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.^ It's Not Only About Iraq The animating ideology of the caliphate helps explain al-Qaida actions that otherwise make no sense.
^ Saddam Hussein's cousin Ali Hassan al-Majeed, also known as “Chemical Ali,” was sentenced to death for his role in Iraq's Kurdish genocide .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The most senior U.S. general in Iraq said that if security continues to improve and political progress advances, he may recommend further troop reductions by the end of this summer.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[3]
.^ Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Turkey met in Istanbul and issued a statement warning Iraq to take advantage of the opportunity left to it to avoid war."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq Promises Hard Line Against Rebel Attacks on Turkey Iraq has confirmed it will take a hard line against Kurdish rebels attacking Turkey from the north, as Turkey prepares to launch cross-border raids.
^ Aside from the geopolitical risks regarding Saudi Arabia and Iran, another risk factor is actually Japan.- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ WORDING: Would you favor or oppose sending American troops back to the Persian Gulf in order to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ WORDING: Would you favor or oppose sending American ground troops to the Persian Gulf in an attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Osama bin Laden urged Muslims to attack oil facilities in Iraq and the Persian Gulf.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Six counting centers across the country were established in six cities."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ April 2003 "Workers at Baghdad's Archaeological Museum carry in recovered items that had been looted following the liberation of the Iraqi capital city."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Two hundred and seventy-five members met at a convention center on the Tigris River while explosions rattled the convention center's windows.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The bodies of seven men were discovered in the Tigris River south of Baghdad, and the bodies of two men were found in the Euphrates river south of Baghdad.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Four American mercenaries employed by Blackwater Security Consulting were pulled from their vehicles in Fallujah, Iraq , hacked to death, burned, and dragged through the streets; the remains of two were then hung from a bridge over the Euphrates River along with a sign that said "Fallujah is the cemetery for Americans."- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ This would not be the first time the countries of central and eastern Europe - from the Balkan to the steppes of central Asia - bear the costs of Western policies against Iraq.
^ It was revealed that prior to the U.S. invasion, Iraqi foreign minister Naji Sabri had, for a fee, provided the United States with detailed assessments of Iraq's military capabilities .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Central Iraq was once known as Mesopotamia and was a cradle of ancient civilization.
^ Battles have been fought on the fertile strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers countless times over the centuries.
.^ Kidnappings Continue in Iraq But Fewer Are Murdered Thousands of Iraqis, and more than 200 foreigners, have been kidnapped in Iraq since March 2003.
.^ The bodies of seven men were discovered in the Tigris River south of Baghdad, and the bodies of two men were found in the Euphrates river south of Baghdad.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ The price of the Iraq war is not yet clear, but the history of Empires is quite unambiguous.- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq History - From the Beginning of Man to the Fall of Saddam Iraq exists in an area of the world that has a long history.
^ It has long advised against travelling to Iraq, but is now warning of the danger of British citizens...
[4][5] The
Kingdom of Iraq was founded in 1932.
.^ American and British planes bombed Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ A congressional study found that the occupation of Iraq is unsustainable given the current size of the U.S. military, and the United States released a draft resolution calling on the United Nations to create a multinational peacekeeping force for Iraq that would remain under American military and political control.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The ISF operated in major military actions against insurgents, terrorists, and militias with the support of the Multi-National Force--Iraq.- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Iraq's governing council approved an interim constitution.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ JUNE 28, 2004: U.S. transfers sovereignty to Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Iraq's new interim Governing Council was announced.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ The proposals foresee a long-term presence of about 50,000 US troops, down from the current figure of more than 160,000.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ We envisage the U.S. troop presence by year’s end to be under 100,000, with most of the remaining troops to return home by the end of 2007.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ There are currently 146,000 US troops in Iraq and 33,000 in Afghanistan.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[6] There is a deadline for the full withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Iraq by 31 December 2011.
[7]
Etymology
The
Arabic name
العراق al-ʿIrāq has been in use since before the 6th century. There are several suggested origins for the name. One dates to the
Sumerian city of
Uruk (Biblical Hebrew
Erech) and is thus ultimately of
Sumerian origin, as
Uruk was the
Akkadian name for the Sumerian city of
Unug, containing the Sumerian word for "city",
URU.
[8][9] another maintains according to Professor Wilhelm Eilers, "The name al-‘Irāq, for all its Arabic appearance, is derived from
Middle Persian erāq lowlands".
[10].^ Iran and Us to Hold Iraq Talks Iran and the US are to hold ambassadorial level talks on Iraq, the Iranian foreign minister said today, in the first substantive contacts between the countries for years.
^ The suit calls the incident a “senseless slaying” and claims it was part of “Blackwater’s lengthy pattern of egregious misconduct in Iraq.” [CNN, 10/11/07 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Leaving Iraq now is the West's Ultimate Suicide Instead of leaving Iraq, the US should cooperate with Turkey, Israel and India in invading Syria and Iran.
.^ A large number of the included cuneiform tablets are from areas which today are part of modern Iraq.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[14]
As an Arabic word,
عراق means
hem, shore, bank, or edge,
[15] so that the name by
folk etymology came to be interpreted as "the
escarpment", viz. at the south and east of the
.^ Tony Blair told Al Jazeera that western intervention in Iraq had been “pretty much of a disaster.” .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ They dropped two large bombs on a residential area of Baghdad, at the northern edge of the city, and inflicted utter devastation.
[16]The
Arabic pronunciation is
[ʕiˈrɑːq].
.^ Effort to Save Heritage Puts Lives at Risk First there were whispered threats, then last week shots fired at his house and his car.
/aɪˈræk/ is frequently heard in US media.
History
Ancient Iraq
.^ Kidnappings Continue in Iraq But Fewer Are Murdered Thousands of Iraqis, and more than 200 foreigners, have been kidnapped in Iraq since March 2003.
.^ Central Iraq was once known as Mesopotamia and was a cradle of ancient civilization.
^ The bodies of seven men were discovered in the Tigris River south of Baghdad, and the bodies of two men were found in the Euphrates river south of Baghdad.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ WHO Warns of Iraq Cholera Outbreak A severe shortage of clean drinking water has left southern Iraq facing a mass cholera outbreak, the World Health Organisation warned today.
It was here in the late
4th millennium BC, that the world's
first writing system and recorded history itself were born.
.^ One notable crime was the looting of the National Museum of Iraq , which held a massive collection of ancient artifacts from more than 7,000 years of Mesopotamian civilization.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Over two centuries of Akkadian dominance was followed by a
Sumerian Renaissance in the
21st century BC. An
Elamite invasion in 2004 BC brought the
Third Dynasty of Ur to an end.
.^ NOVEMBER 27, 2006: NBC News decides to refer to war in Iraq as a “civil war.” [MSNBC, 11/27/2006 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ December 2004 Civil Affairs Assistance helps Kurds tell their Story in Northern Iraq U.S. Army Special Operations Command http://www.soc.mil/news/releases/04DEC/041229-01.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ September 2003 Coalition Improving Water Distribution Efforts in Northern Iraq News Release - U.S. Central Command http://www.centcom.mil/CENTCOMNews/News_Release.asp?NewsRelease=20030917.txt .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Army Chiefs Resist Call for More Iraq Troops British commanders fear getting sucked into US operations as Falluja battle rages.
.^ In the 17th century it came under rule of the Ottoman Empire.
[17] .^ Central Iraq was once known as Mesopotamia and was a cradle of ancient civilization.
.^ Arab Muslims conquered Iraq in the 7th century and made it a center of Islamic culture.
Islamic Golden Age
.^ Arab Muslims conquered Iraq in the 7th century and made it a center of Islamic culture.
.^ It's Not Only About Iraq The animating ideology of the caliphate helps explain al-Qaida actions that otherwise make no sense.
^ Saddam Hussein's cousin Ali Hassan al-Majeed, also known as “Chemical Ali,” was sentenced to death for his role in Iraq's Kurdish genocide .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ But Hussein al-Tahaan, a militiaman turned bureaucrat, pledges civic order, and better pavements, for Iraq's chaotic capital.
.^ Arab Muslims conquered Iraq in the 7th century and made it a center of Islamic culture.
(However, eventually there was a separate, independent
Caliphate of Cordoba.)
.^ Baghdad bans Arab TV for broadcasting 'poison' Iraq's governing council banned the Arab world's two leading television channels yesterday from government offices and news conferences, accusing them of broadcasting "poison".
^ Iraq has been largely isolated from its mostly Sunni Muslim Arab neighbors as violence skyrocketed and the influence of Shiite Iran became more pronounced.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Arab Muslims conquered Iraq in the 7th century and made it a center of Islamic culture.
.^ Crime Puts Iraqi Women Under House Arrest Suzanne Goldenberg in Baghdad finds the city's female population crushed by the lawlessness under US occupation.
^ US Releases More Abu Ghraib Prisoners As fresh claims of abuse by US guards in Iraq emerged today, the US military released more than 400 prisoners from Abu Ghraib, the prison at the centre of the scandal.
^ Colour-coded Perception Defies Dangerous Reality in Mosul Mosul is Iraq's second city, with a population of 1.7 million people.
.^ As Sunnis and Shias emerged into the scurrying, burning, breaking madness of Baghdad yesterday, a city sacking itself, the Sunni-Shia divide was meaningless.
^ Mongolian troops returned to Baghdad for the first time since 1258, when Hulegu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, destroyed the city and killed 800,000 people.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ FEBRUARY 11, 2008: Car bombs kill 11 in southern Baghdad during a visit to the city by U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[19]
Mongol rule
.^ Operation Steel Hammer, intended to end Al Qaeda operations in Hit, west of Baghdad , was launched with a force of 1,500 U.S. Marines , 500 U.S. Army soldiers, and 500 Iraqi soldiers.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Number of Chinese engineers who accompanied the Mongol Khan Hulägu on his siege of Baghdad in 1257: 1,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
When they arrived at the Islamic capital, Hulagu demanded surrender but the last Abbasid Caliph
Al-Musta'sim refused. This angered Hulagu, and, consistent with Mongol strategy of discouraging resistance, Baghdad was decimated.
[20] .^ Estimated number of soccer balls the U.S. government sent Iraq this summer to help "bring life back to normal": 60,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Estimated number of U.S. sorties flown in Iraqi no-fly zones last year: 10,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ An estimated 1 million turned up in various cities in Spain, another country behind the U.S. in supporting a war (about 200,000 in Seville, 600,000 in Madrid, for example).- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[21]
Abbasid-era coins, Baghdad, 1244.
