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Israeli photo of Hezbollah 220mm rocket launcher

Hezbollah

Articles Flag of Hezbollah Ideology History Political activities 2008 conflict in Lebanon 2006–2008 Lebanese political protests Doha Agreement Military activities South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000) Operation Accountability Operation Grapes of Wrath 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict 2006 Lebanon War Military capabilities Imam al-Mahdi Scouts Armed strength Foreign relations Funding of Hezbollah Hezbollah's organizations: Bayt al-Mal Jihad Al Binna IRSO Media: Al-Manar Al-Nour Secretary General: Subhi al-Tufayli Abbas al-Musawi Hassan Nasrallah

Hezbollah claims to have an arsenal of at least 33,000 rockets,In 2009 The Mossad confirmed that Hezbollah has 80,000 rockets and has become stronger after the 2006 War. Katyusha rockets were the main offensive weapons used by Hezbollah in the 2006 Lebanon War in which it fired some 3,970 rockets into Israel from southern Lebanon.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Weapons

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Short range

The main arsenal of Hezbollah's rocket force consists of 40,000 rockets^[7], including the 122mm BM-21 rockets which have a range of 25 km. Hezbollah is also believed to have fired Shahin I missile which was described as a Ra'ad 1 missile by Hezbollah's TV station and has a range of 13 km.^[6] However, the vast majority of their rocket arsenal are made up of 122mm Katyusha rockets.^[8]

At least some of the rockets appear to have been modified to improve their effectiveness ; Human Rights Watch reported that the rocket that killed eight people at Haifa's main railway depot on July 16, 2006 had been packed with metal ball bearings which acted as lethal shrapnel.^[9] Another rocket, filled with ball bearings, killed 12 Israeli reservists on August 6.^[10]

Fajr rockets

Hezbollah forces prepare a rocket attack

Hezbollah also possesses longer range rockets, namely the Fajr-3 and Fajr-5 rockets which have a range of 45 or 75 km respectively; both missiles have been fired into Israel in the 2006 conflict.^[6] It was reported that in 2006 Israel Defense Forces (IDF) believed that Hezbollah had some 100 Fajr rockets.^[11] Another document reduces the estimate to several dozens rockets.^[12] On August 2, 2006, a Fajr rocket, which Hezbollah called Khaibar-1, landed near the town of Beit Shean, Israel, which is 42 miles south of the Lebanese border.^[13]

Fadjr rockets are normally fired on tank-mounted multiple launch systems. Before 2000, the rockets delivered to Hezbollah were believed to have come individually and to be fired from improvised missile launchers. The launching crew could fire the rockets remotely to avoid enemy's counter-battery fire. In early 2001, it became known that Hezbollah had deployed a belt of mobile multi-barreled rocket launchers and truck-mounted missiles along Israel’s northern border in preparation of a conflict with Israel.^[14]

Zelzal-2 rockets

Hezbollah is also believed by some analysts to have the more potent Zelzal-2 which has a claimed range of 200–400 km but with realistic range estimated at 100 km. The Iranian-built missile could reach Tel Aviv from southern Lebanon. The missile can be fitted with a 600 kg high-explosive warhead and has a solid fuel system that allows it to be easily transported and prepared for firing. Although these are unguided missiles, they could cause serious damages if used on urban areas.^[6] The rockets could be used with chemical or conventional warheads.^[15]

A report by Agence France Presse estimates a stockpile of 30 missiles of the Zelzal type.^[16]

Anti-aircraft

For air defence, Hezbollah possesses some anti-aircraft weapons, including the ZU-23 artillery and man-portable shoulder-fired SA-7 and SA-18 surface-to-air missile (SAM).^[17] Jane's Defence Weekly reported that Iran has supplied QW-1 Vanguard shoulder-launched SAMs and Shahab Sagheb . derived from the Chinese FM-90 to Hezbollah.^[18]

Hezbollah is also believed to have obtained the SA-8 advanced anti-aircraft missiles from Syria to challenge IAF reconnaissance flights over Lebanon.

Anti-ship missile

On 14 July 2006, Hezbollah forces fired, what was reported to be an Iranian-made C-701 electroptically-guided anti-ship missile, at the Israeli corvette INS Hanit, killing four sailors and inflicting substantial damage. A second missile sunk a Cambodian vessel crewed by Egyptian sailors, although no deaths were reported.^[14] The Israeli military believes that Iranian advisers from the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) were present at the launch during the attack.^[19] Iran has denied involvement in the incident.^[18] Hezbollah is also armed with advanced anti-ship and air-to-surface missiles such as the C-802, C-701, TL-6, TL-10, Silkworm family of missiles, and more.

