side with the British.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi's first argument is that the Harijan Sevak Sangh it an a ct of penance on the part of the Hindus for the sin of observing Untouchability.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ It is said that there have been altogether 21 fasts to the credit of Mr. Gandhi.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The present movement, he said is automatically helping Christian Harijans, but I should be surprised if advantage is not being taken of the movement to drive out untouchability from the Church.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The other movement which Mr. Gandhi sponsored in 1933 was the establishment of the Harijan Sevak Sangh [f.7] with a net-work of branches all over India.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
[37] .^ This new campaign was not universally embraced within the Dalit community, as prominent leader B. R. Ambedkar condemned Gandhi's use of the term Harijans as saying that Dalits were socially immature, and that privileged caste Indians played a paternalistic role.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Leaders Conference,an authentic account of the Leaders Conference held at New Delhi on 19th and 20th February 1943 in respect of Mahatma Gandhi's fast.
^ Their system encourages creativity and entrepreneurship on a fair playing field, with the objective of self-sufficiency and sustainability within their environment and community.
.^ Ambedkar and his allies also felt Gandhi was undermining Dalit political rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indeed, without any compunction they tell the Untouchables that whatever political rights the Untouchables have got under the Poona Pact, they are the result of Mr. Gandhi's efforts.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Muhammad Ali Jinnah and contemporary Pakistanis condemned Gandhi for undermining Muslim political rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi, although born into the Vaishya caste, insisted that he was able to speak on behalf of Dalits, despite the presence of Dalit activists such as Ambedkar.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This new campaign was not universally embraced within the Dalit community, as prominent leader B. R. Ambedkar condemned Gandhi's use of the term Harijans as saying that Dalits were socially immature, and that privileged caste Indians played a paternalistic role.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ambedkar and his allies also felt Gandhi was undermining Dalit political rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In the summer of 1934, three unsuccessful attempts were made on Gandhi's life.
.^ When the Congress Party chose to contest elections and accept power under the Federation scheme, Gandhi resigned from party membership.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Statewise Election history of Congress Party · Nehru-Gandhi family · Congress Radio · 10 Janpath · The Emergency · Bofors scandal · INA Defence Committee · Indian National Congress (Organisation) · Breakaway parties .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As fresh elections to the Central Legislature were announced the Congress Party withdrew its support to the Bill and Mr. Ranga lyer had to drop it.- 41K.What Congress and Gandhi CHAPTER X 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.ambedkar.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ You and I would be dishonest if we did not make clear to one another what we stand for.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ These people are trying to shake the will of the Iraqi citizens, and they want us to leave...I think the world would be better off if we did leave...- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They did not mix with Indians, and Europeans would not mix with them.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi also wanted to avoid being a target for Raj propaganda by leading a party that had temporarily accepted political accommodation with the Raj.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After long deliberations, Gandhi declared that India could not be party to a war ostensibly being fought for democratic freedom, while that freedom was denied to India itself.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When the Congress Party chose to contest elections and accept power under the Federation scheme, Gandhi resigned from party membership.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[38]
.^ Towards non-violent politics and the relation of constructive work to ahimsa, discourses at the five sessions of the Gandhi Seva Sangh from 1936 to 1940 / by Mahatma Gandhi.
^ Reply moe says: September 21, 2009 at 4:22 pm Gandhi was politically highly active until india became independent which is 1947.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indian triumvirate, a political biography of Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, and Pandit Nehru / [by] V. B. Kulkarni.
.^ Although Gandhi wanted a total focus on the task of winning independence and not speculation about India's future, he did not restrain the Congress from adopting socialism as its goal.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He told Gandhiji about a book, India in the Dark Wood , which he had recently read and which wanted the main framework of the dominant Hindu philosophy to be shattered.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ See also: Indian Independence Movement In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Their main points of contention were Bose's lack of commitment to democracy, and lack of faith in non-violence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi had a clash with Subhas Bose , who had been elected president in 1938.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although Mahatama Gandhi was not the originator of the principle of non-violence, he was the first to apply it in the political field on a huge scale.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ At this point, he was coincidentally introduced to the life of Mohandas K. Gandhi in a sermon by Mordecai Johnson, president of Howard University, who had just returned from a trip to India.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891,[4] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All men are brothers : life and thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi as told in his own words / compiled and edited by Krishna Kripalani ; introduced by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
[39]
World War II and Quit India
.^ World War II broke out in 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The World War II noncooperation of Denmark's citizens during the Nazi occupation undermined Nazi attempts to exploit Denmark for war supplies and labor.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The greatest crime since World War II has been US foreign policy.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians volunteer as a stretcher bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In accordance with these views, in 1940, when invasion of the British Isles by Nazi Germany looked imminent, Gandhi offered the following advice to the British people ( Non-Violence in Peace and War ): [ 59 ] .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ All Congressmen resigned from office.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[40] .^ After long deliberations, Gandhi declared that India could not be party to a war ostensibly being fought for democratic freedom, while that freedom was denied to India itself.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ No protracted war can fail to endanger the freedom of a democratic country.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Congress and the freedom struggle : Gandhi and the Congress Socialist Party, 1934-48 : an analysis of their interaction / K.C. Mahendru.
.^ As the war progressed, Gandhi intensified his demand for independence, drafting a resolution calling for the British to Quit India .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi pushed through a resolution at the Calcutta Congress in December 1928 calling on the British government to grant India dominion status or face a new campaign of non-cooperation with complete independence for the country as its goal.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Congress and the freedom struggle : Gandhi and the Congress Socialist Party, 1934-48 : an analysis of their interaction / K.C. Mahendru.
^ The 1930 Salt March in western India, led by Mohandas Gandhi, father of nonviolent civil disobedience, challenged the British monopoly and tax on salt.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress and partition of India / D.C. Jha.
[41]
Gandhi's handwriting, on a note preserved at Sabarmati Ashram
.^ Congress and the freedom struggle : Gandhi and the Congress Socialist Party, 1934-48 : an analysis of their interaction / K.C. Mahendru.
^ Gandhi in South Africa, British imperialism and the Indian question, 1860-1914 / by Robert A. Huttenback.
^ I have several other similar articles, some from Christian Indians.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ If the KKK says it’s part of the green party, I don’t think ill of the green party, I just hate the KKK more for giving some unsuspecting party leader the kiss of death by endorsing them.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Others felt that Gandhi's refusal for India to participate in the war was insufficient and more direct opposition should be taken, while Britain fought against Nazism yet continued to contradict itself by refusing to grant India Independence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What steps should be taken to eradicate the foreign prejudice against us?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Quit India became the most forceful movement in the history of the struggle, with mass arrests and violence on an unprecedented scale.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Main article: Quit India Movement Jawaharlal Nehru sitting next to Gandhi at the AICC General Session, 1942.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He described this mass movement as a miracle, one of the great miracles of Christian history.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[42] .^ Thousands of freedom fighters were killed or injured by police gunfire, and hundreds of thousands were arrested.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hundreds of thousands of people protested and rallied outside the jail, police stations and courts demanding his release, which the court reluctantly granted.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Reply Joe says: September 20, 2009 at 6:38 am Technically, Gandhi died in 1948, India became independent in 1947, and WWII ended in 1945.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The first question was if Christian missionaries would be asked to quit after India became independent.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ They probably would have won the war if the weren’t so friggin’ frugal.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He called on all Congressmen and Indians to maintain discipline via ahimsa , and Karo Ya Maro ("Do or Die") in the cause of ultimate freedom.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Fail all around, I say.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ KFA is even worse than I thought).
