| Granada | |||
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| — City — | |||
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![]() Granada
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| Coordinates: 37°10′41″N 003°36′03″W / 37.17806°N 3.60083°WCoordinates: 37°10′41″N 003°36′03″W / 37.17806°N 3.60083°W | |||
| Country | |||
| Autonomous Community | Andalusia | ||
| Province | Granada | ||
| Comarca | Vega de Granada | ||
| Founded | |||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | José Torres Hurtado (PP) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 88 km2 (34 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation (AMSL) | 738 m (2,421 ft) | ||
| Population (2007) | |||
| - Total | 237,929 | ||
| - Density | 2,703.7/km2 (7,002.7/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 18000 | ||
| Area code(s) | +34 (Spain) + (Granada) | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
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The city of Granada is placed at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, Beiro, Darro and Genil, at an elevation of 738 metres above sea level yet only one hour from the Mediterrean coast, the Costa Tropical. At the 2005 census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 236,982, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 472,638, ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of Spain. About 3.3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship, the largest number of these (31%) coming from South America. Its nearest airport is Federico García Lorca Airport.
The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel and palace, is in Granada. It is one of the most famous items of the Islamic historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot among cultural and tourist cities in Spain. The Almohad urbanism with some fine examples of Moorish and Morisco constructions is preserved at the part of the city called the Albaicín.
Granada is also well-known within Spain due to the prestigious University of Granada and, nowadays, vibrant night-life. In fact, it is said that it is one of the three best cities for university students (the other two are Salamanca and Santiago de Compostela).[citation needed]
The pomegranate (in Spanish, 'granada') is the heraldic device of Granada.
The city has been inhabited from the dawn of history[citation needed]. There was an Ibero-Celtic settlement here, which made contact in turn with Phoenicians, Carthagenians and Greeks. By the 5th century BCE, the Greeks had established a colony which they named Elibyrge or Elybirge (Greek: Ἐλιβύργη). Under Roman rule, in the early centuries CE, this name had become "Illiberis". As Illiberis, the city minted its own coins. The Visigoths maintained the importance of the city as a centre of both ecclesiastical and civil administration and also established it as a military stronghold. It was also managed by Eastern Roman Empire for 60 years.
A Jewish community established itself in what was effectively a suburb of the city, called "Gárnata" or "Gárnata al-yahud" (Granada of the Jews). It was with the help of this community that Moorish forces under Tariq ibn-Ziyad first took the city in 711, though it was not fully secured until 713. They referred to it under the Iberian name "Ilbira", the remaining Christian community calling this "Elvira", and it became the capital of a province of the Caliphate of Cordoba. Civil conflicts that wracked the Caliphate in the early eleventh century led to the destruction of the city in 1010. In the subsequent reconstruction, the suburb of Gárnata (Arabic: غرناطة) was incorporated in the city, and the modern name in fact derives from this. With the arrival of the Zirid dynasty in 1013, Granada became an independent emirate Taifa of Granada. By the end of the eleventh century, the city had spread across the Darro to reach what is now the site of the Alhambra.
In 1228, with the departure of the Almohad prince, Idris, who left Iberia to take the Almohad leadership, the ambitious Ibn al-Ahmar established the longest lasting Muslim dynasty on the Iberian peninsula - the Nasrids. With the Reconquista in full swing after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the Nasrids aligned themselves with Ferdinand III of Castile, officially becoming a tributary state in 1238. The state officially became the Emirate of Granada in 1238.
Granada was held as a vassal to Castile for many decades, and provided trade links with the Muslim world, particularly the gold trade with the sub-saharan areas south of Africa. The Nasrids also provided troops for Castile while the kingdom was also a source of mercenary fighters from North Africa.
On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim sultan in Iberia, Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil to the Spanish, surrendered complete control of Granada, to Ferdinand and Isabella, Los Reyes Católicos ("The Catholic Monarchs"), after the city was besieged.
