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Governor of California
Governor's Standard
Incumbent Arnold Schwarzenegger since November 17, 2003
Style	The Honorable
Term length	Four years, renewable once
Inaugural holder	Peter Hardeman Burnett
Formation	December 20, 1849
Website	www.gov.ca.gov/

The Governor of California is the chief executive of the California state government, whose responsibilities include making annual "State of the State" addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced. The position was created in 1849, before California became a state.

The current governor is Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Republican who was elected on October 7, 2003 to complete recalled Democratic Governor Gray Davis' term, and reelected on November 7, 2006, defeating California State Treasurer Phil Angelides of the Democratic Party. His current term will expire on January 3, 2011.

Gubernatorial powers

California

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of California

Constitution United States Constitution California Constitution Executive Government Governor: Arnold Schwarzenegger Lieutenant Governor: John Garamendi Attorney General: Jerry Brown Secretary of State: Debra Bowen State Treasurer: Bill Lockyer State Controller: John Chiang Insurance Commissioner: Steve Poizner Legislature Legislature Senate President pro Tempore: Darrell Steinberg Majority Leader: Dean Florez Minority Leader: Dennis Hollingsworth Assembly Speaker: Karen Bass Majority Leader: Alberto Torrico Minority Leader: Sam Blakeslee Judiciary Court System Supreme Court District Courts Court of Appeals Specialty Courts Elections Elections Political parties Democratic Party Republican Party Green Party Libertarian Party American Independent Party Peace and Freedom Party National minor parties Political party strength Divisions Counties Cities and Towns Federal relations Federal representation United States Senate Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) House of Representatives 1: Mike Thompson (D) 2: Wally Herger (R) 3: Dan Lungren (R) 4: John Doolittle (R) 5: Doris Matsui (D) 6: Lynn Woolsey (D) 7: George Miller (D) 8: Nancy Pelosi (D) 9: Barbara Lee (D) 10: Ellen Tauscher (D) 11: Jerry McNerney (D) 12: Tom Lantos (D) 13: Pete Stark (D) 14: Anna Eshoo (D) 15: Mike Honda (D) 16: Zoe Lofgren (D) 17: Sam Farr (D) 18: Dennis Cardoza (D) 19: George Radanovich (R) 20: Jim Costa (D) 21: Devin Nunes (R) 22: Kevin McCarthy (R) 23: Lois Capps (D) 24: Elton Gallegly (R) 25: Howard McKeon (R) 26: David Dreier (R) 27: Brad Sherman (D) 28: Howard Berman (D) 29: Adam Schiff (D) 30: Henry Waxman (D) 31: Xavier Becerra (D) 32: Hilda Solis (D) 33: Diane Watson (D) 34: Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) 35: Maxine Waters (D) 36: Jane Harman (D) 37: Laura Richardson (D) 38: Grace Napolitano (D) 39: Linda Sánchez (D) 40: Ed Royce (R) 41: Jerry Lewis (R) 42: Gary Miller (R) 43: Joe Baca (D) 44: Ken Calvert (R) 45: Mary Bono (R) 46: Dana Rohrabacher (R) 47: Loretta Sanchez (D) 48: John Campbell (R) 49: Darrell Issa (R) 50: Brian Bilbray (R) 51: Bob Filner (D) 52: Duncan Hunter (R) 53: Susan Davis (D) Politics of the United States

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• The Executive Budget - The governor has the final responsibility for preparing and submitting to the legislature an annual budget containing most of anticipated state income and expenditures. The final budget requires a two-thirds approval of the legislature.

• The Veto - The governor has the option to veto a bill within 12 days after being received from the California State Legislature. The Legislature can override a veto by a two-thirds majority vote in both the Assembly and the Senate. The governor may exercise a line-item veto, rejecting individual items in any appropriations bill.

• Recommending Legislation - The governor may not formally introduce legislation, however many proposals for legislative action emanate from the governor's office. The political influence of the governor dictates the probability of success or failure of the governor's agenda.

• Calling Special Sessions - The governor may convene the legislature "on extra ordinary occasions" to consider only subjects specified in the governor's proclamation. In practice, this power is used frequently, usually in concert with normal sessions. The purpose is to force the legislature to address the governor's legislative program.

• Appointing State Officers - Although several of the positions of the executive branch of California are directly elected, the governor appoints most of the top administrative officers to the various departments and boards that govern California. Additionally, unexpired terms of certain elected officials, including U.S. senators, state executive officers and judges of the state court.

