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IRT Lexington Avenue Line
Services that use the IRT Lexington Avenue Line have been colored green since 1979. The original IRT numbering system provided for 4, 5, and 6 on the line.
Overview
Type	Rapid transit line
System	New York City Subway
Status	Operational
Locale	Manhattan, New York City, NY
Termini	125th Street South Ferry
Stations	27 (23 in use)
Services	1
Daily ridership	1.3 million (about 338 million annually)
Operation
Opened	27 October 1904
Owner	City of New York
Operator(s)	New York City Transit Authority
Rolling stock	R142 R142A
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification	600V DC third rail

The Lexington Avenue Line is one of the lines of the IRT division of the New York City Subway, stretching from Downtown Brooklyn or Lower Manhattan north to 125th Street in East Harlem.^[1] The portion in Lower and Midtown Manhattan was part of the first subway line in New York. The line is served by 4, 5, and 6 trains.

The line is also known as the IRT East Side Line, as it is currently the only line in Manhattan to directly serve the Upper East Side and East Midtown; this four-track line is the most used rapid transit line in the United States. Its average of 1.3 million daily riders is "more than the combined ridership of San Francisco and Boston's entire transit systems" (Second Avenue Subway FEIS, p. 1–6). Its ridership also exceeds that of the 798,456 daily trips on the entire Washington Metro.^{[2 ]} Construction has started on the Second Avenue Line to alleviate the severe overcrowding caused by the Lexington Avenue Line's high usage.

Several stations along this line have been abandoned. When platforms were lengthened to fit ten cars, it was deemed most beneficial to close these stations and open new entrances for adjacent stations. For example, 14th Street–Union Square has an entrance on 16th Street, the 18th Street station was abandoned because of the proximity to both 14th Street–Union Square and 23rd Street.

Extent and service

Services that use the Lexington Avenue Line are colored green. The following services use part or all of the Lexington Avenue Line:

IRT Lexington Avenue Line

Legend IRT Jerome Avenue and Pelham Lines Lexington Avenue Tunnel 125th Street 116th Street 110th Street 103rd Street 96th Street 86th Street 77th Street 68th Street – Hunter College 63rd Street Line 59th Street / BMT Broadway Line IND Queens Boulevard Line 51st Street 42nd Street Shuttle Grand Central – 42nd Street / IRT Flushing Line 33rd Street 28th Street 23rd Street 18th Street 14th Street – Union Square / BMT Canarsie Line Astor Place Bleecker Street IND Sixth Avenue Line Spring Street Canal Street / BMT Broadway Line Worth Street Brooklyn Bridge – City Hall City Hall IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line Fulton Street Wall Street BMT Broadway Line Bowling Green (shuttle platform and mainline) IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line South Ferry (inner loop) South Ferry (outer loop) Joralemon Street Tunnel IRT Eastern Parkway Line

The Lexington Avenue Line begins at the inner loop at South Ferry station, which is currently used to turn 5 trains, evenings and weekends. North of the station is a merge with the tracks of the Joralemon Street Tunnel from Brooklyn, which become the express tracks. These run north under Broadway and Park Row to Centre Street. At the south end of Center Street, directly under New York City Hall, is the City Hall Loop and its abandoned station, which was the southern terminus of the original IRT subway line. The loop is still used to turn 6 service; the Lexington Avenue local tracks, which feed the loop, rise up to join the express tracks just south of Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall station.

From Brooklyn Bridge, the line continues northward in a four-across track layout under Centre Street, Lafayette Street, Fourth Avenue, and Park Avenue South until 42nd Street. At this point, the beginning of Metro-North Railroad's Park Avenue tunnel in Grand Central Terminal forces the Lexington Avenue Line to shift slightly eastward to Lexington Avenue; its 42nd Street–Grand Central station is located on the diagonal between Park and Lexington. Just south of Grand Central, a single non-revenue track connects the IRT 42nd Street Shuttle to the southbound local track; this was part of the original IRT subway alignment.

Under Lexington Avenue, the line assumes a two-over-two track configuration, with the local tracks running on the upper level and the express on the lower, although it briefly returns to a four-across layout between 96th Street and 116th Street stations. 125th Street station maintains this two-over-two layout, although here the upper level is used by northbound trains (both local and express) and the lower level by southbound trains (again, both local and express). North of 125th Street, a flying junction marks the end of the line, where it splits into the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 and 5) and the IRT Pelham Line (6 and <6>).

History

1st earth from Lexington Avenue subway line in 1913

The part of the line from City Hall to just south of 42nd Street was part of the original IRT line, opened on October 27, 1904. An extension to Fulton Street opened at 12:01 a.m. on January 16, 1905. The next station, Wall Street, was opened on June 12, 1905.^[3]

The first revenue train on the South Ferry extension left South Ferry at 11:59 p.m. on July 9, 1905; the extension of the IRT White Plains Road Line to West Farms opened just after. The first train ran through the Joralemon Street Tunnel to Brooklyn about 12:45 a.m. on January 9, 1908.

