From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
.^ There are six species and numerous subspecies of sheep distributed throughout Asia and North America, but the domestic sheep now occurs worldwide.- Comparative Placentation > Domestic Sheep 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC placentation.ucsd.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ Feeding: The animals are herded during the day by family members, usually with sheep.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Subtypes, races and related types: Related to both the Short- and Long-eared Somali goat types.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Subtypes, races and related types: Most closely related to the Central and Western Highland goats.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[1]
.^ The goat was one of the first animals to be domesticated by humans, about 9,000 years ago.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Some goat keepers feed TWICE as much milk as I outline here.
^ To a lesser extent goat skins are needed for various home uses among the Guji people in Borena and Sidamo (carrying rugs, reinforcements to utensils etc).- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Skins: Skins of Nubian goats are used as water containers, and some are sold.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[2] In the twentieth century they also gained in popularity as
pets.
[3]
.^ If you want a goat primarily for milk, be sure to get a dairy type doe (female goat).
^ Working goats milkers, pack goats, breeding buck, heavily pregnant does, etc can be fed several pounds of grain a day.
^ The presence of a buck (uncastrated male goat) stimulates the reproductive cycle (estrous) and the behaviors of the does that indicate that they are in the fertile part of their cycle (in heat).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Male goats, not destined to stand stud as bucks should be castrated (making them wethers).
^ The effect of short-term consumption of a forage containing condensed tannins on gastro-intestinal nematode parasite infections in grazing wether goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Working goats milkers, pack goats, breeding buck, heavily pregnant does, etc can be fed several pounds of grain a day.
.^ CL can be picked up in bedding or by touching some other area that has been contaminated by goats with abscesses, and the infectious organism persists in the environment for several months.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Meat: Goat meat is preferred to mutton in most areas where the Long-eared Somali goat is kept.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Carolina State University – Extension Animal Husbandry (see Meat Goat) www.cals.ncsu.edu/an_sci/extension/animal/eahmain.html .- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Etymology
The
Modern English word
goat comes from the
Old English gat which meant "she-goat", and this in turn derived from
Proto-Germanic *gaitaz (cf.
Old Norse and
Dutch geit "goat",
German Geiß "she-goat", and
Gothic gaits "goat"), ultimately from
Proto-Indo-European *ghaidos meaning "young goat" but also "jump" (cf.
Latin haedus "kid",
Old Church Slavonic zajęcǐ "hare",
Sanskrit jihīte "he jumps").
[4] .^ Straight horns, occur on 71% of the males, curved on 26%, with polled goats forming 3% of the population.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Referring to the example we used above to calculate cost ( Feeding Meat Goats section), it is easy to see the impact of a winter hay bill of $35 per doe.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The presence of a buck (uncastrated male goat) stimulates the reproductive cycle (estrous) and the behaviors of the does that indicate that they are in the fertile part of their cycle (in heat).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
"Nanny goat" originated in the 18th century and "billy goat" in the 19th.
History
.^ Origins: Most likely derived from the Somali goat type.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Certainly all pet and dairy goats should not be allowed to carry horns and there is little evidence that they are of much value to the domesticated goat in any application.
^ Most people keep their goats in the pen all the time, though some are never penned at all.
.^ Referring to the example we used above to calculate cost ( Feeding Meat Goats section), it is easy to see the impact of a winter hay bill of $35 per doe.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Highland farmers in North Omo use part of the family home to keep the small flocks during the night and early hours of the morning.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats are used widely all around the globe for meat, fiber production, brush clearing, pack & draught work, showing, pets, and, of course, milk.
[1] .^ The goat was one of the first animals to be domesticated by humans, about 9,000 years ago.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Around urban areas Nubian goats may be supplemented with crop residues and other feeds.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goat producers who are really conscientious about ridding a herd of CAE will not allow infected goats to have any contact with non-infected goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ CL can be picked up in bedding or by touching some other area that has been contaminated by goats with abscesses, and the infectious organism persists in the environment for several months.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
These methods of
herding are still used today.
.^ Skins: Skins of Nubian goats are used as water containers, and some are sold.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These goats are well adapted to arid environments, infrequent watering (every 3-4 days) and travelling long distances.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Somali make water containers (karbit) and use goat skins to churn butter.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It has also been used to produce
parchment.
Anatomy
.^ Most are horned; color and size are variable.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, even after selection, most Tennessee Meat Goats grow more slowly and mature to a smaller size than Boer, Kiko, or dairy goats.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several meat-goat breeds are available in the U.S. The most widely available and the breed best suited to extensive range is the Spanish meat goat, also known as the “brush” goat.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Polled goats are found in 5% of males and 7% of females.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The goats in Sidamo are horned with only 1.7% of females and 1.8% of males being polled.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Deficiency of Zn increased Cu contents, especially in the brain, liver and uterus of female and male goats (Gruen et al.