.^ Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee were arrested in Bombay by the British on 9 August 1942.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was held for two years in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It was here that Gandhi suffered two terrible blows in his personal life.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi earnestly believed that a person involved in public service should lead a simple life .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His 50-year old secretary Mahadev Desai died of a heart attack 6 days later and his wife Kasturba died after 18 months imprisonment in 22 February 1944; six weeks later Gandhi suffered a severe malaria attack.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Story of my experiments with truth / by M. K. Gandhi ; translated from the original in Gujarati by Mahadev Desai.
^ Gandhi spent one day of each week in silence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Did Billy Mays die or something?- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The pertinent question: if Americans did not want these wars should they have been compelled to fight them?- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When a movie is released in more places, viewership may increase because resistance to a long drive comes down.
.^ Although the Quit India movement had moderate success in its objective, the ruthless suppression of the movement brought order to India by the end of 1943.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ At the end of the war, the British gave clear indications that power would be transferred to Indian hands.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Main article: Quit India Movement Jawaharlal Nehru sitting next to Gandhi at the AICC General Session, 1942.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ At this point Gandhi called off the struggle, and around 100,000 political prisoners were released, including the Congress's leadership.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ South Africa's freedom struggle : statements, speeches and articles including correspondence with Mahatma Gandhi / Yusuf Mohamed Dadoo ; with a foreword by Shri R. Venkataraman.
^ The multifunctional aspect of family farming, with its critical impact on the world around it, calls for ‘political’ decisions to be made in light of their possible effects on this crucial sector of society.
Freedom and partition of India
.^ As a rule, Gandhi was opposed to the concept of partition as it contradicted his vision of religious unity.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was vehemently opposed to any plan that partitioned India into two separate countries.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[43] Of the
partition of India to create Pakistan, he wrote in
Harijan on 6 October 1946:
[The demand for
.^ [The demand for Pakistan] as put forth by the Moslem League is un-Islamic and I have not hesitated to call it sinful.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Islam stands for unity and the brotherhood of mankind, not for disrupting the oneness of the human family.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Therefore, those who want to divide India into possibly warring groups are enemies alike of India and Islam.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All those who seek to destroy the liberties of a democratic nation ought to know that war is the surest and shortest means to accomplish it.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ India observes January 30, the day of his assassination, as Martyr's Day , to commemorate those who gave up their lives in service of the Indian nation.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ We must make our choice; we cannot have both.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The start being wrong all that follows must be necessarily so.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Where we love is home - home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
[44]
However, as Homer Jack notes of Gandhi's long correspondence with
Jinnah on the topic of Pakistan: "Although Gandhi was personally opposed to the partition of India, he proposed an agreement...which provided that the Congress and the Moslem League would cooperate to attain independence under a provisional government, after which the question of partition would be decided by a plebiscite in the districts having a Moslem majority."
[45].^ These dual positions on the topic of the partition of India opened Gandhi up to criticism from both Hindus and Muslims.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi and the partition of India / Sandhya Chaudhri.
^ While inviting these agencies to work in subordination to Hindu agencies set up for Harijan uplift, he said, You may choose to work independently.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Ambedkar and his allies also felt Gandhi was undermining Dalit political rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Muhammad Ali Jinnah and contemporary Pakistanis condemned Gandhi for undermining Muslim political rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Additionally Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the leader of the Muslim League, commanded widespread support in West Punjab , Sindh , North-West Frontier Province and East Bengal .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his allies accused him of politically appeasing Muslims while turning a blind eye to their atrocities against Hindus, and for allowing the creation of Pakistan, despite having publicly declared that "before partitioning India, my body will have to be cut into two pieces".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This continues to be politically contentious: some, like Pakistani-American historian Ayesha Jalal argue that Gandhi and the Congress's unwillingness to share power with the Muslim League hastened partition; others, like Hindu nationalist politician Pravin Togadia indicated that excessive weakness on Gandhi's part led to the division of India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Of the partition of India to create Pakistan , he wrote in Harijan on 6 October 1946: .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi also expressed his dislike for partition during the late 1930s in response to the topic of the partition of Palestine to create Israel .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These dual positions on the topic of the partition of India opened Gandhi up to criticism from both Hindus and Muslims.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He stated in
Harijan on 26 October 1938:
.^ Several letters have been received by me asking me to declare my views about the Arab-Jew question in Palestine and persecution of the Jews in Germany .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Reply No1askedme says: September 21, 2009 at 5:18 pm I’m not asking you to support me, I’m just stating my views on the subject.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The first question they asked him was, There are several religions in the world.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ It is not without hesitation that I venture to offer my views on this very difficult question.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indeed, this would pose some very difficult political, legal, and social questions, to say nothing of the technical problems.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several letters have been received by me asking me to declare my views about the Arab-Jew question in Palestine and persecution of the Jews in Germany .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ My sympathies are all with the Jews.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ I have known them intimately in South Africa.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Some of them became life-long companions. Through these friends I came to learn much of their age-long persecution.
.^ But my sympathy does not blind me to the requirements of justice.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And why does a Christian go to a Church and when he is required to take an oath swear by the Bible?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Peacock stating that he was an Indian Christian who wanted to work for the removal of untouchability in Andhra without surrendering my Christ...- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ The cry for the national home for the Jews does not make much appeal to me.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Its freedom from dogma makes a forcible appeal to me in as much as it gives the votary the largest scope for self-expression.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ A highwayman is as much a robber when he plunders in a gang as when single; and a nation that makes an unjust war is only a great gang.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
The sanction for it is sought in the Bible and the tenacity with which the Jews have hankered after return to Palestine.
.^ And just the other day, here near Bombay in Thana District, when about fifty hill people returned to Hinduism, the leaders in making them Hindus were Congress leaders of Thana District.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Why should you want him to pass through your university and no other?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The main mistake that people make who want to make social change is that they never get around to actually acting.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Palestine belongs to the Arabs in the same sense that England belongs to the English or France to the French.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It is wrong and inhuman to impose the Jews on the Arabs. What is going on in Palestine today cannot be justified by any moral code of conduct.
