From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A young Indira Nehru and
Mahatma Gandhi (no relation), during one of his fasts
.^ She regained her position as prime minister in 1980. Unfortunately on October 31, 1984, Indira Gandhi's Sikh bodyguards assassinated her.
^ Indira Gandhi, she replied that " The term Productivity has three implications.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ In 1947 Nehru became India 's first Prime Minister.- Gandhi, Indira - A website dedicated to famous people, celebrities, VIP's, actors, actresses, musicians, politicians 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.prominentpeople.co.za [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ She was India's first and to date only female prime minister.
^ She was India's first, and to date only, female prime minister.- Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
^ Indira Gandhi was the first and, to date, only female prime minister of India.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Education
.^ The India of the future is growing in her schools and universities.
^ While studying at Somerville College, University of Oxford, England, during the late 1930s, she became a member of the radical pro-independence London based India League[4].- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi received two educations: the first from the day by day often tumultuous life as the daughter of a leader striving for independence during a time when his actions were frequently considered illegal; the second education was, for short periods, in some of India 's finest schools as well as schooling in Switzerland .- Gandhi, Indira - A website dedicated to famous people, celebrities, VIP's, actors, actresses, musicians, politicians 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.prominentpeople.co.za [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Life and career
.^ Born in the politically influential Nehru dynasty, she grew up in an intensely political atmosphere.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nehru-gandhi Family .- Indira Gandhi: Latest News, Photos and Videos 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC connect.in.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Born in 1917 in a politically influential family, Gandhi seemed inescapably destined for a career in politics.- Indian Americans Mark 25th Anniversary of Indira Gandhi's Assassination - NAM 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC news.newamericamedia.org [Source type: News]
.^ Her grandfather, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After Mahatma Gandhi and her father, first Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, she is perhaps the most famous Indian leader in the world.- Indian Americans Mark 25th Anniversary of Indira Gandhi's Assassination - NAM 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC news.newamericamedia.org [Source type: News]
^ Indira's grandfather Motilal Nehru was a wealthy barrister of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Indira Gandhi was the daughter, of the newly independent India 's first leader, Jawaharlal Nehru.- Gandhi, Indira - A website dedicated to famous people, celebrities, VIP's, actors, actresses, musicians, politicians 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.prominentpeople.co.za [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira Gandhi with her father, Jawaharlal Nehru .- Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
^ Her father Jawaharlal Nehru was a well-educated lawyer and was a popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Returning to India from Oxford in 1941, she became involved in the Indian Independence movement.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While studying at Somerville College, University of Oxford, England, during the late 1930s, she became a member of the radical pro-independence London based India League[4].- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In its centenary year, the Indian National Congress is proud that India has the honour to lead the Non-aligned Movement.
.^ She was India's first and to date only female prime minister.
^ She was India's first, and to date only, female prime minister.- Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
^ Jawaharlal Nehru was the first prime minister of India and the father of Indira Gandhi.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ After his death in 1964, Lal Bahadur Shastri took over.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After her father's death, the new Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri appointed Indira Gandhi as minister of information and broadcasting.
^ Lal Bahadur Shastri , who succeeded Nehru as prime minister in 1964, named her minister of information and broadcasting in his government.- Indira Gandhi (prime minister of India) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[1]
.^ Q.Was Indira Gandhi India's best prime minister ?- The Indira Gandhi legacy - We The People 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.ndtv.com [Source type: General]
^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ Was Indira Gandhi India's best prime minister or the most controversial?- The Indira Gandhi legacy - We The People 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.ndtv.com [Source type: General]
.^ The then Congress Party President K. Kamaraj was instrumental in making Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister after the sudden demise of Shastri, Gandhi soon showed an ability to win elections and outmaneuver opponents through populism.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi, defending the Government's decision to postpone the elections for a year, said: ''If we held the elections now, we would win.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi found herself without work, income or residence until winning a by-election in 1978.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ She introduced more left-wing economic policies and promoted agricultural productivity.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The spreading of fragrance could motivate more people towards Peace and Productive thoughts, and promote their effects.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ He was elected to parliament and when his mother, Indira Gandhi , was assassinated in 1984 he succeeded her as prime minister, leading the Congress party (see Indian National Congress ) to a sweeping election victory.- Rajiv Gandhi Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Rajiv Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ She was riding the crest of popularity after India 's triumph in the war of 1971 against Pakistan , and the explosion of a nuclear device in 1974.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Another war with Pakistan broke out, which ended in the establishment of an independent state of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan ).- Gandhi, Indira - A website dedicated to famous people, celebrities, VIP's, actors, actresses, musicians, politicians 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.prominentpeople.co.za [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Elections In 1977, Gandhi called elections.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1977 elections, the Congress Party suffered a heavy defeat and the party split.- Indira Gandhi Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Her Congress Party, which had a majority in Parliament, ratified the state of emergency.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Q.Was Indira Gandhi India's best prime minister ?- The Indira Gandhi legacy - We The People 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.ndtv.com [Source type: General]
^ Gandhi returned to the office of prime minister of 1980 after the Congress Party dominated elections for the Lok Sabha.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
.^ In response, Gandhi ordered an army attack in June 1984 on the Harimandir (Golden Temple) at Amritsar , the Sikhs’ holiest shrine, which led to the deaths of more than 450 Sikhs.- Indira Gandhi (prime minister of India) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.britannica.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1984, Gandhi countered violent Sikh extremists by ordering the army to attack the Golden Temple of Amritsar, the Sikhs' holy shrine.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In June 1984, she ordered the army into the Golden Temple in Amritsar; their orders were to flush out the Sikh militants holed up in there.- New Statesman - A mediocre goddess. Indira Gandhi left behind a lonely and unremarkable adolescence to become India's only female prime minister, drawing support from the poor and dispossessed. But she was also a despot, writes Pankaj Mishra, who brought shame, violence and misery to her nation 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.newstatesman.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ October 31 , 1984 .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In 1984 she started an initiative to suppress Sikh rebels and a few months later on October 31st 1984 she was assassinated.- WatchMojo.com - Daily Video Clips - Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.watchmojo.com [Source type: General]
^ In response, on October 31, 1984, two of Gandhi's own Sikh bodyguards assassinated her even as some of her Sikh guards tried to protect her.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Early life
Growing up in India
.^ November 19 , 1917 .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ I ndira Nehru Gandhi was born in November 1917, the only child of Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Indira Gandhi , 1917-84, Indian political leader; daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru .- Indira Gandhi Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Indira witnessed this happening, and came to detest the way her mother was treated by the family especially by Nehrus two younger sisters, Vijayalakshmi Pandit and Krishna Hutheesingh.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Indira Gandhi with her father, Jawaharlal Nehru .- Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
^ Her grandfather, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Motilal Nehru, her grandfather, and also Jawaharlal Nehru, her father, were two influential leaders in the campaign for Indian independence.
.^ Nehru-Gandhi family .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Nehru-gandhi Family .- Indira Gandhi: Latest News, Photos and Videos 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC connect.in.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Born in the politically influential Nehru dynasty, she grew up in an intensely political atmosphere.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Growing up in the sole care of her mother, who was sick and alienated from the Nehru household, Gandhi developed strong protective instincts and a loner personality.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Growing up in the sole care of her mother, who was sick and alienated from the Nehru household, Indira developed strong protective instincts and a loner personality.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In November 2003, he took up a spate of new books on Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi .
.^ Her grandfather and father continually being enmeshed in national politics also made mixing with her peers difficult.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What made her childhood even more difficult was the contemptuous treatment given her mother, Kamala, by the far more Westernized and sophisticated women of the Nehru family.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Illness was a difficult condition in the Nehru household: Nehru preened himself over his own fitness, and regarded illness almost as a moral failing, an abnegation of duties.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ She had conflicts with her father's sisters, including Vijayalakshmi Pandit , and these continued into the political world.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ She had conflicts with her father's sisters, including Vijayalakshmi Pandit, and these continued into the political world.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It had been her sense of duty and pride in her father and family legacy that had brought her into politics, but she had never been given the space to develop as a person.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The house served as a headquarters for the freedom struggle; her parents were frequently taken off to jail; the police were constantly there.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It describes her family life and the pain she had to endure when her parents Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru and her grandfather Motilal Nehru were sent to prison as a result of the Indian freedom movement.
^ She centralized power, draining it away from the regional state governments and channelling it towards New Delhi.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ "Nobody ever thought it was a danger to the country's security when Sonia Gandhi continued to live in Indira Gandhi's household for 17 years without accepting Indian citizenship," he said.- How can Indira Gandhi's grandson pose danger to the country, asks Thackeray - India - The Times of India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC timesofindia.indiatimes.com [Source type: News]
^ For 25 years, the Tamil leaders expressed their protest in parliament and outside, adopting the principles of ahimsa and satyagraha.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Kasipillai Selvarasa, a 38-year-old farmer with four dependents.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
I am afraid those early impressions are likely to colour her future views about the police force generally."
.^ Indira created the Vanara Sena movement for young girls and boys which played a small but notable role in the Indian Independence Movement, conducting protests and flag marches, as well as helping Congress politicians circulate sensitive publications and banned materials.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira Gandhi created the Vanara Sena movement for young girls and boys which played a small but notable role in the Indian Independence Movement, conducting protests and flag marches, as well as helping Congress politicians circulate sensitive publications and banned materials.
^ Indira Gandhi created the Vanara Sena movement for young girls and boys which played a small but notable role in the Indian Independence Movement , conducting protests and flag marches, as well as helping Congress politicians circulate sensitive publications and banned materials.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ In an often-told story, she smuggled out from her father's police-watched house an important document in her schoolbag that outlined plans for a major revolutionary initiative in the early 1930 s.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In an often-told story, she smuggled out from her father's police-watched house an important document in her schoolbag that outlined plans for a major revolutionary initiative in the early 1930s.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After his father's death, Varun's mother, Maneka, fell out with Indira and moved out of the family house.- The Gandhis at war - Asia, World - The Independent 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.independent.co.uk [Source type: News]
Studying in Europe
.^ In 1934 , her mother Kamala Nehru finally succumbed to tuberculosis after a long struggle.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In 1936, her mother, Kamala Nehru, finally succumbed to tuberculosis after a long struggle.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1934, her mother Kamala Nehru finally succumbed to tuberculosis after a long struggle.
.^ Indira Gandhi was 17 at the time and thus never experienced a stable family life during her childhood.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Indira was 18 at the time and thus never experienced a stable family life during her childhood.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And moreover, as some readers pointed out during her entire life, she never expressed regrets on any incidents.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ While studying at Somerville College, University of Oxford, England, during the late 1930s, she became a member of the radical pro-independence London based India League[4].- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ From here she went on to study in Switzerland and then to Oxford University in London.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nehru never liked his barrack-room style and when, just a couple of years after Kamalas death, he learned from his daughter then in England and studying at Oxford of her desire to marry Feroze (in London at the time), Nehru did all he could to dissuade her.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
[2]
In early 1940, Indira spent time in a rest home in Switzerland to recover from chronic lung disease.
.^ When Indira's father was in jail he used to write beautiful, long letters to her about his patriotic feelings and the current political situation.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ While such actions may sometimes be necessary, concern about the harms they may cause cannot be dismissed by arguing that they are being implemented for legitimate reasons.- Indira and the Islamists - Hit & Run : Reason Magazine 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC reason.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They argued that at least Sri Lankas reservations about the use of the word united should have been indicated.- http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/446.html 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.sangam.org [Source type: Original source]
[3].^ In her years in continental Europe and the UK, she met Feroze Gandhi,a Congress activist.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Feroze Gandhi (12 August 1912 - 8 September 1960) was an Indian politician and journalist of Parsi descent.
^ Due to election voting irregularities in 1975, India's High Court threatened to ban Gandhi from politics for six years.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4] .^ Indira Gandhi with her father, Jawaharlal Nehru .- Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.squidoo.com [Source type: General]
^ Nehru-Gandhi family .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ India is still proud of Indira Gandhi .- Indira Gandhi Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.encyclopedia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Marriage to Feroze Gandhi
.^ But she and Feroze Gandhi were married in March 1942.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The daughter of India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi, who changed her surname after marrying Feroze Gandhi, was given the top job two years after Nehru's death in 1964.- Indira Gandhi remembered: News24: World: News 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.news24.com [Source type: News]
^ They were unable to agree among themselves, and hence picked Indira Gandhi as a compromise candidate, thinking that she would be easily manipulable .- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
[5] Indira liked Feroze's openness, sense of humor and self-confidence.
.^ But it did help secure Gandhi's election.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nehru never liked his barrack-room style and when, just a couple of years after Kamalas death, he learned from his daughter then in England and studying at Oxford of her desire to marry Feroze (in London at the time), Nehru did all he could to dissuade her.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Although he had been a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru accepted partition the decision by the British to split South Asia into India and Pakistan even though Gandhi did not.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Mahatma Gandhi had nothing to do with Feroze, leave alone adopting him!- The Gandhis at war - Asia, World - The Independent 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.independent.co.uk [Source type: News]
^ Indira's husband Feroze gandhi who is no relation to Mahatma!!!!- The Gandhis at war - Asia, World - The Independent 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.independent.co.uk [Source type: News]
^ Though the Mahatma was a family friend, the Gandhi in her name comes from her marriage to Feroze Gandhi .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ According to Adele, the marriage took place at Murugan Temple, Thiruporur, Madras on October 1, 1984.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Indira Gandhi, according to family intimates, had opposed the marriage from the beginning.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And to his mother, Jawaharlal voiced his disapproval of arranged Hindu marriages: "In my opinion, unless there is a degree of mutual understanding, marriage should not take place.- Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi : Katherine Frank : ISBN 9780395730973 - Buy.com 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.buy.com [Source type: General]
[6]
.^ In this epoch of radical change, the Indian National Congress brought the world to India and took India to the world.
^ In 1942, she married Feroze Gandhi, also a member of the Congress Party.- 3p. India: The World's Largest Democracy [Beyond Books - Culture and Geography] 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.beyondbooks.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1942, she joined the 'Quit India' Movement along with her husband and was arrested and jailed.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[7] .^ In 1944, she gave birth to Rajiv Gandhi with Feroze Gandhi, and followed by Sanjay Gandhi.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Mother of two sons, Rajiv and Sanjay, she became a widow in 1960.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Feroze Gandhi went on to become an outspoken member of Parliament; he died in 1960.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Indira and Feroze were re-united in 1958, when Feroze suffered his first heart attack.
^ However, in 1957 , shortly after re-election, Feroze suffered a heart attack, which dramatically healed their broken marriage.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ However, in 1957, shortly after re-election, Feroze suffered a heart attack, which dramatically healed their broken marriage.