.^ There were no polled goats recorded.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Straight horns, occur on 71% of the males, curved on 26%, with polled goats forming 3% of the population.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The goats in Sidamo are horned with only 1.7% of females and 1.8% of males being polled.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Skins and other products: The horn is used as a musical instrument (zoombara) in Assosa.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[6]
Goats are
ruminants.
.^ Goats are ruminants; that is, they have a four-compartment stomach designed to digest large quantities of forages.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Goats have horizontal slit-shaped
pupils, an adaptation which increases
peripheral depth perception.
[7] .^ The MIG systems have been used more extensively with cattle than with sheep or goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats need more copper than sheep do.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mineral contents in feed resources, their strengths and weaknesses are nevertheless important to know, especially for goats, where browse, forbs and weeds, which have not been studied analytically very much, play such a vital feeding role (Devendra, 1990).
.^ Beards were observed in 66% of males and 7% of the females.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Polled goats are found in 5% of males and 7% of females.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wattles were observed in 6% of males and 3% of females.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[8]
.^ Wild sheep look a little bit goat-like.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Gedeo in Sidamo do not use goat milk, but they do not seem to like cow milk either.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Though you’d have to come up with some creative use for your snow boots… .- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Reproduction
A 2 month old goat kid in a field of
capeweed.
.^ In addition to pasture or browse, it may be necessary at some times of the year to supplement goats with extra protein and/or energy.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some goat milk markets demand year-round production.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Most goats are seasonal breeders, reacting to shorter days as a cue for breeding.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ They will continue to cycle (unless they are bred) every 21 days or so, until days lengthen in late January or February.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After Christmas, all bucks are taken from their groups, all does are put back together, and a “clean-up” buck is given one to two additional weeks to catch any does that still come into heat.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the dry season most owners are able to water their goats every day, 25% water every other day, while 21% water every third day.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Does in heat (estrus) are at the proper stage for breeding; at this time, they will be receptive to the buck.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The presence of a buck (uncastrated male goat) stimulates the reproductive cycle (estrous) and the behaviors of the does that indicate that they are in the fertile part of their cycle (in heat).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under MIG, legumes and native grasses may reappear in the pasture, and producers often report that the pasture plant community becomes more diverse.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Does in heat (estrus) are at the proper stage for breeding; at this time, they will be receptive to the buck.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The presence of a buck (uncastrated male goat) stimulates the reproductive cycle (estrous) and the behaviors of the does that indicate that they are in the fertile part of their cycle (in heat).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After Christmas, all bucks are taken from their groups, all does are put back together, and a “clean-up” buck is given one to two additional weeks to catch any does that still come into heat.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Rut is characterized by a decrease in appetite and obsessive interest in the does.
.^ Some goat producers (especially those who raise dairy goats) use artificial insemination (A.I.) for breeding.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Gestation length is approximately 150 days.
.^ Of all births reported 83% were single, 16% were twin and 1% were triplet births.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Single births were 62% of all births while twins were 36% and triplets 2%.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Single births account for 83% of all births while twins account for 17%.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Less frequent are litters of
quadruplet,
quintuplet, and even
sextuplet kids. Birthing, known as
kidding, generally occurs uneventfully. Right before kidding the doe will have a sunken area around the tail and hip. Also she will have heavy breathing, a worried look, become restless and show great display of affection for her keeper. The mother often
eats the placenta, which gives her much needed nutrients, helps stanch her bleeding, and parallels the behavior of wild
herbivores such as deer to reduce the lure of the birth scent for predators.
[9][10]
.^ However, for dairy production, it may be more economical to separate the kids from the mothers, feed kids with a milk replacer, and sell the extra goat milk.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, milk production is less for a doe that kids in the fall than when she kids in the spring.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ We’re crossbreeding the Boer breed of meat goat, developed in South Africa, with the Spanish does to add carcass quality, but production remains the key.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Please refer to Goats: Sustainable Production Overview for general information on pasturing goats.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Referring to the example we used above to calculate cost ( Feeding Meat Goats section), it is easy to see the impact of a winter hay bill of $35 per doe.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Because they have been selected for milk production rather than carcass qualities, dairy breeds will not normally produce a meaty carcass (with the exception of Nubians).- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ For milk-producing goats, it is necessary to consider the withdrawal period that a chemical dewormer may require (in order for the goat to be free of residues) before the milk can be sold for consumption.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Because they have been selected for milk production rather than carcass qualities, dairy breeds will not normally produce a meaty carcass (with the exception of Nubians).- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under MIG, legumes and native grasses may reappear in the pasture, and producers often report that the pasture plant community becomes more diverse.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
After the 305 day lactation, the doe will "dry off", typically after she has been bred.
