Governor of New York: Wikis

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Governor of New York
Governor's Standard
Incumbent David Paterson since March 17, 2008
Style	The Honorable
Residence	New York State Executive Mansion
Term length	Four years, no term limit
Inaugural holder	George Clinton 1777
Formation	New York State Constitution
Website	[1]

The Governor of New York is the head of the executive branch of New York's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.^[A] The current governor is David Paterson, who became governor on March 17, 2008 upon the resignation of Eliot Spitzer.

Certificate of Election of John Jay as Governor of New York (June 6, 1795)

The office of governor was established by the first New York State Constitution in 1777. The governor was originally for a term of three years^[B], though the constitution did not specify when the term began. A 1787 law set the start of the term at July 1.^[C]. The New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 amended the state constitution, reducing the term of office to two years,^[D] moving the election to November,^[E], and moving the beginning and the end of the term to coincide with the calendar year.^[F] An 1874 amendment extended the term of office back to three years,^[G], but the 1894 constitution again reduced it to two years.^[H]. The most recent constitution of 1938 extended the term to the current four years.^[I] There is no limit to the amount of consecutive terms a governor may serve.

The state constitution has provided since 1777 for the election of a lieutenant governor, who also acts as president of the state senate, to the same term (keeping the same term lengths as the governor throughout all the constitutional revisions).^[J] Originally, in the event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, the lieutenant governor would become acting governor until the end of the yearly legislative term, the office being filled in a special election, if there was a remainder of the term.^[J] Since the 1821 constitution, the lieutenant governor explicitly becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office and serves for the entire remainder of the term.^[K] Should the office of lieutenant governor become vacant, the president pro tempore of the state senate^[1] performs all the duties of the lieutenant governor until the vacancy is filled either at the next gubernatorial election or by appointment.^[2] Likewise, should both offices become vacant at the same time, the president pro tempore acts as governor, with the office of lieutenant governor remaining vacant. Should the presidency pro tempore be vacant too, or the incumbent unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession.^[L] The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor, since 1954 with a single joint vote cast for both offices, but is nominated separately.^[M]

Fifty-five individuals have served as governor, four of whom served non-consecutive terms, totaling 59 distinct terms; the official numbering only lists each governor once, so there have officially been fifty-five governors. This numbering includes one acting governor: the lieutenant governor who filled the vacancy after the resignation of the governor, under the 1777 State Constitution.^[N] The list does not include people who have acted as governor when the governor was out of state, such as Lt. Gov. Timothy L. Woodruff during Theodore Roosevelt's vice presidential campaign in 1900, or Acting Speaker of the New York State Assembly Moses M. Weinstein, who acted as governor for ten days in 1968 while the governor, the lieutenant governor, and the senate majority leader were out of the state, attending the Republican National Convention in Miami, Florida.^[O]

Number of Governors of New York by party affiliation^[3]
Party	Governors
Democratic	25
Republican	18
Democratic-Republican	9
Whig	5
Federalist	1

The longest-serving governor was the first, George Clinton, who first took office on July 30, 1777, and served seven terms in two different periods, totaling just under 21 years in office. Charles Poletti had the shortest term, serving 29 days following the resignation of the previous governor in 1942.

Four men have become President of the United States after serving as Governor of New York: Martin Van Buren, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

1 Governors
- 1.1 Notes
2 Other high offices held
3 Living former governors
4 See also
5 References

Governors

George Clinton, first Governor of New York, and 4th Vice President of the United States

John Jay, 2nd Governor of New York, and first Chief Justice of the United States

Martin Van Buren, 9th Governor of New York, and 8th President of the United States

William H. Seward, 12th Governor of New York, and 24th U.S. Secretary of State

Samuel J. Tilden, 25th Governor of New York

Grover Cleveland, 28th Governor of New York, and 22nd and 24th President of the United States

Theodore Roosevelt, 33rd Governor of New York, and 26th President of the United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 44th Governor of New York, and 32nd President of the United States

Thomas E. Dewey, 47th Governor of New York

Nelson Rockefeller, 49th Governor of New York, and 41st Vice President of the United States

New York was one of the original thirteen colonies, and was admitted as a state on July 26, 1788. Prior to declaring its independence, New York was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain, which it in turn obtained from the Dutch as the colony of New Netherland; see the lists of colonial governors and of directors-general of New Netherland for the pre-statehood period.

