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Updated live from Wikipedia, last check: June 01, 2012 18:17 UTC (45 seconds ago)
(Redirected to Glacial period article)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A glacial period is an interval of time within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate within an ice age. The last glacial period ended about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago; the current Holocene epoch is the interglacial we are presently in.

Contents

Quaternary ice age

Main articles: Quaternary glaciation and timeline of glaciation
Glacial and interglacial cycles of the late Pleistocene epoch within the Quaternary glaciation, as represented by atmospheric CO2, measured from ice core samples going back 650,000 years

Within the Quaternary glaciation (2.58 Ma to present), there have been various glacials and interglacials.

The Pleistocene extent of the Quaternary ice age, has been subdivided into the following stages.

Some of these stages, the Cromerian, Beestonian, and Wolstonian stages, consist of multiple glacial and interglacial periods. Other stages, the Anglian and Hoxnian stages, consist either of single glacial or interglacial periods.

Last glacial period

Main article: Last glacial period

The last glacial period was the most recent glacial period within the current ice age, occurring in the Pleistocene epoch, which began about 70,000 and ended between 10,000 and 15,000 Before Christ (BC). The glaciations that occurred during this glacial period covered many areas of the Northern Hemisphere, and have different names, depending on their geographic distributions: Wisconsin (in North America), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland), Würm (in the Alps), Weichsel (in northern central Europe) and Llanquihue in Chile. The glacial advance reached its maximum extent about 18,000 BP. In Europe, the ice sheet reached northern Germany.

Next glacial period

See also: Milankovitch cycles

Since orbital variations are predictable,[1] if one has a model that relates orbital variations to climate, it is possible to run such a model forward to "predict" future climate. Two caveats are necessary: that anthropogenic effects (global warming) are likely to exert a larger influence over the short term; and that the mechanism by which orbital forcing influences climate is not well understood.

Work by Berger and Loutre suggests that the current warm climate may last another 50,000 years.[2].

See also

References

  1. ^ F. Varadi, B. Runnegar, M. Ghil (2003). "Successive Refinements in Long-Term Integrations of Planetary Orbits". The Astrophysical Journal 592: 620–630. doi:10.1086/375560. http://astrobiology.ucla.edu/OTHER/SSO/SolarSysInt.pdf. 
  2. ^ Berger A, Loutre MF (2002). "Climate: An exceptionally long interglacial ahead?". Science 297 (5585): 1287–1288. doi:10.1126/science.1076120. PMID 12193773. 
Continental Glaciations
General
Landforms
North American Places
Arrowhead Provincial Park, Ontario • Ice Age Trail, Idaho, Washington & Oregon • Glacial Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin • Interstate State Park, Wisconsin • Kelleys Island, Ohio • Kettle Moraine State Forest, Wisconsin • Lake Bonneville, Utah • Lake Lahontan, Nevada • Lion's Head Provincial Park, Ontario • Mill Bluff State Park, Wisconsin • Oneida Lake, New York • Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario • Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area, Wisconsin • Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field, Washington • Yosemite National Park, California
Eurasian and Antarctic Places
Time periods

Simple English

File:Japan
A map showing the glaciation of Japan about 20,000 years ago

Glaciation is the forming of ice (glaciers) on land.[1] It is releated to the Milankovitch theory.[2]

Causes of glaciation

  • A temperature decrease about 4-5o C around the world[1]
  • Higher amounts of snow near the Arctic[1]
  • The difference of the Earth's orbit from a perfect circle[3]
  • Changes in Earth's tilt[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/glacial_systems/glaciation_causes.html
  2. ↑ http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/glaciation.html
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/ice_ages/why_glaciations1.html


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