.^ Milk yield was not affected by F deficiency in goats (Anke and Groppel, 1989), but they had significantly higher fat and protein contents after 35 days in lactation.
^ They will continue to cycle (unless they are bred) every 21 days or so, until days lengthen in late January or February.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For normal milk yields, goats should be given 1.74 g Na/kg ration DM/day, while levels of 0.31 g Na/kg DM/day are inadequate.
[11] .^ When kids are bottle-raised on non-pasteurized milk, the milk is usually pooled for all kids, so that one positive doe can have a disastrous effect on a goat herd’s CAE status.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some CAE-positive goats never show any symptoms of CAE; a good kid producer or a heavy-milking doe that is CAE-positive may still have a place within the herd.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Diet
.^ Contrary to the popular image of goats thriving on tin cans, goats actually require a more nutritious diet than do other ruminants.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Wild sheep look a little bit goat-like.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ You should try to have your animals in good body condition before winter, so they can tolerate the cold and still have adequate reserves at kidding season.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats can be incorporated into existing grazing operations with sheep and cattle, and they can also be used to control weeds and brush to help make use of a pasture’s diversity.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[13] Another possibility is that the goats are curious about the unusual smells of leftover food in discarded cans or boxes.
A domestic goat feeding in a field of capeweed, a weed which is toxic to most stock animals
.^ In addition, they sell many of the books available on general goat production and specialty books on dairy, meat, and fiber goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Many suppliers of sheep and goat equipment also offer books in their catalogs, and copies are available from the publishers as well.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Since goats, cattle, and sheep prefer different forages, in many pasture situations these species do not compete for the same food.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Levels of requirements as well as thresholds of deficiency and toxicity vary with age, sex, production level, activity level, species and genetic strain of the animal.
[14] They will seldom consume soiled food or contaminated water unless facing
starvation.
.^ Grain is the concentrate most often fed to goats; cereal grains such as oats, corn, barley, and wheat are high in energy (carbohydrate/fat).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Several meat-goat breeds are available in the U.S. The most widely available and the breed best suited to extensive range is the Spanish meat goat, also known as the “brush” goat.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Male slaughter goats are often castrated, since the meat can have a strong flavor in intact males more than four months old.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ We also have deer, goats, sheep and pigs.- Austin Zoo & Animal Sanctuary - Meet the Animals 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.austinzoo.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Grain should never be more than 50% of the total diet, except for heavily-producing dairy goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In case of Mo, goats will tolerate more than 300 mg Mo/kg DM in feed intake, while sheep tolerate only 30 mg/kg DM and cattle will already suffer from diarrhea at 10 mg Mo/kg DM (Falke and Anke, 1987).
Nightshade is poisonous; wilted fruit tree leaves can also kill goats.
Silage (corn stalks) is not good for goats, but haylage can be used if consumed immediately after opening.
Alfalfa is their favorite hay;
fescue is the least palatable and least nutritious.
Mold in a goat's feed can make it sick and possibly kill it.
.^ Adult meat goats should be fed a maximum of 1% of bodyweight in supplemental grain, with lactating does reaching a maximum of 1.5%.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Like other ruminant animals, goats convert plant material that is unsuitable for human consumption into high-quality animal products.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Milk digestion begins in the
abomasum, the milk having bypassed the rumen via closure of the reticular/esophageal groove during suckling.
.^ It is crucial that kids receive colostrum (the first milk, which contains antibodies to protect the kid from disease) soon after birth.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In some areas, land and feed costs will be higher, increasing the cost of production; in some areas, lack of demand for meat or kids will make marketing more difficult.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Behavior
Goats are extremely curious and intelligent. They are easily trained to pull carts and walk on leads.
.^ Dairy goat industry of the United States.
They are also known for escaping their pens.
.^ The Gedeo in Sidamo do not use goat milk, but they do not seem to like cow milk either.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats may have to be trained to electric fences by placing them in a small paddock to "test" the wire.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Once they have been trained to an electric fence, goats can usually be controlled with two strands of wire in a cross-fence.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Fences must be tight, and attention must be paid to areas with uneven terrain, as gaps can allow goats to squeeze underneath and escape.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Being very intelligent, once a weakness in the fence has been discovered, it will be exploited repeatedly. Goats are very coordinated and can climb and hold their balance in the most precarious places.
.^ Several meat-goat breeds are available in the U.S. The most widely available and the breed best suited to extensive range is the Spanish meat goat, also known as the “brush” goat.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Much work has been done recently with goats using MIG, although it is not yet widely published.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Sweet potato vines are fed as dry season supplement and leftover chat (Catha edulis) known as geraba is widely fed to semi-urban goats.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The vocalization goats make is called bleating.