.^ More than 100,000 Iraqis filled the streets of Baghdad in a march supporting the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani in his demand for direct elections .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Aides to congressional members were briefed at the White House, while Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki briefed his national security council in Baghdad.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ November 1882 Editor's drawer/Fiction Editor's drawer By G.T. L. SEE ALSO: Baghdad ; Caliphs ; Historical fiction ; Iraq ; Mutilation, defacement, etc.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
The city has never regained its status as major center of culture and influence.
.^ Some analysts believe civil unrest might unfold in Saudi Arabia, Iran and other Gulf states in the aftermath of an unpopular U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq [ 3 ] .- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ One must also consider that the Gulf War left much of the military and civilian infrastructure destroyed.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Other historians point to
soil salination as the culprit in the decline in agriculture.
[22]
The mid-14th-century
Black Death ravaged much of the
Islamic world.
[23] .^ June 1984 Readings/Graphs/charts The Iran/Iraq arms bazaar SEE ALSO: Arms transfers ; Charts, diagrams, etc.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Why America risks failing in Iraq An anti-colonial country like America needs an anti-colonial perception of the historical developments in the Middle East.
^ Stand in line for human rights when there is news that the Middle East or Iraq or Africa explode.
[24]In 1401, warlord of Mongol descent
Tamerlane (Timur Lenk) invaded Iraq. After the capture of Bagdad, 20,000 of its citizens were massacred.
[25] .^ Hans Blix, the head of the United Nations ' inspection commission, negotiated a deal with Iraq to allow the return of weapons inspectors within two weeks.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ In Baghdad at least 28 people were killed when two suicide bombers attacked the Interior Ministry.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Two Us Soldiers Killed in Baghdad Ambush The US military today announced that two US soldiers were killed and four injured when they were ambushed in Baghdad last night.
[26]Ottoman Empire
.^ September 2004 Restoring Power : USAIDs Role in Restoring Electricity to Iraq "Most areas of Iraq are now receiving 11-15 hours of electricity service a day.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Satellite television, banned during Saddam Hussein's regime, is now in big demand in Iraq."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Now thinking about the past two years, do you think Iraq has made real progress toward establishing a democratic government, or don't you think Iraq has made any progress in this area?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
In
1466, the
White Sheep Turkmen defeated the Black Sheep and took control.
.^ In the 17th century it came under rule of the Ottoman Empire.
^ A Blackwater helicopter in Iraq dropped CS gas, “a riot-control substance the American military in Iraq can use only under the strictest conditions,” on a crowded checkpoint in Baghdad.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Echoes of the Past A Baghdad graveyard holds reminders of a previous British occupation of Iraq, as well a lesson for the present, writes Luke Harding.
.^ September 2004 Restoring Power : USAIDs Role in Restoring Electricity to Iraq "Most areas of Iraq are now receiving 11-15 hours of electricity service a day.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ [M]issing from the entire presentation was any serious talk about a threat posed by Iraq, either to the United States or even to any country in the region.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Gates of Hell The war in Iraq is more resembling the Battle of Algiers with every passing day.
The
Safavid dynasty of
Iran briefly asserted their hegemony over Iraq in the periods of 1508–1533 and 1622–1638.
.^ A new study by the Committee to Protect Journalists found that of the 580 journalists who have been killed over the last 15 years, 78 reporters died in Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ April 2004 Iraq Wetlands Restoration Program U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/pdf/iraq_marshlands.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ February 2005 Democracy Sparks Iraq's Need for More Electricity "Technicians in Iraq are working hard to meet demands for more electricity to power air conditioners, refrigerators and other appliances, a senior American military officer [U.S. Army Brig.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In 1831, the Ottomans managed to overthrow the Mamluk regime and imposed their direct control over Iraq.
[27] .^ Colour-coded Perception Defies Dangerous Reality in Mosul Mosul is Iraq's second city, with a population of 1.7 million people.
[28]
Under British influence
.^ Iraq's military strength is now less than half the size of the time of the last Gulf War.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bush vows not to back down as US toll in Iraq war crosses 2000 "We face a brutal enemy that has got an ideology and a strategy to impose their view on the world.
^ Syria and Iraq, which had long traded accusations of interference, were ruled by rival branches of the Baath Party until the American invasion of 2003 toppled Saddam Hussein.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ Tjarda to 16 Oct 1945) Commanders of British forces 29 Sep 1945 - 30 Jan 1946 Sir Philip Christison (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Base to Be Handed to Iraqi Force British troops are moving out of a base in southern Iraq where they faced some of the fiercest fighting encountered by UK forces.
^ On 16 December 1998 aircraft from the United States and the United Kingdom began a four-day campaign against Iraqi military targets.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
British forces regrouped and
captured Baghdad in 1917. An armistice was signed in 1918.
.^ Base to Be Handed to Iraqi Force British troops are moving out of a base in southern Iraq where they faced some of the fiercest fighting encountered by UK forces.
^ By Gary Younge Army Chief: British Troops Must Pull Out of Iraq Soon General attacks government policy that has 'exacerbated' security risks.
^ Members of the British government said that the bombings on the London tube were not related to the war in Iraq , but only 28 percent of British people agreed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
The Sykes-Picot agreement was a secret agreement between UK and France with the assent of Imperial Russia, defining their respective sphere of influence and control in West Asia after the expected downfall of the Ottoman Empire during the World War I. The Agreement was concluded on 16 May 1916.
[29] On 11 November 1920 it became a
League of Nations mandate under British control with the name "
State of Iraq".
.^ Iran Helping Religious Militias in Iraq, British Envoy Warns Britain's most senior official in Baghdad warned yesterday that Iran was still giving "unwelcome" support to fundamentalist Shia groups in Iraq.
^ Iraq's Universities and Schools Near Collapse As Teachers and Pupils Flee Iraq's school and university system is in danger of collapse in large areas of the country as pupils and teachers take flight in the face of threats of violence.
^ U.S. and Turkish officials were still discussing Turkey's plan to send troops into northern Iraq to prevent the Kurds from establishing an independent state.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ The Gaping Hole in Iraq Occupation has brought social collapse, Bloody Sunday shootings and the waking of a Shi'ite giant.
.^ High commissioners 1 Oct 1920 - 4 May 1923 Sir Percy Cox (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ High commissioners 1 Jul 1920 - 30 Jun 1925 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ AUGUST 15, 2006: 3,438 Iraq civilians died in July, “the deadliest month of the war for Iraqi civilians.” [New York Times, 8/15/06 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ The US Iraq policy was not bad; if anything, it was badly conceived and lamentably implemented.
^ If Barack Obama's policy on Iraq had been implemented,” he said, “Barack Obama couldn't go to Iraq today.” .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[30][31]
.^ The Sandiego Tribune also highlighted ( February 14, 2003 ) that even for the U.S. protest movement, not only is there such diversity, but that the "U.S. anti-war movement [is] based in the mainstream".- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Various protestors and critics of such foreign policies, especially by the British and Americans, have opposed these countries supporting and arming Saddam Hussein in the first place.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The Land Settlement Act gave the tribal shaykhs the right to register the communal tribal lands in their own name. The Tribal Disputes Regulations gave them judiciary rights, whereas the Peasants' Rights and Duties Act of 1933 severely reduced the tenants', forbidding them to leave the land unless all their debts to the landlord had been settled.
.^ US 'to Attack Iraq Via Jordan' Military planners prepare to use British forces in an allied assault within months.
^ The U.S. military said this month that 12,000 American troops, in addition to 4,000 British forces, will leave Iraq within six months.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ In the Iraqi territory of the Shatt al-Arab waterway, Iranian forces captured and detained 15 members of the British Royal Navy.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Territorial Army Soldier Killed in Iraq British troops fired on by crowd after being diverted by roadblock following raid on village.
^ Army Chiefs Resist Call for More Iraq Troops British commanders fear getting sucked into US operations as Falluja battle rages.
^ Chance that a day since December 28 has passed without U.S. or British forces bombing Iraq : 1 in 2 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
World War I
.^ If the United States is viewed as having lost the war in Iraq, how much would that bother you -- a great deal, a moderate amount, not much, or not at all?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ During the Gulf War of 1991, the United States had imposed military control on the information, which meant that the media portrayal would not have given a complete picture.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If Iraq were to use biological or chemical weapons during a war with the United States, it could have tragic consequences, but it would not alter the war's outcome.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The British lost 92,000 soldiers in the
Mesopotamian campaign. Ottoman losses are unknown but the British captured a total of 45,000
prisoners of war.
.^ We envisage the U.S. troop presence by year’s end to be under 100,000, with most of the remaining troops to return home by the end of 2007.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ The top U.S. commander in Iraq said that he remains “absolutely committed” to pulling back all combat troops from urban areas by the end of the month, as provided for in a U.S.-Iraqi security agreement.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ RECOMMENDATION 40: The United States should not make an open-ended commitment to keep large numbers of American troops deployed in Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ Photographs of Iraq by Gertrude Bell Traveller, mountaineer and Arabic speaker, Gertrude Bell was recruited by British Intelligence during the First World War and later became Oriental Secretary to the High Commissioner in Baghdad.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the southern city of Basra, the British military held a ceremony to honor those who died during the war.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ It was pointed out that the United States has been fighting in Iraq for as long as it fought Germany during World War II .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Treaty of Lausanne, led to the advent of modern
Western Asia and
Republic of Turkey.
.^ For weeks, amongst various United Nations Security Council members, there was disagreement about how to deal with the Iraq issue.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ January 2004 UN Continues Humanitarian Work in Iraq United Nations Press Release http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/iha856.doc.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Security Council Backs Iraq Force Despite UN mandate, France and Germany unlikely to send troops.
Parts of the
Ottoman Empire on the
Arabian Peninsula became parts of what are today
Saudi Arabia and
Yemen.
British Mandate of Mesopotamia
.^ Failing to rally the citizenry for truly patriotic purposes to strengthen our nation was perhaps one of the greatest missed opportunities since the end of the Cold War.- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It was pointed out that the United States has been fighting in Iraq for as long as it fought Germany during World War II .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ UN Agrees Long-awaited Smart Sanctions for Iraq The United Nations security council yesterday finally agreed to an overhaul of sanctions that were imposed against Iraq 11 years ago at the end of the Gulf War.
.^ The funding summary and fact sheet have been consolidated into a single document, as of August 2003.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ June 2003 Moneychanger Weighs Iraqi Dinars at Outdoor Stalll in Baghdad Photo and descriptive text U.S. Department of State http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/gallery/iraq-2003/0616mon1.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ New Iraqi Government 'within Days' The Iraqi prime minister-designate said today he expected to form the country's first full-term government since the end of Saddam Hussein's regime within the next two days.