The original plan for what became the extension north of 42nd Street was to continue it south through Irving Place and into what is now the BMT Broadway Line at Ninth Street and Broadway. Contracts awarded on July 21, 1911 included Section 6 between 26th Street and 40th Street; at the time, the IRT had withdrawn from the talks, and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) was to operate on Lexington Avenue. The IRT submitted an offer for what became its portion of the Dual Contracts on February 27, 1912,^[4] and construction was soon halted on Section 6.^[5]

The rest of the line, north to 125th Street, opened on July 17, 1918. However, until the evening of August 1, 1918, it ran as a shuttle on the local tracks only, terminating at 42nd Street and at 167th Street on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (where the connection from the elevated IRT Ninth Avenue Line merged). On August 1, service patterns were changed, and the Lexington Avenue Line became a through route. The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line also switched from shuttle operation at that time, and the IRT 42nd Street Shuttle was formed along the old connection between the sides. Due to the shape of the system, it was referred to as the "H system". Also on August 1, the first section of the IRT Pelham Line opened to Third Avenue–138th Street.

Station listing

Station service legend
	Stops all times
	Stops all times except late nights
	Stops late nights only
	Stops weekdays only
	Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
	Stops rush hours only
	Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details

	Station	Tracks	Services	Opened	Transfers and notes
Begins as a merge of the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4  5 ) and IRT Pelham Line (6  <6>).
	125th Street	all	4  5  6  <6>	July 17, 1918	Connection to Metro-North Railroad at Harlem–125th Street
	116th Street	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	110th Street	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	103rd Street	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	96th Street	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	86th Street	all	4  5  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	77th Street	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	68th Street – Hunter College	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918
	59th Street	all	4  5  6  <6>	July 17, 1918 (1962, express)	N  R  W  (BMT Broadway Line at Lexington Avenue) MetroCard-only transfer to F  (IND 63rd Street Line at Lexington Avenue–63rd Street) Roosevelt Island Tramway This station was originally a local station. The lower level for express trains was opened in 1962.
	51st Street	local	4  6  <6>	July 17, 1918	E  V  (IND Queens Boulevard Line at Lexington Avenue–53rd Street)
	Grand Central–42nd Street	all	4  5  6  <6>	July 17, 1918	7  <7> (IRT Flushing Line) S  (42nd Street Shuttle) Connection to Metro-North Railroad at Grand Central Terminal
merge on southbound local track to IRT 42nd Street Shuttle (no regular service)
	33rd Street	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904
	28th Street	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904
	23rd Street	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904
	18th Street	local		October 27, 1904	closed November 7, 1948
	14th Street–Union Square	all	4  5  6  <6>	October 27, 1904	L  (BMT Canarsie Line) N  Q  R  W  (BMT Broadway Line) originally 14th Street
	Astor Place	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904
	Bleecker Street	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904	B  D  F  V  (Sixth Avenue Line at Broadway–Lafayette Street; transfer from downtown platform only)
	Spring Street	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904	Abandoned trackway exists between express tracks
	Canal Street	local	4  6  <6>	October 27, 1904	N  Q  R  W  (BMT Broadway main line) N  Q  (Manhattan Bridge) J  M  Z  (BMT Nassau Street Line)
	Worth Street	local		October 27, 1904	closed September 1, 1962
	Brooklyn Bridge – City Hall	all	4  5  6  <6>	October 27, 1904	J  M  Z  (BMT Nassau Street Line at Chambers Street) originally Brooklyn Bridge, then Brooklyn Bridge–Worth Street
local tracks split from express tracks; local trains short turn (6  <6>)
	City Hall	loop		October 27, 1904	Closed December 31, 1945; currently used for local trains to short turn with no station stop. Lexington Avenue Line local trains stopped at station from 1904 to 1945 except late nights, when trains continued to South Ferry.
express trains continue (4  5 )
	Fulton Street	express	4  5	January 16, 1905	A  C  (IND Eighth Avenue Line at Broadway–Nassau Street) J  M  Z  (BMT Nassau Street Line) 2  3  (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) Connection to PATH at World Trade Center
	Wall Street	express	4  5	June 12, 1905
	Bowling Green	express	4  5	July 10, 1905
Splits to Brooklyn via the Joralemon Street Tunnel (4  5 ) to become the IRT Eastern Parkway Line Express tracks
express train short turn (5 )
	South Ferry	both loops		July 10, 1905	Inner platform closed February 12, 1977; currently used for express trains to short turn with no station stop. Lexington Avenue Line trains used the outer platform from July 10, 1905 to July 1, [[1918] and from 1950 to February 12, 1977. The outer platform closed on March 16, 2009; which allows Lexington Avenue Line trains to again use both loop tracks.

References

External links

• nycsubway.org — IRT East Side Line

Further reading

• "Fulton St. Trains Monday," New York Times, January 14, 1905, p. 5
• "Subway at Fulton Street Busy," New York Times, January 17, 1905, p. 9
• "Subway Trains Run Again This Morning," New York Times, June 13, 1905, p. 1
• "Subway Trains Running from Bronx to Battery," New York Times, July 10, 1905, p. 1
• "Subway to Brooklyn Opened for Traffic," New York Times, January 9, 1908, p. 1
• "Lexington Av. Line to be Opened Today," New York Times, July 7, 1918, p. 13
• "Open New Subway Lines to Traffic; Called a Triumph," New York Times, August 2, 1918, p. 1
• "Old City Hall Station of IRT to Close Monday," New York Times, December 27, 1945, p. 24
• "IRT Station to be Closed," New York Times, November 6, 1948, p. 29
• "New Platform for IRT Locals at Brooklyn Bridge to End Jams," New York Times, September 1, 1962, p. 42
• "M.T.A. Expected to Save Franklin Avenue Shuttle, Once an Austerity Target," New York Times, February 10, 1977, p. 27