| 13rd | Top bridges in the United States |
The Gravina Island Bridge, commonly referred to as the "Bridge to Nowhere", was a proposed bridge to replace the ferry that currently connects the town of Ketchikan, Alaska with Gravina Island, an island which contains the Ketchikan International Airport as well as 50 residents. The bridge was projected to cost $398 million. Members of the Alaskan congressional delegation, particularly Rep. Don Young and Sen. Ted Stevens, were the bridge's biggest advocates in Congress, and helped push for federal funding.[1] The project encountered fierce opposition outside of Alaska as a symbol of pork barrel spending and is labeled as one of the more prominent "bridges to nowhere".[2] As a result, Congress removed the federal earmark for the bridge in 2005.[3]
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According to the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, the project's goal was to "provide better service to the airport and allow for development of large tracts of land on the island".[4]
A ferry runs to the island every 30 minutes during most of the year, except during the May–September peak tourist season, when it runs every 15 minutes. It charges $5 per adult, with free same-day return, and $6 per automobile each way (as of 2008).[5]
According to USA Today, the bridge was to have been nearly as long as the Golden Gate Bridge and taller than the Brooklyn Bridge.[6] The bridge would cross the Tongass Narrows, part of Alaska's Inside Passage, so the bridge was designed to be tall enough to accommodate ship traffic, including the Alaska Marine Highway and the cruise ships which frequent Alaskan waters during the summer.
Ketchikan's airport is the second largest in Southeast Alaska, after Juneau International Airport, handling over 200,000 passengers a year, while the ferry shuttled 350,000 people in the same time period (as of December 2006).[7] In comparison, the Golden Gate Bridge carried more than 43,000,000 vehicles in 2006, or about 118,000 vehicles each day.[8]
The controversy began with the 2006 National Appropriations Bill. This was an omnibus spending bill covering transportation, housing, and urban development for the next year. On October 20, 2005, H.R. 3058 [109th] act's first version passed with 93 votes for, 1 against.[9]
On October 21, 2005, Sen Tom Coburn (R-OK) offered an amendment to remove funds for the Gravina Island and Knik Arm bridges, and divert the funds to rebuild a bridge over Lake Pontchartrain that was damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Republican Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska became the object of strong media criticism when he strongly opposed diverting the Gravina and Knik Arm Bridge funds to help in the disaster aid.[10] In his speech on the Senate floor, Stevens threatened to quit Congress if the funds were removed from his state.[11] On November 16, 2005, Congress stripped the specific earmark allocation of federal funds for the two bridges in the final edition of the omnibus spending bill, without changing the amount of money allocated for use by Alaska.[3][12][13] The Coburn Amendment was defeated with a heavy bipartisan majority, 82-15 in opposition.[14]
In September 2006, during her campaign for Governor, Sarah Palin visited Ketchikan to express her support for the Gravina Island Bridge project. At a public forum, Palin held up a pro-bridge t-shirt designed by a Ketchikan artist, Mary Ida Henrikson. The legend on the shirt was "Nowhere Alaska 99901", referencing the buzzword of "Bridge to Nowhere" and the primary zip code of Ketchikan. In her public comments, referring to her own residence in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, she said: "OK, you’ve got Valley trash standing here in the middle of nowhere. I think we’re going to make a good team as we progress that bridge project" in response to an insult expressed by the state Senate president, Ben Stevens.[15]
In October 2006, when asked, "Would you continue state funding for the proposed Knik Arm and Gravina Island bridges?", she answered: "Yes. I would like to see Alaska's infrastructure projects built sooner rather than later. The window is now – while our congressional delegation is in a strong position to assist."[16] Later that month, at a Chamber of Commerce meeting in Wasilla, Alaska, Democratic candidate Tony Knowles criticized Palin for supporting the Knik Arm Bridge, the Gravina Island Bridge, and a road north out of Juneau instead of rebuilding the Parks Highway. The Ketchikan Daily News noted that, of the gubernatorial candidates, "Only Palin is consistent in support all of the projects".[17][18][19][20][21]
During her inaugural address on December 4, 2006, Governor Palin pledged responsible spending.[22] On January 17, 2007, she sent a revised budget to the president of the Alaska Senate that would restrict capital spending and rescinded the $185M state share of the bridge funding.[23]
In August 2007, Alaska's Department of Transportation stated that it was "leaning" toward alternative ferry options, citing bridge costs and the reluctance of Governor Palin to pay the state's match to the appropriated federal funds.[24] A month later, in September 2007, Palin formally canceled the project.[25][26][27] Palin stated:
Ketchikan desires a better way to reach the airport, but the $398 million bridge is not the answer. Despite the work of our congressional delegation, we are about $329 million short of full funding for the bridge project, and it’s clear that Congress has little interest in spending any more money on a bridge between Ketchikan and Gravina Island. Much of the public’s attitude toward Alaska bridges is based on inaccurate portrayals of the projects here. But we need to focus on what we can do, rather than fight over what has happened.[28][29]
Asked why she initially supported the bridge, Palin's communications director Bill McAllister said, "It was never at the top of her priority list, and in fact the project isn't necessarily dead … there's still the potential for improved ferry service or even a bridge of a less costly design". She changed her mind, he said, when "she saw that Alaska was being perceived as taking from the country and not giving".[30]
