Immigration to Spain: Wikis

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Immigration in Spain by country

The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s. The birth rate then plunged by the 1980s, and Spain's population became stagnant, its demographics showing one of the lowest sub replacement fertility rate in the world, only second to Japan's.. Many demographers have linked Spain's very low fertility rate to the country's lack of any real family planning policy. Spain is the Western European country that spends the least on family support (0.5% of GDP). A graphic illustration of the enormous social gulf between Spain and the other countries of Europe in this field is the fact that a Spanish family would need to have 57 children to enjoy the same financial support as a family with 3 children in Luxembourg.

In emigration/immigration terms and after centuries of net emigration, Spain has recently experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history. According to the Spanish government, there were 4,145,000 foreign residents in Spain in January 2007. Of these, well over half a million were Moroccan while the Ecuadorians figure was around half a million as well. Romanian and Colombian populations amounted to around 300,000 each. There are also a significant number of British (274,000 as of 2006) and German (133,588) citizens, mainly in Alicante, Málaga provinces, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands. Chinese in Spain are estimated to number between 10 to 60,000, and South East Asian groups such as Filipinos -whose country was a former Spanish possession- created a small community in Spain. Immigrants from several sub-Saharan African countries have also settled in Spain as contract workers, although they represent only 4.08% of all the foreign residents in the country.

During the early twenty first century, the average year-on-year demographic growth set a new record with its 2003 peak variation of 2.1%, doubling the previous record reached back in the 1960s when a mean year on year growth of 1% was experienced.^[1] This trend is far from being reversed at the present moment and, in 2005 alone, the immigrant population of Spain increased by 700 000 people.^[2]

1 Currently
2 Immigrants from the European Union
3 Major immigration
4 From other countries - Europe
5 From other countries - Africa
6 From other countries - Central America
7 From other countries - North America
8 From other countries - Asia
9 From other countries - Oceania
10 References
11 External links

Currently

Foreign population in Spain^[3]
Year	Population	% total
1981	198,042	0.52%
1986	241,971	0.63%
1991	360,655	0.91%
1996	542,314	1.37%
1998	637,085	1.60%
2000	923,879	2.28%
2001	1,370,657	3.33%
2002	1,977,946	4.73%
2003	2,664,168	6.24%
2004	3,034,326	7.02%
2005	3,730,610	8.46%
2006	4,144,166	9.27%
2007	4,519,554	9.99%
2008	5,220,600	11.3%

According to the Spanish government, there were 4.5 million foreign residents in Spain in 2007; independent estimates put the figure at 4.8 million or 15.1% of total population (Red Cross, World Disasters Report 2006). According to residence permit data for 2007, around 500,000 were Moroccan, another half a million were Ecuadorian and Romanians, 260,000 were Colombian. Other important foreign communities are British (8.09%), French (8.03%), Argentine (6.10%), German (5.58%) and Bolivian (2.63%). In 2005, a regularization programme increased the legal immigrant population by 700,000 people. Since 2000 Spain has experienced high population growth as a result of immigration flows, despite a birth rate that is only half of the replacement level. This sudden and ongoing inflow of immigrants, particularly those arriving clandestinely by sea, has caused noticeable social tensions.

Spain currently has the second highest immigration rates within the EU, just after Cyprus, and the second highest absolute net migration in the World (after the USA).^[4] This can be explained by a number of reasons including its geographical position, the porosity of its borders, the large size of its underground economy and the strength of the agricultural and construction sectors which demand more low cost labour than can be offered by the national workforce. In fact, booming Spain was Europe's largest absorber of migrants from 2002 to 2007, with its immigrant population more than doubling as 2.5 million people arrived.

Over 920,000 immigrants arrived in Spain during 2007, on top of the 802,971 new arrivals in 2006, 682,711 new arrivals in 2005, and 645,844 new arrivals in 2004.^[5]

Although the number of immigrants in Spain, officially, is smaller to the one of other countries of the EU, it is necessary to consider a series of data:

-The immigrants coming from the South America can obtain the Spanish nationality when residing 2 years in Spain, reason why they stop consisting like immigrants.

-Spain automatically grants the Spanish nationality to the children of immigrants born in Spain who do not ask for the nationality of origin of their parents, unlike other countries of the EU that do not do it. It is for this reason of which although the South-American immigrants of origin are most numerous, the Rumanians or the Moroccans are surpassed in the official statistics by.