Democratic-Republican Federalist Democratic Whig Republican

#	Name	Took office	Left office	Party	Lt. Governor	Terms^[4]
1	George Clinton	July 30, 1777	July 1, 1795	Democratic-Republican	Pierre Van Cortlandt	6^[5]^[6]
2	John Jay	July 1, 1795	July 1, 1801	Federalist	Stephen Van Rensselaer III	2
1	George Clinton	July 1, 1801	July 1, 1804	Democratic-Republican	Jeremiah Van Rensselaer	1
3	Morgan Lewis	July 1, 1804	July 1, 1807	Democratic-Republican	John Broome	1
4	Daniel D. Tompkins	July 1, 1807	February 24, 1817	Democratic-Republican	John Broome	3½^[7]
					John Tayler (Acting)
					DeWitt Clinton
					John Tayler
5	John Tayler (Acting)^[8]	February 24, 1817	July 1, 1817	Democratic-Republican	Philetus Swift (Acting)	½^[9]
6	DeWitt Clinton	July 1, 1817	December 31, 1822	Democratic-Republican	John Tayler	2^[10]
7	Joseph C. Yates	January 1, 1823	December 31, 1824	Democratic-Republican	Erastus Root	1^[11]
6	DeWitt Clinton	January 1, 1825	February 11, 1828	Clinton Republican	James Tallmadge, Jr.	1½^[12]
6	DeWitt Clinton	January 1, 1825	February 11, 1828	Clinton Republican	Nathaniel Pitcher	1½^[12]
8	Nathaniel Pitcher	February 11, 1828	December 31, 1828	Democratic-Republican	Peter R. Livingston (Acting)	½^[13]
8	Nathaniel Pitcher	February 11, 1828	December 31, 1828	Democratic-Republican	Charles Dayan (Acting)	½^[13]
9	Martin Van Buren	January 1, 1829	March 5, 1829	Jacksonian Democratic	Enos T. Throop	½^[14]
10	Enos T. Throop	March 5, 1829	December 31, 1832	Jacksonian Democratic	Charles Stebbins (Acting)	1½^[15]
					William M. Oliver (Acting)
					Edward Philip Livingston
11	William L. Marcy	January 1, 1833	December 31, 1838	Democratic	John Tracy	3
12	William H. Seward	January 1, 1839	December 31, 1842	Whig	Luther Bradish	2
13	William C. Bouck	January 1, 1843	December 31, 1844	Democratic	Daniel S. Dickinson	1
14	Silas Wright	January 1, 1845	December 31, 1846	Democratic	Addison Gardiner	1
15	John Young	January 1, 1847	December 31, 1848	Whig	Addison Gardiner	1
					Albert Lester (Acting)
					Hamilton Fish
16	Hamilton Fish	January 1, 1849	December 31, 1850	Whig	George Washington Patterson	1
17	Washington Hunt	January 1, 1851	December 31, 1852	Whig	Sanford E. Church	1
18	Horatio Seymour	January 1, 1853	December 31, 1854	Democratic	Sanford E. Church	1
19	Myron H. Clark	January 1, 1855	December 31, 1856	Whig (fusion)	Henry Jarvis Raymond	1
20	John Alsop King	January 1, 1857	December 31, 1858	Republican	Henry R. Selden	1
21	Edwin D. Morgan	January 1, 1859	December 31, 1862	Republican	Robert Campbell	2
18	Horatio Seymour	January 1, 1863	December 31, 1864	Democratic	David R. Floyd-Jones	1
22	Reuben Fenton	January 1, 1865	December 31, 1868	Union	Thomas G. Alvord	2
22	Reuben Fenton	January 1, 1865	December 31, 1868	Union	Stewart L. Woodford	2
23	John Thompson Hoffman	January 1, 1869	December 31, 1872	Democratic	Allen C. Beach	2
24	John Adams Dix	January 1, 1873	December 31, 1874	Republican	John C. Robinson	1
25	Samuel J. Tilden	January 1, 1875	December 31, 1876	Democratic	William Dorsheimer	1
26	Lucius Robinson	January 1, 1877	December 31, 1879	Democratic	William Dorsheimer	1^[16]
27	Alonzo B. Cornell	January 1, 1880	December 31, 1882	Republican	George Gilbert Hoskins	1
28	Grover Cleveland	January 1, 1883	January 6, 1885	Democratic	David B. Hill	½^[17]
29	David B. Hill	January 6, 1885	December 31, 1891	Democratic	Dennis McCarthy (Acting)	2½^[15]
29	David B. Hill	January 6, 1885	December 31, 1891	Democratic	Edward F. Jones	2½^[15]
