| 12nd | Top writers of Northern Ireland |
| Æ | |
|---|---|
![]() George William Russell |
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| Born | 10 April 1867 Lurgan, County Armagh, Ireland |
| Died | 17 July 1935 (aged 68) Bournemouth, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Other names | Æ, Æon |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom, Irish Free State |
| Education | Rvd. Edward Power's school, 3 Harrington Street, Dublin |
| Alma mater | Metropolitan School of Art |
| Occupation | Author, poet, editor, critic, painter |
| Home town | Dublin |
| Known for | Poetry, painting |
George William Russell (10 April 1867 – 17 July 1935) who wrote under the pseudonym Æ (sometimes written AE or A.E.), was an Irish nationalist, writer, editor, critic, poet, and painter. He was also a mystical writer, and centre of a group of followers of theosophy in Dublin, for many years.
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Russell was born in Lurgan, County Armagh. His family moved to Dublin when he was eleven. He was educated at Rathmines School and the Metropolitan School of Art, where he began a lifelong friendship with William Butler Yeats.[1] He started working as a draper’s clerk, then worked many years for the Irish Agricultural Organization Society (IAOS), an agricultural co-operative movement founded by Horace Plunkett in 1894. The two came together in 1897 when the co-operative movement was eight years old. Plunkett needed an able organiser and W. B. Yeats suggested Russell, who became Assistant Secretary of the IAOS.
He was an able lieutenant and travelled extensively throughout Ireland as a spokesman for the society, mainly responsible for developing the credit societies and establishing co-operative banks in the south and west of the country whose numbers rose to 234 by 1910. The pair made a good team, with each gaining much from the association with the other.[2]
Russell was editor from 1905-1923 of The Irish Homestead, the journal of the IAOS, and infused it with the vitality that made it famous half the world over. His gifts as a writer and publicist gained him a wide influence in the cause of agricultural co-operation.[1] He was also editor of the The Irish Statesman from 15 September 1923 until 12 April 1930. He used the pseudonym "AE", or more properly, "Æ". This derived from an earlier Æ'on signifying the lifelong quest of man, subsequently shortened.
His first book of poems, Homeward: Songs by the Way (1894), established him in what was known as the Irish Literary Revival, where Æ met the young James Joyce in 1902 and introduced him to other Irish literary figures, including William Butler Yeats. He appears as a character in the "Scylla and Charybdis" episode of Joyce's Ulysses, where he dismisses Stephen's theories on Shakespeare. His collected poems appeared in 1913, with a second edition in 1926.
His house in Rathgar Avenue in Dublin became a meeting-place at the time for everyone interested in the economic and artistic future of Ireland.[1] His interests were wide-ranging; he became a theosophist and wrote extensively on politics and economics, while continuing to paint and write poetry.[1] Æ claimed to be a clairvoyant, able to view various kinds of spiritual beings, which he illustrated in paintings and drawings. The keynote of his work may be found in a motto from the Bhagavadgita prefixed to one of his earlier poems I am Beauty itself among beautiful things.[1]
He moved to England after his wife’s death in 1932 and died in Bournemouth in 1935.[1] He is buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery, Dublin.
George William Russell (10 April 1867 – 17 July 1935) was an Irish nationalist, critic, poet, and painter who often wrote under the pseudonym Æ.