In the same way the majority of children born in Spain between 2000 and 2010 is children of immigrants in spite of not consisting like so. Considering these data, there are sectors of spanish society opposite to immigration, that affirm the real number of immigrants in Spain is of 10-11 million, supposing 25% of the total population.

Immigrants from the European Union

Immigrants from the European Union make up a growing proportion of immigrants in Spain. They mainly come from countries like Romania, the United Kingdom, and Germany, but the British case is of especial relevance due to its magnitude. The British authorities estimate that the real population of UK citizens living in Spain is much bigger than Spanish official figures suggest, establishing them at about 1,000,000, about 800,000 being permanent residents.^[6]

In fact, according to the Financial Times, Spain is the most favoured destination for West Europeans considering to move from their own country and seek jobs elsewhere in the EU.^[7]

Major immigration

Origin	2008	2007	2006	2001	Growth 2001-2006	% Change	Article
Romania	&0000000000728967.000000728,967	&0000000000527019.000000527,019	&0000000000407159.000000407,159	&0000000000031641.00000031,641	&0000000000375518.000000375,518	+1,187%	Romanians in Spain
Morocco	&0000000000644688.000000644,688	&0000000000582923.000000582,923	&0000000000563012.000000563,012	&0000000000233415.000000233,415	&0000000000329597.000000329,597	+141%	Moroccans in Spain
Ecuador	&0000000000420110.000000420,110	&0000000000427099.000000427,099	&0000000000461310.000000461,310	&0000000000139022.000000139,022	&0000000000322288.000000322,288	+232%	Ecuadorians in Spain
United Kingdom	&0000000000351919.000000351,919	&0000000000314951.000000314,951	&0000000000274722.000000274,722	&0000000000107326.000000107,326	&0000000000167396.000000167,396	+156%	British migration to Spain
Colombia	&0000000000280705.000000280,705	&0000000000261542.000000261,542	&0000000000265141.000000265,141	&0000000000087209.00000087,209	&0000000000177932.000000177,932	+204%	Colombians in Spain
Bolivia	&0000000000239942.000000239,942	&0000000000200496.000000200,496	&0000000000139802.000000139,802	&0000000000006619.0000006,619	&0000000000133183.000000133,183	+2,012%	Bolivians in Spain
Germany	&0000000000180650.000000180,650	&0000000000164405.000000164,405	&0000000000150490.000000150,490	&0000000000099217.00000099,217	&0000000000051273.00000051,273	+52%	Germans in Spain
Italy	&0000000000157435.000000157,435	&0000000000135108.000000135,108	&0000000000115791.000000115,791	&0000000000034689.00000034,689	&0000000000081102.00000081,102	+234%	Italians in Spain
Bulgaria	&0000000000153664.000000153,664	&0000000000122057.000000122,057	&0000000000101617.000000101,617	&0000000000012035.00000012,035	&0000000000089582.00000089,582	+744%	Bulgarians in Spain
Argentina	&0000000000145315.000000145,315	&0000000000141159.000000141,159	&0000000000150252.000000150,252	&0000000000032429.00000032,429	&0000000000117823.000000117,823	+363%	Argentines in Spain
China	&0000000000144022.000000144,022	&0000000000106652.000000106,652	&0000000000104681.000000104,681	&0000000000027574.00000027,574	&0000000000077107.00000077,107	+280%	Chinese people in Spain
Portugal	&0000000000126651.000000126,651	&0000000000100616.000000100,616	&0000000000080635.00000080,635	&0000000000047064.00000047,064	&0000000000033571.00000033,571	+71%	Portuguese people in Spain