.^ UN Sets Out Rules for Iraq Talks Mohammed el-Baradei, the head of the UN's nuclear watchdog, today set out his conditions for returning to Baghdad for talks with Iraqi officials.
^ New Plan to Curb Iraqi Violence Iraqi leaders were meeting today to try to flesh out a new four-point plan aimed at curbing sectarian violence in Baghdad.
^ In the 17th century it came under rule of the Ottoman Empire.
.^ Saddam Hussein's use of chemical weapons on his own people, which we are always reminded of, occurred during the time that Hussein was an ally of the United States, and was armed by the U.S. (which we are hardly reminded of).- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The administration was reportedly planning to create an “inspection crisis” by demanding that Iraq admit arms inspectors and then using the expected refusal to justify an attack.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ British colonial rulers didn't hesitate to use chemical weapons and extermination techniques against the people of the Middle East (Blair never mentions this when he muses about the "civilized world").- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Base to Be Handed to Iraqi Force British troops are moving out of a base in southern Iraq where they faced some of the fiercest fighting encountered by UK forces.
^ As John Pilger points out , there are a few who do, but these are not the norm, and they do not usually get the prominence they deserve.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ US Forces to Pull Out of Falluja US forces today announced an end to their siege of Falluja, saying they will pull out immediately to allow a newly-created, Iraqi security force to secure the city.
.^ The fractious Iraqi opposition and the two main Kurdish factions set up an Iraqi Interim Authority, a government-in-waiting with 14 ministries and a military command.
^ These projects mark the first time there has been public access to the Internet in Umm Qasr and the first time in decades that there have been administrative offices for a locally-selected government."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Sunni Arab prisoners, many of whom had been severely tortured , were found in the basement of an Iraqi Interior Ministry compound.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[32]
Kingdom of Iraq
.^ Pretender Joins Battle for Baghdad Cousin of murdered King Faisal bids for restoration of Iraq's short-lived monarchy.
^ Base to Be Handed to Iraqi Force British troops are moving out of a base in southern Iraq where they faced some of the fiercest fighting encountered by UK forces.
^ US Assumes Uk Help in Iraq, Says General British support for military action against Iraq is taken for granted in the US, a leading American general said today.
.^ Sep 1933 - 4 Apr 1939 Ghazi I (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ US Officer Guilty of Killing Iraqi General During Questioning A US army officer was guilty of negligent homicide in the death of an Iraqi general during an interrogation, a military court ruled on Saturday.
'Abd al-Ilah served as
Regent during Faisal's minority.
.^ Apr 1941 - 30 May 1941 Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (3rd time) (s.a.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Mar 1940 - 3 Feb 1941 Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (2nd time) (s.a.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ April 2003 Amir Rashid Muhammad al-Ubaydi is in Coalition Custody "Amir Rashid Muhammad al-Ubaydi surrendered Monday and is currently in Coalition custody.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Considering the core economic challenges that our nation faces, and the deplorable oil currency war that I fear we are about to witness in Iraq, this author advocates that the global monetary system be reformed without delay.- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hans Blix, the head of the United Nations ' inspection commission, negotiated a deal with Iraq to allow the return of weapons inspectors within two weeks.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
The war started on 2 May and an armistice was signed 31 May.
.^ July 2003 "Members of Iraq's Governing Council pose for a picture following their meeting at the former Ministry of Military Industry in central Baghdad, July 13.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq gained full independence in 1932 and a military coup eventually ended the monarchy in 1958.
The occupation ended on 26 October 1947. The rulers during the occupation and the remainder of the Hashemite monarchy were
Nuri al-Said, the autocratic Prime Minister, who also ruled from 1930–1932, and 'Abd al-Ilah, the former Regent who now served as an adviser to King Faisal II.
Republic of Iraq
.^ July 2005 Iraqi Army Activates new 5th Brigade "The Iraqi Army activated its 5th Brigade, 6th Division during a ceremony at Muthana Airfield [Baghdad] June 29 ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Mahdi Army The Mahdi army, also known as the Mahdi Militia, is an Iraqi militia group created by the Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr in June 2003.
^ The Iraqi unit from 2nd Battalion, 3rd Brigade, 6th Iraqi Army Division, positively identified one of the men as a known bomb manufacturer.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The coup brought
Brigadier General Abdul Karim Qassim to power.
.^ Suicide bomber attacks US checkpoint A suicide bomber struck at a US military checkpoint in Baghdad last night, only metres from where crowds had celebrated the collapse of the Iraqi regime.
^ Snipers killed 20 pilgrims at a Shiite festival in Baghdad ; a government employee noted that it was an improvement over last year, when nearly a thousand died in stampedes.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Members of the British government said that the bombings on the London tube were not related to the war in Iraq , but only 28 percent of British people agreed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Presidents 8 Feb 1963 - 13 Apr 1966 Abdul Salam Arif (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Apr 1966 - 17 Jul 1968 Abdul Rahman Arif (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Nov 1963) 13 Apr 1966 - 16 Apr 1966 Abdul Rahman al-Bazzaz (acting) (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
.^ Apr 1966 - 17 Jul 1968 Abdul Rahman Arif (b.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ May 1967 - 10 Jul 1967 Abdul Rahman Arif (s.a.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
Ahmed Hasan Al-Bakir became the first Baath
President of Iraq but then the movement gradually came under the control of
Saddam Hussein al Tikriti, who acceded to the presidency and control of the
Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), then Iraq's supreme executive body, in July 1979.
.^ A new judge took over the Saddam Hussein trial and had Hussein and co-defendant Barzan Ibrahim removed from the courtroom after Hussein began shouting and Ibrahim called the court "a bastard."- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Jul 1968 - 16 Jul 1979 Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr (2nd time) (s.a.- Countries I 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.rulers.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Iraq to Go Ahead With Hangings Despite Un Call to Halt Them The Iraqi government said yesterday it will execute two of Saddam Hussein's henchmen despite a call from the UN to refrain from hanging them.
. Shortly after taking power, the political situation in Iraq's neighbor Iran changed drastically after the success of the
Islamic Revolution of
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in a
Shi'ite Muslim theocratic state being established.
^ President Bush , in his first State of the Union address, identified Iran , Iraq , and North Korea as an “ axis of evil .” .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ June 1984 Readings/Graphs/charts The Iran/Iraq arms bazaar SEE ALSO: Arms transfers ; Charts, diagrams, etc.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ June 2003 Large variety of newspapers being sold in Baghdad Photo and descriptive text U.S. Department of State http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/gallery/iraq-2003/0605thu2.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Baghdad bans Arab TV for broadcasting 'poison' Iraq's governing council banned the Arab world's two leading television channels yesterday from government offices and news conferences, accusing them of broadcasting "poison".
^ Iraq to Go Ahead With Hangings Despite Un Call to Halt Them The Iraqi government said yesterday it will execute two of Saddam Hussein's henchmen despite a call from the UN to refrain from hanging them.
^ New Deadline on Iraq Constitution Iraqi leaders tonight put off a vote on a the country's new constitution in order to gain time to try to win over the Sunni Arab minority.
The Baathist regime advocated women literacy and education. Shown here is Saddam Hussein with Iraqi schoolgirls.
.^ He is a member of the Ba'ath Party and Saddam Hussein's half-brother."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Number of members of the Iraqi Communist Party who belong to the Governing Council : 1 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The Shiite militia loyal to Moktada al-Sadr, who reportedly plans to establish a political party , took over a police station in Najaf .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Al-Basso, a former Iraqi military general and hero of the city, was forced into retirement by the former Iraqi regime, during the Iran-Iraq war, shortly after his brother and nephew were executed for plotting an attack on Saddam Hussein."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After toppling Saddam, this administration may decide that Iran's disloyalty to the dollar qualifies them as the next target in the `war on terror.'- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A. Iraq will have a democratic government that will not be overthrown by terrorists or supporters of Saddam Hussein .- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Iraq to Go Ahead With Hangings Despite Un Call to Halt Them The Iraqi government said yesterday it will execute two of Saddam Hussein's henchmen despite a call from the UN to refrain from hanging them.
^ JULY 27, 2007: Iraqi government in the midst of the worst crisis since the fall of Saddam Hussein , say several politicians and analysts.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iran and Us to Hold Iraq Talks Iran and the US are to hold ambassadorial level talks on Iraq, the Iranian foreign minister said today, in the first substantive contacts between the countries for years.
^ Current Status of Iraqi 55 Most Wanted Multi National Force-Iraq http://www.mnf-iraq.com/irag-faqs/most-wanted.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ See also: Human Rights See also: Kurds In 1987-88 Saddam Hussein's government attacked about 40 Kurdish settlements in northern Iraq with chemical weapons.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bush also highlighted the gross human rights abuses that Iraq has long been known for and concluded, "If this is not evil, then evil has no meaning."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ UK company backs Iraq at Baghdad fair A British company will open a stall today at the start of the Baghdad international trade fair in a rare show of support for Saddam Hussein's regime.
.^ In Iraq nearly 1,000 Shiite pilgrims were killed during a march across the Al-Aaimmah bridge when rumors of a suicide bomber in the crowd caused a stampede.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Though precise figures are unavailable, it is estimated that approximately 5,000 Kurds died during the attack or within a few hours and approximately 10,000 Kurds were seriously maimed.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Peter Schoomaker, the Army's top general, revealed that the United States was developing a plan to keep at least 100,000 soldiers in Iraq through 2009.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[36] .^ Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The American people are oblivious to the potential economic risks regarding the Iraq war.- Revisited - The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War in Iraq: A Macroeconomic and Geostrategic Analysis of the Unspoken Truth, by William Clark, updated: Jan 2004 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ratical.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Go to: Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 Go to: Table of Contents Iraqi Armed Forces .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ US Iraq policy: from mistake to disaster?
^ Iran and Us to Hold Iraq Talks Iran and the US are to hold ambassadorial level talks on Iraq, the Iranian foreign minister said today, in the first substantive contacts between the countries for years.
^ The US Iraq policy was not bad; if anything, it was badly conceived and lamentably implemented.
.^ If there are one million, that is still less than the number of people who died in the wars he started."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Under the so-called "tilt" toward Iraq, the Reagan-Bush administration decided to assist Iraq in its war against Iran during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Millions of people around the world demonstrated against George W. Bush's coming war on Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[37]
.^ Iraqi Pm Calls for Halt to Baghdad Wall Washington says it will 'respect' opposition to construction of barrier sealing off Sunni neighbourhood.