The city of Ketchikan has already begun to develop roads and a small amount of infrastructure for Gravina Island's 50 inhabitants. However, residents continue to seek funding for the Ketchikan-Gravina span.[31]
On August 29, 2008, when introduced as Republican presidential nominee John McCain's running mate, Governor Palin told the crowd: "I told Congress, thanks but no thanks on that bridge to nowhere" — a line that garnered big applause but upset political leaders in Ketchikan. Palin's campaign coordinator in the city, Republican Mike Elerding, remarked, "She said 'thanks but no thanks,' but they kept the money." Ketchikan's Democratic Mayor Bob Weinstein also criticized Palin for using the term bridge to nowhere, which she had said was insulting when she was in favor of the bridge.[32]
Although Palin was originally a main proponent of the bridge, McCain–Palin television advertisements since September claim that Palin "stopped the Bridge to Nowhere".[33][34] Howard Kurtz called this a "whopper", writing: "She endorsed the remote project while running for governor in 2006, claimed to be an opponent only after Congress killed its funding the next year and has used the $223 million provided for it for other state ventures."[33] These claims have been widely questioned or described as misleading in several newspapers across the political spectrum.[35][36][37][38] Newsweek, commenting on Palin's "astonishing pivot," remarked: "Now she talks as if she always opposed the funding."[39]
McCain has also weighed in on the Gravina Island Bridge. In advertisements, McCain labeled the bridge as wasteful spending,[40] and in an August 2007 town hall speech recorded on video[41] and quoted again on April 30, 2008,[42] he blamed the Minneapolis I-35 bridge collapse on the Gravina Island Bridge. His advertising and comments which (before September 21, 2006) contradicted Governor Sarah Palin's support of the bridge drew the attention of the media[43] when he chose Palin as his running mate.
While discussing the Gravina Island Bridge during an ABC News interview that aired on September 12, 2008, Charles Gibson made the following comment: "but it's now pretty clearly documented. You supported that bridge before you opposed it. You were wearing a t-shirt in the 2006 campaign, showed your support for the bridge to nowhere." Palin interrupted Gibson and insisted, "I was wearing a t-shirt with the zip code of the community that was asking for that bridge. Not all the people in that community even were asking for a $400 million or $300 million bridge."[44]
Many media groups in the U.S., says the Sydney Morning Herald, have noted that Palin changed her position regarding the bridges, and concluded that she exaggerated her claim that she stopped the proposals from going through.[45] According to the Los Angeles Times, for instance, while seeking votes for her governorship race, Palin told Ketchikan residents that she backed the "bridge to nowhere"; as governor, she spent the money elsewhere and moved ahead with a $26-million road to the nonexistent bridge.[46]
Palin has spent more than $25 million in federal funds to build the Gravina Island Highway, which would have connected with the proposed bridge, because, according to Alaskan state officials, the $25 million would otherwise have had to be returned to the federal government.[47] Because "no one seems to use" this road, it has been called the "road to nowhere" by CNN, many local Alaskans, and hundreds of other media sources.[48][49]
CNN reporter Abbie Boudreau took a helicopter[50] over the road to give "a real perspective of what the road really looks like." "There's no one on this road," she said, "It kind of just curves around then it just stops. That's where the bridge was supposed to pick up, right there." Boudreau said she "tried to find someone in town who actually supported the road. So we contacted Palin's former campaign coordinator Mike Elerding, an avid Palin supporter. But even he had a hard time not laughing." Elerding agreed that the road was a waste of taxpayer money without the bridge.[48]
McCain–Palin campaign spokesperson Meghan Stapleton defended the road: "The governor could not change that earmark. That earmark was given. That earmark was dictated. That had to be spent on the Gravina road and nothing else. And so, the governor had no options." Boudreau asked Stapleton if Palin could have stopped construction. Stapleton responded: "My understanding is that – you know, I'd have to look into that for you. I don't know." Later, Stapleton told Boudreau that Palin had no "viable alternative" because the contract for the road was signed before Palin came into office.[48] Alaska Department of Transportation spokesman Roger Wetherell disagreed, stating that Palin could have canceled the contract upon taking office and reimbursed contractors for any expenses incurred in association with the project, as happened when Palin cancelled a $18.6 million contract on a Juneau road and reimbursed the contractor for $65,500 in expenses. Federal Highway Administration spokesman Doug Hecox stated that Palin could have opted not to use the federal earmark, which would have allowed Congress the opportunity to send it to other federal needs.[51]
Coordinates: 55°19′19″N 131°37′56″W / 55.3219175°N 131.6323471°W
   | $220 Million+ For A Bridge To An Island With 50 People?!? - Plastic: $220 Million+ For A Bridge To An Island With 50 People?!? |
| | Ketchikan on Google Maps - ketchikan, Alaska - Google Maps |
| | A bridge to nowhere - A bridge to nowhere - Salon.com |
| | DOT 'leaning' toward ferries; cites bridge cost - Ketchikan Daily News - Access denied |
| | Without earmark, Ketchikan bridge project going nowhere - Juneau Empire Story Archive |
| | Americans for Prosperity Foundation video - "Ending Earmarks Express" - YouTube - Live from the Bridge to Nowhere... |
| | Alaska trounces Washington in funding special transportation projects - The Seattle Times: Local News: Alaska trounces Washington in funding special transportation projects |
| | "A bridge to nowhere" - A bridge to nowhere - Salon.com |
| | Americans for Prosperity Foundation - National site | Americans for Prosperity |
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