Anti-tank missile

According to various reports, Hezbollah is armed with some anti-tank guided missiles. Namely the Russian-made AT-3 Sagger, AT-4 Spigot, AT-5 Spandrel 'Konkurs', AT-13 Saxhorn-2 'Metis-M', АТ-14 Spriggan 'Kornet'; Iranian-made Ra'ad (version of AT-3 Sagger), Towsan (version of AT-5 Spandrel), Toophan (version of BGM-71 TOW); and European-made MILAN missiles. These weapons have been used against IDF soldiers, causing much of the deaths during the 2006 Lebanon War.^[20] A small number of Saeghe-2s (Iranian-made version of M47 Dragon) were also used in the war.^[21]

Unmanned aerial vehicle

Iran has supplied Hezbollah with Mohajer-4 Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV's),^[14]. These have flown successfully into Israeli airspace in November 2004 and April 2005. Besides being used for reconnaissance and for psychological impact, Hezbollah has also claimed that it can arm the aircraft with explosives.

During the 2006 Lebanon War three UAV's were deployed. On 7 August, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) shot down a Mirsad-1 off the Israeli coast. A Hezbollah UAV was downed just before the ceasefire, in the evening of August 13, 2006. Another UAV launched that day crashed near Tyre, most probably because of a technical problem.

Mirsad-1 is reported to be Hezbollah's version of the Iranian Mohager 4.^[22] In addition Hezbollah has an unknown number of Ababil Strategic Reconnaissance systeme

Supply and training

According to the United States, Iran has provided weapons to Hezbollah as well as provided training and funding. In addition, Syria has permitted Iran to use Damascus as a transshipment point to supply Hezbollah.^[23] There are also reports that Syria itself has supplied Hezbollah with BM-27 220mm rockets.^[15]

In another report, Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps has helped build Hezbollah's underground storerooms in the Bekaa Valley to hold huge amounts of missiles and ammunition. Hezbollah's missile force includes some 200 technicians and experts trained in Iran.^[24] The Zelzal-2 rockets require expertise to aim and launch effectively, and Hezbollah may require direct support from Iranian Revolutionary Guards to operate the rockets.^[14]

2006 Lebanon War

Map showing some of the Israeli localities attacked by rockets fired from Lebanese soil as of Monday 7 August.

During the 2006 Lebanon War Hezbollah fired about 3,699 rockets into Israel killing 119 soldiers and 44 civilians and, injuring some 692.^[25]

According to Israeli Brigadier General Tzur on August 4, one of the Israeli military's objectives during the conflict, subject to government's approval, was to push Hezbollah forces north of the Litani River, which lies 15–18 miles north of the Israeli-Lebanon border. According to Israeli intelligence, this would render most of Hezbollah rockets, that have a range of 12 to 15 miles, to be ineffective. Hezbollah would be forced to use its fewer longer-range rockets. These take longer to launch, and are easier to detect and destroy.^[26]

On August 6, 2006 (one week before the end of the conflict) Israeli officials believed that its operation destroyed the vast majority of Hezbollah's longer-range rockets and about a third of the shorter range Katyushas, but the group still has many Katyushas which are smaller and easier to hide or store underground, and can be set up and fired in a few minutes.^[19][26]

On August 13, 2006, the day before the negotiated ceasefire was to come into effect, Hezbollah launched its fiercest barrage, firing 250 rockets into Israel.

During the 2006 Lebanon War, Hezbollah fired 3,970 rockets into Northern Israel in the course of a month, killing 43 Israeli civilians.^[27] Hezbollah officials have stated that the group's armaments have recovered fully from the previous war; during the Divine Victory rally, held shortly after the cease-fire, Hezbollah's Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah declared that the group has "more than 20,000 rockets available".^[28] He also spoke in retrospect of the war, saying "Tel Aviv or elsewhere, we were certain that we could reach any corner or spot in occupied Palestine and now we are certain that we can reach them." (sic)^[29] Nasrallah has also implied that Hezbollah's rocket force became stronger in the months following the 2006 Lebanon War than it had been during the war itself.^[30] Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak during IDF Armoured Corp exercises in the Golan Heights that "Hizbullah has gained significant strength in the last couple of years..We are closely following a possible violation [of UNSC Resolution 1701] caused by the transfer of advanced weapons systems from Syria to Hizbullah. The necessary preparations have been made, and regarding all the rest - I always prefer not to talk, rather to take action when the time comes."^[31] On August 10, 2008 it was reported that Brigadier-General Muhammad Suleiman of Syria supplied Hizb'allah with advanced SA-8 SAMs for air defence.^[32][33] The Israeli government made statements regarding Hezbollah's increased ability for air defense in limiting the Israeli ability to invade Lebanese airspace, particularly in sphere of reconnaissance and surveillance operations.^[34]

References

External links

• Hezbollah’s missile arsenal and rocket threat
• Hezbollah's rocket force
• Katyusha & Qassam Rockets
• Al-Ghajar Village Flashpoint
• Israel's Hezbollah headache
• Hezbollah's Rocket Strategy