^ We do not want to start a conflict with Iran ,” said Iraqi government spokesman Ali al-Dabbagh.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ British Troops Under Attack After Iraqi Deaths Hundreds of Iraqis pelted British soldiers with stones yesterday for the second day running, following earlier clashes in the town of Amara, 230 miles south-east of Baghdad, in which six Iraqis were shot dead.
.^ In February 1994, the IAEA completed the removal from Iraq of all weapon-usable nuclear material essentially research reactor fuel.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In February 1994, the IAEA completed the removal from Iraq of all weapon-usable nuclear material essentially research reactor fuel.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Side Note This would also negate the need to use small nuclear weapons by the U.S., as they said they would, which is also discussed further below .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The U.S. warned that it reserves the right to use nuclear weapons on Iraq if necessary.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Gulf War
.^ Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ It was revealed that the U.S. military found a directive in the possession of Saddam Hussein telling his followers not to cooperate with foreign Arab jihadists who might enter Iraq to fight the Americans, because their agendas are incompatible.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ August 1990 United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 "Condemns the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait" and "Demands that Iraq withdraw immediately and unconditionally all its forces to the positions in which they were located on 1 August 1990."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Views on Iraq-Kuwait Crisis, 1990-1991 PDF IMAGES .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Hans Blix, the head of the United Nations ' inspection commission, negotiated a deal with Iraq to allow the return of weapons inspectors within two weeks.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ September 1990 United Nations Security Council Resolution 670 Condemned "Iraq's continued occupation of Kuwait, its failure to rescind its actions and end its purported annexation and its holding of third State nationals against their will, in flagrant violation of resolutions 660 (1990), 662 (1990), 664 (1990) and 667 (1990) and of international humanitarian law ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ August 1990 United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 "Condemns the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait" and "Demands that Iraq withdraw immediately and unconditionally all its forces to the positions in which they were located on 1 August 1990."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The only security council resolution expressly authorising the use of force against Iraq was 678, which was passed at the start of the Gulf war in November 1990, and the only action it authorised was such force as was necessary to restore Kuwait's sovereignty.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq invites UN weapons inspector to talks In a move that took the international community by surprise, Iraq has invited the chief United Nations weapons inspector to Baghdad for technical talks, it emerged last night.
.^ A New York Times article ( January 23, 2003 ) captures this, where it is pointed out that "Bush administration officials said today that next week they would confront France, Germany and other skeptics of military action against Iraq by demanding that they agree publicly that Iraq had defied the United Nations Security Council."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The only security council resolution expressly authorising the use of force against Iraq was 678, which was passed at the start of the Gulf war in November 1990, and the only action it authorised was such force as was necessary to restore Kuwait's sovereignty.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nearly 25 percent of Iraq will not be secure for the election , according to one U.S. military commander, who still insisted the poll date should not be changed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
The
United Nations Security Council, under Chapter VII of the
United Nations Charter, adopted Resolution 678, authorizing U.N. member states to use "all necessary means" to "restore
international peace and security in the area." The United States, which had enormous vested interests in the oil supplies of the Persian Gulf region, led an international coalition into Kuwait and Iraq.
.^ Nowhere is this more true than in Iraq.
^ Attacks and casualties suffered by coalition and Iraqi forces and civilians were higher than any other similar time span, said the report.” [AP, 3/14/07 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Nearly 25 percent of Iraq will not be secure for the election , according to one U.S. military commander, who still insisted the poll date should not be changed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Attacks and casualties suffered by coalition and Iraqi forces and civilians were higher than any other similar time span, said the report.” [AP, 3/14/07 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ US Forces Battle for Iraqi Rebel City Offensive in Samarra kills almost 100 insurgents as army begins pre-election pacification push.
^ Operation Steel Hammer, intended to end Al Qaeda operations in Hit, west of Baghdad , was launched with a force of 1,500 U.S. Marines , 500 U.S. Army soldiers, and 500 Iraqi soldiers.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ In Iraq ten people were shot dead north of Baghdad, a family of five was killed by gunmen in Samarra, and the U.S. military denied bombing a wedding party in Hit.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ On 16 December 1998 aircraft from the United States and the United Kingdom began a four-day campaign against Iraqi military targets.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Killed By Three Explosions at Baghdad Hotels Cement mixer used as bomb breaches defences Journalists the target, says Iraqi security chief.
[38][39][40]
.^ Iraq Promises Hard Line Against Rebel Attacks on Turkey Iraq has confirmed it will take a hard line against Kurdish rebels attacking Turkey from the north, as Turkey prepares to launch cross-border raids.
^ Last Wednesday, for example, a Reuters report stated: "The United States threatened possible nuclear retaliation against Iraq if its forces or allies were attacked with doomsday weapons."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ US Ready for War in Iraq The US now has sufficient troops and equipment in the Gulf to launch an attack on Iraq at any time, the US defence secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, announced today.
.^ Under those circumstances, would you believe the U.S. had lost the war, or not?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A. Supports legislation that would cut off funding for the war in Iraq .- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
However, Hussein's gamble failed, as Israel reluctantly accepted a U.S. demand to remain out of the conflict to avoid inflaming tensions.
.^ Arab world riven by fury and despair As American forces tighten their grip in Baghdad, much of the Arab world appears reluctant to accept the inevitable fall of Saddam Hussein's regime.
^ Go to: Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 Go to: Table of Contents Iraqi Armed Forces .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ JUNE 15, 2006: With support of Iraq’s President, Iraqi Vice President asks Bush for a timeline for the withdrawal of foreign forces from Iraq [AP, 6/15/06 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Coalition troops seize Iraqi town Troops take Iraqi border town UK forces join ground offensive Baghdad palace bombed Oil Prices Rise As Iraqi Wells Set Ablaze Oil prices jumped this afternoon following TV reports that oil wells in southern Iraq were burning out of control after apparent acts of sabotage.
^ US Begins Secret Talks to Secure Iraq's Oilfields The US military has drawn up detailed plans to secure and protect Iraq's oilfields to prevent a repeat of 1991 when President Saddam set Kuwait's wells ablaze.
.^ October 1994 United Nations Security Council Resolution 949 Condemns Iraqi military deployments near Kuwait and demands that Iraq withdraw military units deployed in southern Iraq and cooperate with the United Nations Special Commission http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/18082.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Britain and Us Agree Iraq Line Britain and the United States finally reached agreement yesterday on a tough United Nations security council resolution which threatens Saddam Hussein with severe consequences if he fails to grant weapons inspectors unfettered access to Iraq.
^ October 1991 United Nations Security Council Resolution 715 "Demands that Iraq meet unconditionally all its obligations" and cooperate with the U.N. Special Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/18081.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) "By its resolution 687 of 3 April 1991, the United Nations Security Council established the terms and conditions for the formal cease-fire between Iraq and the coalition of Member States co-operating with Kuwait.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ October 1991 United Nations Security Council Resolution 715 "Demands that Iraq meet unconditionally all its obligations" and cooperate with the U.N. Special Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/18081.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For weeks, amongst various United Nations Security Council members, there was disagreement about how to deal with the Iraq issue.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Sunnis and Shias Must Play an Equal Part in a New Iraq More unites the country's rival religious factions than divides them.
^ DECEMBER 2, 2006: “Not working well.” Donald Rumsfeld, describing the Iraq strategy in a classified memo written two days before he resigned.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Iraq Suicide Bombers Kill 80 Two suicide bombers killed at least 80 people in Iraq today as extreme violence continued for a second consecutive day.
.^ Al-Basso, a former Iraqi military general and hero of the city, was forced into retirement by the former Iraqi regime, during the Iran-Iraq war, shortly after his brother and nephew were executed for plotting an attack on Saddam Hussein."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Go to: Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 Go to: Table of Contents Iraqi Armed Forces .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In October 1991 the Iraqi Government announced that it had stored some chemical weapons at Khamisiyah before the War and that these chemical weapons were among the munitions destroyed by the U.S. Army troops in March 1991.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ To show that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction Links with terrorists such as Al Qaeda Deception by Iraq of the U.N. weapons inspectors, and hiding weapons As detailed further above, all three of these themes have been questioned, and top officials have often said that for example, there is no evidence of nuclear weapons development (though there are some questions about chemical and biological weapons but much has been destroyed in prior years), that the links with terrorism is dubious.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ With the embargo preventing the import of new materials, satellites eyeing possible sites for new production, and the return of UN inspectors, it is highly dubious that Iraq could develop an offensive chemical weapons arsenal, particularly since virtually all of their ballistic missiles capable of carrying such weapons have also been accounted for and destroyed.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Four Years On, Un Team Back in Iraq The first team of UN inspectors landed in Baghdad yesterday to resume their search for chemical, biological and nuclear weapons after a four-year interruption.
.^ Finally, in situations such as this Iraq crisis, the more inclusive U.N. General Assembly, which is where all members get a voice (but not a vote), would be harder to buy out.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bob Woodward reported in a new book that Colin Powell warned President Bush that if he invaded Iraq he would have to face the "you break it, you own it" rule.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The White House plans “to outline a plan for gradual troop reductions [in Iraq] beginning next year that would fall far short of the drawdown” demanded by Congress.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ New Iraqi Government 'within Days' The Iraqi prime minister-designate said today he expected to form the country's first full-term government since the end of Saddam Hussein's regime within the next two days.
^ Al-Basso, a former Iraqi military general and hero of the city, was forced into retirement by the former Iraqi regime, during the Iran-Iraq war, shortly after his brother and nephew were executed for plotting an attack on Saddam Hussein."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq 'preparing to Use Chemical Weapons' Iraqi documents obtained by the BBC appear to suggest that the country's president, Saddam Hussein, is preparing to use chemical weapons against western troops in the event of war, it was reported today.
.^ Iraqis Protest at Baghdad Talks Street protests by thousands of Iraqis and a boycott by leading Shia Muslims today marred US-sponsored talks on the formation of a new government in Baghdad.
[41] .^ Estimated barrels of oil illegally exported by Iraq last year: 8,100,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ A suicide melon truck exploded in Mosul , killing six people and damaging many melons .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Many Killed in Baghdad Blasts Two bombs explode near a university in eastern Baghdad, killing up to 65 people, police say, as UN says 35,000 Iraqi civilians died last year.
[42] .^ UK Blocks Us Plans to Spend Oil Fund on Museum Britain has blocked an American plan for a memorial museum in Baghdad to document the atrocities of Saddam Hussein's regime.
^ Suicide bomber attacks US checkpoint A suicide bomber struck at a US military checkpoint in Baghdad last night, only metres from where crowds had celebrated the collapse of the Iraqi regime.