Their relationship endured for the few years prior to the death of Feroze Gandhi in September 1960.
Early leadership
President of the Indian National Congress
.^ During 1959 and 1960 , Gandhi ran for and was elected the President of the Indian National Congress .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Later in 1959, Gandhi became the fourth woman elected president of the Indian National Congress.
^ Rise to Power During 1959 and 1960, Gandhi ran for and was elected the President of the Indian National Congress.
.^ Her term of office was uneventful.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ She also acted as her father's chief of staff.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Nehru was known as a vocal opponent of nepotism , and she did not contest a seat in the 1962 elections.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Nehru was known as a vocal opponent of nepotism, and she did not contest a seat in the 1962 elections.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When India's first general election approached in 1952, Gandhi managed the campaigns of both Nehru and her husband, who was contesting the constituency of Rae Bareilly.
Prime minister
First term
Domestic policy
.^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ Desai became Prime Minister and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy , the establishment choice of 1969 , became President of the Republic.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (November 19, 1917 - October 31, 1984) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and again from January 14, 1980 until her assassination on October 31, 1984.
.^ Her main party rival, Morarji Desai called her 'Gungi Gudiya' which means 'Dumb Doll'.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ At the time, however, he and others had dismissed her as a gungi gudiya - literally, a 'dumb doll'.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ At the time, however, he and others had dismissed her as a gungi gudiya - literally, a dumb doll.
.^ Congress wins Elections in 5 out of 9 Provinces .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ Congress wins vote in Lok Sabha on Civilian Nuclear Agreement.- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ The internal problems showed in the 1967 election where the Congress lost nearly 60 seats winning 297 seats in the 545 seat Lok Sabha.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ As under the British parliamentary system, he thereby automatically became India's seventh Prime Minister.- The Sikh Times - Biographies - Indira Gandhi: Death in the Garden 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.sikhtimes.com [Source type: News]
^ Ahmed was an old political ally, and in India the President acts upon the advice of an elected Prime Minister alone.
^ After Shastri's death in 1966, Indira Gandhi served as prime minister until India held the next election.
.^ In 1969 after a lot of disagreements with Desai, the Congress split.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All this and more is the legacy of Jawaharlal Nehru, his imperishable bequest to us in the Indian National Congress.
^ As it happened, the Indian people felt that the Indian National Congress could achieve this goal.
.^ Socialist Parties for the next two years.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ "As against that, for a ruling party to permit racist violence as it has done during the past six years is more reprehensible.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In the past 15 years the Republican Party (supported by Christian Coalition) ruled the country for 12 years.- LEGAL AND SOCIAL EQUALITY IN INDIA 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.vepachedu.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ The New Prime Minister Her first year of leadership was one of uncertainty, although she did make some strong moves, such as dividing Punjab and proposing that the commercial banks be nationalized, which was achieved in 1969.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
War with Pakistan in 1971
.^ The military leadership of West Pakistan was at this time pursuing a genocidal policy against the Bengalis of East Pakistan, and thousands of refugees were flowing into India.- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When civil war broke out that year in Pakistan, India supported East Pakistan in its fight against West Pakistan and was quickly victorious.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
[9][10] .^ During the chaotic Partition of India in 1947 , she helped organize refugee camps and provide medical care for the millions of refugees from Pakistan .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ During the chaotic Partition of India in 1947, she helped organize refugee camps and provide medical care for the millions of refugees from Pakistan.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ During the 1971 War, the US had sent its Seventh Fleet to the Bay of Bengal as a warning to India not to use the genocide in East Pakistan as a pretext to launch a wider attack against West Pakistan, especially over the disputed territory of Kashmir .- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
^ If there is a civil war in India on this issue, so be the case; in any case with direct American intervention in Pakistan, conflict between America and India is very near.
^ In the same year, she nationalised banks.During the 1971 War, the US had sent its Seventh Fleet to the Bay of Bengal as a warning to India keep away from East Pakistan as a pretext to launch a wider attack against West Pakistan, especially over the disputed territory of Kashmir.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Rather than relying on food aid from the United States - headed by a President whom Mrs. Gandhi disliked considerably (the feeling was mutual: to Nixon, Indira was "the old witch"[7]), the country became a food exporter.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Till now communal riots were engineered by communal forces and the fascist part of the Indian state machinery to polarize society.
[11].
.^ India and the USSR had earlier signed the Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Cooperation, the resulting political and military support contributing substantially to India's victory in the 1971 war.- Indira Gandhi at AllExperts 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC en.allexperts.com [Source type: Original source]
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And in 1971, Pakistan attacked India and forced another smaller partition - the creation of Bangladesh.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Green Revolution Main article: Green Revolution in India Richard Nixon and Indira Gandhi in 1971.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Foreign policy
.^ She also invited the new Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to Shimla for a week-long summit.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi further utilized President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, to issue ordinances that did not need to be debated in Parliament, allowing her - and Sanjay - to effectively rule by decree.
^ State of Emergency Gandhi advised President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed to declare a state of emergency, claiming that the strikes and rallies were creating a state of 'internal disturbance'.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ After the near-failure of the talks, the two heads of state eventually signed the Shimla Agreement, which bound the two countries to resolve the Kashmir dispute by negotiations and peaceful means.
^ Over the perennial thorn of Kashmir, she established with her counterpart Zulfikar Ali Bhutto an informal agreement to observe as the de facto border between the two countries the Line of Control (this was the ceasefire line established after the Pakistan-instigated invasion of Kashmir in 1948).- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
^ President, my profound thanks, and my genuine heartfelt assurances that India wishes to resume talks with your country for a solid, lasting, peaceful relationship between our two countries, which share so much in common.'- The Sikh Times - Biographies - Indira Gandhi: Death in the Garden 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.sikhtimes.com [Source type: News]
.^ On the international scene, relations with the United States, which provided billions of dollars in aid from the 1950's to the 1980's, were sour and tense during much of her tenure.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ With her neighbors, the Soviet Union and China, she improved relations. She also promoted science and technology. In 1971, India sent its first satellite into space.
^ It also includes Gandhi's family background, path to power, relations with the United States, efforts at regional hegemony, and Gandhi's perception of herself.
.^ Indira Gandhi was criticized by some for not making the Line of Control a permanent border while a few critics even believed that Pakistan-administered Kashmir should have been extracted from Pakistan, whose 93,000 prisoners of war were under Indian control.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira Gandhi was heavily criticized for not extracting the Pakistan-occupied portion of Kashmir from a humiliated Pakistan, whose 93,000 prisoners of war were under Indian control.
^ Over the perennial thorn of Kashmir, she established with her counterpart Zulfikar Ali Bhutto an informal agreement to observe as the de facto border between the two countries the Line of Control (this was the ceasefire line established after the Pakistan-instigated invasion of Kashmir in 1948).- 540 Sunil Khilnani, Looking for Indira Gandhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.india-seminar.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ But the agreement did remove immediate United Nations and third party interference, and greatly reduced the likelihood of Pakistan launching a major attack in the near future.
^ Formation of Bangladesh removed forever the threat of simultaneous attack from the western and eastern wings of Pakistan on India.- http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/446.html 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.sangam.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ By not demanding total capitulation on a sensitive issue from Bhutto, she had allowed Pakistan to stabilize and normalize.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Trade relations were also normalized, though much contact remained frozen for years.