[47]
.^ Gandhi advised the Congress to reject the proposals the British Cabinet Mission offered in 1946, as he was deeply suspicious of the grouping proposed for Muslim-majority states—Gandhi viewed this as a precursor to partition.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In accordance with these views, in 1940, when invasion of the British Isles by Nazi Germany looked imminent, Gandhi offered the following advice to the British people ( Non-Violence in Peace and War ): [ 59 ] .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians volunteer as a stretcher bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ However, this became one of the few times the Congress broke from Gandhi's advice (though not his leadership), as Nehru and Patel knew that if the Congress did not approve the plan, the control of government would pass to the Muslim League .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, one night, Gandhi's uncle came to relieve Gandhi for a while.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If I did not do so, you would always be patronizing me, as many Christians do now, saying, How nice it would be if Gandhi accepted Christianity, and Muslims would be doing the same, saying, How nice it would be if Gandhi accepted Islam!- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Between 1946 and 1948, over 5,000 people were killed in violence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi and the partition of India / Sandhya Chaudhri.
^ Gandhi and the partition of India : a new perspective / Kamran Shahid.
^ Gandhi vs Jinnah : the debate over the partition of India / Allen Hayes Merriam.
.^ But an overwhelming majority of Muslims living in India, alongside Hindus and Sikhs, favoured partition.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For a Christian to become a Hindu or a Muslim or a Sikh is a fate worse than death.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The partition plan was approved by the Congress leadership as the only way to prevent a wide-scale Hindu-Muslim civil war.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Additionally Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the leader of the Muslim League, commanded widespread support in West Punjab , Sindh , North-West Frontier Province and East Bengal .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Muhammad Ali Jinnah and contemporary Pakistanis condemned Gandhi for undermining Muslim political rights.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He conducted extensive dialogue with Muslim and Hindu community leaders, working to cool passions in northern India, as well as in Bengal .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The partition plan was approved by the Congress leadership as the only way to prevent a wide-scale Hindu-Muslim civil war.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But an overwhelming majority of Muslims living in India, alongside Hindus and Sikhs, favoured partition.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Congress leaders knew that Gandhi would viscerally oppose partition, and it was impossible for the Congress to go ahead without his agreement, for Gandhi's support in the party and throughout India was strong.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Initially, Gandhi favoured offering "non-violent moral support" to the British effort, but other Congressional leaders were offended by the unilateral inclusion of India in the war, without consultation of the people's representatives.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, as Homer Jack notes of Gandhi's long correspondence with Jinnah on the topic of Pakistan: "Although Gandhi was personally opposed to the partition of India, he proposed an agreement...which provided that the Congress and the Moslem League would cooperate to attain independence under a provisional government, after which the question of partition would be decided by a plebiscite in the districts having a Moslem majority."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi's closest colleagues had accepted partition as the best way out, and Sardar Patel endeavoured to convince Gandhi that it was the only way to avoid civil war.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi also wanted to avoid being a target for Raj propaganda by leading a party that had temporarily accepted political accommodation with the Raj.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The partition plan was approved by the Congress leadership as the only way to prevent a wide-scale Hindu-Muslim civil war.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A devastated Gandhi gave his assent.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He conducted extensive dialogue with Muslim and Hindu community leaders, working to cool passions in northern India, as well as in Bengal .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Additionally Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the leader of the Muslim League, commanded widespread support in West Punjab , Sindh , North-West Frontier Province and East Bengal .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hindu, Muslim and Sikh community leaders, including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Mahasabha assured him that they would renounce violence and call for peace.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Despite the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 , he was troubled when the Government decided to deny Pakistan the 55 crores (550 million Indian rupees ) due as per agreements made by the Partition Council.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The immediate result was the domination and extermination of millions of Indians by war, slavery and disease 1 .
^ He launched his last fast-unto-death on January 12, 1948, in Delhi , [ 49 ] asking that all communal violence be ended once and for all, Muslims homes be restored to them and that the payment of 550 million rupees be made to Pakistan.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ War against a foreign country only happens when the moneyed classes think they are going to profit from it.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Governments use national animosities, foreign wars and the glamour of empire-making, in order to...divert rising sentiment against domestic abuses.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This would bring humanity back to the markets where it belongs, turning money back into a useful tool for triangular exchange, back from its current status as master.
.^ Gandhi was also devastated when demands resurged for all Muslims to be deported to Pakistan, and when Muslim and Hindu leaders expressed frustration and an inability to come to terms with one another.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These dual positions on the topic of the partition of India opened Gandhi up to criticism from both Hindus and Muslims.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All mankind...being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
[48] .^ Gandhi's arrival in Delhi, turned out to an important intervention in ending the rioting, he even visited Muslims mohallas to restore faith of the Muslim populace.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I even come a cross a favela in Paqueta, on a chilled out week-end brake to a small island 25 minutes away from Rio.
^ It turns out that in this case, even bending over to IMF conditions isn’t enough to attract capital back to Brazil, and capital flight continues, threatening Brazilian solvency.
.^ He launched his last fast-unto-death on January 12, 1948, in Delhi , [ 49 ] asking that all communal violence be ended once and for all, Muslims homes be restored to them and that the payment of 550 million rupees be made to Pakistan.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Despite the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 , he was troubled when the Government decided to deny Pakistan the 55 crores (550 million Indian rupees ) due as per agreements made by the Partition Council.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A week later, on June 9, near the end of the all-night ride home from South Carolina, the Continental Trailwaysbus stopped in Winona, Mississippi.- Gandhian nonviolence: Mahatma Gandhi and the refusal to cooperate with social injustice 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.lysistrataproject.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi feared that instability and insecurity in Pakistan would increase their anger against India, and violence would spread across the borders.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It was Gandhi's view that if Indians made their own clothes, it would deal an economic blow to the British establishment in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He further feared that Hindus and Muslims would renew their enmity and that this would precipitate open civil war.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hindu, Muslim and Sikh community leaders, including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Mahasabha assured him that they would renounce violence and call for peace.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Branch had come to believe that there were many secret followers of Jesus in India who were not coming out in the open because they feared persecution from Hindu society.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
After emotional debates with his life-long colleagues, Gandhi refused to budge, and the Government rescinded its policy and made the payment to Pakistan.
.^ Hindu, Muslim and Sikh community leaders, including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Mahasabha assured him that they would renounce violence and call for peace.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For a Christian to become a Hindu or a Muslim or a Sikh is a fate worse than death.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ He did not feel that he was being communal when he called himself a Hindu.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi thus broke his fast by sipping orange juice.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[50]
Assassination
Raj Ghat: Gandhi's ashes at Aga Khan Palace (Pune, India).
.^ Leaders Conference,an authentic account of the Leaders Conference held at New Delhi on 19th and 20th February 1943 in respect of Mahatma Gandhi's fast.
^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891,[4] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ibid., Volume 30, New Delhi, 1968, p.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), who belonged to the Hindu Modh community, was the diwan (Prime Minister) of the eponymous Porbander state, a small princely state in the Kathiawar Agency of British India.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We have long held, proclaimed the Conference, that the one serious rival for the spiritual supremacy of India that Christianity has to face is resurgent Hinduism, and recent happenings have deepened the conviction.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Branch had come to believe that there were many secret followers of Jesus in India who were not coming out in the open because they feared persecution from Hindu society.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[51] .^ Gandhi's memorial (or Samādhi ) at Rāj Ghāt , New Delhi, bears the epigraph "Hē Ram", ( Devanagari : हे !- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were later tried and convicted; they were executed on 15 November 1949.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Leaders Conference,an authentic account of the Leaders Conference held at New Delhi on 19th and 20th February 1943 in respect of Mahatma Gandhi's fast.