• Power as Political Leader - The governor by virtue of the office becomes the de facto leader of his or her party. Furthermore, because of California's immense size, the governor is often spoken of as a potential presidential candidate.

• Commander in Chief of the State Militia - The governor may activate the California State Militia at any time to complement local law enforcement. While this may be done at the governors discretion, it most often comes by request of a local law official. The California National Guard may also be called upon, subject to Presidential approval.

• Executive Clemency - Except for convictions during impeachment, the governor may grant pardons, reprieves and commutations of sentences to individuals convicted of any felony.

• Role in Higher Education - The governor also has full membership and voting powers to the Regents of the University of California, the governing board of the University of California system, along with other elected officials. A majority of members on the Regents of the University of California are appointed by the governor. Similarly, the governor has full membership and voting rights on the Board of Trustees of the California State University, and appoints a majority of its members. The governor also appoints all of the members of the Board of Governors of the California Community College System.

Gubernatorial elections and term of office

Governors are elected by popular ballot and serve terms of four years, with a term limit of two terms, if served after November 6, 1990. ^[1] Governors take office on the first Monday after January 1 after their election.

Gubernatorial removal

There are two methods available to remove a governor before the expiration of the gubernatorial term of office.

Impeachment and removal by the legislature

The governor can be impeached for "misconduct in office" by the State Assembly and removed by a two-thirds vote of the State Senate.

Recall by the voters

Petitions signed by California voters equal in number to 12% of the last vote for the office of governor (with signatures from each of 5 counties equal in number to 1% of the last vote for governor in the county) can launch a gubernatorial recall election. The voters can then vote on whether or not to recall the incumbent governor, and on the same ballot, they can vote a potential replacement. If a majority of the voters in the election vote to recall the governor, then the person who gains a plurality of the votes in the replacement race will become governor.

The 2003 California recall began with a petition drive that successfully forced sitting Democratic Governor Gray Davis into a special recall election. It marked the first time in California's history that a governor faced a recall election. He was subsequently voted out of office, becoming just the second governor in U.S. history to be recalled. He was replaced by Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Relationship with Lieutenant Governor of California

Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (left) and Former Governor Gray Davis (right) with then President George W. Bush in 2003

The Lieutenant Governor of California is elected at the same election, but not jointly as the running mate of the gubernatorial candidate. California has had a governor and a lieutenant governor of different parties 23 of the past 28 years (as of 2006), as has been the case since 2003 with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (Republican) and just recently with the Lieutenant Governorship held by John Garamendi (Democrat) who resigned to become a US Congressman. with Governor Pete Wilson (Republican) and Lieutenant Governor Gray Davis (Democrat), from 1983-1991 with Governor George Deukmejian (Republican) and Lieutenant Governor Leo T. McCarthy (Democrat), and from 1979-1983 with Governor Jerry Brown (Democrat) and Lieutenant Governor Mike Curb (Republican). This occasionally becomes significant, as the California Constitution provides that all the powers of the governor fall to the lieutenant governor whenever the governor is not in the State of California, with the lieutenant governor often signing or vetoing legislation, or making political appointments, whenever the governor leaves the state. The lieutenant governor is also the president of the California State Senate. In practice, there is a gentlemen's agreement for the Lieutenant Governor not to perform more than perfunctory duties while the Governor is away from the state. This agreement was violated when Mike Curb was in office, as he signed several executive orders at odds with the Brown administration when Brown was out of the state. Court rulings have upheld the lieutenant governor's right to perform the duties and assume all of the prerogatives of governor while the governor is out of the state.

Gubernatorial facts

Age and longevity

Hiram Johnson
23rd Governor
(1911-1917)

