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See also: List of largest cities throughout history

Estimated populations of historical cities over time.

Contents

Neolithic settlements

Further information: Neolithic architecture
Town 7000 BC 3800 BC 3700 BC
'Ain Ghazal 2,500[1]
Çatalhöyük 1,650 - 10,000[2]
2,500[1]
Jericho 400 - 2,000[2]
Dobrovody 10,000[3][4][5]
Maydanets 10,000[6]
Talianki 10-15,000[7]

Bronze Age

Further information: Cities of the Ancient Near East
Table 1: 3700-2600 BC
City 3700 BC 3400 BC 3100 BC 2800 BC 2600 BC
Adab 11,000 [8]
Anshan 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]
Bad-tibira 16,000 [8]
Eridu 6,000-10,000 [8]
Habuba Kabira 6,000-8,000 [8]
Harappa 35,000 [9]
Hieraconopolis 5,000-10,000 [8]
Kish 40,000 [8]
Lagash 40,000 [10]
Larak/Larsa 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]
Memphis 30,000 [11]
Mohenjo-daro 41,250 [9]
Nippur 13,000 [8]
Shahr-i Sokhta 20,000 [1]
Shuruppak 20,000 [8]
Suheri 13,000 [8] 10,000 [8]
Tell Brak 22,000 [8] 20,000 [8]
Umma 26,000 [8]
Ur 6,000 [8]
Uruk 14,000 [8] 20,000 [8] 40,000 [10]

50,000 [8]

 80,000 [8] 80,000 [10]
Table 2: 2500-1200 BC
City 2500 BC 2300 BC 2000 BC 1800 BC 1600 BC 1360 BC 1200 BC
Adab 13,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]
Akkad 36,000 [8]
Amarna 30,000 [12]
Anshan 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]
Avaris/Pi-Ramses 100,000 [10][12] 160,000 [10]
Babylon 60,000 [12] 50,000
Dur-Kurigalzu 40,000 [12] 40,000 [12]
Ebla 30,000 [8]
Erlitou 35,000 [8]
Harappa 10,000 [8]
Hattushash 37,000 [12] 45,000 [12] 48,000 [12]
Hazor 24,000 [12]
Heliopolis 39,000 [12]
Heracleopolis 23,000 [12]
Isin 40,000 [8] 20,000 [8]

58,000 [12]
Kerma 25,000 [12] 22,000 [12]
Kesh 11,000 [8]
Kish 25,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 40,000 [10]
Knossos 100,000
Lagash 40,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 30,000 [8][10]

37,000 [12]

 10,000 [8]
Larak/Larsa 10,000 [8] 40,000 [8] 20,000 [8]
Mari 24,000 [12] 52,000 [12]
Memphis 30,000 [8] 60,000 [8][10] 30,000 [8]

45,000 [12]

 22,000 [12] 32,000 [12] 50,000 [12]
Mohenjo-daro 20,000 [8] 20,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 20,000 [12]
Mozah 15,000 [8] 15,000 [8]
Namazga-Tepe 14,000 [8] 14,000 [8]
Nekhen 21,000 [12]
Niniveh 23,000 [12] 33,000 [12]
Nippur 20,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]

22,000 [12]
Shahr-i Sokhta 20,000 [8] 20,000 [8]
Shuruppak 17,000 [8]
Suheri 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]
Susa 25,000 [8][12] 25,000 [8]

32,000 [12]

 25,000 [12]
Tell Brak 15,000 [8] 15,000 [8]
Tell Churra 20,000 [8]
Tell Leilan 20,000 [8] 20,000 [8]
Thebes 40,000 [8] 40,000 [8]

65,000 [12]

 80,000 [12] 37,000 [12]
Umma 34,000 [8] 20,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 20,000 [8]
Ur 65,000 [12]
Uruk 50,000 [8]
Yinxu (Anyang) 120,000 [10]
Zabala 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8] 10,000 [8]

Iron Age

Table 1: 1000-400 BC
City 1000 BC 900 BC 800 BC 700 BC 650 BC 600 BC 500 BC 430 BC 400 BC
Anuradhapura 48,000 [12][13]
Anyi 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]
Athens 155,000 [12]
Ayodhya 38,000 [13]
Babylon 100,000[14]