^ Al-Basso, a former Iraqi military general and hero of the city, was forced into retirement by the former Iraqi regime, during the Iran-Iraq war, shortly after his brother and nephew were executed for plotting an attack on Saddam Hussein."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Disarmament crisis
.^ Iraq to Go Ahead With Hangings Despite Un Call to Halt Them The Iraqi government said yesterday it will execute two of Saddam Hussein's henchmen despite a call from the UN to refrain from hanging them.
^ The IAEA inspectors still travel to Iraq and in January [2002] reported full Iraqi compliance.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Blix hails Iraqi cooperation Only hours after the US president, George Bush, threatened to push for a resolution authorising military action against Iraq within days, the chief UN weapons inspector this afternoon described Iraqi cooperation on disarmament as "active or even proactive".
.^ Warner calls on President Bush to begin Iraq withdrawal in September.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ George Bush telephoned the French president, but...
^ George Bush has made some false claims as part of the campaign to get support for war on Iraq.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[43] .^ Resolution 1441, the United Nations and the 'Diplomacy' .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq invites UN weapons inspector to talks In a move that took the international community by surprise, Iraq has invited the chief United Nations weapons inspector to Baghdad for technical talks, it emerged last night.
^ Hans Blix, the head of the United Nations ' inspection commission, negotiated a deal with Iraq to allow the return of weapons inspectors within two weeks.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ More than 500 people were wounded.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ The proposals foresee a long-term presence of about 50,000 US troops, down from the current figure of more than 160,000.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Kidnappings Continue in Iraq But Fewer Are Murdered Thousands of Iraqis, and more than 200 foreigners, have been kidnapped in Iraq since March 2003.
[44][45] .^ Amount of Iraq's oil revenue since 1996 spent on anything but humanitarian programs, Kuwaiti reparations, or U.N. costs: 0 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ America disabled an oil pipeline that had been carrying 200,000 barrels a day from Iraq to Syria, in flagrant violation of United Nations economic sanctions.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ April 2003 (Update) Australian Humanitarian Aid to Iraq http://www.ausaid.gov.au/hottopics/topic.cfm?Id=8614_8794_4510_8987_445 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ See also: Sanctions and the Oil-for-Food Programme Current Rebublic of Iraq - Ministry of Oil http://www.uruklink.net/oil/ .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ May 2002 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1409 An extension of the Oil-for-Food Programme which introduced a "Goods Review List."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ December 1997 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1143 Extends the Oil-for-Food Programme for 180 days http://www.treas.gov/offices/eotffc/ofac/legal/unscrs/1143.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Congress Backs Bush on Iraq The US Senate today voted overwhelmingly in favour of a war resolution that leaves the way clear for President Bush to use US military force against Saddam Hussein.
^ Iraq to Go Ahead With Hangings Despite Un Call to Halt Them The Iraqi government said yesterday it will execute two of Saddam Hussein's henchmen despite a call from the UN to refrain from hanging them.
^ At least 140 people were killed in Iraq during fighting that broke out after the Al Askari mosque, a Shiite shrine in Samarra, was bombed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Geoffrey William Hoon Secretary of State for Defense http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page1390.asp .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ October 1991 United Nations Security Council Resolution 715 "Demands that Iraq meet unconditionally all its obligations" and cooperate with the U.N. Special Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/18081.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ May 2003 Minutes of the International Conference on Cultural Property stolen in Iraq held in Lyon, France Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization) http://www.interpol.int/Public/WorkOfArt/Iraq/Minutes.asp .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ December 1998 Text of Letter from President Clinton to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate re the Missile and Aircraft Strikes in Iraq on 16 December 1998 http://clinton6.nara.gov/1998/12/1998-12-18-text-of-a-letter-from-president-on-iraq.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The ACLU circulated memos, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, that suggest President George W. Bush directly authorized torture against detainees in Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Go to: Nuclear Resources Go to: Table of Contents Operation Desert Fox - 16-19 December 1998 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ October 2002 onwards Reports to the Security Council on Inspections in Iraq re Disarmament presented by Dr. Hans Blix, Chairman of the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusnewsiraq.asp?NewsID=414&sID=6 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ UNMOVIC replaced the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) which had been established "to disarm Iraq of its weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological weapons and missiles with a range of more than 150 km), and to operate a system of ongoing monitoring and verification to check Iraq's compliance with its obligations not to reacquire the same weapons prohibited to it by the Security Council" http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/396/09/PDF/N9939609.pdf?OpenElement (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hans Blix, the head of the United Nations ' inspection commission, negotiated a deal with Iraq to allow the return of weapons inspectors within two weeks.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Do you think the Bush administration should or should not follow each of these recommendations made by the Iraq Study Group?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Bush Administration requested an additional $80 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan this year, .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ More ominously, the CIA and FBI have reported that a war in Iraq will definitely lead to terrorist attacks in America and a number of European nations, including Britain.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Saddam Hussein was dangerous with weapons.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Saddam Hussein was dangerous with the ability to make weapons," Bush said.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ Operation Southern Watch Operation Southern Watch enforces the No-Fly Zone south of the 33rd Parallel in Iraq with approximately 150 aircraft from the United States and the United Kingdom .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A triple car bombing in southern Iraq killed at least 46 people.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ During Operation Desert Storm (January-March 1991), Khamisiyah was the site of about 100 bunkers which contained ammunition and the site was bombed by Coalition forces.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ July 2003 Civil Employees & Military Salaries Arrive Iraqi Destiny , page 3 101st Airborne Division, U.S. Central Command http://www.centcom.mil/Operations/Iraqi_Freedom/Iraqi_Destiny/Issue31.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ July 2004 New Schools to Withstand Seasons in Northern Iraq U.S. Army Special Operations Command http://www.soc.mil/News/releases/04JUL/040728-04.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ July 2003 Mosul Prison Guards receive Correctional Training Iraqi Destiny , page 3 101st Airborne Division, U.S. Central Command http://www.centcom.mil/Operations/Iraqi_Freedom/Iraqi_Destiny/Issue30.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ US Abandons Shadowplay in Iraq As the military build-up continues in the Gulf, Julian Borger in Washington sees US forces preparing for house to house combat.
^ Together they died as brothers in arms in Basra, taking the total number of British military deaths in Iraq to 111.
^ Body Counts The western media focused on the number of civilians killed in Iraq, but the country's ill-prepared armed forces suffered far greater losses.
.^ Al-Basso, a former Iraqi military general and hero of the city, was forced into retirement by the former Iraqi regime, during the Iran-Iraq war, shortly after his brother and nephew were executed for plotting an attack on Saddam Hussein."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Saddam Hussein's cousin Ali Hassan al-Majeed, also known as “Chemical Ali,” was sentenced to death for his role in Iraq's Kurdish genocide .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Syria and Iraq, which had long traded accusations of interference, were ruled by rival branches of the Baath Party until the American invasion of 2003 toppled Saddam Hussein.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ A number of claims were made about unaccounted for biological and chemical weapons with the use of chilling numbers on how serious the concerns were.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Number of sites in Iraq from which materials usable to make biological or chemical weapons are now “missing”: 118 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Yet, Hans Blix also highlighted concerns about unaccounted-for chemical weapons, and processes such as interviewing scientists, as only a small number had been interviewed so far.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[46][47] .^ June 2004 U.N. Security Council Endorses Formation of Sovereign Interim Government in Iraq U.S. Department of State http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/33317.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The only security council resolution expressly authorising the use of force against Iraq was 678, which was passed at the start of the Gulf war in November 1990, and the only action it authorised was such force as was necessary to restore Kuwait's sovereignty.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Former Marine Platoon Sergeant Jim Massey said that the United States was funneling depleted uranium to Iraq through Ireland .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Invasion and civil war
.^ Iraq ; Iraq War, 2003- ; Physical training ; United States.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Britain and the United States bombed Iraq again.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraq ; Public relations ; United States.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ We know where [the weapons of mass destruction] are.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ We found the weapons of mass destruction.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Do you think the United States action in the Iraq is morally justified, or not?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ President Bush , in his first State of the Union address, identified Iran , Iraq , and North Korea as an “ axis of evil .” .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ President Bush was still "absolutely convinced " that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ President Bush said that the report proved that Iraq was "a gathering threat ."- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ The report, which drew on intelligence material and documents discovered by weapons inspectors after the war, criticized the United States government for its deliberate exaggerations of Iraq's military capabilities.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Claims about Iraq trying to purchase Uranium from Africa were based on documents that were "not authentic".- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The site concentrates on Government documents and information from the U.S. Executive Branch and while the bulk of the overall resources are primarily from the United States, there are international entries as well.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[48] Bush added,
.^ America's Obsession With Iraq Leaves Others Free to Kill Bali's victims are testament to Bush's flawed war on terror.
^ October 2002 U.S. Supports Democracy in Iraq Voice of America Editorial http://www.ibb.gov/editorials/10167.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ If military planners are now to consider the nuclear option any time they confront a surprising military development, the distinction between nuclear and non-nuclear weapons fades away."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The weapons programs took decades to develop with a lot of outside assistance, which is now all lacking.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In addition, around the beginning of 2003 new documents discovered at the home of an Iraqi nuclear scientist raised more concerns, due to fears of possibly relating to the development of nuclear weapons.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ "This is a regime that agreed to international inspections - then kicked out the inspectors."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Media watchdog Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) highlights the difference in reporting by contrasting various reports from December 1998 and now, showing that it was fully reported then that inspectors were withdrawn, not kicked out.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The inspectors were not kicked out, but withdrawn by the U.S. in order for the bombing to commence.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This is a regime that has something to hide from the civilized world...
.^ We know where [the weapons of mass destruction] are.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ We found the weapons of mass destruction.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Weapons of mass destruction.
.^ Federal officials lowered the terrorist threat level to “yellow” so that they could raise it again to “orange” right before the invasion of Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ In the Middle East, support of authoritarian regimes has contributed to anger, hatred, resentment, and fueling the fires of extremism, providing easy recruits to terrorist causes.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[49]
.^ Weapons of mass destruction.
^ We know where [the weapons of mass destruction] are.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ We found the weapons of mass destruction.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[50] .^ Congress Backs Bush on Iraq The US Senate today voted overwhelmingly in favour of a war resolution that leaves the way clear for President Bush to use US military force against Saddam Hussein.
^ Side Note This would also negate the need to use small nuclear weapons by the U.S., as they said they would, which is also discussed further below .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq 'preparing to Use Chemical Weapons' Iraqi documents obtained by the BBC appear to suggest that the country's president, Saddam Hussein, is preparing to use chemical weapons against western troops in the event of war, it was reported today.