राम or,
.^ These are widely believed to be Gandhi's last words after he was shot, though the veracity of this statement has been disputed.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nor do I regard the New as the last word of God...- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ God-botherers and other true believers : Gandhi, Hitler, and the religious right / F. G. Bailey.
[52] Jawaharlal Nehru addressed the nation through radio:
[53]
.^ Reply Semperfidd says: September 21, 2009 at 11:44 am So by your logic then it doesnt matter who you hang out with?- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He quoted Christ about Preach and Teach and said, The whole Christian religion is the religion of sharing our life, and how can we share without supplementing our lives with words.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ He is as much a seeker after truth as you and I are, possibly more so I tell you there are many such huts belonging to the untouchables where you will certainly find God.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called him, the father of the nation, is no more.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He is also now called as "Father of the nation" in Indian.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hindu, Muslim and Sikh community leaders, including the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Mahasabha assured him that they would renounce violence and call for peace.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Perhaps I am wrong to say that; nevertheless, we will not see him again, as we have seen him for these many years, we will not run to him for advice or seek solace from him, and that is a terrible blow, not only for me, but for millions and millions in this country."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ (G.) Then you will say to him, Have you seen your own doctor?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ When a Christian preacher goes and says to a Harijan that Jesus was the only begotten son of God, he will give him a blank stare.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
-
Jawaharlal Nehru's
address to Gandhi
.^ Gandhi's ashes were poured into urns which were sent across India for memorial services.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi feared that instability and insecurity in Pakistan would increase their anger against India, and violence would spread across the borders.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was vehemently opposed to any plan that partitioned India into two separate countries.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Most were immersed at the Sangam at Allahabad on 12 February 1948 but some were secretly taken away.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1997, Tushar Gandhi immersed the contents of one urn, found in a bank vault and reclaimed through the courts, at the Sangam at Allahabad.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[54] .^ In 1997, Tushar Gandhi immersed the contents of one urn, found in a bank vault and reclaimed through the courts, at the Sangam at Allahabad.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Tushar Gandhi went to court to gain custody of the ashes after newspapers reported in 1995 that they were at the bank."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Most were immersed at the Sangam at Allahabad on 12 February 1948 but some were secretly taken away.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[54][55] On 30 January 2008 the contents of another urn were immersed at
Girgaum Chowpatty by the family after a Dubai-based businessman had sent it to a
Mumbai museum.
[54] .^ Another urn has ended up in a palace of the Aga Khan in Pune [ 54 ] (where he had been imprisoned from 1942 to 1944) and another in the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in Los Angeles.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was held for two years in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ See also: Assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Raj Ghat : Gandhi's ashes at Aga Khan Palace (Pune, India).- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[56] .^ The family is aware that these enshrined ashes could be misused for political purposes but does not want to have them removed because it would entail breaking the shrines.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While there, he was unhappy, in part because his family wanted him to become a barrister .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ (P.C.) Do you think that because of what you call the mental reservation, the work that one could accomplish would suffer?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[54]
Gandhi's principles
Truth
.^ Gandhi dedicated his life to the wider purpose of discovering truth , or Satya .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Jewel of humanity, life of Mahatma Gandhi, and Light of truth: his teachings.
^ Gandhi explains his philosophy and way of life in his autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He tried to achieve this by learning from his own mistakes and conducting experiments on himself.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gokhale's Charity , My Experiments with Truth , M.K. Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Rowlatt Bills and my Dilemma , My Experiments with Truth , M.K. Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi stated that the most important battle to fight was overcoming his own demons, fears, and insecurities.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi feared that instability and insecurity in Pakistan would increase their anger against India, and violence would spread across the borders.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ War is a quarrel between two thieves too cowardly to fight their own battle.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
Gandhi summarized his beliefs first when he said "
God is Truth". He would later change this statement to "Truth is God". Thus,
Satya (Truth) in Gandhi's philosophy is "God".
Nonviolence
.^ Although Mahatama Gandhi was not the originator of the principle of non-violence, he was the first to apply it in the political field on a huge scale.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi and Non-violence / by William Borman.
^ Gandhi against Machiavellism; non-violence in politics.
[57] .^ The concept of nonviolence ( ahimsa ) and nonresistance has a long history in Indian religious thought and has had many revivals in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Jewish and Christian contexts.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It is only one of the many specimens of contempt which Christians have shown for Hindus.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Think of the caricature of Hinduism, which one finds in so many publications of the Christian Literature Society.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Story of my experiments with truth / by M. K. Gandhi ; translated from the original in Gujarati by Mahadev Desai.
^ Autobiography; or the story of my experiments with truth by M. K. Gandhi; translated from the original in Gujarati by Mahadev Desai.
He was quoted as saying:
.^ The Planet will be here long after the People have depleted all the People-consumable resources (think: Soylent…) and passed on into the fogs of non-history (without people to remember, there won’t be any history) .- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall — think of it, always."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They were told that, unless they wore the cross at all times and believed in the truth and efficacy of Christianity, there would not be any good effect in the case of diseased patients.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ "What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans, and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty and democracy?"- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans, and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty and democracy?- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Our media of approach are different, but that does not make Him different.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
^ An eye for an eye makes us all blind.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ "There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but no causes that I am prepared to kill for."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There's no difference between one's killing and making decisions that will send others to kill.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The executive has no right, in any case, to decide the question, whether there is or is not cause for declaring war.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ In applying these principles, Gandhi did not balk from taking them to their most logical extremes in envisioning a world where even government, police and armies were nonviolent.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although Mahatama Gandhi was not the originator of the principle of non-violence, he was the first to apply it in the political field on a huge scale.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Government of India awards the annual Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize to distinguished social workers, world leaders and citizens.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The quotations below are from the book "For Pacifists."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[58]
.^ The science of war leads one to dictatorship, pure and simple.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The science of non-violence alone can lead one to pure democracy...Power based on love is thousand times more effective and permanent than power derived from fear of punishment....It is a blasphemy to say non-violence can be practiced only by individuals and never by nations which are composed of individuals...The nearest approach to purest anarchy would be a democracy based on non-violence...A society organized and run on the basis of complete non-violence would be the purest anarchy
.^ Science of the soul force or Mahatma Gandhi's doctrine of truth & non-violence.
^ I do not believe any policy which has behind it the threat of military force is justified as part of the basic foreign policy of the United States except to defend the liberty of our own people.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The people will instinctively render them every help and through mutual cooperation they will easily deal with the ever decreasing disturbances...Violent quarrels between labor and capital and strikes will be few and far between in a non-violent state because the influence of the non-violent majority will be great as to respect the principle elements in society.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A systematic solution to this roller-coaster tearing economies and societies to bits at every loop has been proposed and is supported by millions of people and civil society organisations all over the world.