45,000 [13]

 47,000 [13] 60,000 [12] 200,000 [12]
Benares 54,000 [13]
Calah / Nimrud 50,000 [13]
Chicheng 24,000 [13]
Cuicuilco 31,000 [13]
Ecbatana 90,000 [13]
Haoqing / Chang'an / Xi'an 100,000 [14]

55,000 [13]

 125,000 [10] 55,000 [13]

125,000 [10]

 33,000 [12][13]
Hastinapur 30,000 [13] 42,000 [13]
Jerusalem 40,000 [13]
Kerch 33,000 [13]
Kingchow 20,000 [13] 43,000 [13]
Kosambi 55,000 [13]
Kweiteh / Shangqiu 21,000 [13]
Linzi 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]

80,000 [13]

 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10] 200,000 [10]

60,000 [13]

 200,000 [10]
Luoyang 100,000 [15][16]

55,000 [13]

 50,000 [13] 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]

70,000 [13]

 100,000 [10] 200,000 [10] 200,000 [10]

100,000 [13]

 240,000[10]
Marib 45,000 [13]
Memphis 100,000[14]

35,000 [13]

 44,000 [13] 65,000 [12][13] 100,000 [12]
Miletus 50,000 [13]
Niniveh 39,000 [13] 120,000 [12][13]
Pataliputra / Patna 100,000 [12]
Pyongyang 25,000 [13] 25,000 [13]
Qufu 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]
Sais 48,000 [13]
Shangqiu 100,000 [10] 130,000 [10]
Sravasti 46,000 [13]
Susa 25,000 [13]
Suzhou 60,000 [13] 100,000 [10]
Syracuse 125,000 [13]
Thebes 120,000 [14]

60,000 [13]

 60,000 [13]
Vaisali 45,000 [13]
Xiadu 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10] 320,000 [10]

180,000 [13]

 300,000 [10]
Xindian 40,000 [13] 100,000 [10]
Xinzheng 100,000 [10]
Xue 75,000 [13]
Yong 100,000 [10]
Table 2: 300 BC-400 AD
City 300 BC 200 BC 100 BC AD 1 AD 100 AD 200 AD 300 AD 361 AD 400
Alexandria 300,000 [12]

600,000 [10]

 250,000 [13] 125,000 [13]
Antioch 120,000 [12] 150,000 [13] 150,000 [13]
Anuradhapura 68,000 [12][13] 130,000 [12] 72,000 [13]
Anyi 100,000 [10]
Athens 250,000 [12]
Ayodhya 63,000 [13]
Carthage [12] 150,000 100,000
Chang'an / Xi'an 400,000 [12]

100,000 [10]

 400,000 [10] 400,000 [10]

246,000 (AD 2) [17]

 81,000 [12][13]

100,000 [10]

 80,000 [13] 100,000 [10]
Chengdu 100,000 [10] 70,000 [13]
Constantinople 300,000 [13]
Ctesiphon 250,000 [13]
Cuicuilco 36,000 [13]
Datong 100,000 [10]
Ephesus 250,000 [18]
400,000 [19]
Izapa 35,000 [13]
Kaveri 59,000 [13]
Linzi 350,000 [10] 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]
Luoyang 240,000 [10] 60,000 [13] 200,000 [10] 420,000 [10][13] 250,000 [10] 200,000 [10]
Nanjing 56,000 [13] 78,000 [13] 100,000 [10] 150,000 [13] 300,000 [10]
Paithan 60,000 [13] 84,000 [13]
Patala 73,000 [13]
Pataliputra 350,000 [12] 69,000 [12][13] 150,000 [13]
Peshawar [12] 120,000
Pingcheng 88,000 [13]
Pyay 69,000 [13]
Qufu 100,000 [10]
Rome 160,000 [12]

150,000 [13]

 800,000 (AD 2) [10] 450,000 [12]

1,000,000 [10]

 150,000 [13]
Salona 60,000
Seleucia 200,000 [13] 250,000 (AD 2) [12] 150,000 [12]