See Nasrid dynasty for a full list of the Nasrid rulers of Granada. The most prominent members of the dynasty were:
The capture of Muslim Granada by the forces of Ferdinand and Isabella is one of the more significant events in Granada's history. The terms of the surrender treaty explicitly allowed the city's Muslim inhabitants to continue unmolested in their faith and customs. By 1499, however, Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros grew frustrated with the slow conversion efforts of Granada's first archbishop, Fernando de Talavera, and undertook a program of forced baptisms. Cisneros's new tactics, which were a direct violation of the terms of the treaty, provoked an armed revolt centered in the Alpujarras, a rural region to the southwest of the city. In response to the rebellion, in 1501 the Castilian Crown rescinded the surrender treaty, demanding that Granada's Muslims convert or emigrate. While many elites chose to emigrate to North Africa, the majority of the city's Muslims converted to Christianity while keeping their Islam secretly, becoming Moriscos, Catholics of Moorish descent.
Over the course of the sixteenth century, Granada took on an ever more Christian and Castilian character, as immigrants flocked to the city from other parts of the Iberian Peninsula. The city's mosques, some of which had been established on the sites of former Christian churches, were converted to Christian uses. New structures, such as cathedral and the Chancillería, or Royal Court of Appeals, helped transform the urban landscape, and in the wake of the 1492 Alhambra decree that expelled Spain's Jewish population, Granada's Jewish neighborhood was demolished to make way for new Christian and Castilian institutions.
The fall of Granada holds an important place among the many significant events that mark the latter half of the 15th century. It ended the eight hundred year-long Islamic presence in the Iberian Peninsula. Freed from internal conflict, a unified Spain embarked on its greatest phase of expansion around the globe, leading to the arrival in the Americas by Isabella's protégé Christopher Columbus. Subsequent colonization led to the creation of the Spanish Empire, the largest empire of the world for its time.
There are many important Moorish and Catholic architectural sites in Granada:
Although many Muslim buildings were destroyed by the Catholics, who forced conversion to Catholicism during the Christian era in Granada, those that remain comprise the most complete group of Moorish domestic architecture in Europe. Palaces like Dar al-Horra, or Alcazar Genil, or houses like the house of the Horno de Oro, the house of Chapiz, or the house of Abén Humeya, are only some of the most famous. Granada's public baths, like El Bañuelo or the Alhambra Baths, and the complex of Arab public fountains and wells (aljibes), are unique in Europe. The Nasrid infrastructure net (acequias) that feeds the public fountains and wells still functions in its majority. Among the best known of Granada's acequias are the Royal Acequia and the Cadí Acequia.

Realejo was the Jewish district at the time of the Nasride Granada. The Jewish population was so important, that Granada was known from the Al-Andalûs Country under the name of Granada de los judios (in Arabic, Garnata Al Yahood). It is today a district made up of many Andalusian villas, with gardens opening onto the streets, called Los Carmenes.
This district contains the Carthusian monastery of the same name: Cartuja. This is an old monastery started in a late Gothic style with Baroque exuberant interior decorations. In this district also, many buildings were created with the extension of the University of Granada.
The toponym existed at the time of the Arabs. Nowadays, Bib-Rambla is a high point for gastronomy, especially in its terraces of restaurants, open on beautiful days. The Arab bazaar (Alcaicería) is made up of several narrow streets, which start from this place and continue as far as the cathedral.
The Sacromonte neighbourhood is located on the extension of the hill of Albaicín, along the Darro River. This area, which became famous by the nineteenth century for its predominantly Gitano inhabitants, is characterized by cave houses, which are dug into the hillside. The area has a reputation as a major center of flamenco song and dance, including the Zambra Gitana, Andalusian dance originating in the Middle East. The zone is a protected cultural environment under the auspices of the Centro de Interpretación del Sacromonte, a cultural center dedicated to the preservation of Gitano cultural forms.