.^ Iraq war from its beginning.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The nuclear material - 1.8 tonnes of low enriched uranium and 500 tonnes of natural uranium - had been under IAEA seal since 1991.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While most military officers seem to consider the likelihood of our using nuclear weapons in Iraq to be low, they worry about the increased importance placed on them and about the contradictions inherent in contemplating the use of nuclear weapons for the purpose of eliminating weapons of mass destruction .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Post-invasion
.^ How important is it for the United States that Iraq has a stable government that is not an enemy of the U.S.?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Do you think the United States will -- or will not -- be able to establish a stable democratic government in Iraq?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Britain and the United States bombed Iraq again.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[57] .^ U.S. troop strength in Iraq went under 140,000 this week ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ JUNE 28, 2004: U.S. transfers sovereignty to Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Nowhere is this more true than in Iraq.
.^ The British Ministry of Defence found that a study which had placed Iraq's civilian death toll at 655,000 was “robust.” .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The United States increased the number of troops in Iraq by 15,000.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Another 22,586–24,159 civilian deaths have been recorded in 2007 through Iraq Body Count’s extensive monitoring of media and official reports.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ A State Department intelligence analyst told a congressional hearing that he had felt pressure to make his reports conform to the administration's position on Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ This was reported by Rolf Ekeus, the chairman of the United Nations body authorised to inspect and destroy Iraq's arsenal following the Gulf War in 1991.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraqi Police Claim Body is Abducted Us Soldier's The body of one of three US soldiers kidnapped in Iraq two weeks ago was found today in the Euphrates, according to the Iraqi police.
It is likely that many if not most
civilian casualties will go unreported by the media."
[58]
.^ The new leader of Al Qaeda in Iraq claimed that 4,000 foreign insurgents have died since the 2003 invasion.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ DECEMBER 30, 2006: Saddam executed by hanging.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Iraq to Go Ahead With Hangings Despite Un Call to Halt Them The Iraqi government said yesterday it will execute two of Saddam Hussein's henchmen despite a call from the UN to refrain from hanging them.
^ December 2003 Ambassador Bremer Briefing from Baghdad re the Capture of Saddam Hussein http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/tr20031214-1021.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[59] .^ January 15, 2007 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ NOVEMBER 5, 2006: Saddam sentenced to death by hanging.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Former Iraqi Vice President 'to Hang at Dawn' Iraqi officials request transfer of Taha Yassin Ramadan from US custody for execution tomorrow.
At the Anfal genocide trial, Saddam's cousin
Ali Hassan al-Majid (aka Chemical Ali), former defense minister
Sultan Hashim Ahmed al-Tay, and former deputy Hussein Rashid Mohammed were sentenced to hang for their role in the
Al-Anfal Campaign against the Kurds on June 24, 2007.
[citation needed] Al-Majid was sentenced to death three more times: once for the 1991 suppression of a Shi'a uprising along with Abdul-Ghani Abdul Ghafur on December 2, 2008;
[62] once for the 1999 crackdown in the assassination of
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad al-Sadr on March 2, 2009;
[63] and once on January 17, 2010 for the gassing of the Kurds in 1988;
[64] he was hanged over a week later on January 25.
[65].^ This subtle propaganda technique can serve to discredit or minimize the issue (because one can claim that the vile Iraqi regime said it, so there cannot be any credibility to it whatsoever).- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Attacks and casualties suffered by coalition and Iraqi forces and civilians were higher than any other similar time span, said the report.” [AP, 3/14/07 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Journalists and politicians from the west in countries such as the U.S. and U.K. have shown appropriate cynicism and critique when reporting claims and announcements from the Iraqi regime.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[66] .^ Security Unit to Be Run By Iraqi Parties The US is planning to set up a paramilitary battalion in Iraq drawn from the five main political parties to help American troops fighting a fast-spreading insurgency, it was reported yesterday.
^ This was probably the most important and divisive issue in the 2006 United Stated Congressional election.
^ For weeks, amongst various United Nations Security Council members, there was disagreement about how to deal with the Iraq issue.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Odierno said he will make a decision by early September on whether the U.S. troop presence could decrease further.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ A White House report showed that only eight of eighteen benchmarks for progress were being met in Iraq, but President Bush asked Congress to wait for another report in September before passing judgment.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ General David Petraeus told al Arabiya television he believed recent success in reducing violence had restored the United States’ image with Iraqis.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[67] Iraq also suffered a
cholera outbreak in 2007.
[68]
Violence in Iraq began to decline from the summer of 2007.
[69].^ George Bush telephoned the French president, but...
^ June 29, 2009 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Brent Scowcroft, the former national security adviser to President George W. Bush, wrote an article in the Wall Street Journal warning President George W. Bush not to start a war with Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ JUNE 30, 2009.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Speed up the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq .- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ TREND FOR COMPARISON: Setting a timetable for withdrawing all U.S. troops from Iraq by the end of next year .- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ October 2003 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511 "Reaffirms the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq" ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ AUGUST 19 2006: 1,249 days since the war began — the war in Iraq surpasses the length of WWII. [The Nation, 8/18/2006 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ America disabled an oil pipeline that had been carrying 200,000 barrels a day from Iraq to Syria, in flagrant violation of United Nations economic sanctions.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[72][73] .^ Crime Puts Iraqi Women Under House Arrest Suzanne Goldenberg in Baghdad finds the city's female population crushed by the lawlessness under US occupation.
^ Falluja Violence Continues As Iraqi Force Arrives Iraqi security forces were taking over positions from withdrawing US marines in the flashpoint city of Falluja today as the bloody month-long siege appeared to be nearing an end.
^ US Troops Pull Back From Falluja US troops have reportedly started to fall back from some of their positions around the besieged city of Falluja after a month of deadly clashes with Sunni insurgents.
[74][75][76][77][78] .^ Iraqi Soldiers Killed Amid Nationwide Violence A suicide car bombing today and clashes between Shia militia and Iraqi security forces have left up to 50 people dead.
^ Bomb investigators turn suspicions on Iraqi guards Security staff at UN base were informers under Saddam.
^ Killed By Three Explosions at Baghdad Hotels Cement mixer used as bomb breaches defences Journalists the target, says Iraqi security chief.
[74][78] .^ Iraqi Security Force General Mohamed Shahwani said the insurgents outnumber the U.S. military, .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Al-Basso, a former Iraqi military general and hero of the city, was forced into retirement by the former Iraqi regime, during the Iran-Iraq war, shortly after his brother and nephew were executed for plotting an attack on Saddam Hussein."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We do not want to start a conflict with Iran ,” said Iraqi government spokesman Ali al-Dabbagh.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[74] .^ Iraq’s defense minister said that his country was seeking to buy F-16 fighter jets from the United States , while his American counterpart, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates, said he believed that the Iraq war had entered the “endgame.” In Baghdad, the Iraqi defense minister, Abdel Qader Mohammed Jassim, said buying the jets would be a crucial step if Iraqi forces were to assume more responsibilities from American soldiers.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Geoffrey William Hoon Secretary of State for Defense http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page1390.asp .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Attacks and casualties suffered by coalition and Iraqi forces and civilians were higher than any other similar time span, said the report.” [AP, 3/14/07 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[80] .^ At least 150 Iraqis were killed by a truck bomb in northern Iraq in possibly the deadliest bombing since the United States invaded in 2003, and it was reported that, despite a police security drive, the number of unidentified bodies found in Baghdad had increased sharply in June.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraqi Civilians Dead, Says Study About 100,000 Iraqi civilians - half of them women and children - have died in Iraq since the invasion, mostly as a result of airstrikes by coalition forces, according to the first reliable study of the death toll from Iraqi and US public health experts.
^ UK Scientists Attack Lancet Study Over Iraq Death Toll A study which found that more than 650,000 Iraqi people have died since the US-led invasion was attacked yesterday by scientists in the UK, who claimed that the households interviewed tended to be located in violence-hit streets.
[81]
Geography
.^ Two Soldiers Guilty of Iraqi Prisoner Abuse Two British soldiers were today found guilty of charges of abusing Iraqi prisoners at the Camp Breadbasket aid camp near Basra, in southern Iraq.
^ The increase was mainly due to two attacks in Baghdad and one near Karbala that killed at least 150 people.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Two hundred and seventy-five members met at a convention center on the Tigris River while explosions rattled the convention center's windows.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
yd) of
silt annually to the
delta. The north of the country is mostly composed of mountains; the highest point being at 3,611 metres (11,847 ft) point, unnamed on the map opposite, but known locally as
Cheekah Dar (black tent).
.^ WORDING: Would you favor or oppose sending American troops back to the Persian Gulf in order to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ WORDING: Would you favor or oppose sending American ground troops to the Persian Gulf in an attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Osama bin Laden urged Muslims to attack oil facilities in Iraq and the Persian Gulf.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Stroll, if you dare, along the Shatt al Arab, the fast-flowing waterway which connects this city to the Persian Gulf, and you come across a sad looking park.
^ But while there are many, many web sites out there, covering various angles of the protests movements, the following may be some useful starting points, perhaps: .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the Iraqi territory of the Shatt al-Arab waterway, Iranian forces captured and detained 15 members of the British Royal Navy.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
The local
climate is mostly
desert, with mild to cool winters and dry, hot, cloudless summers. The northern mountainous regions (Kurdistan region ههرێمی کوردستان) have cold winters with occasional heavy snows, sometimes causing extensive flooding.
.^ It was estimated that 90 percent of Iraq's artists had fled the country or been killed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Rank of the U.S. among countries that bought the most oil from Iraq last year: 1 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Britain and the United States bombed Iraq again.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
These regions could yield an additional 100 billion barrels (1.6
×1010 m
3).
.^ It's Not Only About Iraq The animating ideology of the caliphate helps explain al-Qaida actions that otherwise make no sense.
^ The Security Firms Active in Iraq There are about 2,000 contractors working in Iraq for British security firms.
^ This is the future for the world we're in at the moment," a special assistant to Donald Rumsfeld said about the unrest in Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[83]
Climate
Most of Iraq has a hot
Arid climate. Summer temperatures average above 40°C (104°F) for most of the country and frequently exceed 48°C(118°F). Winter temperature infrequently exceed 21°C (70°F) with maximums roughly 15 to 16 °C (59 to 61 °F) and night-time lows occasionally below freezing.
