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HMS Ardent
Career (UK) RN Ensign
Name: HMS Ardent (F184)
Operator: Royal Navy
Ordered: 17 April 1973
Builder: Yarrow Shipbuilders
Laid down: 26 February 1974
Launched: 9 May 1975
Commissioned: 13 October 1977
Homeport: HMNB Devonport
Motto: Through fire and water
Fate: Sunk by Argentine aircraft on 22 May 1982
General characteristics
Class and type: Type 21 frigate
Displacement: 3,250 tons full load
Length: 384 ft (117 m)
Beam: 41 ft 9 in (12.73 m)
Draught: 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m)
Propulsion:

COGOG:
2 × Rolls-Royce Olympus gas turbines

2 × Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A gas turbines for cruising
Speed: 32 knots (59 km/h)
Range: 4,000 nautical miles at 17 knots (7,400 km at 31 km/h)
1,200 nautical miles at 30 knots (2,220 km at 56 km/h)
Complement: 177
Armament: 1 × 4.5 inch (114 mm) Mark 8 naval gun
2 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
4 × MM38 Exocet missiles
1 × quadruple Sea Cat SAMs
2 × triple ASW torpedo tubes
2 × Corvus chaff launchers
1 × Type 182 towed decoy
Aircraft carried: 1 × Westland Wasp helicopter, later refitted for 1 × Lynx
For other ships of the same name, see HMS Ardent.

HMS Ardent (F184) was a Royal Navy type 21 frigate. Built by Yarrow Shipbuilders Ltd, Glasgow, Scotland.[1] She was completed with Exocet launchers in 'B' position.[2] Ardent participated in the Falklands War, where she was sunk by Argentine aircraft in the Falkland Sound on 22 May 1982.[3]

Contents

Falklands War

On 21 May 1982, whilst lying in Falkland Sound and supporting Operation Sutton by bombarding the Argentine airstrip at Goose Green, Ardent was attacked by at least three waves of Argentine aircraft. The air strikes resulted in the sinking of Ardent the next day.

British version

The first attack took place when a lone A-4 Skyhawk dropped two bombs at 16:00 Z, which straddled the frigate but both failed to explode.[4]

The bulk of the air strikes began at 17:40 Z. Ardent was ordered to proceed west of North West Island along with HMS Yarmouth to "split air attacks from the south". A group of three aircraft, either Skyhawks or IAI Daggers[5] crossed the Falklands Sound from the west and then turned to their left in order to attack from the north east. Cannon fire and three bombs struck home as the Argentine aircraft pressed their attack from the port side. The only weapons which reacted properly were the 20 mm AA cannons. The Sea Cat system failed to lock onto the attackers, who also outmanoeuvred the 4.5" gun by carrying out their run out of its arc of fire. Two bombs exploded in the hangar area, destroying the Westland Lynx helicopter and blowing the Sea Cat launcher 80 ft (24 m) into the air before it crashed back down onto the flight deck, and the third crashed through the aft auxiliary machinery room but failed to explode. The aft switchboard was severely damaged, with the consequent loss of power for some key assets, such as the main gun. The hangar was left in flames, and the crew suffered a number of casualties.[6]

Mk. 82 bomb with Tail Retarding Device, used by the Argentine Navy A4Qs in the attack on HMS Ardent

Still in full control of her engines and steering, but virtually defenceless, Ardent was told to head north, toward Port San Carlos. But at 18:00 five Skyhawk approached the frigate and dropped a great number of free-fall and retard bombs. A pattern of two to four bombs exploded in the port quarter (aft), while an undetermined number of others which failed to explode penetrated into the ship. Some of the remaining bombs exploded in the water nearby, battering Ardent and resulting in a minor flooding in the forward auxiliary machine room. The Dining Hall was shattered, while communications between the bridge and the Ship Control Centre were cut off, and the ship lost steering. This attack caused many casualties, especially among the damage-control teams working in the hangar.[7] Ardent stopped in the shallow waters of Grantham Sound, the fires in her stern now out of control. With the ship listing heavily, Captain West decided to abandon the ship. HMS Yarmouth then came alongside to take off survivors. The crew was transferred to SS Canberra. At that time it was known that 22 men had lost their lives. Ardent continued to burn throughout the night, accompanied by the occasional explosion, until she sank at 6:30 the following morning, with only her foremast remaining above the water.

Able Seaman John Dillon was able to remove debris from an injured sailor and, despite his own burns, got the man topside and into the water where they were both rescued. For his heroism he received a George Medal.[8]

The last man to leave was her captain, Cdr. Alan West, who was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and served as First Sea Lord from 2002-2006.[7][9]

Within days navy divers removed her light AA guns for fitting to other ships and her foremast was used as Navigational warning and datum by her sister ship HMS Arrow whilst she bombarded Goose Green.[9]

The wreck is designated as a prohibited area under the Falkland Islands Protection of Wrecks Act.[10][11]

Argentine version

Air Force attacks

According to the Argentine Air Force official web site[12] Ardent was the subject of two attacks from FAA aircraft:

  • 14:00 by a lone A-4B Skyhawk of 5th Air Group.[12] Four A-4B took off from Rio Gallegos at 11:30. After experiencing problems during the air-to-air refuelling, two aircraft were forced to abort and fly back to their base. Once over the Falklands Sound, the remainder Skyhawks chanced upon an unidentified transport ship -she was apparently the abandoned Argentine cargo vessel Río Carcaraña- which was attacked by one of the jets. The other fighter, piloted by the package commander, Captain Pablo Carballo dropped one 1,000 lb (450 kg) dumb bomb on a frigate he found at Grantham Sound. He reported heavy anti-aircraft fire but returned safely. [13] The bomb exploded on the stern.[12] Carballo went on to attack HMS Broadsword a few days later.
  • 14:40 by IAI Daggers of 6th Air Group.[12] A package of two Daggers, led by Captain Mir González, was joined by a third Dagger returning from an aborted sortie. They headed together toward San Carlos, but were intercepted by a patrol of Sea Harriers vectored by HMS Brillant and the attached aircraft was shot down over West Falkland. The pilot ejected and was recovered later. The two original Daggers successfully outran the British air patrol and entered Falklands Sound from the south. They discovered a frigate and dropped two 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs on her stern. They also hit the craft with their 30 mm cannons. According to this report, the warship responded to the attack by firing anti-aircraft missiles.[14]

Navy aircraft sortie

Gate guardian painted in the colours of 3-A-314, the last A-4Q to attack HMS Ardent at the entrance of Air Club Mar del Plata. The pilot, Lt. Gustavo Marcelo Márquez, killed in action, had been born in this city and was a member of that club.

At 15:01 three Argentine Navy A-4Q Skyhawks of 3rd Fighter and Attack Naval Sqd. hit Ardent with at least two bombs on the stern,[15][16] a number of unexploded bombs which ripped into the hull and several near-misses.[7] The mother ship of these fighters was usually the carrier ARA Veinticinco de Mayo, but this mission was carried out from a land base at Rio Grande. Navy aircraft used a dozen 500 lb (230 kg) retarding tail bombs during the attack.[17][18] During their escape they were shot down by Sea Harriers. The pilot who made the final run, Lt. Gustavo Marcelo Márquez was killed in action after his A-4Q was hit by 30 mm fire and exploded. Lt. Philippi, shot down by an AIM-9L Sidewinder missile ejected safely and after been sheltered by local farmer Tony Blake during the night,[19] he rejoined Argentine forces. Lt. Arca, with his A-4Q also struck by 30 mm rounds, bailed out safely after an unsuccessful attempt to land at Stanley. The pilot was rescued from the water by Cpt. Svendsen's Huey UH-1H of the Argentine Army.[15][20] Arca's ejection took place at Cape Pembroke, just two miles away from Stanley airstrip.[20]

Notes

  1. ^ Higgit, page 48
  2. ^ Fitzsimons, Edward: The Illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare. Purnell Reference Books, 1979. V. 1, page 92
  3. ^ Higgit, page 52
  4. ^ Board of Inquiry - Report into the Loss of HMS Ardent, page 2
  5. ^ Smith, page 79
  6. ^ Board of Inquiry - Report into the Loss of HMS Ardent, page 3
  7. ^ a b c Board of Inquiry - Report into the Loss of HMS Ardent, pp. 3-4
  8. ^ John Edward Dillon G.M.
  9. ^ a b www.mod.operations.uk
  10. ^ Protection of Wrecks Ordnance 1977 (No. 12) 7 July 1977 (Falkland Islands)
  11. ^ Protection of Wrecks (Ardent and Antelope Designation) Order 1983 (No. 2) 20 October 1983 (Falkland Islands)
  12. ^ a b c d www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar (Spanish)
  13. ^ www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar (Spanish)
  14. ^ www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar (Spanish)
  15. ^ a b Brown, page 195
  16. ^ Higgit, page 221
  17. ^ Villarino, Horacio: Exocet. Ed. Abril, 1984. Page 206. ISBN 9501001164 (Spanish)
  18. ^ Chant, page 84
  19. ^ La balada del piloto bahiense y el estanciero kelper (Spanish)
  20. ^ a b Villarino, pp. 204-205

References

  • Brown, David:The Royal Navy and the Falklands War. Leo Cooper, 1987. ISBN 0850520592
  • Chant, Christopher: Air War in the Falklands 1982. Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1841762938
  • Higgitt, Mark (2001), Through Fire and Water, HMS Ardent:The Forgotten Frigate of the Falklands War, Mainstream Publishing Company, ISBN 184018356X 
  • HMS Ardent Association
  • Smith, Gordon: Battle Atlas of the Falklands War 1982 by Land, Sea and Air. Published by Lulu.com, 2006. ISBN 1847539505
  • UK MOD Board of Inquiry Report Into The Loss Of HMS Ardent
Type 21 Amazon class frigate
Amazon · Antelope · Active · Ambuscade · Arrow · Alacrity · Ardent · Avenger
Preceded by: Type 12M Leander · Followed by: Type 22 Broadsword
List of frigates of the Royal Navy

Coordinates: 51°39′38″S 59°8′12″W / 51.66056°S 59.13667°W / -51.66056; -59.13667








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