250,000 [13]
Shangqiu 100,000 [10]
Suzhou 100,000 [10] 66,000 [13] 95,000 [13] 58,000 [13]
Taxila 60,000 [13]
Teotihuacán 60,000-

80,000 [20]

 90,000 [13]
Tres Zapotes 30,000 [13]
Ujjain 94,000 [13] 80,000 [13]
Wanxian 100,000 [10]
Xiadu 300,000 [10]
Xianyang 100,000 [10] 300,000 [12]

100,000 [10]
Xinzheng 120,000 [10]
Ye 120,000 [13] 100,000 [10]
Zadar 1,000-2,000 20,000-25,000

Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages: 500-999 AD
City 500 600 622 700 775 800 900
Aleppo 72,000 [13]
Alexandria 94,000 [13] 175,000 [13]
Angkor 90,000 [13]
Anhilpur 80,000 [13]
Antioch 150,000 [13]
Anuradhapura 70,000 [13]
Ayodhya 75,000 [13]
Badami 70,000 [13]
Baghdad 700,000 [11] 700,000 [13]
2,000,000 [21]		 900,000 [10][12]
2,000,000 [21]
Bakhalal 45,000 [13]
Basra 100,000 [13]
Benares 49,000 [13] 59,000 [13]
Carthage 100,000 [13]
Chang'an / Xi'an 400,000[12]

100,000 [10] 95,000 [13]

 400,000 [10] 400,000 [13] 1,000,000 [10] 1,000,000 [10][12][22] 800,000 [10]

600,000 [13]

 800,000 [12]

500,000 [13] 100,000 [10]
Chengdu 94,000 [13] 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]
Chenla 70,000 [13]
Chunar 72,000 [13]
Constantinople / Istanbul 400,000 [12] 350,000 [13] 225,000 [12] 250,000 [13] 300,000 [12]
Copán 63,000 [13]
Córdoba 160,000 [13] 200,000 [12]
Ctesiphon 400,000 [13] 500,000 [13]
Dali 100,000 [10]

90,000 [13]
Datong 200,000 [10]
El Tajín 40,000 [13] 40,000 [13] 50,000 [13]
Fanyang (Youzhou) 100,000 [10]
Fustat 100,000 [13] 150,000 [13]
Gao 72,000 [13]
Guangzhou 200,000 [10] 200,000 [10]
Gwalior 65,000 [13]
Jiankang 500,000 [10]
Jinyang (Taiyuan) 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]
Kannauj 120,000 [13] 80,000 [13] 80,000 [13]
Kanchi 56,000 [13] 70,000 [13] 51,000 [13]
Kyoto 200,000 [12] 200,000 [13]

100,000 [10]

 200,000 [10][12]
Lhasa 100,000 [10][13]
Luoyang 200,000 [13]

500,000 [10]

 500,000 [10] 200,000 [13] 500,000 [10] 400,000 [10]

300,000 [13]

 200,000 [10]

150,000 [13]
Madurai 70,000 [13] 70,000 [13]
Mandsaur 63,000 [13]
Manyakheta 100,000 [13]
Nanjing 500,000 [10]

150,000 [13]
Nara 100,000 [10]
Patna / Pataliputra 74,000 [13]
Prambanan 60,000 [13] 62,000 [13]
Pyay 73,000 [13] 100,000 [13]
Ray 68,000 [13]
Rome 100,000 [12]
Sialkot 85,000 [13]
Suzhou 70,000 [13] 120,000 [10] 100,000 [10] 100,000 [10]

84,000 [13]

 100,000 [10]

81,000 [13]
Teotihuacán 125,000 [13][20] 60,000 [13]
Tikal 45,000 [13] 40,000 [13]
Tula 41,000 [13] 50,000 [13]
Wuchang 100,000 [10] 84,000 [13]
Ye 200,000 [10]
Later Middle Ages: 1000-1399
City 1000 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350
Angkor 200,000 [13] 125,000 [13] 140,000 [13] 150,000 [13]
Anhilpur 100,000 [13] 100,000 [13] 135,000 [13]
Bagan 100,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 180,000 [13] 180,000 [13]
Baghdad 125,000 [12]

1,200,000 [10]

 150,000 [13] 150,000 [12]

