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Hernandez v. Texas
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued January 11, 1954 Decided May 3, 1954
Full case name	Pete Hernandez v. State of Texas
Citations	347 U.S. 475 (more) 74 S. Ct. 667; 98 L. Ed. 866; 1954 U.S. LEXIS 2128
Prior history	Cert. to the Court of Criminal Appeals for Texas. Hernandez v. State, 160 Tex. Crim. 72, 251 S.W.2d 531, 1952 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1421 (Tex. Crim. App., 1952)
Holding
The Court decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Court membership
Chief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black · Stanley F. Reed Felix Frankfurter · William O. Douglas Robert H. Jackson · Harold H. Burton Tom C. Clark · Sherman Minton
Case opinions
Majority	Warren, joined by unanimous
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. XIV

Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954)^[1], was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Background

Pete Hernandez, a Mexican agricultural worker, was convicted for the murder of Joe Espinosa. Hernandez's legal team set out to demonstrate that the jury could not be impartial unless members of non-Caucasian races were allowed on the jury-selecting committees; no Mexican American had been on a jury for more than 25 years in the Texas county the case was tried in. Hernandez and his lawyers appealed to the Texas Supreme court, and appealed again to the United States Supreme Court. The legal team included Gustavo C. Garcia, Carlos Cadena, James deAnda, Chris Alderete, and John J. Herrera.

Ruling

Chief Justice Earl Warren and the rest of the Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of Hernandez, and required he be retried with a jury composed without regard to ethnicity. The Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment protects those beyond the racial classes of white or negro, and extends to other racial groups, such as Mexican American in this case.

Social implications

The ruling was yet another step forward in the American Civil Rights Movement and another hit to racial segregation in the USA. This time, racial minorities other than African Americans benefited from such a ruling. The ultimate impact of this ruling, however, was that now all racial groups of the United States were protected under the 14th Amendment.

The oral arguments of this case have been lost. However, the United States Supreme Court docket sheet and letter from Justice Clark to Chief Justice regarding joining opinionare available online.

See also

• List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 347
• Jury trial

Further reading

• Soltero, Carlos R. (2006). "Hernandez v. Texas (1954) and the exclusion of Mexican-Americans and grand juries". Latinos and American Law: Landmark Supreme Court Cases. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 37–47. ISBN 0292714114.  
• Olivas, Michael A., ed (2006). "Colored men" and "hombres aquí" : Hernández v. Texas and the emergence of Mexican-American lawyering. Hispanic Civil Rights Series. Foreword by Mark Tushnet. Houston, TX:Arte Público Press. ISBN 1558854762. OCLC 64592184.  

External links

• University of Texas School of Law archive on Hernandez case
• Hernández v. the State of Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
• American Experience episode - A Class Apart - From a small-town Texas murder emerged a landmark civil rights case. The little-known story of the Mexican American lawyers who took Hernandez v. Texas to the Supreme Court, challenging Jim Crow-style discrimination. Aired on PBS on February 23, 2009.

Court documents