.^ Reply sss says: August 14, 2009 at 5:14 am I saw this on the news; they interviewed the guy who owned the goat.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats can be picky eaters, and they may not immediately accept new feeds.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
They do so primarily with their
prehensile upper lip and tongue.
.^ Because of these extensive domestic uses 19.5% of the respondents in the pastoral areas said they never sell goat skins and many others said they seldom sell.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Life expectancy
.^ The influence of arsenic deficiency on growth, reproductiveness, life expectancy and health of goats.
[16] .^ Male goats (bucks) reach puberty earlier than females and must either be separated from them by the age of four months or be castrated to prevent unwanted breedings.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[17]
Several factors can reduce this average expectancy, however; problems during kidding can lower a doe's expected life span to 10 or 11, and stresses of going into rut can lower a buck's expected life span to 8 or 10.
[17]Goats in agriculture
.^ This goat type is more prolific than other goat types in the region and is potentially a desirable meat producer in the highlands.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Electric netting is also an option for temporary or permanent fencing in management intensive grazing systems; however, several goat producers have lost animals that tangled their horns in the netting.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Image from upper
Limarí River
.^ Meat and fiber goats are particularly useful for brush control.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Covers milk, meat, and fiber.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For the poorest families in Wolayta and Konso the goat provides the only milk to feed to children.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ To a lesser extent goat skins are needed for various home uses among the Guji people in Borena and Sidamo (carrying rugs, reinforcements to utensils etc).- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Skins: Skins of Nubian goats are used as water containers, and some are sold.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some individual goats have a higher natural immunity than others, and those are the animals that you should select.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Goat skins in Tigray are used for a multitude of purposes.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Skins: Goat skins in Tigray are used for a multitude of purposes.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Skins and other products: The horn is used as a musical instrument (zoombara) in Assosa.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Goats can be incorporated into existing grazing operations with sheep and cattle, and they can also be used to control weeds and brush to help make use of a pasture’s diversity.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Somali make water containers (karbit) and use goat skins to churn butter.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Skins: Almost all pastoral groups in South Omo use goat skins to make traditional leather garments for women.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[18]
The
Boer goat - in this case a buck - is a widely-kept meat breed.
Meat
.^ Meat and fiber goats are particularly useful for brush control.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ad describing use of Domestic machine in both family and factory settings.- Sewing Machines | Historical Trade Literature in Smithsonian Collections 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.sil.si.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ To a lesser extent goat skins are needed for various home uses among the Guji people in Borena and Sidamo (carrying rugs, reinforcements to utensils etc).- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
However, some feel that it has a similar taste to
veal or
venison, depending on the age and condition of the goat.
.^ Male slaughter goats are often castrated, since the meat can have a strong flavor in intact males more than four months old.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Because of these extensive domestic uses 19.5% of the respondents in the pastoral areas said they never sell goat skins and many others said they seldom sell.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It can be prepared in a variety of ways including
stewed,
baked,
grilled,
barbecued,
minced,
canned,
fried, curried, or made into
sausage. Due to its low fat content, the meat can toughen at high temperatures without additional moisture.
.^ The Boer goat originated in South Africa, and was imported to the United States in 1993.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We’re crossbreeding the Boer breed of meat goat, developed in South Africa, with the Spanish does to add carcass quality, but production remains the key.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Meat: Goat meat is preferred to mutton in most areas where the Long-eared Somali goat is kept.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Tennessee Meat Goats originated from the “Fainting Goat,” but have been selected for heavier muscling and larger size.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Kiko is a New Zealand breed selected for survival and growth rate.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Tennessee Woodenleg goats, also known as “Fainting Goats” and “Tennessee Stifflegs,” are myotonic – their muscles become extremely stiff when they are frightened.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Milk, butter and cheese
.^ Grain should never be more than 50% of the total diet, except for heavily-producing dairy goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Caprine Supply and Hoegger Supply Company both sell goat equipment, including veterinary supplies and equipment for disbudding and tattooing, insemination, and milking and dairy equipment, and more.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For milk-producing goats, it is necessary to consider the withdrawal period that a chemical dewormer may require (in order for the goat to be free of residues) before the milk can be sold for consumption.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Goat milk is believed to have medicinal value.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Milk: Afar goats are extensively milked (hadore hana) for food, medicine and sale.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Gedeo in Sidamo do not use goat milk, but they do not seem to like cow milk either.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Basic composition of various milks (mean values per 100g)[22]
| Constituent |
Goat |
Cow |
Human |
| Fat (g) |
3.8 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
| Protein (g) |
3.5 |
3.3 |
1.2 |
| Lactose (g) |
4.1 |
4.6 |
6.9 |
| Ash (g) |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
| Total solids (g) |
12.2 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
| Calories |
70 |
69 |
68 |
.^ Many ethnic groups – including Hispanic, Muslim, and Caribbean peoples – enjoy goat meat, called “chevon” by some and “cabrito” by others.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When kids are bottle-raised on non-pasteurized milk, the milk is usually pooled for all kids, so that one positive doe can have a disastrous effect on a goat herd’s CAE status.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[23] If the strong-smelling buck is not separated from the does, his scent will affect the milk.