1,000,000 [10]
Beijing 130,000 [13] 140,000 [13] 401,000 [13] 400,000 [13]
Cairo 135,000 [12] 150,000 [13] 175,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 300,000 [13] 400,000 [13] 350,000 [13]
Chang'an / Xi'an 118,000 [13] 114,000 [13]
Chunar 66,000 [13]
Constantinople / Istanbul 300,000 [12] 200,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 100,000 [12]
Córdoba 450,000 [12]
Cuttack 100,000 [13] 90,000 [13] 90,000 [13]
Dali 100,000 [10]

90,000 [13]

 100,000 [13]
Delhi 80,000 [13] 100,000 [13] 125,000 [13]
Dhar 80,000 [13]
Fanyang (Youzhou) 100,000 [10]
Fes 125,000 [13] 160,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 125,000 [13]
Florence 110,000 [23]
Gaur 60,000 [13] 90,000 [13] 100,000 [13]
Genoa 80,000 [23] 100,000 [24]
Guangzhou 140,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 150,000 [13]
Hangzhou 80,000 [13] 90,000 [13] 145,000 [13] 255,000 [13] 1,000,000[10]

320,000 [13]

 432,000 [13] 432,000 [13]
Jinzhou 85,000 [13]
Kaifeng 432,000[12]

400,000 [10][13]

 442,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 1,000,000 [10]
Kalburgi 70,000 [13]
Kalyan 150,000 [13] 125,000 [13]
Kannauj 72,000 [13] 80,000 [13] 92,000 [13]
Khajuraho (Kalinjar) 50,000 [13]
Khambhat 50,000 [13] 60,000 [13]
Kollam 60,000 [13]
Kyoto 300,000 [12]

175,000 [10]
London [25] 5,000-10,000 10,000-20,000 50,000-100,000 25,000-50,000
Madurai 60,000 [13]
Manyakheta 71,000 [13]
Marrakech 150,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 125,000 [13]
Merv 200,000 [13]
Milan 150,000 [23]
Nabadwip 85,000 [13]
Nanjing 130,000 [13] 130,000 [13] 130,000 [13] 95,000 [13]
Nishapur 125,000 [13]
Palermo 150,000 [13]
Paris 80,000 [26]

160,000 [13]

 228,000 [13] 215,000 [13]
Polonnaruwa 75,000 [13]
Puri 78,000 [13] 72,000 [13]
Ramavati 75,000 [13]
Rome 50,000[citation needed]
Sarai 120,000 [13]
Shangjing 140,000 [10]
Suzhou 100,000 [10] 96,000 [13]
Tabriz 125,000 [13] 100,000 [13]
Thanjavur 88,000 [13]
Venice 45,000 [24] 110,000 [13]
Vijayanagar 100,000 [13]
Warangal 63,000 [13] 80,000 [13]
Renaissance: 1400-1599
City 1400 1450 1500 1550 1575
Agra 200,000 [13]
Ahmedabad 100,000 [13] 140,000 [13]
Ahmednagar 70,000 [13]
Bago 150,000 [13] 175,000 [13]
Beijing 150,000 [13] 600,000 [13] 672,000 [11][13]

1,000,000 [10]

 690,000 [13] 706,000 [13]
Bursa 130,000 [13]
Cairo 360,000 [13] 380,000 [13] 400,000 [12] 360,000 [13] 275,000 [13]
Chang'an / Xi'an 127,000 [13]
Constantinople / Istanbul 200,000 [12] 660,000 [13] 680,000 [13]
Cuttack 75,000 [13] 100,000 [13] 140,000 [13] 90,000 [13]
Cusco 50,000 [13]
Delhi 80,000 [13]
Fes 125,000 [13] 130,000 [13]
Florence 45,000 [23] 60,000 [23]
Gao 60,000 [13]
Gaur 150,000 [13] 200,000 [13]
Genoa 80,000 [23] 150,000 [23]
Granada 165,000 [13]
Guangzhou 150,000 [13] 175,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 160,000 [13] 170,000 [13]
Gwalior 80,000 [13]
Hangzhou 1,500,000[10]

235,000 [13]