^ It was stated that the Bishop of Dornakal in the Telegu region reckons that about a million people in his diocese are moving Christward and among the Ezhavas 850,000 have waited on the Bishop in Travancore, because they are anxious that their entire community should become Christians.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ As there is no interest on the loan, and no loan shark exploiting the vulnerability of the poor, this system offers an honest path to the development of this community.
^ There is no better communism on earth, and I have illustrated it with one verse from the Upanishads which means: God pervades all - animate and inanimate.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Not only was it too far from work, impersonal with no communal areas or community atmosphere, but they were expected to pay rent to live there.
.^ A non-violent army acts unlike armed men, as well in times of peace as in times of disturbances.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Reply No1askedme says: September 20, 2009 at 8:37 pm I believe that there is indeed a time and place for both peaceful resistance and violent resistance.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Theirs will be the duty of bringing warring communities together, carrying peace propaganda, engaging in activities that would bring and keep them in touch with every single person in their parish or division.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The great armies, accumulated to provide security and preserve the peace, carried the nations to war by their own weight.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Every government has as much of a duty to avoid war as a ship's captain has to avoid a shipwreck.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Such an army should be ready to cope with any emergency, and in order to still the frenzy of mobs should risk their lives in numbers sufficient for that purpose.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
...Satyagraha
.^ Satyagraha (truth-force) brigades can be organized in every village and every block of buildings in the cities.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Without exception, every single building is protected from the city by a large iron gate.
[If the non-violent society is attacked from without] there are two ways open to non-violence.
.^ To yield possession, but non-cooperate with the aggressor...prefer death to submission.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Even this was seen by him as a Jewish rather than a Christian contribution.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The second way would be non-violent resistance by the people who have been trained in the non-violent way...The unexpected spectacle of endless rows upon rows of men and women simply dying rather than surrender to the will of an aggressor must ultimately melt him and his soldiery...A nation or group which has made non-violence its final policy cannot be subjected to slavery even by the atom bomb....- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The level of non-violence in that nation, if that even happily comes to pass, will naturally have risen so high as to command universal respect.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He is officially honoured in India as the Father of the Nation ; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He had not yet emerged as the Mahatma, nor risen to the supreme command of the national movement for freedom from British rule.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
In accordance with these views, in 1940, when invasion of the British Isles by Nazi Germany looked imminent, Gandhi offered the following advice to the British people (
Non-Violence in Peace and War):
[59]
.^ "I would like you to lay down the arms you have as being useless for saving you or humanity.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It’s like trying to read them on my Blackberry so by the time you get further down in a thread, it’s one letter per line.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under India’s caste system, the darker you are the lower your caste with black people being barely human and not deserving of any respect.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ You will invite Herr Hitler and Signor Mussolini to take what they want of the countries you call your possessions...If these gentlemen choose to occupy your homes, you will vacate them.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The pertinent question: if Americans did not want these wars should they have been compelled to fight them?- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Why should you want him to pass through your university and no other?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ If they do not give you free passage out, you will allow yourselves, man, woman, and child, to be slaughtered, but you will refuse to owe allegiance to them."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If you have come to give rich treasures of experiences, open your hearts out to receive the treasures of this land, and you will not be disappointed, neither will you have misread the message of the Bible.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ You may be able give solitary instances of men here and there, but they do not count.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
In a post-war interview in 1946, he offered a view at an even further extreme:
"Hitler," Gandhi said, "killed five million Jews.
.^ It is the greatest crime of our time.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
But the Jews should have offered themselves to the butcher’s knife.
.^ They should have thrown themselves into the sea from cliffs… It would have aroused the world and the people of Germany… As it is they succumbed anyway in their millions."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If, therefore, you go on serving people and ask them also to serve, then they would understand.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ A systematic solution to this roller-coaster tearing economies and societies to bits at every loop has been proposed and is supported by millions of people and civil society organisations all over the world.
[60]
.^ However, Gandhi was aware that this level of nonviolence required incredible faith and courage, which he realized not everyone possessed.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He therefore advised that everyone need not keep to nonviolence, especially if it were used as a cover for cowardice:
.^ Gandhi, Rowlatt satyagraha, and British imperialism : emergence of mass movements in Punjab & Delhi / Hari Singh.
^ Those who give up essential liberties for temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ What we need is reform that can help people get on their feet without taking from those who can already stand.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ 'I do believe,' he wrote, 'that where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence.'"- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If India used violence then it would only given the British Raj more authority in their eyes.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And may I ask you, is there any amalgamation between Islam and Christianity, though both are said to believe in one God?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[61]
.^ "At every meeting I repeated the warning that unless they felt that in non-violence they had come into possession of a force infinitely superior to the one they had and in the use of which they were adept, they should have nothing to do with non-violence and resume the arms they possessed before.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nothing good ever comes of violence.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They are back every second or third night though, evidently attracted by the quiet and safe street of one of the most expensive neighbourhoods in town.
.^ It has never been my wish that the freedom of India should mean the ruin of Christians here or that they should become Hindus or Muslims or Sikhs.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhiji said, I agree that the Arya Samaj represents a type of militant Hinduism, but they never believed in the cult of the sword.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Once the voters are at the ballots, they must have the abilities and information to weigh up the alternatives.
.^ Their bravery consisted not in being good marksmen but in defying death and being ever ready to bare their breasts to the bullets."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[62]
.^ All those who seek to destroy the liberties of a democratic nation ought to know that war is the surest and shortest means to accomplish it.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He came for two more rounds some years later.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood...War is hell.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ His refusal to protest against the hanging of Bhagat Singh , Sukhdev , Udham Singh and Rajguru were sources of condemnation among some parties.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[citation needed]
.^ There is joy in my soul today.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi and Non-violence / by William Borman.
^ Gandhi against Machiavellism; non-violence in politics.
[63]
.^ Gandhi and the Middle East : Jews, Arabs and imperial interests / Simone Panter-Brick.
. . to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor".