Peru	&0000000000120272.000000120,272	&0000000000103650.000000103,650	&0000000000095903.00000095,903	&0000000000034975.00000034,975	&0000000000060928.00000060,928	+174%	Peruvians in Spain
Brazil	&0000000000115390.000000115,390	&0000000000090161.00000090,161	&0000000000072441.00000072,441	&0000000000017078.00000017,078	&0000000000055363.00000055,363	+324%	Brazilian people in Spain
France	&0000000000112349.000000112,349	&0000000000100408.000000100,408	&0000000000090021.00000090,021	&0000000000051582.00000051,582	&0000000000038439.00000038,439	+75%	French people in Spain
Poland	&0000000000078305.00000078,305	&0000000000061464.00000061,464	&0000000000045797.00000045,797	&0000000000013469.00000013,469	&0000000000032328.00000032,328	+240%	Poles in Spain
Ukraine	&0000000000077713.00000077,713	&0000000000069983.00000069,983	&0000000000069893.00000069,893	&0000000000010318.00000010,318	&0000000000059575.00000059,575	+577%	Ukrainians in Spain
Dominican Republic	&0000000000076954.00000076,954	&0000000000065119.00000065,119	&0000000000061071.00000061,071	&0000000000031153.00000031,153	&0000000000029918.00000029,918	+96%	Dominicans in Spain
Paraguay	&0000000000066710.00000066,710	&0000000000046238.00000046,238	&0000000000028587.00000028,587	&0000000000000928.000000928	&0000000000027659.00000027,659	+2,980%	Paraguayans in Spain
Venezuela	&0000000000057679.00000057,679	&0000000000051481.00000051,481	&0000000000051261.00000051,261	&0000000000016549.00000016,549	&0000000000034712.00000034,712	+210%	Venezuelans in Spain
Algeria	&0000000000051145.00000051,145	&0000000000045813.00000045,813	&0000000000047079.00000047,079	&0000000000018265.00000018,265	&0000000000028814.00000028,814	+158%	Algerians in Spain
Cuba	&0000000000050322.00000050,322	&0000000000045698.00000045,698	&0000000000044739.00000044,739	&0000000000024534.00000024,534	&0000000000020205.00000020,205	+82%	Cubans in Spain
Uruguay	&0000000000049970.00000049,970	&0000000000046069.00000046,069	&0000000000045508.00000045,508	&0000000000006828.0000006,828	&0000000000038680.00000038,680	+566%	Uruguayans in Spain
Netherlands	&0000000000049222.00000049,222	&0000000000044398.00000044,398	&0000000000039484.00000039,484	&0000000000023146.00000023,146	&0000000000016338.00000016,338	+71%	Dutch people in Spain
Pakistan	&0000000000046649.00000046,649	&0000000000042105.00000042,105	&0000000000042138.00000042,138	&0000000000008274.0000008,274	&0000000000033864.00000033,864	+409%	Pakistanis in Spain
Senegal	&0000000000046077.00000046,077	&0000000000036955.00000036,955	&0000000000035079.00000035,079	&0000000000010627.00000010,627	&0000000000024452.00000024,452	+230%	Senegalese people in Spain
Chile	&0000000000045515.00000045,515	&0000000000040844.00000040,844	&0000000000039704.00000039,704	&0000000000011674.00000011,674	&0000000000028030.00000028,030	+240%	Chileans in Spain
Russia	&0000000000043615.00000043,615	&0000000000039798.00000039,798	&0000000000039904.00000039,904	&0000000000010047.00000010,047	&0000000000029857.00000029,857	+297%	Russians in Spain
Nigeria	&0000000000036943.00000036,943	&0000000000032119.00000032,119	&0000000000031588.00000031,588	&0000000000007598.0000007,598	&0000000000023990.00000023,990	+316%	Nigerians in Spain
Belgium	&0000000000033827.00000033,827	&0000000000031412.00000031,412	&0000000000029526.00000029,526	&0000000000019869.00000019,869	&0000000000009657.0000009,657	+44%	Belgians in Spain
TOTAL	&0000000005220600.0000005,220,600	&0000000004519554.0000004,519,554	&0000000004144166.0000004,144,166	&0000000001370657.0000001,370,657	&0000000002773509.0000002,773,509	+202%