 250,000 [13] 250,000[12] 260,000 [13] 260,000 [13]
Jaunpur 100,000 [13]
Kalburgi 90,000 [13]
Kano 50,000 [13]
Khambhat 60,000 [13]
Kollam 60,000 [13]
London [25] 50,000-100,000
Mandu 70,000 [13]
Milan 125,000 [24] 80,000 [23]
Nanjing 487,000 [13] 150,000 [13] 157,000 [13] 182,000 [13] 188,000 [13]
Naples 209,000 [13] 215,000 [13]
Oyo-Ile 60,000 [13]
Paris 275,000 [24]

280,000 [13]

 150,000 [13] 185,000 [12] 210,000 [13] 220,000 [13]
Rome 50,000[citation needed]
Samarkand 130,000 [13]
Seoul 125,000 [13]
Suzhou 129,000 [13]
Tabriz 150,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 250,000 [13]
Tenochtitlan 212,500 [27]

80,000 [13]
Texcoco 60,000 [13]
Venice 120,000 [23] 110,000 [24] 171,000 [13]
Vijayanagar 400,000 [13] 455,000 [13] 500,000 [12] 480,000 [13]

Early Modern era

City 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1825 1850 1875
Agra 500,000 [13]
Ahmadabad 380,000 [13]
Amsterdam 60,000[citation needed] 205,000[citation needed] 219,000 [13] 205,000[citation needed]
Ayutthaya 300,000[citation needed] 1,000,000 [10]
Beijing 706,000 [12]

1,000,000 [10]

 470,000 [13] 650,000 [12] 900,000 [13] 1,100,000 [10][12] 1,350,000 [13] 1,648,000 [13]
Berlin 12,000[citation needed] 6,500[28] 70,000[citation needed] 90,000[28] 172,000[28] 419,000[28] 1,122,330 [13]
966,900[28]
Cairo 200,000 [13]
Edo(Tokyo) 60,000 [13] 688,000 [13]

1,000,000 (1721 year)[29]

 1,100,000[12]

685,000 [13]
Esfahān 350,000 [13] 350,000 [13]
Guangzhou 180,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 200,000 [13] 400,000 [13] 1,000,000 [10]

800,000 [13]

 900,000 [13] 875,000 [13]
Hangzhou 270,000 [13] 281,000 [13] 303,000 [13] 340,000 [13] 387,000 [13] 410,000 [13]
Istanbul 650,000[citation needed]

700,000 [13]

 700,000 [13] 700,000 [13] 625,000 [13] 570,000 [13] 675,000 [13] 785,000 [13]
Kagoshima 67,000 [13]
Kanazawa 67,000 [13]
Kyoto 300,000 [13] 400,000+[30]

350,000 [13]

 377,000 [12]
Lahore 360,000 [13]
London 150,000[citation needed]

200,000 [25]

 410,000 [13]

350,000 [25]

 550,000 [13][25] 676,000 [13]

700,000 [25]

 960,000[citation needed]

959,300 (1801) [25] 861,000 [13]

 1,335,000 [13] 2,320,000 [13]

2,363,000 (1851) [25]

 4,241,000 [13]
Madrid 90,000[citation needed] 125,000[citation needed] 180,000[citation needed]
Milan [24] 150,000 125,000 160,000
Moscow 100,000[citation needed] 150,000[citation needed] 200,000[citation needed]

248,000 [13]
Nagoya 65,000 [13] 92,000 [13]
Nanjing 194,000 [13] 178,000 [13]
Naples 224,000 [13] 207,000 [24] 310,000 [13] 430,000 [13] 350,000 [13]
New York City 1,900,000 [13]
Osaka 360,000 [13] 350,000+[30]

380,000 [13]

 383,000 [12]
Paris 325,000[citation needed]

245,000 [13]

 455,000 [13] 600,000[citation needed]

530,000 [13]

 556,000 [13] 547,000 [13] 855,000 [13] 1,314,000 [13] 2,250,000 [13]
Rome 100,000[citation needed] 150,000 [24] 163,000[citation needed]
Saint Petersburg 438,000 [13] 1,035,000
Seoul 150,000 [13] 158,000 [13] 187,000 [13]
Sunpu 100,000 [13]
Suzhou 243,000 [13] 302,000 [13]
Venice [24] 180,000 145,000 160,000
Vienna 80,000[citation needed] 100,000[citation needed] 175,000[citation needed] 225,000[citation needed] 1,020,000 [13]
Xi'an 138,000 [13] 167,000 [13] 195,000 [13] 224,000 [13] 259,000 [13]
Yamaguchi 80,000 [13]