Devaluation of the rupee
.^ To secure her power and because of escalating riots, on June 26, 1975, Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency which limited the personal freedom of Indians.
^ It also includes Gandhi's family background, path to power, relations with the United States, efforts at regional hegemony, and Gandhi's perception of herself.
^ Rise to Power During 1959 and 1960, Gandhi ran for and was elected the President of the Indian National Congress.
Nuclear weapons program
.^ Nuclear Program But Gandhi now accelerated the national nuclear program, as it was felt that the nuclear threat from the People's Republic of China and the intrusive interest of the two major superpowers were not conducive to India's stability and security.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But Gandhi now accelerated the national nuclear program, as it was felt that the nuclear threat from China and the intrusive interest of the two major superpowers were not conducive to India's stability and security.
^ Agricultural and industrial production expanded considerably under Gandhi's 20-point program; revenues increased, and so did India's financial standing in the international community.
.^ In 1974, India successfully conducted an underground nuclear test, unofficially codenamed Smiling Buddha, near the desert village of Pokhran in Rajasthan.
^ She was riding the crest of popularity after India 's triumph in the war of 1971 against Pakistan , and the explosion of a nuclear device in 1974.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ GATE 2010 - Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering NotificationThe Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an All-India examination administered and conducted in eight zones across...- Indira Gandhi Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Details 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.way2college.com [Source type: General]
.^ Describing the test as for peaceful purposes, India nevertheless became the world's youngest nuclear power.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hall - Moonlightchest.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC memorial.moonlightchest.com [Source type: Original source]
- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1974, India successfully conducted an underground nuclear test, unofficially codenamed Smiling Buddha, near the desert village of Pokhran in Rajasthan.
^ In 1974, India successfully conducted an underground nuclear test, unofficially code named as smiling Buddha, near the desert village of Pokhran in Rajasthan.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Green Revolution
Richard Nixon and Indira Gandhi in 1971. They had a deep personal antipathy that coloured bilateral relations.
.^ They had a deep personal antipathy that coloured bilateral relations.Special agricultural innovation programs and extra government support launched in the 1960s that had finally resulted in India's chronic food shortages were gradually being transformed into surplus production of wheat, rice, cotton and milk.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Innovative agricultural programs and additional government support launched in the 1960s had finally resulted in India's chronic food shortages gradually being transformed into surpluses of wheat, rice, cotton and milk.
^ Agricultural and industrial production expanded considerably under Gandhi's 20-point program; revenues increased, and so did India's financial standing in the international community.
.^ Rather than relying on food aid from the United States - headed by a President whom Mrs. Gandhi disliked considerably (the feeling was mutual: to Nixon, Indira was "the old witch"[7]), the country became a food exporter.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Green Revolution Main article: Green Revolution in India Richard Nixon and Indira Gandhi in 1971.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira Gandhi had numerous bodyguards, two of whom were Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, both Sikhs.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ That achievement, along with the diversification of its commercial crop production, has become known as the Green Revolution.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ At the same time, the White Revolution was an expansion in milk production which helped to combat malnutrition, especially amidst young children.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The country became a food exporter, and diversified its commercial crop production as well, in what has become known as the Green Revolution.
'Food security', as the program was called, was another source of support for Gandhi in the years leading up to 1975.
[13]
.^ Established in the early 1960s, the Green Revolution was the unofficial name given to the Intense Agricultural District Programme (IADP) which sought to insure abundant, inexpensive grain for urban dwellers upon whose support Gandhi -- as indeed all Indian politicians -- heavily depended.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Agricultural and industrial production expanded considerably under Gandhi's 20-point program; revenues increased, and so did India's financial standing in the international community.
^ The program was based on four premises: 1) New varieties of seed(s), 2) Acceptance of the necessity of the chemicalization of Indian agriculture, i.e.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[14] The program was based on four premises: 1) New varieties of seed(s), 2) Acceptance of the necessity of the chemicalization of Indian agriculture, i.e. fertilizers, pesticides, weed killers, etc., 3) A commitment to national and international cooperative research to develop new and improved existing seed varieties, 4) The concept of developing a scientific, agricultural institutions in the form of land grant colleges.
[15] .^ Lasting about ten years, the program was ultimately to bring about a tripling of wheat production, a lower but still impressive increase of rice; while there was little to no increase (depending on area, and adjusted for population growth) of such cereals as millet, gram and coarse grain, though these did, in fact, retain a relatively stable yield.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All and all, garibi hatao did little and accomplished a bit less: Only about 4% of all funds allocated for economic development went to the three main anti-poverty programs, and precious few of these ever reached the 'poorest of the poor'.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Though the Chinese president and prime minister spoke about the sovereignty, territorial integrity and the independence of Sri Lanka, there was no doubt that secret talks were conducted about the supply of arms.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
1971 election victory and second term
.^ The majority were, however, faced with the problem that, if the First, Fourth and Seventeenth Amendments were at a late stage to be invalidated, the impact on social and economic affairs would be chaotic.
^ In 1978, her supporters wanted a new identity for the Indian National Congress under her nomenclature and formed the "Indira Congress", a party with an open Hand symbol.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ It was believed that she was motivated by a certainty that the Congress Party would win easily, as it had won every election since independence.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Garibi Hatao (Abolish Poverty) was the theme for Gandhi's 1971 bid.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's close aides also remember her for her simplicity and her commitment to the cause of the poor, which led to the Congress slogan of "Garibi Hatao" during the 1971 Lok Sabha elections.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Having emblazoned 'Garibi Hatao' (Abolish Poverty) on her standard, she did not conceptualize it and carry it forward.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The slogan and the proposed anti-poverty programs that came with it were designed to give Gandhi an independent national support, based on rural and urban poor.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As of this fall, Mrs. Gandhi could count all but four of India's 22 state govenments in her camp, giving her a strong advantage in a national election.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Not content, Mrs. Gandhi proposed in August further constitutional amendments that would give the executive branch, meaning herself, almost unlimited powers.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ This would allow her to by-pass the dominate rural castes both in and of state and local government; likewise the urban commercial class.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ She was successful in reasserting, sometimes forcefully, the dominance of the central Government over states that seemed to be squabbling perennially with each other.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Sonia Gandhi has followed her mother-in-law scrupulously in this respect, for she has likewise ensured that her own son would head the party, and, perhaps in time, the government.
.^ And, for their part, the previously voiceless poor would at last gain both political worth and political weight.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They were determined to gain political mileage through a revolutionary struggle and through armed resistance in the very language the government leadership would understand.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The programs created through garibi hatao, though carried out locally, were funded, developed, supervised, and staffed by New Delhi and the Congress [party].- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The program was based on four premises: 1) New varieties of seed(s), 2) Acceptance of the necessity of the chemicalization of Indian agriculture, i.e.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All and all, garibi hatao did little and accomplished a bit less: Only about 4% of all funds allocated for economic development went to the three main anti-poverty programs, and precious few of these ever reached the 'poorest of the poor'.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ "These programs also provided the central political leadership with new and vast patronage resources to be disbursed...throughout the country."- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
throughout the country."
[16].
.^ Garibi Hatao (Abolish Poverty) was the theme for Gandhi's 1971 bid.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All and all, garibi hatao did little and accomplished a bit less: Only about 4% of all funds allocated for economic development went to the three main anti-poverty programs, and precious few of these ever reached the 'poorest of the poor'.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1971, Gandhi was re-elected by campaigning with the slogan "Abolish Poverty."