(2007dates) [13]
[14]

From other countries - Europe

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Albania	&0000000000001353.0000001,353	&0000000000001316.0000001,316	–	–	–
Andorra	&0000000000001022.0000001,022	&0000000000001075.0000001,075	–	–	–
Armenia	&0000000000009582.0000009,582	&0000000000009365.0000009,365	–	–	–
Austria	&0000000000008651.0000008,651	&0000000000007776.0000007,776	–	–	–
Belarus	&0000000000003135.0000003,135	&0000000000003262.0000003,262	–	–	–
Bosnia and Herzegovina	&0000000000001659.0000001,659	&0000000000001827.0000001,827	–	–	–
Croatia	&0000000000001649.0000001,649	&0000000000001788.0000001,788	–	–	–
Cyprus	&0000000000000146.000000146	&0000000000000130.000000130	–	–	–
Czech Republic	&0000000000006423.0000006,423	&0000000000005160.0000005,160	–	–	–
Denmark	&0000000000010906.00000010,906	&0000000000009977.0000009,977	–	–	–
Estonia	&0000000000000984.000000984	&0000000000000784.000000784	–	–	–
Finland	&0000000000009990.0000009,990	&0000000000009313.0000009,313	–	–	–
Georgia	&0000000000007355.0000007,355	&0000000000006284.0000006,284	–	–	–
Greece	&0000000000003567.0000003,567	&0000000000003027.0000003,027	–	–	–
Hungary	&0000000000004597.0000004,597	&0000000000003344.0000003,344	–	–	–
Iceland	&0000000000001083.0000001,083	&0000000000000920.000000920	–	–	–
Ireland	&0000000000013279.00000013,279	&0000000000011495.00000011,495	–	–	–
Latvia	&0000000000002128.0000002,128	&0000000000001741.0000001,741	–	–	–
Liechtenstein	&0000000000000048.00000048	&0000000000000117.000000117	–	–	–
Lithuania	&0000000000018528.00000018,528	&0000000000015200.00000015,200	–	–	–
Luxembourg	&0000000000000562.000000562	&0000000000001336.0000001,336	–	–	–
Macedonia	&0000000000000407.000000407	&0000000000000440.000000440	–	–	–
Malta	&0000000000000152.000000152	&0000000000000129.000000129	–	–	–
Moldova	&0000000000012801.00000012,801	&0000000000011330.00000011,330	–	–	–
Norway	&0000000000015630.00000015,630	&0000000000014154.00000014,154	–	–	–
Serbia	&0000000000003133.0000003,133	&0000000000003474.0000003,474	–	–	–
Slovakia	&0000000000005999.0000005,999	&0000000000004515.0000004,515	–	–	–
Slovenia	&0000000000000799.000000799	&0000000000000619.000000619	–	–	–
Sweden	&0000000000020058.00000020,058	&0000000000018096.00000018,096	–	–	–
Switzerland	&0000000000016361.00000016,361	&0000000000015385.00000015,385	–	–	–
Turkey	&0000000000001758.0000001,758	&0000000000001656.0000001,656	–	–	–
Rest of European countries	&0000000000000066.00000066	&0000000000000083.00000083	–	–	–
TOTAL EUROPE	&0000000001895727.0000001,895,727	&0000000001609856.0000001,609,856	–	–	–

From other countries - Africa

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Angola	&0000000000002114.0000002,114	&0000000000003698.0000003,698	–	–	–
Cape Verde	&0000000000002998.0000002,998	&0000000000003611.0000003,611	–	–	–
Cameroon	&0000000000004029.0000004,029	&0000000000003955.0000003,955	–	–	–
Republic of the Congo	&0000000000001801.0000001,801	&0000000000001888.0000001,888	–	–	–
Côte d'Ivoire	&0000000000001636.0000001,636	&0000000000001759.0000001,759	–	–	–
Egypt	&0000000000002566.0000002,566	&0000000000003634.0000003,634	–	–	–
Gambia	&0000000000017393.00000017,393	&0000000000013627.00000013,627	–	–	–
Ghana	&0000000000012699.00000012,699	&0000000000013133.00000013,133	–	–	–
Guinea	&0000000000009159.0000009,159	&0000000000009901.0000009,901	–	–	–
Equatorial Guinea	&0000000000013129.00000013,129	&0000000000019456.00000019,456	–	–	–
Guinea-Bissau	&0000000000005229.0000005,229	&0000000000005274.0000005,274	–	–	–
Liberia	&0000000000000581.000000581	&0000000000001167.0000001,167	–	–	–
Mali	&0000000000017094.00000017,094	&0000000000014497.00000014,497	–	–	–
Mauritania	&0000000000009271.0000009,271	&0000000000009308.0000009,308	–	–	–
DR Congo	&0000000000001008.0000001,008	&0000000000001548.0000001,548	–	–	–
Sierra Leone	&0000000000000989.000000989	&0000000000001487.0000001,487	–	–	–
South Africa	&0000000000000704.000000704	&0000000000002086.0000002,086	–	–	–
Tunisia	&0000000000001544.0000001,544	&0000000000002194.0000002,194	–	–	–
Rest of African countries	&0000000000005041.0000005,041	&0000000000008679.0000008,679	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000000806.795000806.795	–	–	–

Source: [15]

From other countries - Central America

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Costa Rica	&0000000000001320.0000001,320	&0000000000002373.0000002,373	–	–	–
El Salvador	&0000000000003795.0000003,795	&0000000000005102.0000005,102	–	–	–
Guatemala	&0000000000002417.0000002,417	&0000000000004321.0000004,321	–	–	–
Honduras	&0000000000014253.00000014,253	&0000000000010652.00000010,652	–	–	–
Nicaragua	&0000000000004547.0000004,547	&0000000000004204.0000004,204	–	–	–
Panama	&0000000000001794.0000001,794	&0000000000003520.0000003,520	–	–	–
Rest of Central America countries	&0000000000001002.0000001,002	&0000000000002517.0000002,517	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000000139.945000139.945	–	–	–