Contents |
The Nuts of Knowledge
Immortality
The Hermit
The Great Breath
The Divine Vision
The Burning Glass
A Vision Of Beauty
The Master Singer
Aphrodite
Babylon
Alter Ego
Symbolism
Sung On A By-Way
The Hunter Also known as "Refuge"
The Vision Of Love
A Call of the Sidhe
Janus
The Grey Eros
By The Margin Of The Great Deep
Three Counsellors
Desire
Sacrifice
Reconciliation
Well, when all is said and done
Dana
Remembrance
The Hour of the King
The Winds of Angus
Reflections
Natural Magic
Forgiveness
A Woman's Voice
The Heroes
Blindness
Brotherhood
The Man to the Angel
Endurance
The Vesture of the Soul
The Twilight of Earth
The Dream
The Parting Of Ways
The Virgin Mother
"GEORGE WILLIAM RUSSELL (1867-), Irish writer and painter (best known under his sobriquet of "A "), was born in Lurgan, co. Armagh, Ireland, April 10 1867, the second son of Thomas Elias Russell. He went to Dublin with his parents in 1874, and was educated at Rathmines school. After some years spent in an accountant's office in Dublin he joined the Irish Agricultural Organization Society in 1897 and became an organizer of agricultural societies. In 5904 he became editor of the Irish Homestead, the organ of the agricultural cooperative movement in Ireland, a position he still held in 1921. He published his first book of verse, Homeward: Songs by the Way, in 1894. His second, The Earth Breath, was published in 1897. Literary Ideals in Ireland, some essays in collaboration with W. B. Yeats, W. Larminie and John Eglinton, appeared in 1899; and Ideals in Ireland, essays in collaboration with W. B. Yeats, Douglas Hyde, Standish O'Grady, D. P. Moran and Lady Gregory, appeared in 1901. The Nuts of Knowledge, a book of selections of his lyrics, was hand-printed in 1903. The Divine Vision, his third book of verse, appeared in 1904; The Mask of Apollo, a book of mystical tales, appeared in the same year; New Poems (edited, 1904); a hand-printed selection of his verse By Still Waters (1906); some Irish Essays (1906). Deirdre, a play in three acts, was published in 1907. The Hero in Man, an imaginative musing on the character of the soul, appeared in 5909; The Renewal of Youth, a similar meditation, in 191r. Cooperation and Nationality and The Rural Community, two pamphlets embodying cooperative ideals, were published respectively in 1912 and 1913. Collected Poems appeared in 1913, and Gods of War and other poems, privately printed, in 1915. Imaginations and Reveries, a book of prose essays, was published in 1915; The National Being: Some Thoughts on an Irish Polity in 1917; The Candle of Vision, prose, in 1919. He was a member of the Irish Convention called in 1917, and his Thoughts for a Convention, now embodied in the 1921 edition of Imaginations and Reveries, appeared that year. As well as those mentioned, he published from time to time pamphlets on various social and political subjects.
As a poet he ranks among the mystics, in the sense that his verse is dominated by a spiritual conception of the universe. Of the two great poets brought to light by the Irish literary revival, W. B. Yeats and "7E," it might be said of Yeats that he coined for the world the treasure recovered by the renewed access to Gaelic sources into what was virtually a new language in poetry, and of " IE " that he brought into Irish literature the ancient spiritual thought of the world. His gifts as a poet are reinforced by the vision of an artist, and though in verse he attained his highest expression, his paintings convey a vision of nature as intimate and delicate as in his verse.
He embodied his ideals for the cooperative movement and his thoughts for an Irish polity in The National Being. In this book cooperative ideals are used, in a fashion entirely novel, for the creation of a society which would be easily malleable to human impulse and yet stable. The foundations of his state do not begin in a legislature but in the parishes of the country, the social order taking precedence of the political order. He exhibits a general dread of the highly organized state, a dread which may be to some extent an Irish characteristic, and would make the pillars of his nation innumerable cooperative societies, each with the largest freedom for economic and social development, but federated together for enterprises which are too extensive for operation by a small community alone. He would like these communities to do many things which in other countries State departments are asked by socialists to undertake. His ideas on these matters had considerable effect upon the younger generation of Irishmen as well as upon the cooperative agricultural movement in Ireland, founded by Sir Horace Plunkett, and in which "Æ " had worked so many years. His Candle of Vision is a record of a personal psychological experience expressed in a luminous and distinguished prose. His economic writings in The Irish Homestead and elsewhere, his imaginative prose writings, his verse and his painting, exhibit a unity and harmony rare in one whose modes of expression are so diverse. This probably arises because all are inspired by a conception of God and man and Nature as one single yet multitudinous being, and out of this philosophical root comes the harmony of character maintained throughout in work in such varied spheres as painting, poetry, psychology, economics and politics. (S. L. M.)
Categories: ROY-RZH | Scottish, Irish and Welsh poets
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