Corruption charges and verdict of electoral malpractice
.^ Charges On June 12, 1975 the High Court of Allahabad declared Gandhi's election invalid on grounds of alleged malpractices in an election petition filed by Raj Narain (who had repeatedly contested her Parliamentary constituency of Rae Bareli without success).- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira and Sanjay Gandhi both lost their seats, and Congress was cut down to 153 seats (compared with 350 in the previous Lok Sabha), 92 of which were in the south.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gandhi's close aides also remember her for her simplicity and her commitment to the cause of the poor, which led to the Congress slogan of "Garibi Hatao" during the 1971 Lok Sabha elections.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Charges On June 12, 1975 the High Court of Allahabad declared Gandhi's election invalid on grounds of alleged malpractices in an election petition filed by Raj Narain (who had repeatedly contested her Parliamentary constituency of Rae Bareli without success).- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Knowing very well that the Tamils of Sri Lanka had been given a resounding mandate in the 1977 parliamentary general elections for a separate state for Tamils, Indira Gandhi told the TULF leaders that she was against the separation of the country.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Eventhough she lost the election in 1977, she was able to come back as a Prime Minister, under the Indira Congress banner, with a thumping majority in 1980.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
[17] .^ The court thus ordered her to be removed from her seat in Parliament and banned from running in elections for six years.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the elections of January 1980, she and her Congress-I Party won a sweeping victory, winning two-thirds of the seats in Parliament.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This amendment removed the limitation imposed on the amending power of the Parliament by the ruling of the Supreme Court in Keshvanand Bharti’s case.
.^ Since the Prime Minister must be a member of either the Lok Sabha (lower house in the Parliament of India) or the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament), this decision had the effect of removing her from office.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Sanjay Gandhi's widow, Maneka Gandhi - who fell out with Indira after Sanjay's death and was famously thrown out of the Prime Minister's house[14] - as well as Sanjay's son, Varun Gandhi, are active in politics as members of the main opposition BJP party.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ahmed was a longtime political ally, and it is a strong convention in India that the president acts on the advice of the prime minister.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Since the Prime Minister must be a member of either the Lok Sabha (lower house in the Parliament of India) or the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament), this decision had the effect of removing her from office.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ As of this fall, Mrs. Gandhi could count all but four of India's 22 state govenments in her camp, giving her a strong advantage in a national election.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Janata coalition was only united by its hatred of Mrs. Gandhi (or "that woman" as some called her); the government was so bogged down by infighting.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However vague her destinations may have seemed, Mrs. Gandhi was always clear about her conviction that she was meant to lead India.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Amirthalingam readily accepted Gandhi's plea and told her he would be satisfied if the aspirations of the Tamils in the Northern and Eastern provinces were met.- http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/446.html 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.sangam.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Vasudev's two books on Indira, Revolution in Restraint and Two Faces of Indira Gandhi , both written while Mrs G was alive, are now out of print.- www.outlookindia.com | The Aandhi Rerun 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.outlookindia.com [Source type: Original source]
^ After a 43-day campaign, Mrs. Gandhi emerged with a parliamentary victory of dimensions comparable to those of her father, with her wing of the party winning 350 seats.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He was a childhood friend of Indira, but her family was shocked when she announced, on arriving home, that she and Mr. Gandhi - who was not related to Mohandas Gandhi - planned to marry.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Not for two days after the election results were announced did Mrs. Gandhi leave her residence to go to the presidential palace and hand in her resignation.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Gandhi appealed the decision; the opposition parties rallied en masse, calling for her resignation.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The petition is expected to come up before Justice Nawab Singh of the Punjab and Haryana High Court on Tuesday.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But the reason for emergency was Justice Sinha's ruling on Mrs. Gandhi's election and debarring her for six years from contesting any election.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A year later almost no schools were desegregated and the court took up the case again, issuing a new order for Brown to be enforced "with all deliberate speed."- LEGAL AND SOCIAL EQUALITY IN INDIA 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.vepachedu.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Contradictory to her expectation that "1977 will prove to be a year of added stability, strength, and continued achievement", she and her Parliamentary supporters were completely routed in the elections.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ Gandhi's close aides also remember her for her simplicity and her commitment to the cause of the poor, which led to the Congress slogan of "Garibi Hatao" during the 1971 Lok Sabha elections.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Well Mr. Dhavan who was Mr. T. N. Kaul in Tashkent during Shastri's death - was he related to Indira Gandhi?- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During the summer, the Government charged her with having illegally detained opposition leaders and harassed officials during the emergency.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The decision in 1999 reduced the President once more to a mere rubber stamp where this time, he would be bound by the “recommendations” of the collegiums of judges in charge of appointing judges.
.^ Indira and Sanjay Gandhi both lost their seats, and Congress was cut down to 153 seats (compared with 350 in the previous Lok Sabha), 92 of which were in the south.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira Gandhi sweeps back to power with over 300 seats in the Lok Sabha .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ Indira Gandhi insisted that her father did not discuss official matters with her and that her induction into politics was the work of Govind Ballabh Pant and U.N. Dhebar .
.^ We talked about the general political situation,” was all he said.
^ It is the very foundation on which the party was formed to be blamed.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Finally, impending legislative assembly elections were indefinitely postponed, with all opposition-controlled state governments being removed by virtue of the constitutional provision allowing for a dismissal of a state government on recommendation of the state's governor.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Eventhough she lost the election in 1977, she was able to come back as a Prime Minister, under the Indira Congress banner, with a thumping majority in 1980.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ When they started drafting the statement, Indian officials said their prime minister intended to call for a settlement within the framework of a united Sri Lanka.- http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/446.html 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.sangam.org [Source type: Original source]
^ After her assassination in 1984, Rajiv succeeded her as head of the Congress party, and was sworn in as prime minister of India.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Nevertheless, the Chief Minister"s reply brought good news: Farooq Abdullah would be pleased to talk to me about the late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.- Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi : Katherine Frank : ISBN 9780395730973 - Buy.com 20 November 2009 7:17 UTC www.buy.com [Source type: General]
^ He maintained contact with Indian High Commissioner Chhatwal who made arrangements for his travel to Delhi.- http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/446.html 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.sangam.org [Source type: Original source]
^ On August 12, 1980, he said in an interview with the editor of New Delhi magazine that he would consider entering politics only if he was convinced that it would "genuinely help" his mother.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ On June 26th, 1975, Mrs. Gandhi declared an emergency, due to the turbulent political situation in the country at that time.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Shortly afterward, Mrs. Gandhi released the last of the political opponents still being held.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Any reunion of the two factions, Mrs. Gandhi said, must be headed by her.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
"I believe the prime minister of India will continue in office until the electorate of India decides otherwise".
State of Emergency (1975-1977)
.^ Even before the Emergency Proclamation was ratified by Parliament, Gandhi on the night of June 26, 1975 moved to put an end to any and all opposition to order the arrest of all her principal opposition, including those within the Congress Parliamentary Party.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ State of Emergency Gandhi advised President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed to declare a state of emergency, claiming that the strikes and rallies were creating a state of 'internal disturbance'.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Notwithstanding the First Amendment, agrarian legislative measures adopted by the States were effectively challenged in the High Courts and two further amendments were passed to save the validity of those measures.