30	Roswell P. Flower	January 1, 1892	December 31, 1894	Democratic	William F. Sheehan	1
31	Levi P. Morton	January 1, 1895	December 31, 1896	Republican	Charles T. Saxton	1^[18]
32	Frank S. Black	January 1, 1897	December 31, 1898	Republican	Timothy L. Woodruff	1
33	Theodore Roosevelt	January 1, 1899	December 31, 1900	Republican	Timothy L. Woodruff	1
34	Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr.	January 1, 1901	December 31, 1904	Republican	Timothy L. Woodruff	2
34	Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr.	January 1, 1901	December 31, 1904	Republican	Frank W. Higgins	2
35	Frank W. Higgins	January 1, 1905	December 31, 1906	Republican	M. Linn Bruce	1
35	Frank W. Higgins	January 1, 1905	December 31, 1906	Republican	John Raines (Acting)	1
36	Charles Evans Hughes	January 1, 1907	October 6, 1910	Republican	Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler	1½^[19]
36	Charles Evans Hughes	January 1, 1907	October 6, 1910	Republican	Horace White	1½^[19]
37	Horace White	October 6, 1910	December 31, 1910	Republican	George H. Cobb (Acting)	½^[13]
38	John Alden Dix	January 1, 1911	December 31, 1912	Democratic	Thomas F. Conway	1
39	William Sulzer	January 1, 1913	October 17, 1913	Democratic	Martin H. Glynn	½^[20]
40	Martin H. Glynn	October 17, 1913	December 31, 1914	Democratic	Robert F. Wagner (Acting)	½^[13]
41	Charles S. Whitman	January 1, 1915	December 31, 1918	Republican	Edward Schoeneck	2
42	Al Smith	January 1, 1919	December 31, 1920	Democratic	Harry C. Walker	1
43	Nathan Lewis Miller	January 1, 1921	December 31, 1922	Republican	Jeremiah Wood	1
43	Nathan Lewis Miller	January 1, 1921	December 31, 1922	Republican	Clayton R. Lusk (Acting)	1
42	Al Smith	January 1, 1923	December 31, 1928	Democratic	George R. Lunn	3
					Seymour Lowman
					Edwin Corning
44	Franklin D. Roosevelt	January 1, 1929	December 31, 1932	Democratic	Herbert H. Lehman	2
45	Herbert H. Lehman	January 1, 1933	December 3, 1942	Democratic	M. William Bray	3½^[21]^[22]
45	Herbert H. Lehman	January 1, 1933	December 3, 1942	Democratic	Charles Poletti	3½^[21]^[22]
46	Charles Poletti	December 3, 1942	December 31, 1942	Democratic	Joe R. Hanley (Acting)	½^[13]
47	Thomas Dewey	January 1, 1943	December 31, 1954	Republican	Thomas W. Wallace	3
					Joe R. Hanley
					Frank C. Moore
					Arthur H. Wicks (Acting)
					Walter J. Mahoney (Acting)
48	W. Averell Harriman	January 1, 1955	December 31, 1958	Democratic	George DeLuca	1
49	Nelson Rockefeller	January 1, 1959	December 18, 1973	Republican	Malcolm Wilson	3½^[23]
50	Malcolm Wilson	December 18, 1973	December 31, 1974	Republican	Warren M. Anderson (Acting)	½^[13]
51	Hugh Carey	January 1, 1975	December 31, 1982	Democratic	Mary Anne Krupsak	2
51	Hugh Carey	January 1, 1975	December 31, 1982	Democratic	Mario Cuomo	2
52	Mario Cuomo	January 1, 1983	December 31, 1994	Democratic	Alfred DelBello	3
					Warren M. Anderson (Acting)
					Stan Lundine
53	George Pataki	January 1, 1995	December 31, 2006	Republican	Betsy McCaughey Ross	3
53	George Pataki	January 1, 1995	December 31, 2006	Republican	Mary O. Donohue	3
54	Eliot Spitzer	January 1, 2007	March 17, 2008	Democratic	David Paterson	½^[24]
55	David Paterson	March 17, 2008	Incumbent	Democratic	Joseph Bruno (Acting)	½^[13]^[25]
					Dean Skelos (Acting)
					Malcolm Smith (Acting)
					Pedro Espada (Acting)^[26]
					Richard Ravitch (Contested)^[27]
					Malcolm Smith (Acting)^[28]
					Richard Ravitch^[29]