.^ One hundred thirty-five American soldiers died in Iraq in November, tying last April as the deadliest month for U.S. forces during the war.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Most observers believe that the threat is less than it was in 1991, when Iraq invaded Kuwait.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ NOVEMBER 2004: The most deadly month in Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
Rainfall during the summer is extremely rare except in the very North of the country.
Government and politics
Government
.^ Iraq's governing council approved an interim constitution.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Suppose a democratic government is formed in Iraq in the next few months.- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ A. Iraq will have a democratic government that will not be overthrown by terrorists or supporters of Saddam Hussein .- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
The federal government is composed of the
executive,
legislative, and
judicial branches, as well as numerous independent commissions.
.^ Despite the viewpoints one might have of how it should be done, that Tony Blair only highlighted one of the letters (the one that strengthened his argument) made for a propaganda speech, raising more concerns about dishonesty and trustworthiness of the Blair government.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For weeks, amongst various United Nations Security Council members, there was disagreement about how to deal with the Iraq issue.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A call by Puerto Rico’s governor for a U.S. withdrawal from Iraq earned a standing ovation from a conference of more than 4,000 National Guardsmen.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
Regions, governorates and districts
.^ Tensions between Kurdistan and the central government of Iraq over the status of Kirkuk.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Iraqi Government Says 70 Released After Baghdad Kidnap Government officials in Iraq today said around 70 people kidnapped from a scientific research institute in Baghdad yesterday had been released.
^ Mercenaries in 'coup Plot' Guarded Uk Officials in Iraq Shocked MP demands a rethink of the way government awards its security contracts.
.^ April 2003 Governor of Basra under Coalition Control "Walid Hamid Tawfiq al-Tikriti, the Governor of Basrah, is now under Coalition control.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ It was revealed that the U.S. Army was writing positive news stories about the Iraq war, and was then paying to have the articles translated into Arabic and published in Iraqi newspapers.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ As Sunnis and Shias emerged into the scurrying, burning, breaking madness of Baghdad yesterday, a city sacking itself, the Sunni-Shia divide was meaningless.
The governorates are subdivided into
districts (or
qadhas).
Politics
.^ Syria and Iraq, which had long traded accusations of interference, were ruled by rival branches of the Baath Party until the American invasion of 2003 toppled Saddam Hussein.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ President George W. Bush dismissed growing complaints that he exaggerated the threat posed by Iraq in the buildup to the invasion and invited Iraqis who remain loyal to Saddam Hussein to attack American troops: "There are some who feel like that if they attack us, that we may decide to leave prematurely," he said.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraqi citizens were preparing to vote “yes” in a referendum on Saddam Hussein's continued rule; the ballot, which voters must sign, will contain one question: “Do you agree that Saddam should remain president?” Baath Party leaders selected as their campaign theme song Whitney Houston's “I Will Always Love You.” .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ October 15, 2005 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ New Deadline on Iraq Constitution Iraqi leaders tonight put off a vote on a the country's new constitution in order to gain time to try to win over the Sunni Arab minority.
^ Love Across the Lines in Iraq It was never going to be easy for the American sergeant and the Iraqi doctor who fell in love in Baghdad - he was kicked out of the army and the country and she was threatened in the street.
.^ Various protestors and critics of such foreign policies, especially by the British and Americans, have opposed these countries supporting and arming Saddam Hussein in the first place.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ OCTOBER 15, 2005: Iraqis vote to ratify draft constitution [AP, 10/25/05 ] OCTOBER 26, 2005: American military death toll reaches 2,000 [MSNBC.com, 10/26/05 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Iraqis Say Yes to Constitution Iraq's constitution was today passed as the final results from the country's 18 provinces were announced.
[84] .^ New Deadline on Iraq Constitution Iraqi leaders tonight put off a vote on a the country's new constitution in order to gain time to try to win over the Sunni Arab minority.
^ Iraqis Divided on Constitution As Deadline Looms Sunni and Shia delegates were tonight divided over the Iraqi consitution as a second deadline for the completion of the text approached.
^ Sunni Leadership Pulls Back From Boycott of Iraq Poll Sunni leaders yesterday failed to agree on a boycott of this week's referendum on a new constitution, a move that would have exacerbated Iraq's political and security crisis.
.^ Just 10 days ago, Bush visited Risha in Iraq and hailed his efforts in “cooperating with the United States against al Qaeda in Iraq.” Today, he was killed in an explosion near his house in the Anbar province.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ April 2003 Three more 'Iraqi Top 55' in Coalition Control "Muzahim Sa'b Hassan al-Tikriti is under Coalition control.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A senior official of the Iraqi Interior Ministry, which has backed Shiite death squads in the Shiite-Sunni civil war, said “most” of the Russian guns were meant for its police in the Sunni-majority Anbar province; Iraqi officials also complained that U.S. gun deliveries are slow.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ New Iraqi Government 'within Days' The Iraqi prime minister-designate said today he expected to form the country's first full-term government since the end of Saddam Hussein's regime within the next two days.
^ Invites the Governing Council to provide to the Security Council, for its review, no later than 15 December 2003 ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ DECEMBER 15, 2005: Iraqis vote to elect members of Iraqi Assembly.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ Nowhere is this more true than in Iraq.
^ Provincial elections are seen as central to political progress in Iraq, but their timing was thrown into doubt when Kurdish lawmakers boycotted the parliamentary vote on the legislation, insisting that it be rewritten.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ It is the first such non-governmental group to be set up in Iraq after the war.
.^ UN Inspectors Welcome Iraqi Cooperation 'Polite and professional' reception for weapons teams who split up to make several surprise visits.
^ Saddam's weapons of mass destruction (WMD); to diminish the threat of international terrorism; to promote democracy in Iraq and surrounding areas .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ British and American politicians hoped the "all faction" meeting - involving 250 prominent Iraqis from across the political...
.^ They believe that they should dictate religion...
^ Exiled Generals Promise Civilian Rule in New Iraq Exiled Iraqi officers meeting in London backed US efforts to remove Saddam Hussein yesterday, but promised they would not seek to replace him with another military regime.
^ UK company backs Iraq at Baghdad fair A British company will open a stall today at the start of the Baghdad international trade fair in a rare show of support for Saddam Hussein's regime.
.^ Turkmen Ethnic Cleansing in Iraq, Perpetrated by "Kurds" Connected with Al Qaeda The fully exposed and well-documented criminality of the Talabani and Barzani death squads only underscores the need for their immediate elimination.
^ Vice President Biden warned Iraqi officials Friday that the American commitment to Iraq could end if the country again descended into ethnic and sectarian violence.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ US Steps in to End Iraq Deadlock Ethnic and religious groups still haggling over constitution - and a new name.
.^ As the war in Iraq stretched beyond its fifth year the U.S. death toll rose to 4,000, and a national conference intended to reconcile sectarian groups was boycotted by Sunnis.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Officials from more than 50 countries gathered in Egypt and issued a five-year “International Compact” aimed at stabilizing Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ In Iraq an Islamic militant group claimed that it had kidnapped two U.S. soldiers , 23-year-old Kristian Menchaca and 25-year-old Thomas L. Tucker.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ One would also think that they would be no match for the U.S./U.K. air forces, especially with the no-fly zones enforced since the end of the Gulf War in 1991.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Health - Gulf War 1990-1991 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Gulf War 1990-1991 .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This has been a source of particular tension with Turkey.
.^ US Steps in to End Iraq Deadlock Ethnic and religious groups still haggling over constitution - and a new name.
.^ You just run.” The ray gun, Raytheon promised, will not be sold to countries with questionable human rights records, although it will be used by the United States in Iraq.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Why America risks failing in Iraq An anti-colonial country like America needs an anti-colonial perception of the historical developments in the Middle East.
^ Five years after the outbreak of the war in Iraq, the humanitarian situation in most of the country remains among the most critical in the world,” the ICRC said, describing Iraq’s health care system as “now in worse shape than ever.” [Reuters, 3/16/08 ] .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[85][86] .^ NOVEMBER 17, 2008.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Current Status of Iraqi 55 Most Wanted Multi National Force-Iraq http://www.mnf-iraq.com/irag-faqs/most-wanted.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Geneva Conventions which are in current force were agreed to on 12 August 1949 and replaced all prior agreements/Conventions for the "Relief of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[88] .^ How important is it for the United States that Iraq has a stable government that is not an enemy of the U.S.?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Blackwater security personnel shot and killed 17 Iraqi civilians have found that at least 14 of the shootings were unjustified and violated deadly-force rules in effect for security contractors in Iraq, according to civilian and military officials briefed on the case.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ June 2004 U.N. Security Council Endorses Formation of Sovereign Interim Government in Iraq U.S. Department of State http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/33317.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Economy
.^ Cheney Oil Firm Accused of Overcharging $61m in Iraq A Pentagon audit has found that Halliburton overcharged the government by $61m (about 35m) for delivering petrol to Iraq.
^ Hans Blix, one of the chief inspectors, complained that Iraq had failed to provide important information about its weapons programs.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ It was revealed that prior to the U.S. invasion, Iraqi foreign minister Naji Sabri had, for a fee, provided the United States with detailed assessments of Iraq's military capabilities .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Iran and Us to Hold Iraq Talks Iran and the US are to hold ambassadorial level talks on Iraq, the Iranian foreign minister said today, in the first substantive contacts between the countries for years.
^ Estimated barrels of oil illegally exported by Iraq last year: 8,100,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraq exported 69% of its oil to the US a year ago, but the figure has dropped to only 16% since the end of May, according to press...
.^ Menzies Campbell: There should be no war in Iraq without more jaw-jaw If British policy is to change, Blair owes us an explanation.
^ War is Only Feasible Because Iraq Isn't a Threat to the Us A diplomatic fix will only be acceptable if it humiliates Saddam.
^ Both US parties back away from Iraq war Top politicians say Bush must prove Saddam is real threat.
.^ Iraq exported 69% of its oil to the US a year ago, but the figure has dropped to only 16% since the end of May, according to press...
^ Iranian Forces Cross Iraq Border, Seize Iraqi Oil Well Iranian forces have seized an oil well in Iraq, leading to fears of increased hostilities between the two countries and problems for Iraqs oil industry.
.^ Three Years on From the Invasion of Iraq Three years on from the invasion of Iraq, how Blair and Bush got us into this mess matters as much as how we get out of it.
^ Iraq Sabotage Fear Deepens Oil Crisis Motorists and air travellers hit as crude prices reach new record.
^ The Bush Administration requested an additional $80 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan this year, .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ November 20, 2004 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Any reduction in Iraq's mountainous $120 billion external debt should be negotiated within the Paris Club of creditor nations, they insisted.