^ She said that because of ''retrograde, communal and capitalistic forces'' trying to subvert her Government, she had been forced to proclaim the emergency to ''stem the impending disaster.''- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
Accordingly, Ahmed declared a State of Emergency caused by internal disorder, based on the provisions of Article 352 of the Constitution, on 26 June 1975.
Rule by decree
.^ Rule by Decree Within a few months, President's Rule was imposed on the two non-Congress (party)-ruled states of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu thereby bringing the entire country under direct dictorial rule from Delhi.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Fotedar also echoes similar views and refers to her rise in the party from a member of Congress Working Committee in 1955 to party president in 1959 as an example of her popularity.- 'Indira Gandhi regretted Operation Blue Star, Emergency' - Express India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.expressindia.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The central government had twice imposed President's Rule under Article 356 of the Constitution by deeming states ruled by opposition parties as "lawless and chaotic", thus winning administrative control of those states.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[18] .^ Police were granted powers to impose curfews and indefinitely detain citizens, while all publications were subjected to substantial censorship by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Inder Kumar Gujral, a future prime minister himself, resigned as Minister for Information and Broadcasting to protest Sanjay Gandhi's interference in his work of the ministry.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ Speaking on the occasion, Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, lauded the efforts of Gates and said that the work of the Bill and the Melinda Gates Foundation is an inspiration.- President confers Indira Gandhi Prize on Bill Gates 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC blog.taragana.com [Source type: News]
^ Lal Bahadur Shastri, the new Prime Minister, offered Mrs. Gandhi a Cabinet post; she chose the relatively unprestigious job of Minister of Information and Broadcasting and did a lackluster job.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi, defending the Government's decision to postpone the elections for a year, said: ''If we held the elections now, we would win.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Dicey defines constitutional law as including "all rules which directly or indirectly affect the distribution or the exercise of the sovereign power in the State."
^ Perhaps as a sign of security, the Government allowed opponents to hold meetings to protest these changes in the country's Constitution, which they saw as basically codifying the state of emergency.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi used the emergency provisions to grant herself extraordinary powers.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Proud as she was of her father, Indira Gandhi used to describe herself as more her mother’s daughter.
"Unlike her father [Jawaharlal Nehru], who preferred to deal with strong chief ministers in control of their legislative parties and state party organizations, Mrs. Gandhi set out to remove every Congress chief minister who had an independent base and to replace each of them with ministers personally loyal to her...Even so, stability could not be maintained in the states..."
[19]
.^ Population Control One significant domestic issue for Mrs. Gandhi was population control, particularly the question of compulsory sterilization, which was debated in Parliament throughout 1976.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ With this amendment, Parliament allowed the President to tinker with the Constitution when ‘necessary’.
Simultaneously, Gandhi's government undertook a campaign to stamp out dissent including the arrest and detention of thousands of political activists; Sanjay was instrumental in initiating the clearing of slums around Delhi's
Jama Masjid under the supervision of
Jag Mohan, later Lt. Governor of Delhi, which allegedly left thousands of people homeless and hundreds killed, and led to communal embitterment in those parts of the nation's capital; and the family planning program which forcibly imposed
vasectomy on thousands of fathers and was often poorly administered.
Elections
.^ Smt Indira Gandhi sweeps state elections in Andhra and Karnataka .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ Knowing very well that the Tamils of Sri Lanka had been given a resounding mandate in the 1977 parliamentary general elections for a separate state for Tamils, Indira Gandhi told the TULF leaders that she was against the separation of the country.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ As of this fall, Mrs. Gandhi could count all but four of India's 22 state govenments in her camp, giving her a strong advantage in a national election.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Gandhi may have grossly misjudged her popularity by reading what the heavily censored press wrote about her, or may have feared a military coup had she attempted to rule by decree any longer (There were reports that the Armed Forces would forcibly remove her from power and hold elections.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However vague her destinations may have seemed, Mrs. Gandhi was always clear about her conviction that she was meant to lead India.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
In any case, she was opposed by the
Janata Party.
.^ Janata, led by her long-time rival, Desai and with Jai Prakash Narayan as its spiritual guide, claimed the elections were the last chance for India to choose between "democracy and dictatorship."- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Posted By irfan shaikh on 30 January, 2008 i am i civil draughtsman and now working from last 3 year now i want to do diploma in civil part time please guide me .- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) January 2007 Session Admissions 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.educationobserver.com [Source type: General]
.^ In early 1978, Mrs. Gandhi and her supporters broke away from the regular Congress Party and formed what was known as the Congress-I (for Indira) Party, or to its adherents, the ''real Congress'' party.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In 1978, her supporters wanted a new identity for the Indian National Congress under her nomenclature and formed the "Indira Congress", a party with an open Hand symbol.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ After her downfall in 1977, she formed her own party in the name of Indira Congress.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ Indira Gandhi sweeps back to power with over 300 seats in the Lok Sabha .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ Martyrdom of Shri Rajiv Gandhi while campaigning during Lok Sabha Elections .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ His stay with Yojana was suddenly cut short when Indira Gandhi became prime minister and chose him as her Information Advisor.
Removal, arrest, and return
1984
USSR commemorative stamp
.^ She was riding the crest of popularity after India 's triumph in the war of 1971 against Pakistan , and the explosion of a nuclear device in 1974.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Indira Gandhi was criticized by some for not making the Line of Control a permanent border while a few critics even believed that Pakistan-administered Kashmir should have been extracted from Pakistan, whose 93,000 prisoners of war were under Indian control.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Charges On June 12, 1975 the High Court of Allahabad declared Gandhi's election invalid on grounds of alleged malpractices in an election petition filed by Raj Narain (who had repeatedly contested her Parliamentary constituency of Rae Bareli without success).- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ And I think of those giants who made the Indian National Congress.
^ Her Congress Party, which had a majority in Parliament, ratified the state of emergency.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Read the full article: State of the nation .
.^ Elections In 1977, Gandhi called elections.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Congress Party split during the election campaign of 1977 with veteran Gandhi supporters like Jagjivan Ram abandoning her for Janata.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After her downfall in 1977, she formed her own party in the name of Indira Congress.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
The prevailing rumour was that Sanjay had intentions of dislodging Indira.
.^ The Congress (Gandhi) Party was now a much smaller group in Parliament, although the official opposition.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Even before the Emergency Proclamation was ratified by Parliament, Gandhi on the night of June 26, 1975 moved to put an end to any and all opposition to order the arrest of all her principal opposition, including those within the Congress Parliamentary Party.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the elections of January 1980, she and her Congress-I Party won a sweeping victory, winning two-thirds of the seats in Parliament.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Once, Indira Gandhi had displayed this when she clamped Emergency.
^ The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delh is free and open to all and the preferred time to visit the place is morning 10am to evening 5pm.- Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New DelhiThe Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.asiarooms.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Police were granted powers to impose curfews and indefinitely detain citizens, while all publications were subjected to substantial censorship by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ But leaders of the Janata Party quickly called for a vote of confidence and won it.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ But leaders of the Janata Party quickly called for a vote of confidence and won it.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Whether it is Atal Bihari Vajpayee , whether it is Indira Gandhi , whether it is anybody, the minute it is a Muslim question, you will get the dariwarala s and only all the maulvi s to speak.” .