Notes

^ The state constitutions refer to this position as the "temporary president of the senate"
^ On September 22, 2009, the New York Court of Appeals upheld the right of the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor to fill the vacancy.
^ 55 people have served as governor, four twice; the table includes these non-consecutive terms as well.
^ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
^ There was no codified start for terms when Clinton took office; the date was set at July 1 in 1787, starting presumably in 1789.
^ Many sources state the early governors took office on April 1; however, the elections were held lasting three days during the last week of April, with the oath of office being delivered on July 1.^[P]
^ Resigned to be Vice President of the United States.
^ Under the Constitution of 1777, Tayler was Acting Governor until the end of the legislative year.
^ As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.
^ The length and dates of terms were changed in 1821, during DeWitt Clinton's second term, which then ended on December 31, 1822 instead of July 1, 1823.
^ As per the 1821 constitution, Yates' term was the first to last two years instead of three.
^ Died in office.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
^ Resigned to be United States Secretary of State.
^ ^a ^b As lieutenant governor, became governor for unexpired term, and was later elected in their own right.
^ As per an 1874 amendment to the constitution (taking effect January 1, 1875), Robinson's term was the first to last three years instead of two. As Tilden had been elected prior to the amendment taking effect, he served the old two-year term.^[Q]
^ Resigned to be President of the United States.
^ As per the 1894 constitution, Morton's term was the first to last two years instead of three.
^ Resigned to take seat as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
^ Impeached and removed from office for campaign contribution fraud.
^ As per the 1938 constitution, Lehman's fourth term, commencing January 1, 1939, was the first scheduled to last four years instead of two.
^ Resigned to be Director of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations at the U.S. Department of State.
^ Resigned to devote himself to his Commission on Critical Choices for Americans.
^ Resigned due to a prostitution scandal.
^ Governor Paterson's first term expires on December 31, 2010; he is not term limited.
^ Espada is a Democrat, but combined with the Republicans a change of leadership which triggered the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis.
^ Ravitch was appointed on July 8, 2009, but the appointment was contested in the courts. On August 20, the Appellate Division rejected the appointment, and Ravitch de facto vacated the office.
^ Smith succeeded Espada on July 9 as Temporary President of the New York State Senate, and claimed to be Acting Lt. Gov. under the provisions of the New York State Constitution while the appointment of Ravitch was contested. Smith was de facto the sole occupant of the office from August 20 to September 22.
^ On September 22, the New York Court of Appeals reversed the Appellate Division's ruling, and thus re-instated Ravitch to the lieutenant governorship, beginning de jure on July 8.

Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional and other federal offices, and ranking diplomatic positions to foreign countries held by New York governors.^[R] All representatives and senators mentioned represented New York. * denotes offices which to take the governor resigned the governorship. † denotes offices from which the governor-elect resigned to take office as governor.

Name	Gubernatorial term	U.S. Congress		Other offices held
Name	Gubernatorial term	House	Senate	Other offices held
George Clinton	1777–1795, 1801–1804			Delegate to the Continental Congress, Vice President of the United States
John Jay	1795–1801			President of the Continental Congress, U.S. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Minister to Spain, Chief Justice of the United States†^[S]
Daniel D. Tompkins	1807–1817	H		Vice President of the United States*
DeWitt Clinton	1817–1822, 1825–1828		S
Nathaniel Pitcher	1828	H
Martin Van Buren	1829		S†^[T]	U.S. Secretary of State*, Minister to the United Kingdom, Vice President of the United States, President of the United States
Enos T. Throop	1829–1832	H
William L. Marcy	1833–1838		S†^[U]	U.S. Secretary of War, U.S. Secretary of State
William H. Seward	1839–1842		S	U.S. Secretary of State
Silas Wright	1845–1845	H	S†^[V]
John Young	1847–1848	H
Hamilton Fish	1849–1850	H	S	U.S. Secretary of State
Washington Hunt	1851–1852	H
John Alsop King	1857–1858	H
Edwin D. Morgan	1859–1862		S
Reuben Fenton	1865–1868	H†^[W]	S
John Adams Dix	1873–1874		S	Minister to France, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
Grover Cleveland	1883–1884			President of the United States*
David B. Hill	1885–1891		S
Roswell P. Flower	1892–1894	H
Levi P. Morton	1895–1896	H		Minister to France, Vice President of the United States
Frank S. Black	1897–1898	H†^[X]
Theodore Roosevelt	1899–1900			Vice President of the United States, President of the United States
Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.	1901–1904	H
Charles Evans Hughes	1907–1910			U.S. Secretary of State, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court*, Chief Justice of the United States.
William Sulzer	1913	H†^[Y]
Martin H. Glynn	1913–1914	H
Franklin D. Roosevelt	1929–1932			President of the United States
Herbert H. Lehman	1933–1942		S
W. Averell Harriman	1955–1958			U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ambassador to the Soviet Union
Nelson Rockefeller	1959–1973			Vice President of the United States
Hugh Carey	1975–1982	H†^[Z]

Living former governors

As of December 2009, four former governors were alive, the oldest being Hugh Carey (1975–1982, born 1919). The most recent governor to die was Charles Poletti (1942), on August 8, 2002. The most recently-serving governor to die was Malcolm Wilson (1973–1974), on March 13, 2000.

Name	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth
Hugh Carey	1975–1982	April 11, 1919 (1919-04-11) (age 90)
Mario Cuomo	1983–1994	June 15, 1932 (1932-06-15) (age 77)
George Pataki	1995–2006	June 24, 1945 (1945-06-24) (age 64)
Eliot Spitzer	2007–2008	June 10, 1959 (1959-06-10) (age 50)

References

General

"Governors of New York". State of New York. http://www.ny.gov/governor/nygovs/index.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
"Governors Database: New York". National Governors Association. National Governors Association. 2008. http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=NY. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
Jenkins, John Stilwell (1851). Lives of the Governors of the State of New York. Auburn N.Y.: Derby and Miller. p. 862. http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ANW1479.