[64]
He continued this argument in a number of articles reprinted in Homer Jack's
The Gandhi Reader: A Sourcebook of His Life and Writings. In the first, "Zionism and Anti-Semitism," written in 1938,
.^ In the first, "Zionism and Anti-Semitism," written in 1938, Gandhi commented upon the 1930s persecution of the Jews in Germany within the context of Satyagraha .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi commented upon the 1930s persecution of the Jews in Germany within the context of Satyagraha .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several letters have been received by me asking me to declare my views about the Arab-Jew question in Palestine and persecution of the Jews in Germany .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He offered non-violence as a method of combating the difficulties Jews faced in Germany, stating,
.^ If I were a Jew and were born in Germany and earned my livelihood there, I would claim Germany as my home even as the tallest Gentile German might, and challenge him to shoot me or cast me in the dungeon; I would refuse to be expelled or to submit to discriminating treatment.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But if there can be no war against Germany, even for such a crime as is being committed against the Jews, surely there can be no alliance with Germany.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Why should they not, like other peoples of the earth, make that country their home where they are born and where they earn their livelihood?- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ And for doing this I should not wait for the fellow Jews to join me in civil resistance, but would have confidence that in the end the rest were bound to follow my example.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Rather than ask them to join my prayer, I would join their prayer.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ When I was in jail, I got, from three separate sources, no less than three copies of the Life of Sister Therese , in the hope that I should follow her example and accept Jesus as the only begotten son of God and my Saviour.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ If one Jew or all the Jews were to accept the prescription here offered, he or they cannot be worse off than now.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians volunteer as a stretcher bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhiji said, No, not shocked either I do not believe at all that one individual can wash off the sins of some other and grant him redemption.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ And suffering voluntarily undergone will bring them an inner strength and joy...the calculated violence of Hitler may even result in a general massacre of the Jews by way of his first answer to the declaration of such hostilities.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But if the Jewish mind could be prepared for voluntary suffering, even the massacre I have imagined could be turned into a day of thanksgiving and joy that Jehovah had wrought deliverance of the race even at the hands of the tyrant.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And yet the very first proposition has not ceased to puzzle the brains of some of the most intellectual and philosophical persons even in the present generation.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ But if the Jewish mind could be prepared for voluntary suffering, even the massacre I have imagined could be turned into a day of thanksgiving and joy that Jehovah had wrought deliverance of the race even at the hands of the tyrant.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And suffering voluntarily undergone will bring them an inner strength and joy...the calculated violence of Hitler may even result in a general massacre of the Jews by way of his first answer to the declaration of such hostilities.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ For to the God-fearing, death has no terror.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I have no fear of death, it’s more of a resentment, the prospect is unpleasant, but I do not really fear it.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[65]
.^ It was a great solace to the Christian theologian and missionary that in the aftermath of Mahatma Gandhi he could silence all Hindu criticism of Christianity by merely mentioning these two magic names Jesus and the Sermon.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Reply charro the Floydist says: September 20, 2009 at 2:10 pm Two of my bestest friends ever are big queers.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mahatma Gandhis recognition of these ideologies as dharmas as good as Sanatana Dharma leads only to two conclusions.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ The two critics suggest that in presenting non-violence to the Jews as a remedy against the wrong done to them, I have suggested nothing new...what I have pleaded for is renunciation of violence of the heart and consequent active exercise of the force generated by the great renunciation.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ "At every meeting I repeated the warning that unless they felt that in non-violence they had come into possession of a force infinitely superior to the one they had and in the use of which they were adept, they should have nothing to do with non-violence and resume the arms they possessed before.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the November 1938 article on the Nazi persecution of the Jews quoted above, he offered non-violence as a solution: .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[66]
Gandhi's statements regarding Jews facing the impending
Holocaust have attracted criticism from a number of commentators.
[67] .^ Martin Buber wrote a sharply critical open letter to Gandhi on 24 February 1939.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Buber asserted that the comparison between British treatment of Indian subjects and Nazi treatment of Jews was inappropriate; moreover, he noted that when Indians were the victims of persecution, Gandhi had, on occasion, supported the use of force.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's letters on Indian affairs.
[68].^ In the first, "Zionism and Anti-Semitism," written in 1938, Gandhi commented upon the 1930s persecution of the Jews in Germany within the context of Satyagraha .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi commented upon the 1930s persecution of the Jews in Germany within the context of Satyagraha .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several letters have been received by me asking me to declare my views about the Arab-Jew question in Palestine and persecution of the Jews in Germany .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In the November 1938 article on the Nazi persecution of the Jews quoted above, he offered non-violence as a solution:
.^ The German persecution of the Jews seems to have no parallel in history.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The tyrants of old never went so mad as Hitler seems to have gone.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ And he is doing it with religious zeal.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ For he is propounding a new religion of exclusive and militant nationalism in the name of which any inhumanity becomes an act of humanity to be rewarded here and hereafter.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Let us form a new religion, that which would be called 'humanity', with 'peace' as its prophet.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The crime of an obviously mad but intrepid youth is being visited upon his whole race with unbelievable ferocity.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The time has come to stop beating our heads against stone walls under the illusion that we have been appointed policeman to the human race.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If we let people see that kind of thing, there would never again be any war.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ War would end if the dead could return.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
But I do not believe in any war. A discussion of the pros and cons of such a war is therefore outside my horizon or province.
.^ In war, there are no winners.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But if there can be no war against Germany, even for such a crime as is being committed against the Jews, surely there can be no alliance with Germany.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But there was no such thing.
.^ And may I ask you, is there any amalgamation between Islam and Christianity, though both are said to believe in one God?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ There are others in the field also, but as a devotee of truth I say that, if there is any difference between their methods, it is one of degree and not of kind.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[69][70]
Vegetarianism
.^ As a young child, Gandhi experimented with meat-eating.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This was due partially to his inherent curiosity as well as his rather persuasive peer and friend Sheikh Mehtab.
.^ The idea of vegetarianism is deeply ingrained in Hindu and Jain traditions in India, and, in his native land of Gujarat , most Hindus are vegetarian and so are almost all Jains.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was born a Hindu and practised Hinduism all his life, deriving most of his principles from Hinduism.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But I hope you are here also in a receptive mood and, if there is anything that India has to give, you will not stop your ears, you will not close your eyes and steel your hearts, but open up your ears, eyes and, most of all, your hearts to receive all that may be good in the land.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
[71][72] .^ The Gandhi family was no exception.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Before leaving for his studies in London, Gandhi made a promise to his mother, Putlibai and his uncle, Becharji Swami that he would abstain from eating meat, taking alcohol, and engaging in promiscuity.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His time in London, the Imperial capital, was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji, upon leaving India, to observe the Hindu precepts of abstinence from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891,[4] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It was more than I could believe that Jesus was the only incarnate son of God, and that only he who believed in him would have everlasting life.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The maintenance of the right of criticism in the long run will do the country...more good than it will do the enemy.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ As long as mankind shall bestow more liberal applause on their destroyers than on their benefactors, the thirst for military glory will remain the vice of the most exalted characters.- Quotes 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC antiwar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ As Gandhi grew into adulthood, he became a strict vegetarian .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During this period, the young Gandhi became inspired by many great minds and was befriended by the chairman of the London Vegetarian Society, Dr. Josiah Oldfield.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ I have several other similar articles, some from Christian Indians.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Some of the vegetarians he met were members of the Theosophical Society, which had been founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Influenced by Salt’s book, he joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected to its executive committee[10], and started a local Bayswater chapter.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[74] During this period, the young Gandhi became inspired by many great minds and was befriended by the chairman of the London Vegetarian Society, Dr. Josiah Oldfield.
