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H.262[1] or MPEG-2 Part 2 (formally known as ISO/IEC 13818-2[2], also known as MPEG-2 Video) is a digital video compression and encoding standard developed and maintained jointly by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). It is the second part of the ISO/IEC MPEG-2 standard. The ITU-T Recommendation H.262 and ISO/IEC 13818-2 documents are identical. The standard is available for a fee from the ITU-T[1] and ISO.

Contents

Overview

MPEG-2 Video is similar to MPEG-1, but also provides support for interlaced video (the format used by analog broadcast TV systems). MPEG-2 video is not optimized for low bit-rates (less than 1 Mbit/s), but outperforms MPEG-1 at 3 Mbit/s and above. All standards-conforming MPEG-2 Video decoders are fully capable of playing back MPEG-1 Video streams.[3]

History

The ISO/IEC approval process was completed in November 1994.[4] The first edition was approved in July 1995[5] and published by ITU-T[1] and ISO/IEC in 1996.[6].

In 1996 it was extended by two amendments to include the Registration of Copyright Identifiers and the 4:2:2 Profile.[7][1] ITU-T published these amendments in 1996 and ISO in 1997.[6]

There are also other amendments published later by ITU-T and ISO.[1][2][8]

Editions

H.262 / MPEG-2 Video editions[8]
Edition Release date Latest amendment ISO/IEC standard ITU-T Recommendation Description
First edition 1995 2000 ISO/IEC 13818-2:1996[6] H.262 (07/95)
Second edition 2000 2009[1][2][9] ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000[2] H.262 (02/00)

Profiles and Levels

MPEG-2 Profiles
Abbr. Name Frames YCbCr Streams Comment
SP Simple Profile P, I 4:2:0 1 no interlacing
MP Main Profile P, I, B 4:2:0 1
422P 4:2:2 Profile P, I, B 4:2:2 1
SNR SNR Scalable Profile P, I, B 4:2:0 1-2 SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio
SP Spatial Scalable Profile P, I, B 4:2:0 1-3 low, normal and high quality decoding
HP High Profile P, I, B 4:2:2 1-3
MPEG-2 Levels
Abbr. Name Pixel/line Lines Framerate (Hz) Bitrate (Mbit/s)
LL Low Level 352 288 30 4
ML Main Level 720 576 30 15
H-14 High 1440 1440 1152 30 60
HL High Level 1920 1152 30 80
Profile @ Level Resolution (px) Framerate max. (Hz) Sampling Bitrate (Mbit/s) Example Application
SP@LL 176 × 144 15 4:2:0 0.096 Wireless handsets
SP@ML 352 × 288 15 4:2:0 0.384 PDAs
320 × 240 24
MP@LL 352 × 288 30 4:2:0 4 Set-top boxes (STB)
MP@ML 720 × 480 30 4:2:0 15 (DVD: 9.8) DVD, SD-DVB
720 × 576 25
MP@H-14 1440 × 1080 30 4:2:0 60 (HDV: 25) HDV
1280 × 720 30
MP@HL 1920 × 1080 30 4:2:0 80 ATSC 1080i, 720p60, HD-DVB (HDTV).

(Bitrate for terrestrial transmission is limited to 19.39Mbit/s)
1280 × 720 60
422P@LL 4:2:2
422P@ML 720 × 480 30 4:2:2 50 Sony IMX using I-frame only, Broadcast "contribution" video (I&P only)
720 × 576 25
422P@H-14 1440 × 1080 30 4:2:2 80 Potential future MPEG-2-based HD products from Sony and Panasonic
1280 × 720 60
422P@HL 1920 × 1080 30 4:2:2 300 Potential future MPEG-2-based HD products from Panasonic
1280 × 720 60

Applications

DVD

The DVD standard uses MPEG-2 video, but imposes some restrictions:

  • Allowed Resolutions
    • 720 × 480, 704 × 480, 352 × 480, 352 × 240 pixel (NTSC)
    • 720 × 576, 704 × 576, 352 × 576, 352 × 288 pixel (PAL)
  • Allowed Aspect ratio (image) (Display AR)
    • 4:3
    • 16:9
    • (1.85:1 and 2.35:1, among others, are often listed as valid DVD aspect ratios, but are actually just a 16:9 image with the top and bottom of the frame masked in black)
  • Allowed Frame rates
    • 29.97 frame/s (NTSC)
    • 25 frame/s (PAL)
    • 23.976 frame/s through use of 3:2 pulldown (FILM)
  • Audio+video bitrate
    • Video peak 9.8 Mbit/s
    • Total peak 10.08 Mbit/s
    • Minimum 300 kbit/s
  • Y'CbCr 4:2:0
  • GOP structure
    • Sequence header must be present at the beginning of every GOP
    • Maximum frames per GOP: 18 (NTSC) / 15 (PAL), i.e. 0.6 seconds both
    • Closed GOP required for multiple-angle DVDs

HD DVD & Blu-ray

The HD DVD and Blu-ray Standards use MPEG-2 video along with MPEG-4 H.264/AVC and VC1 video standards.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "H.262 : Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video". ITU-T Website. International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). February 2000. http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.262. Retrieved 13 August 2009.  
  2. ^ a b c d ISO. "ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video". ISO. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=31539. Retrieved 31 October 2009.  
  3. ^ Jens-Rainer Ohm (2005-07). "Introduction to MPEG-2 Video (13818-2)". http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/technologies/mp02-vid/index.htm. Retrieved 1 November 2009.  
  4. ^ P.N. Tudor (2005-12). "MPEG-2 Video compression". http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/papers/paper_14/paper_14.shtml. Retrieved 1 November 2009.  
  5. ^ (PDF) H.262 (07/95) Information Technology – Generic Coding of Moving Picture and Associated Audio Information: Video, ITU, http://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-H.262-199507-S!!PDF-E&type=items, retrieved 3 November 2009  
  6. ^ a b c ISO. "ISO/IEC 13818-2:1996 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video". ISO. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=22990. Retrieved 31 October 2009.  
  7. ^ Leonardo Chiariglione - Convenor (2000-10). "Short MPEG-2 description". http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm. Retrieved 1 November 2009.  
  8. ^ a b MPEG. "MPEG standards - Full list of standards developed or under development". chiariglione.org. http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2009.  
  9. ^ ISO. "ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000/Amd 3 - New level for 1080@50p/60p". http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51746. Retrieved 2 November 2009.  

External links

Multimedia compression formats
Video compression
MJPEG · Motion JPEG 2000 · MPEG-1 · MPEG-2 (Part 2) · MPEG-4 (Part 2/ASP · Part 10/AVC) · HVC
H.120 · H.261 · H.262 · H.263 · H.264 · H.265
Others
AMV · AVS · Bink · CineForm · Cinepak · Dirac · DV · Indeo · OMS Video · Pixlet · RealVideo · RTVideo · SheerVideo · Smacker · Sorenson Video · Theora · VC-1 · VP6 · VP7 · VP8 · WMV  · XVD
Audio compression
G.711 · G.718 · G.719 · G.722 · G.722.1 · G.722.2 · G.723 · G.723.1 · G.726 · G.728 · G.729 · G.729.1
Others
AC3 · AMR · AMR-WB · AMR-WB+ · Apple Lossless · ATRAC · DRA · FLAC · GSM-FR · GSM-EFR · iLBC · Monkey's Audio · μ-law · Musepack · Nellymoser · OptimFROG · RealAudio · RTAudio · SHN · SILK · Siren · Speex · TwinVQ · Vorbis · WavPack · WMA · True Audio
Image compression
JPEG · JPEG 2000 · JPEG XR · lossless JPEG · JBIG · JBIG2 · PNG · WBMP
Others
APNG · BMP · DjVu · EXR · GIF · ICER · ILBM · MNG · PCX · PGF · TGA · TIFF
Media containers
General
3GP · ASF · AVI · Bink · DMF · DPX · EVO · FLV · GXF · M2TS  · Matroska · MPEG-PS · MPEG-TS · MP4 · MXF  · Ogg · QuickTime · RealMedia · RIFF · Smacker · VOB
Audio only
AIFF · AU · WAV
See Compression methods for methods and Compression software implementations for codecs







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