| Incisor | |
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| Permanent teeth of right half of lower dental arch, seen from above. | |
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| The permanent teeth, viewed from the right. | |
| Latin | dentes incisivi |
| Gray's | subject #242 1115 |
| MeSH | Incisor |
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below.
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In many herbivorous or omnivorous mammals, such as the human and the horse, they are adapted for shearing sharply. In cats, the incisors are small; biting off meat is done with the canines and the carnassials. In elephants, the upper incisors are modified into curved tusks, just as is the case with Narwhals, where normally one of them develops into a straight and twisted tusk. The incisors of rodents grow throughout life and are worn by gnawing. They help you snip up food such as carrots.
Humans normally have eight (8) incisors, two of each type. The types of incisors are:
Among other animals, some other primates, cats and horses have twelve. Rodents have four. Rabbits and hares (lagomorphs) were once considered rodents, but are distinguished by having eight—1 small pair, called "peg teeth" is directly behind the most anterior pair.
![]() Mouth (oral cavity) |
![]() Left maxilla. Outer surface. |
![]() Base of skull. Inferior surface. |
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Incisors are special kinds of teeth that can be found in some mammals, such as humans. They are the eight large flat teeth with straight edges that are at the front of a person's mouth, in between the canine teeth, which are pointed. The straight edges of the incisors are useful for biting because they cut sharply. They come together like a pair of pincers. In a human, the two teeth at the middle of each jaw are called the "central incisors", and the side ones are the "lateral icisors". (lateral means "to the side"). Some humans never grow "lateral incisors" or have very small ones, particularly at the top.
In many herbivores (plant-eating animals) these front teeth are uses to cut off stems of grass and other growing things, that are then ground up by the molars at the back of the mouth. Some omnivores (animals that eat both plants and meat), like humans, have incisors like herbivores. In carnivores (meat-eating animals) like cats, the incisors are often quite small and the canine teeth are very long and suitable for tearing meat. Carnivores use their incisors for many jobs that need fine control, such as catching fleas, carrying a kitten or peeling the skin off a fish. If a dog or a member of the cat family needs to cut something with their teeth, they use their back teeth like scissors.
Fangs 01
Cats have long canine teeth and small incisors. |
Equine
Herbivores like horses have teeth that can bite grass. |
Azawakh
Dogs use their incisors for many things. |
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