Ingush is a language spoken by about 413,000 people (2002)^[1], known as the Ingush, across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Kazakhstan and Russia. In Ingush, the language is called ГІалгІай Ğalğaj (pronounced [ʁəlʁɑj]).

Classification

Ingush and Chechen, together with Bats, constitute the Nakh branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. They are not mutually intelligible, though there is pervasive passive bilingualism between Ingush and Chechen.

Geographic distribution

Ingush is spoken by about 413,000 people (2002)^[1], primarily across a region in the Caucasus covering parts of Russia, primarily Ingushetia and Chechnya. Speakers can also be found in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belgium, Norway, Turkey and Jordan.

Official status

Ingush is, alongside Russian, an official language of Ingushetia, a federal subject of Russia.

Writing system

Ingush became a written language with an Arabic-based writing system at the beginning of the 20th century. After the October revolution it first used a Latin alphabet which was later replaced by Cyrillic letters.

Phonology

Vowels

The diphthongs are иэ /ie/, уо /uo/, оа /oɑ/, ий /ij/, эи /ei/, ои /oi/, уи /ui/, ов /ow/, ув /uw/.

Consonants

The consonants of Ingush are as follows:^[2]

• Note that the epiglottals are traditionally called 'pharyngeal', with the epiglottal articulation subsumed under pharyngeal. However, truly pharyngeal plosives are not considered possible.

Grammar

Ingush is a nominative-accusative language in its syntax, though it has ergative morphology.^[3]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Ethnologue report for Ingush
2. ^ http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~ingush/ing_ss_ipa_666px.jpg
3. ^ Johanna Nichols, Case in Ingush Syntax

External links

• Indigenous Language of the Caucasus (Ingush)
• Ingush Language Project at UC Berkeley
• University of Graz report