.^ It discusses the five major considerations to be addressed in planning for dairy goat production: labor, sales and marketing, processing, regulations, and budgeting and economics.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Called “cabrito” or “chevon,” goat meat is considered a gourmet or health food by some, is popular in areas with certain ethnic populations, and is often processed into products such as sausage or jerky.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Value-added Dairy Options This presents considerations for those who want to increase their profitability by bottling milk, making cheese or yogurt, or doing some other processing of their milk.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Some goat producers (especially those who raise dairy goats) use artificial insemination (A.I.) for breeding.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, for dairy production, it may be more economical to separate the kids from the mothers, feed kids with a milk replacer, and sell the extra goat milk.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[24] .^ For milk-producing goats, it is necessary to consider the withdrawal period that a chemical dewormer may require (in order for the goat to be free of residues) before the milk can be sold for consumption.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, the larger udders of the dairy breeds will cause problems in brushy areas.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, for dairy production, it may be more economical to separate the kids from the mothers, feed kids with a milk replacer, and sell the extra goat milk.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[24]
.^ Reed and his wife, Randy Jane, run 100 beef cows and 500 meat goat does on their place today.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When kids are bottle-raised on non-pasteurized milk, the milk is usually pooled for all kids, so that one positive doe can have a disastrous effect on a goat herd’s CAE status.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mitchell, 1991 ) Dairy goats’ nutritional requirements during lactation are very high, and therefore more supplemental feed will be needed to maintain milk production.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It includes production information specific to dairy goats, including choosing breeds and selecting stock.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ More information on supplemental feeding of dairy goats is available in ATTRA’s Dairy Goats: Sustainable Production .- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Grain should never be more than 50% of the total diet, except for heavily-producing dairy goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The milk generally averages 3.5 percent
butterfat.
.^ Mitchell, 1991 ) Dairy goats’ nutritional requirements during lactation are very high, and therefore more supplemental feed will be needed to maintain milk production.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[25] It is also said that "formula derived from goat's milk is unsuitable for babies who are lactose intolerant as it contains levels of lactose similar to cow's-milk-based infant formulae."
[26]
.^ For milk-producing goats, it is necessary to consider the withdrawal period that a chemical dewormer may require (in order for the goat to be free of residues) before the milk can be sold for consumption.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Because they have been selected for milk production rather than carcass qualities, dairy breeds will not normally produce a meaty carcass (with the exception of Nubians).- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When breeding begins in the fall, producer Sue Drummond feeds her angora goats not only hay, grain, and salt but also vitamins (A, D, and E) and di-calcium phosphate.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[27]
Fiber
.^ When breeding begins in the fall, producer Sue Drummond feeds her angora goats not only hay, grain, and salt but also vitamins (A, D, and E) and di-calcium phosphate.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ There were no polled goats recorded.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If there are no adult worms in any goats in your herd, this infestation cannot occur.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The locks constantly grow and can be four inches or more in length.
.^ Intensively managed livestock become calmer and tamer, and handling them calmly makes them easier to work with when things such as loading, vaccinating, or other tasks need to be done.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Electric netting is also an option for temporary or permanent fencing in management intensive grazing systems; however, several goat producers have lost animals that tangled their horns in the netting.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Goats are notoriously wasteful; add on about 20 percent to allow for waste, which brings the total amount of hay needed to approximately 20,800 pounds, or 10 tons.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Most goats have softer insulating hairs nearer the skin, and longer
guard hairs on the surface. The desirable fiber for the
textile industry is the former, and it goes by several names (down, cashmere and pashmina). The coarse guard hairs are of little value as they are too coarse, difficult to spin and difficult to dye.
.^ Chapter 1 (Fundamentals of Goat Practice) is very helpful to producers as well as veterinarians.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Very good general book for producers of dairy goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In
South Asia, cashmere is called "
pashmina" (from
Persian pashmina, "fine wool"). In the 18th and early 19th century, Kashmir (then called Cashmere by the English), had a thriving industry producing shawls from goat down imported from Tibet and Tartary through Ladakh.
.^ This disease is usually introduced into a herd from a purchased animal or one returning from a show.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Since these shawls were produced in the upper
Kashmir and
Ladakh region, the wool came to be known as "cashmere".