.^ Having also read and admired the work of Henry Stephens Salt , the young Mohandas met and often corresponded with the vegetarian campaigner.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi spent much time advocating vegetarianism during and after his time in London.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It is worth noting that during Gandhi's time, the term Kaffir had a different connotation than its present-day usage .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Madeleine Slade (known as "Mirabehn") was the daughter of a British admiral who spent much of her adult life in India as a devotee of Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Only I wanted to say that the London Missionary Society was a liberal body and would not make an irresponsible statement.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ It was more than I could believe that Jesus was the only incarnate son of God, and that only he who believed in him would have everlasting life.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Also, many Indians of the time struggled with low income, thus vegetarianism was seen not only as a spiritual practice but also a practical one.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And as one Nation under God, we know that many times our most powerful tool is prayer.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I am one of the multitudes having practically travelled more than half a dozen times all over India and have not seen any transformation on the scale described by Dr. Pickett, and certainly none of recent date.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ As a pacifist he used fasting as a protest, as well as to attempt to unite opposing factions.- http://www.heritage-images.com/Preview/PreviewPage.aspx?id=1147836&licenseType=RM&pricing=true&from=search&back=1147836 13 January 2010 21:39 UTC www.heritage-images.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He refused to eat until his death or his demands were met.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It was noted in his autobiography that vegetarianism was the beginning of his deep commitment to Brahmacharya ; without total control of the palate, his success in Bramacharya would likely falter.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Anyone who WANTS to “live” off of nothing but welfare gets the life they deserve, and it’s not much of one.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ To live a pure unselfish life, one must count nothing as one's own in the midst of abundance.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
Raw groundnuts, bananas, dates, lemons and olive oil composed our usual diet."
[75] .^ Every man, however wise, needs the advice of some sagacious friend in the affairs of life.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The Father persisted, But if Indians begin to believe in one God and give up idolatry, dont you think the whole difficulty will be solved?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ I don’t see a need to justify my actions, nor do I even need a reason to do things at times, sometimes I just do something because I can.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ (William Tecumseh Sherman) God grant me the courage not to give up what I think is right even though I think it is hopeless.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Service Affirmations Man can never be a woman's equal in the spirit of selfless service with which nature has endowed her.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
^ (Ghandi) Man can never be a woman's equal in the spirit of selfless service with which nature has endowed her.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
Brahmacharya
.^ When Gandhi was 16 his father became very ill.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Being very devoted to his parents, he attended to his father at all times during his illness.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ However, one night, Gandhi's uncle came to relieve Gandhi for a while.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He retired to his bedroom where carnal desires overcame him and he made love to his wife.
.^ In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, the couple’s first child was born, but survived only a few days; Gandhi’s father, Karamchand Gandhi, had died earlier that year.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ I have never felt a feeling of guilt in my life, regret yes, but not guilt.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
He came to refer to this event as "double shame." The incident had significant influence in Gandhi becoming
celibate at the age of 36, while still married.
[77]
.^ In the many essays he wrote on the principles and practices of Hinduism, we find him affirming not only the fundamentals of Hindu spirituality but also the framework of Hindu culture and social philosophy.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi saw Brahmacharya as a means of becoming close with God and as a primary foundation for self realization.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In his autobiography he tells of his battle against lustful urges and fits of jealousy with his childhood bride,
Kasturba. He felt it his personal obligation to remain celibate so that he could learn to love, rather than lust.
.^ For Gandhi, Brahmacharya meant "control of the senses in thought, word and deed."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ According to Gandhi active-celibacy meant perfect self control in the presence of opposite sex.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All men are brothers : life and thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi as told in his own words / compiled and edited by Krishna Kripalani ; introduced by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
[78].
.^ Towards the end of his life, it became public knowledge that Gandhi had been sharing his bed for a number of years with young women.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi conducted his experiments with a number of women such as Abha, the sixteen year old wife of his grandnephew Kanu Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi had earlier written to her father, Jaisukhlal Gandhi, that Manu had started to share his bed so that he may "correct her sleeping posture".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[79][80] .^ Later in his life he started experimenting with brahmacharya in order to test his self control.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He explained that he did this for bodily warmth at night and termed his actions as "nature cure".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi explains his philosophy and way of life in his autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His letter to Birla in April, 1945 referring to 'women or girls who have been naked with me' indicates that several women were part of his experiments.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As part of these experiments, he initially slept with his women associates in the same room but at a distance.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[81] .^ He wrote five editorials in Harijan discussing the practice of brahmacharya.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[82]
As part of these experiments, he initially slept with his women associates in the same room but at a distance.
.^ Afterwards he started to lie in the same bed with his women disciples and later took to sleeping naked alongside them .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi had earlier written to her father, Jaisukhlal Gandhi, that Manu had started to share his bed so that he may "correct her sleeping posture".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[83] .^ According to Gandhi active-celibacy meant perfect self control in the presence of opposite sex.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Main article: Swaraj Gandhi was a self-described philosophical anarchist , [ 95 ] [ 96 ] and his vision of India meant India without an underlying government.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For Gandhi, Brahmacharya meant "control of the senses in thought, word and deed."- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Gandhi conducted his experiments with a number of women such as Abha, the sixteen year old wife of his grandnephew Kanu Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His nineteen year old grandniece, Manu Gandhi, too was part of his experiments.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I admire such wisdom and reflection from a fourteen-year-old.
.^ My regard for the life of Jesus is indeed very great...- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
Gandhi had earlier written to her father, Jaisukhlal Gandhi, that Manu had started to share his bed so that he may "correct her sleeping posture".
[84] Gandhi saw himself as a mother to these women and would refer to Abha and Manu as "my walking sticks".
.^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891,[4] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[85] .^ He wrote a foreword to it on March 21, 1945.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Story of my experiments with truth / by M. K. Gandhi ; translated from the original in Gujarati by Mahadev Desai.
^ I cut through my cheese and mushroom pizza and look up while taking a bite.
.^ This is the culmination of my striving for last thirty six years.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In this yajna I got a glimpse of the ideal truth and purity for which I have been striving".
Gandhi had to take criticism for his experiments by many of his followers and opponents.
.^ His stenographer, R. P. Parasuram, resigned when he saw Gandhi sleeping naked with Manu.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi saw himself as a mother to these women and would refer to Abha and Manu as "my walking sticks".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi had earlier written to her father, Jaisukhlal Gandhi, that Manu had started to share his bed so that he may "correct her sleeping posture".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[86] .^ Gandhi insisted that he never felt aroused while he slept beside her, or with Sushila or Abha.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi felt tremendous guilt and never could forgive himself.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Before leaving, the professor said, But I have great respect for you.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ My days with Gandhi / by Nirmal Kumar Bose.
^ My days with Gandhi / Nirmal Kumar Bose.
^ Nirmal Kumar Bose, another close associate of Gandhi, parted company with him in April, 1947 post Gandhi's tour of Noakhali, where some sort of altercation had taken place between Gandhi and Sushila Nayar in his bedroom at midnight that caused Gandhi to slap his forehead.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Bose had stated that the nature of his experiments in bramhacharya still remained unknown and unstated.