^ Desai headed the Janata Party, the dominant factor in the loose anti-Congress coalition.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Chandigarh/In June 1984, when then prime minister Indira Gandhi ordered the Indian Army to storm the Golden Temple complex, home to the holiest Sikh shrine Harmandar Sahib, she could not have realised that the action would engrave her name in the inglorious part of Punjab's history.- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
^ They were unable to agree among themselves, and hence picked Indira Gandhi as a compromise candidate, thinking that she would be easily manipulable .- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Strong-willed, autocratic and determined to govern an almost ungovernable nation that seemed always in strife, Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister four times and the dominant figure in India for almost two decades.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The arrest meant that Indira was automatically expelled from Parliament.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ However, this strategy backfired disastrously.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delh is free and open to all and the preferred time to visit the place is morning 10am to evening 5pm.- Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New DelhiThe Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.asiarooms.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Instead, at dawn two days later, dozens of opposition leaders, including Mr. Desai, the Deputy Prime Minister, were arrested and taken to jail, and Mrs. Gandhi proclaimed a state of emergency.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ My life isn't running by, like "Geez, it seems like just yesterday when I was single and free, and didn't have so many frickin' responsibilities or little ones who depend on me for God knows What."- HQR: HH Master Kirpal -- Indira Gandhi & Quotes : IntentBlog 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.intentblog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Li said, "There are some twisted people who talk of invasion, but China was sure that Sri Lanka could manage her problem."- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Earlier, after the 1977 riots, plantation workers who were Tamils of Indian origin had settled on the two farms.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ She was able to use the situation to her advantage.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Janata coalition was only united by its hatred of Mrs. Gandhi (or "that woman" as some called her); the government was so bogged down by infighting.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
She began giving speeches again, tacitly apologizing for "mistakes" made during the Emergency.
.^ According to Adele, the marriage took place at Murugan Temple, Thiruporur, Madras on October 1, 1984.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Desai headed the Janata Party, the dominant factor in the loose anti-Congress coalition.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ Chandigarh/In June 1984, when then prime minister Indira Gandhi ordered the Indian Army to storm the Golden Temple complex, home to the holiest Sikh shrine Harmandar Sahib, she could not have realised that the action would engrave her name in the inglorious part of Punjab's history.- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
^ The trees were planted by late Prime Minister Shri Rajiv Gandhi.- Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New DelhiThe Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.asiarooms.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In elections held the following January, Congress was returned to power with a landslide majority.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After a short interval, she withdrew her initial support and President Reddy dissolved Parliament in the winter of 1979.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the post-emergency elections in 1977, only the Southern states returned Congress majorities.Desai became Prime Minister and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, the establishment choice of 1969, became President of the Republic.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The sudden death of Indira Gandhi had a telling effect among Tamils in Sri Lanka.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Indira Gandhi Sanctuary situated amidst dense forest landscape in the Anamalai range of Western Ghats, in Tamil Nadu, is a preferred destination of nature lovers.- Indira Gandhi Sanctuary Tour India, Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.primetravels.com [Source type: News]
^ The present impasse calls for a new initiative by India whose good offices have been accepted by both the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil people.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
[21]
Currency crisis
.^ Posted By varun on 12 August, 2009 Hi Sir, Is that B-tech from IGNOU is valuable for us or not in Future?- Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) January 2007 Session Admissions 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.educationobserver.com [Source type: General]
[citation needed]
Operation Blue Star and assassination
Indira Gandhi's blood-stained saree and her belongings at the time of her assassination, preserved at the Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum in New Delhi.
.^ Chandigarh/In June 1984, when then prime minister Indira Gandhi ordered the Indian Army to storm the Golden Temple complex, home to the holiest Sikh shrine Harmandar Sahib, she could not have realised that the action would engrave her name in the inglorious part of Punjab's history.- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
^ During 1984, In her attempt to curb the secessionist movement, she ordered an assault upon the holiest Sikh shrine in Amritsar, called the "Golden Temple".- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ In this attempt, the Golden Temple was damaged, and Mrs. Gandhi earned the undying hatred of Sikhs.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
[22] .^ Chandigarh/In June 1984, when then prime minister Indira Gandhi ordered the Indian Army to storm the Golden Temple complex, home to the holiest Sikh shrine Harmandar Sahib, she could not have realised that the action would engrave her name in the inglorious part of Punjab's history.- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
^ In the Indian government's undeclared war against the Sikhs, a military operation, codenamed "Blue Star", it was alleged that thousands of innocent Sikh devotees trapped in the Golden Temple complex perished.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ USSR commemorative stamp Operation Blue Star and assassination Main article: Operation Blue Star Main article: 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots The neutrality and factual accuracy of this section are disputed.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Her assassination was directly linked with the Sikh uprising in Punjab state and the subsequent campaign undertaken by the Indian army, code-named "Operation Blue Star".- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ On the international scene, relations with the United States, which provided billions of dollars in aid from the 1950's to the 1980's, were sour and tense during much of her tenure.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ During the post-defeat period, she made frequent visits to the Karnataka State, a stronghold of her congress, under the Chief Ministership of Shri.Gundu Rao.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated on this date in 1984: Oct.- Pennsylvania Entertainment News | Music, Movies, TV & More � PennLive.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.pennlive.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indira Gandhi was assassinated on October 31st 1984 by her own trustworthy bodyguards.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum New Delhi The Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum New Delhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.asiarooms.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ As she was walking to be interviewed by the British actor Peter Ustinov filming a documentary for Irish television, she passed a wicket gate, guarded by Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, where they opened fire with machine pistols before being shot themselves by other bodyguards.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When Pramod Mahajan was shot dead by his brother, vice-president Bhairon Singh Shekawat had the time to attend the funeral.
^ Indira Gandhi had numerous bodyguards, two of whom were Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, both Sikhs.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Three arrests were made, although it was because of the youngsters being too fleet of foot for the officers that a couple of others were not taken to headquarters."...- Pennsylvania Entertainment News | Music, Movies, TV & More � PennLive.com 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.pennlive.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When Pramod Mahajan was shot dead by his brother, vice-president Bhairon Singh Shekawat had the time to attend the funeral.
.^ She was taken to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, where doctors operated on her and reportedly removed 31 bullets from her body.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As of this fall, Mrs. Gandhi could count all but four of India's 22 state govenments in her camp, giving her a strong advantage in a national election.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Just before the beginning of the Quit India Movement - the final, all-out national revolt launched by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Party.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Official accounts at the time stated as many as 29 entry and exit wounds and some reports stated 31 bullets were extracted from her body.
.^ She was cremated on November 3, near Raj Ghat and the place was called Shakti Sthal.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Her funeral was televised live on domestic and international stations including the BBC.
Personal life
Initially
Sanjay had been her chosen heir; but after his death in a flying accident, his mother persuaded a reluctant
Rajiv Gandhi to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981.
.^ Strong-willed, autocratic and determined to govern an almost ungovernable nation that seemed always in strife, Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister four times and the dominant figure in India for almost two decades.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ SMT. SONIA GANDHI RENOUNCES POST OF PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ On October 31, 1984 they assassinated Indira Gandhi with machine guns in the garden of the Prime Minister's Residence at No.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Rajeev Gandhi was assassinated on May 1991.- Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum New Delhi The Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum New Delhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.asiarooms.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In May 1991, he too was assassinated, this time at the hands of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam militants.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam claimed responsibility for the attacks on Kent and Dollar farms.- Asia Times: SRI LANKA: THE UNTOLD STORY Chapter 31: Indira Gandhi - a casualty of 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.atimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Sonia Gandhi leads United Progressive Alliance (UPA) to victory in Elections defeating the BJP led NDA .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ Rajiv's widow, Sonia Gandhi, led the United Progressive Alliance to a surprise electoral victory in the 2004 Lok Sabha elections.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Martyrdom of Shri Rajiv Gandhi while campaigning during Lok Sabha Elections .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
Sonia Gandhi declined the opportunity to assume the office of Prime Minister but remains in control of the Congress' political apparatus; Prime Minister Dr.