Goat breeds
.^ Away on weed-control projects for the majority of the summer and into the fall if possible, the goats are brought back to Smoke Ridge’s 220 acres by mid-October.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Meat goats can be raised with very little supplemental grain and with minimal shelter, and are generally an easy-care animal.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some goat producers (especially those who raise dairy goats) use artificial insemination (A.I.) for breeding.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In addition, they sell many of the books available on general goat production and specialty books on dairy, meat, and fiber goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In some operations—particularly dairies—goats are raised in confinement, and all their feed is brought to them.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Breed Notes Whatever breed is chosen for the meat goat operation, strict culling will be necessary to maintain a productive and profitable herd.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, there are some 200 different breeds of goats that produce a variety of products, including milk, meat, and fiber (mohair and cashmere).- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Showing
A
Nigerian Dwarf milker in show clip. This doe is angular and dairy with a capacious and well supported mammary system.
.^ The health and productivity of the goat (as with all ruminants) depends on the rumen function; microorganisms in the rumen digest fiber and carbohydrates and protein to supply the animal with nutrients.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In parts of Sidamo and Arsi the long legs, ears and body suggest a lowland-type conformation, but at high altitudes in Bale, Arsi and Sidamo goats have a hairy coat.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In addition, they sell many of the books available on general goat production and specialty books on dairy, meat, and fiber goats.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Animals on highly-stocked pastures will usually carry a heavier parasite load, due to the increased amount of fecal matter on the pasture.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some individual goats have a higher natural immunity than others, and those are the animals that you should select.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats are usually milked before and after grazing; herdsboys may milk the animals while out grazing.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Worldwide, goat meat production is higher than meat production from cattle or hogs.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Please refer to Goats: Sustainable Production Overview for general information on pasturing goats.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Some individual goats have a higher natural immunity than others, and those are the animals that you should select.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ However, milk production is less for a doe that kids in the fall than when she kids in the spring.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For example, the teats of milking does are usually dipped in disinfectant after milking, while the teat opening is dilated, because bacteria entering the teat can cause mastitis.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Children's clubs such as
4-H also allow goats to be shown. Children's shows often include a
showmanship class, where the cleanliness and presentation of both the animal and the exhibitor as well as the handler's ability and skill in handling the goat are scored. In a showmanship class, conformation is irrelevant since this is not what is being judged.
.^ It includes production information specific to dairy goats, including choosing breeds and selecting stock.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ To a lesser extent goat skins are needed for various home uses among the Guji people in Borena and Sidamo (carrying rugs, reinforcements to utensils etc).- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The animal’s stage of production also influences body condition; for example, a doe in early lactation will almost always lose condition.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Young stock and bucks are judged by different scorecards which place more emphasis on the other three categories; general appearance, body capacity, and dairy character.
The American Goat Society (
AGS) has a similar, but not identical scorecard that is used in their shows.
.^ However, for dairy production, it may be more economical to separate the kids from the mothers, feed kids with a milk replacer, and sell the extra goat milk.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goat meat, which is 50 to 65% leaner than beef, will be either the primary product or, in the case of dairy or fiber enterprises, an important secondary one.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Dairy breeds may be crossed with Spanish goats to produce a larger kid, and the resulting cross will produce more milk.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Meat goats can be raised with very little supplemental grain and with minimal shelter, and are generally an easy-care animal.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Rare Bare Somali clan associate particular parts of the goat's body with specific parts of the human body.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The ATTRA publication Small Ruminant Resources includes a list of books, Web sites, and ATTRA publications that are useful to producers of goats and sheep.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ To prevent overgrazing, farmers should be careful to understock rather than overstock land and always remove animals from a pasture when the pasture is grazed down to about 3 to 4 inches.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The power lines were close to the ground on the top of the hill, and the goat’s horns got stuck in them, and he zipped down the power lines.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Religion, mythology, and folklore
The goat
Heiðrún consumes the foliage of the tree Læraðr, while her udders produce
mead, collected in a pot bellow (1895) by
Lorenz Frølich.
According to
Norse mythology, the god of thunder,
Thor, has a
chariot that is pulled by the goats
Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr.
.^ All Big Cats are categorized as mammals as well as carnivores, which means that they eat meat.- Austin Zoo & Animal Sanctuary - Meet the Animals 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.austinzoo.org [Source type: Academic]
^ This is a goat research program with specialists who are willing to answer questions about all types of goats—dairy, meat, mohair, and cashmere.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A dairy operation will usually have extensive barn and pen set-ups, while a large meat goat operation may use only trees in the pasture as shelter.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Then he wraps the remains up, and in the morning, the goats always come back to life to pull the chariot.