[86][87].^ N. K. Bose, who stayed close to Gandhi during his Noakhali tour, testified that "there was no immorality on part of Gandhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nirmal Kumar Bose, another close associate of Gandhi, parted company with him in April, 1947 post Gandhi's tour of Noakhali, where some sort of altercation had taken place between Gandhi and Sushila Nayar in his bedroom at midnight that caused Gandhi to slap his forehead.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I , Gandhi was invited by the Viceroy to a War Conference in Delhi.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Converts are those who are born again or should be.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ He who turns his enemy into a friend.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Not statistics, but men, women and children, old people, brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers and grand parents.
Simplicity
.^ Gandhiji: If a person wants to believe in the Bible let him say so, but why should he disregard his own religion?- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
He first displayed this principle when he gave up wearing western-style clothing, which he associated with wealth and success.
.^ When he returned to India he renounced the western lifestyle he lead in South Africa, where he had enjoyed a successful legal practice.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Though unable to halt the bill's passage, his campaign was successful in drawing attention to the grievances of Indians in South Africa.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ See also: Indian Independence Movement In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Gandhi dressed to be accepted by the poorest person in India, advocating the use of homespun cloth (
khadi).
.^ He and his followers adopted the practice of weaving their own clothes from thread they themselves spun, and encouraged others to do so.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The practice of giving up unnecessary expenditure, embracing a simple lifestyle and washing his own clothes, Gandhi called "reducing himself to zero".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But by establishing hospitals, schools and other institutions, they attracted our children and men, and our people left their own religion and embraced Christianity.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ An Englishmen defended Bishop Hebers song on the ground that the song did not refer to Indians but to Christians and that they described themselves in their songs very often as the worst of sinners.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ If one does so because they see it to be in their own interest, then I do not believe it to be merely altruistic, but egoistic as well.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It was Gandhi's view that if Indians made their own clothes, it would deal an economic blow to the British establishment in India.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians volunteer as a stretcher bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The practice of giving up unnecessary expenditure, embracing a simple lifestyle and washing his own clothes, Gandhi called "reducing himself to zero".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Congress ideology and programme, 1920-47; ideological foundations of Indian nationalism during the Gandhian era, by P. D. Kaushik.
^ Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress : studies in Gandhi's contribution to the development of the Indian National Congress / edited by S.L. Malhotra.
.^ He subsequently wore a dhoti for the rest of his life to express the simplicity of his life.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The practice of giving up unnecessary expenditure, embracing a simple lifestyle and washing his own clothes, Gandhi called "reducing himself to zero".- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On one occasion he returned the gifts bestowed to him from the Natals for his diligent service to the community.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Forgiveness Affirmations One who is injured ought not to return the injury, for on no account can it be right to do an injustice; and it is not right to return an injury, or to do evil to any man, however much we have suffered from him.- Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations. Affirmation Jewelry. Positive Affirmations 12 January 2010 0:26 UTC www.handcraftedcollectibles.com [Source type: Original source]
[90]
.^ Gandhi spent one day of each week in silence.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He believed that abstaining from speaking brought him inner peace .- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ This influence was drawn from the Hindu principles of mauna ( Sanskrit : मौनं — silence) and shanti ( Sanskrit : शांति — peace).- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Christian missionaries had been propagating that the Reform Movement in Hinduism as well as Gandhijis doctrine of Satyagraha were influenced by the principles of Christianity.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ On such days he communicated with others by writing on paper.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It cost about 20000 reals or under £5000, donated by the church and collected from community intiative such as selling shirts and other products.
^ But I was told the other day that the Bible condemns such conduct.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ For three and a half years, from the age of 37, Gandhi refused to read newspapers, claiming that the tumultuous state of world affairs caused him more confusion than his own inner unrest.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nothing can be more miraculous than the three years of his ministry.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ At the same time, they state, "Gandhi's experiences in jail seemed to make him more sensitive to their plight...the later Gandhi mellowed; he seemed much less categorical in his expression of prejudice against Africans, and much more open to seeing points of common cause.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
After reading
John Ruskin's
Unto This Last, he decided to change his lifestyle and create a commune called
Phoenix Settlement.
Faith
.^ Hinduism believes in the oneness not of merely all human life but in the oneness of all that lives.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ All men are brothers : life and thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi as told in his own words / compiled and edited by Krishna Kripalani ; introduced by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
.^ Crane asked him if he regarded Hinduism as a synthesis of all religions.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
^ As a common Hindu, he believed all religions to be equal, and rejected all efforts to convert him to a different faith.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For us who believe in the equality of all religions, the birth of Jesus Christ is as worthy of veneration as that of Rama, Krishna, etc.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ He was an avid theologian and read extensively about all major religions.- Boston University School of Theology Archives 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC sthweb.bu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Reply charro the Floydist says: September 20, 2009 at 12:39 pm I’ve read many things about Sanger and I am not shocked at all.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What has caused confusion and misunderstanding about his Hinduism is the concept of sarva-dharma-samabhAva (equal regard for all religions) which he had developed after deep reflection.- Encounter with Mahatma Gandhi 28 January 2010 0:23 UTC www.bharatvani.org [Source type: Original source]
He had the following to say about Hinduism:
.^ Gandhi was called to the bar on June 10, 1891 and left London for India on June 12, 1891,[4] where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London, his family having kept the news from him.- WIN « Pundit Kitchen: Lol News and Lol Sarah Palin, Barack Obama, John McCain, Joe Biden and more 6 January 2010 8:15 UTC punditkitchen.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's editor : the letters of M.H. Nazar, 1902-1903 / [edited by] Surendra Bhana, James D. Hunt.
^ Two letters to Gandhi from Martin Buber and J.L. Magnes.
.^ Political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.
^ Mahatma Gandhi: political saint and unarmed prophet.
^ Political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi & sarvodaya.
) International Studies in Political Socialization and Education. Bd. 8. Hamburg 1996. ISBN 3-926952-97-0
Rühe, Peter. Gandhi: A Photo biography. ISBN 0-7148-9279-3
Sharp, Gene. Gandhi as a Political Strategist, with Essays on Ethics and Politics. Boston: Extending Horizon Books, 1979.
Singh, Col. G. B. Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity. Prometheus Books, 2004. ISBN 978-1573929981
Singh, Col. G. B. and Watson, Dr. Tim Gandhi Under Cross Examination, Sovereign Star Publishing, 2008. ISBN 0981499201
Sofri, Gianni. Gandhi and India: A Century in Focus. (1995) ISBN 1-900624-12-5
External links
| Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi |
|
| Family |
|
|
| Influences |
|
|
| Life |
|
|
| Philosophy |
|
|
| Associates |
|
|
| Legacy |
|
|
| Influenced |
|
|
| Memorials at |
|
|
| Persondata |
| NAME |
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES |
Gandhi, Mahatma |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION |
Political leader |
| DATE OF BIRTH |
2 October 1869(1869-10-02) |
| PLACE OF BIRTH |
Porbandar, Gujarat, India |
| DATE OF DEATH |
30 January 1948 |
| PLACE OF DEATH |
Birla House, New Delhi, India |
Wikis
Quiz
Facts
Misc
_1969,_MiNr_608.jpg&filetimestamp=20080119203817)
listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement.^ 
Search