From other countries - North America

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Canada	&0000000000002419.0000002,419	&0000000000005420.0000005,420	–	–	–
United States	&0000000000022082.00000022,082	&0000000000032626.00000032,626	–	–	–
Mexico	&0000000000021107.00000021,107	&0000000000040574.00000040,574	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000000045.60800045.608	–	–	–

From other countries - Asia

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change	Article
Bangladesh	&0000000000006480.0000006,480	&0000000000006130.0000006,130	–	–	–	–
South Korea	&0000000000022465.00000022,465	&0000000000013144.00000013,144	–	–	–	Koreans in Spain
Philippines	&0000000000054385.00000054,385	&0000000000051368.00000051,368	–	–	–	Filipino Spaniards
India	&0000000000021296.00000021,296	&0000000000023296.00000023,296	–	–	–	–
Iran	&0000000000012334.00000012,334	&0000000000004568.0000004,568	–	–	–	Iranians in Spain
Iraq	&0000000000000880.000000880	&0000000000001706.0000001,706	–	–	–	–
Israel	&0000000000001713.0000001,713	&0000000000002427.0000002,427	–	–	–	–
Japan	&0000000000011636.00000011,636	&0000000000007684.0000007,684	–	–	–	Japanese Spaniards
Jordan	&0000000000001088.0000001,088	&0000000000002082.0000002,082	–	–	–	–
Lebanon	&0000000000006250.0000006,250	&0000000000002750.0000002,750	–	–	–	–
Syria	&0000000000006129.0000006,129	&0000000000004575.0000004,575	–	–	–	–
Rest of Asian countries	&0000000000006430.0000006,430	&0000000000002517.0000002,517	–	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000000219.843000219.843	–	–	–	–

From other countries - Oceania

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Australia	&0000000000001455.0000001,455	&0000000000005131.0000005,131	–	–	–
Rest of Oceania countries	&0000000000000816.000000816	&0000000000001099.0000001,099	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000000002.2710002.271	–	–	–

References

^ Official report on Spanish recent Macroeconomics, including data and comments on immigration
^ Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Evolution of the foreign population in Spain since 1998 [1]
^ Fuente: para los años 1981, 1986 y 1991, los datos se refieren tan sólo a extranjeros con permiso de residencia a 31 de diciembre y proceden del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, citado en [2] (tomando, para el porcentaje de 1986, la población española de hecho según la estimación intercensal del INE para el 1 de julio [3]). Para los datos de 1996 y posteriores, todos los datos proceden del INE [4]
^ Eurostat - Population in Europe in 2005
^ Kern, Soeren (2009-05-13), "Immigration Policy a Casualty of Unemployment in Spain", World Politics Review, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/article.aspx?id=3750, retrieved 2009-06-29
^ [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
^ [12]

External links

ASESER Teranga: Asociación de Inmigrantes Senegaleses Residentes en A Coruña

Immigration to Spain

Africa	Cape Verde · Morocco

Americas	Argentina · Brazil · Colombia · Chile · Ecuador · Peru · Venezuela

Asia	China · India · Iran · Japan · Korea · Pakistan · Philippines

Europe	Armenia · Bulgaria · Romania · Russia · Turkey · United Kingdom

See also	Demographics of Spain

Immigration to Europe

Sovereign states	Albania · Andorra · Armenia¹ · Austria · Azerbaijan² · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus¹ · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia² · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan³ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia³ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey³ · Ukraine · United Kingdom (England • Northern Ireland • Scotland • Wales)

States with limited recognition	Abkhazia² · Kosovo · Nagorno-Karabakh¹ · Northern Cyprus¹ · South Ossetia² · Transnistria

Other entities	·

Dependencies, autonomies, other territories	Adjara¹ · Adygea · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Bashkortostan · Chechnya · Chuvashia · Crimea · Dagestan · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Ingushetia · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kabardino-Balkaria · Kalmykia · Karachay-Cherkessia · Republic of Karelia · Komi Republic · Madeira · Isle of Man · Mari El · Mordovia · Nakhchivan¹ · North Ossetia-Alania · Srpska Republic · Svalbard · Tatarstan · Udmurtia · Vojvodina

¹ Geographically entirely in Asia, but nonetheless often considered European. ² Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the border definitions. ³ Transcontinental country.

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