Albayzín (also written as Albaicín), located on a hill on the right bank of the river Darro, is the ancient Moorish quarter of the city and transports the visitor to a unique world: the site of the ancient city of Elvira, so-called before the Zirid Moors renamed it Granada. It housed the artists who went up to build the palaces of Alhambra on the hill facing it. Time allowed its embellishment. Of particular note is the Plaza de San Nicolas (Plaza of St Nicholas) from where a stunning view of the Alhambra can be seen. The artist George Owen Wynne Apperley RA RI (1884-1960) owned houses on both sides of the Placeta de San Nicolás, also known as El Mirador.
This blue collar neighbourhood houses 100,000 residents of Granada, making it the largest neighborhood or 'barrio'. Traditionally populated by gypsies, now many residents are from North and West Africa, China, and many South American countries. Every Saturday morning it hosts a large outdoor market or "mercadillo", where many gypsies come and sell their wares of fruits and vegetables, clothes and shoes, and other sorts of odds and ends.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 11 (52) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
22 (72) |
27 (81) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
27 (81) |
22 (72) |
15 (59) |
12 (54) |
20 (68) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6 (43) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
16 (61) |
20 (68) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
20 (68) |
16 (61) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
14 (57) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2 (36) |
2 (36) |
5 (41) |
7 (45) |
11 (52) |
14 (57) |
17 (63) |
17 (63) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
2 (36) |
10 (50) |
| Precipitation cm (inches) | 3 (1.2) |
4 (1.6) |
6 (2.4) |
5 (2) |
4 (1.6) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
4 (1.6) |
5 (2) |
4 (1.6) |
43 (16.9) |
| Source: Weatherbase[1] | |||||||||||||
Granada has three football teams:
Granada has a basketball team:
![]() Panoramic view of Granada from the Alhambra |
![]() Granada Cathedral, south portal. |
![]() Torres Bermejas Castle. |
![]() Basilica-Hospital of San Juan de Dios. |
![]() San Gil y Santa Ana Church. |
![]() Palacio del Pórtico. |
![]() Church of San Jerome Monastery. |
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![]() Buildings in Santa Ana Square and the tower bell of Santa Ana church. |
![]() Façade of the Palace of the Madrassa. |
![]() Entrance to the Palace of the Ducks. |
![]() Las Angustias Church. |
![]() The Royal Hospital of Granada. |
![]() Royal High Court. |
![]() San Luis Church. |
![]() Santos Justo y Pástor Church. |
![]() Gran Vía. |
![]() Gran Vía at sunset. |
![]() Bib-Rambla Square by night. |
![]() Living statue in Granada. |
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Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the region of Andalusia, Spain. The beautiful city of Granada is set at the foot of the impressive Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, Beiro, Darro and Genil, at an elevation of 738 metres above sea level yet only one hour from the Mediterrean coast, the Costa Tropical. The Alhambra, the famous Moorish citadel and palace, is in Granada. It is one of the most famous items of the Islamic historical legacy that makes Granada a hot spot among cultural and tourist cities in Europe. Granada is also well-known within Spain due to the prestigious University of Granada and, nowadays, vibrant night-life.
There is more than one place called Granada :
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Category: Disambiguation
There is more than one meaning of Granada discussed in the 1911 Encyclopedia. We are planning to let all links go to the correct meaning directly, but for now you will have to search it out from the list below by yourself. If you want to change the link that led you here yourself, it would be appreciated.
Categories: Disambiguation | History of Spain and Portugal
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Singular |
Plural |
Granada
Wikipedia pt
Granada
This Portuguese entry was created from the translations listed at Grenada. It may be less reliable than other entries, and may be missing parts of speech or additional senses. Please also see Granada in the Portuguese Wiktionary. This notice will be removed when the entry is checked. (more information) July 2009
Granada
Granada is a Spanish city, capital of the province of Granada, in Andalusia. With 233,000 inhabitants, it is an important artistic and cultural center. The city has several famous monuments, such as the Alhambra, the Cathedral, the Alcaiceria, and the Corral del Carbon. It is near Sierra Nevada, the highest mountain range in Spain, in the valley where the Genil and Darro rivers meet. The Darro runs through the Albaicin and the Sacromonte, two charming historical areas of the city.
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