.^ Cause when he is, he satnd on his two back legs and try to show off… The farmer who owned the goat assumed he’d been trying to show off – and that was how he got his horns around the wire and slided down… Some german turist got him down after half an hour.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The goat was one of the first animals to be domesticated by humans, about 9,000 years ago.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Noxious weeds are a significant and increasing problem for cattle graziers in the Northern states, and the goats offer one solution to the ecological challenge.- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 25 January 2010 14:18 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Meat Goats: Sustainable Production 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC www.attra.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Around urban areas Nubian goats may be supplemented with crop residues and other feeds.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Social functions: Young Boran boys of the same age group may slaughter a goat to celebrate their birthdays.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A cream-coloured goat should be slaughtered and the mother made to drink the rumen contents while the child is wrapped in the skin.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It is also used about the custom of going door-to-door singing carols and getting food and drinks in return, often fruit, cakes and sweets. "Going Yule Goat" is similar to the British custom
wassailing, both with
heathen roots. The
Gävle Goat is a giant version of the Yule Goat, erected every year in the Swedish city of
Gävle.
The Greek god,
Pan, is said to have the upper body of a man and the horns and lower body of a goat. Pan was a very lustful god, nearly all of the myths involving him had to do with him chasing nymphs. He is also credited with creating the
pan flute.
.^ The goat was one of the first animals to be domesticated by humans, about 9,000 years ago.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats eat the forages, the goats’ manure replaces some purchased fertilizers, and the life cycles of various crop and animal pests are interrupted.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Some individual goats have a higher natural immunity than others, and those are the animals that you should select.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The goat was one of the first animals to be domesticated by humans, about 9,000 years ago.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
See
Goat (zodiac).
Several mythological hybrid creatures are believed to consist of parts of the goat, including the
Chimera . The
Capricorn sign in the Western
zodiac is usually depicted as a goat with a
fish's tail.
.^ The Rare Bare Somali clan associate particular parts of the goat's body with specific parts of the human body.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Rare Bare Somali clan associates particular parts of the goat's body with specific parts of the human body and uses.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The mineral
bromine is named from the Greek word "brόmos," which means "stench of he-goats."
Goats are mentioned many times in the
Bible.
.^ Pastures are considered “clean” if goats or sheep have not been grazed on them for 12 months, or if they have been hayed or rotated with row crops.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
It was also acceptable for some kinds of sacrifices. Goat-hair curtains were used in the tent that contained the tabernacle (
Exodus 25:4). On
Yom Kippur, the festival of the Day of Atonement, two goats were chosen and lots were drawn for them. One was sacrificed and the other allowed to escape into the wilderness, symbolically carrying with it the sins of the community. From this comes the word "
scapegoat". A leader or king was sometimes compared to a male goat leading the flock. In the
New Testament,
Jesus told a
parable of
The Sheep and the Goats. (
Gospel of Matthew 25)
Christianity has associated
Satan with imagery of goats (see
Pan (mythology)). A common
superstition in the
Middle Ages was that goats whispered lewd sentences in the ears of the
saints. The origin of this belief was probably the behavior of the buck in
rut, the very epitome of lust.
.^ Somehow the goat got it’s horn stuck on the wire, and the goat slided down like you would on a zip-line.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The
Black Mass, a probably-mythological "Satanic mass," was said to involve a black goat, the form in which Satan supposedly manifested himself for worship.
The goat has had a lingering connection with
Satanism and
pagan religions, even into modern times.
.^ Reply If I had a real life says: August 13, 2009 at 8:03 am Looks like a giant goat is humping the ‘M’ shaped duplex.- Mountain Goat Fail - FAIL Blog: Epic Fail Pictures and Videos of Owned, Pwnd and Fail Moments 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC failblog.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The "
Baphomet of
Mendes" refers to a satanic goat-like figure from 19th century
occultism.
Feral goats
Goats readily revert to the wild if given the opportunity.
.^ Around urban areas Nubian goats may be supplemented with crop residues and other feeds.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ CL can be picked up in bedding or by touching some other area that has been contaminated by goats with abscesses, and the infectious organism persists in the environment for several months.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Vestigial ears, which are not found in other goat types, occurred concentrated in one site, Dollo, in Borana.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Goats may shelter under large trees.- Results: description of goat types 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC agtr.ilri.cgiar.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ To consume that amount, however, goats must be pastured in an area with a large quantity of available vegetative forage.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Goats can be picky eaters, and they may not immediately accept new feeds.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Feral goats are a severe problem in Australia.
[28] .^ However, there are other organisms that may be the culprit, and treatment depends on knowing the infectious agent.- Goats: Sustainable Production Overview 30 January 2010 1:55 UTC attra.ncat.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
See also
References
- ^ a b Hirst, K. Kris. "The History of the Domestication of Goats". About.com. Accessed August 18, 2008.
- ^ Coffey, Linda, Margo Hale, and Ann Wells; "Goats: Sustainable Production Overview.