20th century

City 1900 1950 2000
Bangkok 300,000 1,200,000 9,320,000
Berlin 2.071.257 4,338,756 4,101,000
Buenos Aires 950,891 4,618,255 11,460,575
Chicago 1,698,575 4,900,000 8,300,000
Istanbul 942,900 983,041 10,018,735
London 6,506,954 8,196,978 8,250,000
Los Angeles 102,479 3,500,000 11,500,000
Madrid 575,675 1,553,338 5,285,242
Mexico City 400,000 2,883,000 19,400,000
Moscow 1,175,000 4,847,000 10,126,424
New York City 4,200,000 12,300,000 17,800,000
Osaka 6,177,000 (1920) 9,000,000 18,643,915
Paris 3,750,000 6,150,000 9,700,000
Saint Petersburg 1,439,400 2,691,000 4,200,000
São Paulo 239,820 2,700,000 (1954) 18,500,000
Shanghai 1,000,000 5,406,000 [12] 16,738,000
Tokyo 1,497,000 13,051,000 34,671,612
Vienna 1,769,137 1,616,125 1,550,000

21st century

See List of cities by population for current data.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Yuri E. Berezkin: http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/afr/projects/BOOK/berez.pdf
  2. ^ a b World Prehistory: Class 9 Jericho and Çatal Hüyük
  3. ^ Л.Панченко. Паланка (історико-краєзнавчий нарис). Умань. 2003 ISBN 966-7659-30-5
  4. ^ Шмаглій М. М., Дудкін В. П. Зіньковський К. В. Про комплексне вивчення трипільських поселень. Археологія № 10. Київ. 1973
  5. ^ А.І.Кузьмінський, Г. В. Суховершко, В. Я. Чудновський. Наш рідний край. Хрестоматія з історії Черкащини. Київ. 1993
  6. ^ Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski'w text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kiev, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).
  7. ^ http://www.trypillia.com/articles/eng/se1.shtml http://webpages.charter.net/anthropogene/arc_vol1_is9.html
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd George Modelski, "Cities of the Ancient World: An Inventory (-3500 to -1200)".
  9. ^ a b Encyclopædia Britannica. The Indus Civilization - Population.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 2-00309-499-4. See also Evolutionary World Politics Homepage.
  11. ^ a b c Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck Tertius Chandler. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census (1987), St. David's University Press (etext.org). ISBN 0-88946-207-0.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq Site with some numbers from Chandler, some from other places
  14. ^ a b c d Modelski’s list of the world’s largest cities treats Thebes and Haoqing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haoqing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).
  15. ^ Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).
  16. ^ When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).
  17. ^ zh:汉书
  18. ^ populations of Ephesus
  19. ^ [Strabo . Geography (volume 1-7) 14.1.24. Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press]
  20. ^ a b Teotihuacan Introduction
  21. ^ a b Trudy Ring, Robert M. Salkin, K. A. Berney, Paul E. Schellinger (1996), International dictionary of historic places, Volume 4: Middle East and Africa, Taylor and Francis, p. 116 
  22. ^ Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i M. Ginatempo L. Sandri “L’Italia delle Città. Sec XIII XVI” Le Lettere 1990
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i P.M. Hoenberg L.Hollen Lees : “The Making of Urban Europe 1000-1950” Harvard University Press 1985
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h History_of_London#Population
  26. ^ Cadre histoire
  27. ^ José Luis de Rojas, "México Tenochtitlan: Economía y sociedad en el siglo XVI", 1986
  28. ^ a b c d e "Population statistics: historical demography". http://www.populstat.info/. 
  29. ^ Gordon, Andrew: "A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present". Oxford University Press, 2003. p23. (As of 1721).
  30. ^ a b Sansom, George (1963). "A History of Japan: 1615-1867." Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p113. Note: These figures exclude military (samurai) population, which could account for a considerable portion of the population.


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