Specific

[A] ^ "Constitution of the State of New York, Article IV, Sections 3, 4, and 7". http://www.senate.state.ny.us/lbdcinfo/senconstitution.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[B] ^ "1777 Constitution of New York, Section XVII". http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/constitutions/1777_constitution.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[C] ^ "Governors of New York". New York Department of State. http://www.dos.state.ny.us/kidsroom/nysfacts/nysgovs.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[D] ^ "1821 Constitution of New York, Article III, Section 1". http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/constitutions/1821_constitution.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[E] ^ "1821 Constitution of New York, Article I, Section 15". http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/constitutions/1821_constitution.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[F] ^ "1821 Constitution of New York, Article I, Section 16". http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/constitutions/1821_constitution.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[G] ^ John Joseph Lalor, ed (1883). "New York". Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States. II. Chicago: Melbert B. Cary & Company. p. 1017. http://books.google.com/books?id=Xsk6AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA1017. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[H] ^ "1894 Constitution of New York, Article IV, Section 1". http://www.nycourts.gov/history/constitutions/1894_constitution.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[I] ^ "Constitution of the State of New York, Article IV, Section 1". http://www.senate.state.ny.us/lbdcinfo/senconstitution.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[J] ¹ ² "1777 Constitution of New York, Section XX". http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/constitutions/1777_constitution.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[K] ^ "Constitution of the State of New York, Article IV, Section 5". http://www.senate.state.ny.us/lbdcinfo/senconstitution.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28. "... the lieutenant-governor shall become governor for the remainder of the term." All previous constitutions used the term "devolve" rather than "become", e.g. from the 1894 constitution, "... the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the Lieutenant-Governor for the residue of the term, or until the disability shall cease."
[L] ^ "Constitution of the State of New York, Article IV, Section 6". http://www.senate.state.ny.us/lbdcinfo/senconstitution.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[M] ^ "Executive Branch of the Several States". http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/executive.phtml. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[N] ^ "Governors of New York". State of New York. http://www.ny.gov/governor/nygovs/index.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[O] ^ McFadden, Robert D. (December 3, 2007). "Moses Weinstein, 95, Legislator and Judge, Dies". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/03/nyregion/03weinstein.html?_r=1. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
[P] ^ Jenkins, John S. (1851). Lives of the Governors of the State of New York. Auburn: Derby and Miller. p. 121. http://books.google.com/books?id=ZAxaNZ4i8BsC&printsec=titlepage#PPA121,M1. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[Q] ^ Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906). The Constitutional History of New York. II. Rochester, New York: The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company. p. 512. http://books.google.com/books?id=cX84AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:04z6xtPOBaTQ1d1c-6SMRL#PPA512,M1.
[R] ^ "Governors Database: New York". National Governors Association. National Governors Association. 2008. http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=NY. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[S] ^ "John Jay". The Supreme Court Historical Society. http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_chiefs/001.html. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[T] ^ "VAN BUREN, Martin". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000009. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[U] ^ "MARCY, William Learned". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000127. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[V] ^ "WRIGHT, Silas, Jr.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000770. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[W] ^ "FENTON, Reuben Eaton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000077. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[X] ^ "BLACK, Frank Swett". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000496. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[Y] ^ "SULZER, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S001065. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
[Z] ^ "CAREY, Hugh Leo". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000143. Retrieved 2008-03-28.

Lists of chief executives of the United States

President	President of the United States

State governors	Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

Territorial executives	American Samoa · District of Columbia · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States Virgin Islands

Defunct	Pre-state territories · Panama Canal Zone · Philippine Commonwealth · Philippine Islands · Cuba · Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

Officers in the State of New York

Current offices	Governor • Lieutenant Governor • Speaker of the Assembly • Temporary President of the Senate • Secretary of State • Attorney General • State Comptroller • Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals • Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals • Clerk of the Court of Appeals

Defunct offices	State Treasurer • State Engineer • Superintendent of Public Works • Chancellor • Canal Commissioner • Inspector of State Prisons

Categories: Lists of United States governors | Governors of New York

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