- ^ McLeod, Lianne; "Goats as Pets" at About.com.
- ^ Watkins, Calvert, et alii; The American Heritage Dictionary (1975, edited by William Morris).
- ^ Naderi et al. (November 18, 2008). "The goat domestication process inferred from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals". PNAS 105 (46): 17659–17664. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804782105.
- ^ Goat Medicine: Horns, books.google.com
- ^ "Experiments On The Function Of Slit-Form Pupils", Toronto Univ. Studies in Psychology v. 2
- ^ Frequently Asked Questions - Triple I Goats, tripleigoats.com
- ^ Feichtenberger, Klaus, Jill Clarke, Elyse Eisenberg, and Otmar Penker (Writers and Directors). (2008). Prince of the Alps. [Television Production]. ORF/Nature. Event occurs at Shortly after birth. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/prince-of-the-alps/introduction/523/. Retrieved 2009-05-05. "'The mother eats the placenta to prevent predators from getting the sent.'"
- ^ Roe III, Leonard Lee (2004). The Deer of North America. Globe Pequot. pp. 224. ISBN 9781592284658. http://books.google.com/books?id=ni6Hbqm04vIC&pg=PA244&lpg=PA244&dq=deer+eating+placenta&source=bl&ots=7mszZUL9MJ&sig=TnjcKgmY7Le4PEYCwnx4JFg4SEE&hl=en&ei=SqUASquzO5q0NbHexNsH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#PPA244,M1. "Almost all wild animals and most domestic ones eat the afterbirth as soon as they can. The primary reason, I think, is to get rid of it so that it will not attract predators. . .Canine scavengers throughout the world are attracted to herd animals when they give birth, for the placental sacs provide an easily scavenged feast."
- ^ Dairygoatjournal.com
- ^ Kumar, Dr. Davendra; S. Saha, O.H. Chaturvedi, Sushil Kumar, J.S. Mann, J.P. Mittal and V.K. Singh. "Lactation in Males". ISSGPU - Indian Society for Sheep and Goat Production and Utilization Newsletter (Avikanagar, Rajasthan: Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute) (2). http://www.issgpu.org/newsletter-2.htm#3. Retrieved 31-12-2009.
- ^ "Learning About Goats". Texas Department of Agriculture. http://www.tsgra.com/PDF-files/secogoats.pdf.
- ^ "War on Weeds," Rails to Trails Magazine, Spring 2004, p. 3
- ^ "What is the Life Expectancy of Pets?". http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-life-expectancy-of-pets.htm. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ William S. Spector, ed (1956). Handbook of Biological Data. Saunders.
- ^ a b "Teeth, Life Expectancy & How to estimate a goat's age". fiascofarm.com. 16 Match 2009. http://fiascofarm.com/goats/age.htm. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ anonymous; Goat-Horn Spoon.
- ^ Cramer, D.A. (1983) Chemical compounds implicated in lamb flavor. Food Technonogy. flavor.. 37:249-257 and Wong, E., Nixon, L.N. and Johnson, B.C. (1975) The contribution of 4-methyloctanoic (hircinoic) acid to mutton and goat meat flavor. New Zealand j. Agr. Res. 18:261-266. Both cited in K. Intarapichet K., Sihaboot W. and Chungsiriwat P. (date?) Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Emulsion Goat Meat Sausages Containing Pork Fat or Shortening available as a PDF from- [1]
- ^ FAO. 1997. 1996 Production Yearbook. Food Agr. Organ., UN. Rome, Italy.
- ^ Devendra, C., and M. Burns. 1970. Goat production in the tropics. Commonwealth Bur. Anim. Breeding and Genetics,Tech. Commun. No. 19.
- ^ Park,W.Y.,G.F.W. Haenlein.ed. 2006. Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals. Blackwell Publishing.
- ^ Ekici, K, &alii; "Isolation of Some Pathogens from Raw Milk of Different Milch [sic] Animals", Pakistan Journal of Nutrition v 3 (2004) #3, pp 161-162.
- ^ a b The World's Healthiest Foods. "Milk, goat", whfoods.org
- ^ American Dairy Goat Association, adga.org
- ^ Professor Martin Marshall - Deputy Chief Medical Officer - Department of Health (22 August 2006). "Withdrawal From Sale of Infants Milks Based on Goats' Milk on 17 September 2006". non-urgent memo. Department of Health. http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/doh/embroadcast.nsf/vwDiscussionAll/1BDFD19113CFC28C802571D20051E715. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
- ^ Chèvre cheese, foodnetwork.com
- ^ it is believed that there are over 50,000 feral goats in the Australian Outback."The feral goat (Capra hircus) - Invasive species fact sheet"., environment.gov.au
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