• Between the births of John Bigler in 1805 and Arnold Schwarzenegger in 1947, California Governors have been born in every decade except the 1880s.
• Between the deaths of John McDougall in 1866 and Ronald Reagan in 2004, Governors have died in every decade except two: the 1910s and the 1980s.
• Peter Burnett had the longest post-governorship, 44 years. He left office in 1851 and died in 1895.
• Excluding Governors who died in office, Robert Waterman had the shortest post-governorship. He died on April 12, 1881, a mere 3 months and 4 days after the expiration of his term.
• Sworn in at the age of 30, J. Neely Johnson was the youngest Governor.
• Sworn in at the age of 69, Frank Merriam was the oldest Governor.
• Earl Warren was the only Governor to serve more than 8 years in office (1943–1953)
• Milton Latham served the shortest term in office of 5 days (January 9–January 14, 1860)
• Of the 38 men to hold the office of Governor, only seven were actually born in California:
  • Romualdo Pacheco, in Santa Barbara
  • George Pardee, James Rolph, Pat Brown and Jerry Brown, all in San Francisco
  • Hiram Johnson, in Sacramento
  • Earl Warren, in Los Angeles
• Two Governors were born in foreign countries:
  • John G. Downey in Ireland
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger in Austria
• Two Governors have died in office:
  • Washington Bartlett in 1887
  • James Rolph in 1934
• Ronald Reagan had the longest life-span of any Californian governor, 93 years.
• J. Neely Johnson had the shortest life-span of any Californian governor, 47 years.
• Both governors who died in office, Washington Bartlett in 1887 and James Rolph in 1934, were the Mayor of San Francisco immediately before becoming governor.

Transition events

Milton Latham
6th Governor
(1860)

• Five Governors have resigned:
  • Peter Burnett in 1851 "as a result of certain personal prejudices" in favor of slavery [1]
  • Milton Latham in 1860 to become a United States Senator
  • Newton Booth in 1875 to become a United States Senator
  • Hiram Johnson in 1917 to become a United States Senator
  • Earl Warren in 1953 to become Chief Justice of the United States
• One Governor has been recalled:
  • Gray Davis in 2003
• Seven Governors took office without being elected to the Governor's seat, having been elected as Lieutenant Governor and then ascending from that position:
  • Four of them did not run to succeed themselves, and were never elected Governor:
    • John McDougall in 1851
    • John G. Downey in 1860
    • Romualdo Pacheco in 1875
    • Robert Waterman in 1887
  • The other three later ran for Governor, and were elected to succeed themselves as Governor:
    • William Stephens in 1917
    • Frank Merriam in 1934
    • Goodwin Knight in 1953

Presidential campaigns

Ronald Reagan
33rd Governor
(1967–1975)
40th President of the United States
(1981–1989)

• One Governor of California won his party's nomination and was elected President of the United States:
  • Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984, (Republican, 1981-1989)

• These actively sought the nomination of their party, but were unsuccessful:
  • Hiram Johnson in 1920 and 1924 (Republican)
  • Pat Brown in 1960 (Democratic)
  • Jerry Brown in 1976, 1980, 1992 (Democratic)
  • Ronald Reagan in 1968 and 1976 (Republican)
  • Pete Wilson in 1996 (Republican)

• These Governors were nominated for Vice President, but their ticket lost the election:
  • Hiram Johnson (Ran with Theodore Roosevelt, Progressive, 1912)
  • Earl Warren (Ran with Thomas Dewey, Republican, 1948)

• These Governors did not run for president, but were under serious consideration by their party's nominee during their governorship to be their running mate for the office of Vice President, but were not chosen:
  • George Deukmejian (George H.W. Bush, Republican, 1988)
  • Gray Davis (Al Gore, Democratic, 2000)

• One unsuccessful candidate for Governor of California was elected President of the United States:
  • Former Vice President Richard Nixon was the Republican nominee for Governor of California in 1962, and lost to Democrat Pat Brown. Nixon later was elected president in 1968 and reelected in 1972. (Republican, 1969-1974).

See also

California portal

• List of pre-statehood governors of California
• List of Governors of California
• List of California Governors by time in office
• Politics of California to 1899

References

External links

• Official site of Governor's office
• Official California Secretary of State Election and Voter Information site

Governors of California Before statehood de Portolà · Fages · Rivera · de Neve · Fages · Roméu · Arrillaga · Borica · Alberní · Arrillaga · J. Argüello · Solá · L. Argüello · Echeandía · Victoria · P. Pico · Zamorano / Echeandía · Figueroa · Castro · Gutierrez · Chico · Gutierrez · Alvarado · Carrillo · Alvarado · Micheltorena · P. Pico · Flores · A. Pico · Ide · Sloat · Stockton · Frémont · Kearny · Mason · Smith · Riley Statehood Burnett · McDougall · Bigler · J. Johnson · Weller · Latham · Downey · Stanford · Low · Haight · Booth · Pacheco · Irwin · Perkins · Stoneman · Bartlett · Waterman · Markham · Budd · Gage · Pardee · Gillett · H. Johnson · Stephens · Richardson · Young · Rolph · Merriam · Olson · Warren · Knight · P. Brown · Reagan · J. Brown · Deukmejian · Wilson · Davis · Schwarzenegger