Manmohan Singh, formerly finance minister, now heads the nation.
.^ Rajiv's children, Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi, have also entered politics.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Personal life Nehru-Gandhi family Main article: Nehru-Gandhi Family Initially Sanjay had been her chosen heir; but after his death in a flying accident, his mother persuaded a reluctant Rajiv Gandhi to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ HRD minister Arjun Singh says Rahul baba has all the qualities of his late father Rajiv Gandhi to be prime minister.
.^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ In 1982 Sanjay Gandhi's widow, Maneka, was evicted from the Prime Minister's house, where she had been living since her marriage.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Smt Indira Gandhi chosen as Prime Minister .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
Legacy
.^ But Rahul Gandhi as prime minister ?
^ Smt Indira Gandhi chosen as Prime Minister .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ The then Congress Party President K. Kamaraj was instrumental in making Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister after the sudden demise of Shastri, Gandhi soon showed an ability to win elections and outmaneuver opponents through populism.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ All Party Committee appointed under Pt Motilal Nehru to draft a Consititution for Independent India .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ She was born and spent part of her childhood in Allahabad , India, where the Nehrus had their family resided, and part in Switzerland , where her mother Kamla convalesced from her periodic illnesses.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Congress became a divided party, with an older group forming around Mr. Desai and a younger, more radical faction gathering around Mrs. Gandhi.- Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India 20 September 2009 15:42 UTC www.nytimes.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ She was born and spent part of her childhood in Allahabad , India, where the Nehrus had their family resided, and part in Switzerland , where her mother Kamla convalesced from her periodic illnesses.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
^ Generations will remember with gratitude the decisive direction Indira Gandhi gave to India's industrialisation and technological advance.
^ EARLY INDIRA In Sanskrit language "Indira" denotes the Leader of the Immortals (Devas), Priya means Love and Dharshini is an exhibiting medium.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ The vocabulary and the idiom of Indian politics were never to be same again after her historic call for 'garibi hatao'.
^ In June 1975, the High Court of Allahabad found her guilty of using illegal practices during the last election campaign, and ordered her to vacate her seat.- IGANDHI 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.drvsrs.com [Source type: Academic]
.^ And I think of those giants who made the Indian National Congress.
^ Sonia Gandhi persuaded to take over as Congress President .- All India Congress Committee - AICC 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.congress.org.in [Source type: Original source]
^ Sonia Gandhi declined the opportunity to assume the office of Prime Minister but remains in control of the Congress' political apparatus; Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, formerly finance minister, now heads the nation.- IRON LADY SMT. INDIRA GANDHI IS OUR PRIDE, YOUTUBE PLEASE ST... - Care2 News Network 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.care2.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He questions the political morality of attaching a politician’s name to government programmes aimed at improving the lives of citizens.
^ The next generation of slum dwellers will buy a home and move out of the slums to, may be, low cost housing.- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
^ The step-by-step process would be village-city slums-city low cost housing-city middle income group housing-city suburbs.- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
.^ Delhi - Indira Gandhi International and its surroundings, rainradar Europe .- The weather in Delhi - Indira Gandhi International? Weather forecast Delhi - Indira Gandhi International - 14 days weatherforecast Delhi - Indira Gandhi International India 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.meteox.com [Source type: News]
^ The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delh is free and open to all and the preferred time to visit the place is morning 10am to evening 5pm.- Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New DelhiThe Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts New Delhi 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.asiarooms.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix Local News: Houston, TX .- Sikhs have neither forgotten nor forgiven Indira Gandhi - Topix 14 January 2010 14:50 UTC www.topix.com [Source type: General]
See also
References
- ^ Gandhi, Indira. (1982) My Truth
- ^ Katherine Frank, pages 139
- ^ Katherine Frank, pages 144
- ^ Katherine Frank, pages 136
- ^ Katherine Frank, pages 164
- ^ "AROUND THE WORLD; Mrs. Gandhi Not Hindu, Daughter-in-Law Says". New York Times. 2 May 1984. http://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/02/world/around-the-world-mrs-gandhi-not-hindu-daughter-in-law-says.html. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ Tribute to Feroze Gandhi, Satya Prakash Malaviya, The Hindu, 20-Oct-2002
- ^ Katherine Frank, pages 303. Also lists other put-downs commonly used to describe the forty-year-old Indira Gandhi, both in the press and by her Congress colleagues. Lyndon Johnson referred to her as 'this girl'.
- ^ U.S. Consulate (Dacca) Cable, Sitrep: Army Terror Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some Difficulties Elsewhere, 31 March 1971, Confidential, 3 pp
- ^ East Pakistan: Even the Skies Weep, Time Magazine, 25 October 1971.
- ^ Nixon's dislike of 'witch' Indira, BBC News, 29 June 2005
- ^ Nixon's dislike of 'witch' Indira, BBC News, 29 June 2005
- ^ "India's Green Revolution". Indiaonestop.com. http://indiaonestop.com/Greenrevolution.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
- ^ Ibid. #3 pages 295
- ^ Farmer, B.H.,Perspectives on the 'Green Revolution' Modern Asian Studies, xx No.1 (February, 1986) pages 177
- ^ Rath, Nilakantha, "Garibi Hatao": Can IRDP Do It?"(EWP,xx,No.6) February 1981.
- ^ Katherine Frank, pages 372
- ^ Kochanek, Stanely, "Mrs. Gandhi's Pyramid: The New Congress, (Westview Press, Boulder, CO 1976) pages 98
- ^ Brass, Paul R., The Politics of India Since Independence,(Cambridge University Press, England 1995) pages 40
- ^ Malhotra, Inder. Indira Gandhi. New York: Coronet Books, 1991.
- ^ Lost opportunities for the Tamils
- ^ Ibid, pages 105.
- ^ indiatimepass http://www.indiatimepass.com/famous_indians/Indra-gandhi.html
- ^ The Economist http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-6781540.html
- ^ Khushwant Singh's autobiography - the Tribune
Further reading
- Ved Mehta, A Family Affair: India Under Three Prime Ministers (1982) ISBN 0-19-503118-0
- Pupul Jayakar, Indira Gandhi: An Intimate Biography (1992) ISBN 9780679424796
- Katherine Frank, Indira: the life of Indira Nehru Gandhi (2002) ISBN 0-395-73097-X
- Ramachandra Guha, India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy (2007) ISBN 978-0-06-019881-7
- Inder Malhotra, Indira Gandhi: A personal and political biography (1991) ISBN 0-340-53548-2
External links
| Persondata |
| NAME |
Gāndhī, Indira Priyadarśinī |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES |
इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी (Devanāgarī) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION |
Prime Minister of India |
| DATE OF BIRTH |
19 November 1917(1917-11-19) |
| PLACE OF BIRTH |
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| DATE OF DEATH |
31 October 1984 |
| PLACE OF DEATH |
New Delhi, India |
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