^ The Bush Administration requested an additional $80 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan this year, .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Italian Aid Workers Freed in Iraq Two Italian aid workers held hostage in Iraq for three weeks returned home last night to an emotional welcome.
^ Syria and Iraq, which had long traded accusations of interference, were ruled by rival branches of the Baath Party until the American invasion of 2003 toppled Saddam Hussein.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ The Bush administration never drew up a comprehensive plan for rebuilding Iraq after the March 2003 invasion.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[89]
At the end of 2005, and in the first half of 2006, Iraq implemented a restructuring of about $20 billion of commercial debt claims on terms comparable to that of its November 2004 Paris Club agreement (i.e. with an 80% writeoff).
.^ OCTOBER 2, 2007: Iraq offers cash ‘marriage bonus’ to bridge sectarian divide .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
Reconstruction
.^ Three Years on From the Invasion of Iraq Three years on from the invasion of Iraq, how Blair and Bush got us into this mess matters as much as how we get out of it.
^ Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi claimed that in 2003 he repeatedly attempted to talk President Bush out of invading Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ JULY 11, 2003: Condoleezza Rice: Doubts about Iraq intel were not communicated to Bush .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ See also: Banks & Banking 7 June 2004 Banking Law of 2004 Coalition Provisional Authority Order No.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ JUNE 28, 2004: U.S. transfers sovereignty to Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ See also: Coalition Provisional Authority See also: Democracy See also: Elections - Local See also: Elections - National (January 2005) See also: Elections - National (October 2005) See also: Interim Government See also: Iraqi Governing Council See also: Local Governance See also: Reconstruction See also: Transitional Government 22 October 2004 Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance Congressional Research Service http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/38004.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Baghdad's water system is powered by electricity.
^ November 2003 Daily Power Production and Distribution Reports "The power and distribution report of the electricity generation plants in Iraq."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq's governing council announced that it was opening the entire Iraqi economy, including essential services such as electricity, telecommunications , and health, to foreign investors .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ September 2003 USAID Education Reconstruction Efforts in Iraq - Update U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/vid_live091103_t.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ June 2003 USAID Education Reconstruction Efforts in Iraq - Update U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/vid_live062403_t.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ June 2004 Building the Iraqi Special Tribunal : Lessons from Experiences in International Criminal Justice U.S. Institute of Peace Special Report No.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ September 2003 USAID Education Reconstruction Efforts in Iraq - Update U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/vid_live091103_t.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ June 2003 USAID Education Reconstruction Efforts in Iraq - Update U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/vid_live062403_t.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ June 2003 Port Of Umm Qasr Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Recommended Implementation Plan Bechtel National, Inc.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ May 2003 DART [Disaster Assistance Response Team] An Nasiriyah Assessment Report (Report includes assessment of local water and sewage conditions) U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/dartrep_050103.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ April 2003 DART [Disaster Assistance Response Team] Al Anbar Assessment Report (Report includes assessment of local schools) U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/dartrep_042903.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ May 2003 DART [Disaster Assistance Response Team] An Nasiriyah Assessment Report (Report includes assessment of the local supply of propane gas) U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/dartrep_050103.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In various parts of the world, many people have protested on the streets against possible war on Iraq.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Vice President Dick Cheney attacked the “self-appointed strategists” in Congress who were hampering the Bush Administration's efforts to prolong the war in Iraq,.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
International assistance
.^ Three Years on From the Invasion of Iraq Three years on from the invasion of Iraq, how Blair and Bush got us into this mess matters as much as how we get out of it.
^ Just a couple of days after that, Jutta Burghardt, head of the World Food Programme in Iraq, resigned, saying privately that she too could not tolerate what was being done to the Iraqi people.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ricardo Sanchez said that some U.S.-trained Iraqi policemen had carried out attacks on occupation forces.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ October 25, 2003 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ October 2003 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511 "Reaffirms the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq" ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ May 2003 Minutes of the International Conference on Cultural Property stolen in Iraq held in Lyon, France Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization) http://www.interpol.int/Public/WorkOfArt/Iraq/Minutes.asp .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The World Health Organisation (WHO) has for the first time since 2003 redeployed expatriate staff to Iraq , the United Nations agency said on Thursday.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Colin Powell admitted that the Iraqi National Congress, the U.S.-funded Iraqi exile group, was the source of "the most dramatic " bits in his notorious United Nations presentation on Iraq's mythical weapons of mass destruction.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Their purpose is to protect the national interest of the United States and, indeed, the interest of people throughout the Middle East and around the world.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This assistance has primarily funded large-scale projects.
.^ October 2003 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511 "Reaffirms the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq" ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq invites UN weapons inspector to talks In a move that took the international community by surprise, Iraq has invited the chief United Nations weapons inspector to Baghdad for technical talks, it emerged last night.
^ Hans Blix, the head of the United Nations ' inspection commission, negotiated a deal with Iraq to allow the return of weapons inspectors within two weeks.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Demographics
An April 2009 estimate of the total Iraqi population is 31,234,000.
[1].^ May 2003 "Iraqis representing the four main ethnic groups, Arabs, Kurds, Turkomans and Assyrians, applaud while a man spontaneously shouts his satisfaction with the democratic process, after they privately voted in committees for twenty-four members of an interim City Council in the city of Kirkuk, in northern Iraq."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Program will employ 100,000 Iraqis and clear 20,000km of Iraq's Waterways for Irrigation."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In Iraq , three U.S. soldiers were killed by a bomb and at least 27 Iraqis were killed in other violence.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Program will employ 100,000 Iraqis and clear 20,000km of Iraq's Waterways for Irrigation."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A female suicide bomber killed eight people and wounded more than 20 in Iraq, police have said.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Several thousand people around the world protested on the third anniversary of the Iraq war.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[91] .^ Program will employ 100,000 Iraqis and clear 20,000km of Iraq's Waterways for Irrigation."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Estimates vary, but most suggest around 50,000 to 100,000 Iraqi troops .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Program will employ 100,000 Iraqis and clear 20,000km of Iraqs Waterways for Irrigation."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[93] .^ Base to Be Handed to Iraqi Force British troops are moving out of a base in southern Iraq where they faced some of the fiercest fighting encountered by UK forces.
^ The move, a key concession demanded by Hans Blix, the chief weapons inspector, in talks with Iraqi officials at the weekend, was agreed in a letter from Iraq's UN ambassador to the UN to the...
^ Two Soldiers Guilty of Iraqi Prisoner Abuse Two British soldiers were today found guilty of charges of abusing Iraqi prisoners at the Camp Breadbasket aid camp near Basra, in southern Iraq.
[94]
No official figures exist, due to the politically sensitive nature of the subject, recent violence, and
Ba'athist views on information and religion. Religious composition includes:
.^ And after the last two weeks of being a reservist, you could see Sunnis and Shia and Kurds taking a second look at Iraq.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ October 2003 USAID funds School Bags for all Iraqi Secondary Students Photos and descriptive text U.S. Agency for International Development http://www.usaid.gov/iraq/photogallery/gallery_28/photo01.html .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Sunni or Shia, fault line runs between have and have nots The two distinct mainstream paths of Islam, Sunni and Shia, divide Iraqi society.
^ "Civil war," said Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, "has almost started among Shiites, Sunnis, Kurds, and those who are coming from Asia."- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ A New Zealand school apologized to an Iraqi student who was named “most likely to join the army as a bomb” in the school yearbook.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Iraqis Divided on Constitution As Deadline Looms Sunni and Shia delegates were tonight divided over the Iraqi consitution as a second deadline for the completion of the text approached.
^ In October 1991 the Iraqi Government announced that it had stored some chemical weapons at Khamisiyah before the War and that these chemical weapons were among the munitions destroyed by the U.S. Army troops in March 1991.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The U.S. is apparently scaling back some of its demands, including backing off one that particularly incenses Iraqis, blanket immunity for private security contractors.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[97] claiming that many reports only include
.^ Iraq Gamble As Sunnis Left Out of Constitution Deal Iraq took a historic gamble yesterday when the ruling Shia and Kurdish coalition bulldozed over the objections of Sunni Arabs to finish a new constitution.
Most Kurds are Sunnis, although the
Feyli Kurds are largely Shi'a.
.^ Sunnis Reject Calls for Federal Iraq Sunni Arab leaders today rejected Shia calls for a federal Iraq, saying the proposal would fracture the country along religious and ethnic lines.
^ Seven Christian churches were bombed in three days in Iraq,.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ American troops rehearsed their invasion with bulldozers along the Kuwait- Iraq border, and four B-2 Stealth bombers left Missouri for the Middle East.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ The blasts had ripple effects throughout the country, triggering questions about the state of Iraqi security and about national elections planned for January.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Number of Iraqi troops that have been “trained and equipped,” according to President Bush in April : 150,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Estimated number of soccer balls the U.S. government sent Iraq this summer to help "bring life back to normal": 60,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
There are also small populations of
Bahá'ís,
Mandaeans,
Shabaks, and
Yezidis.
.^ Although travel firms now tout adventure tours to a country that is a temporary home to 150,000 US troops, scores of American protesters have been...
^ About 140,000 American troops remained in the country, with no mechanism in place between the two countries to govern the troops, and 150 Americans stayed on in Iraqi ministries as advisers.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Estimates vary, but most suggest around 50,000 to 100,000 Iraqi troops .- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[98]
.^ Program will employ 100,000 Iraqis and clear 20,000km of Iraq's Waterways for Irrigation."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Estimated barrels of oil illegally exported by Iraq last year: 8,100,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The U.S. State Department asked for $100 million for the reconstruction of Iraqi prisons .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[99] .^ Britain and the United States bombed Iraq again.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraq ; Public relations ; United States.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ US to Welcome 7,000 Iraqi Refugees The Bush administration is to increase the official quota of Iraqi refugees who will be allowed to settle in the United States from 500 to 7,000 over the next year, in a response to the growing refugee crisis in Iraq.
[100]
Iraqi diaspora
.^ UN Sidelined in Choice of Iraqi Leader White House struggles to defend the selection of candidate who is hardly known in his own country.
.^ It was estimated that 90 percent of Iraq's artists had fled the country or been killed.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ The war in Iraq has caused two million Iraqis to flee their country and become refugees.
^ Kuwait on Thursday named its first ambassador to Iraq since Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded the oil-rich country in 1990 and set off the 1991 Persian Gulf War.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[101] Although some expatriates returned to Iraq after the 2003 invasion, the flow had virtually stopped by 2006.
[102]
.^ The Bush Administration said it was optimistic that many more refugees from the estimated 4.4 million people who had fled Iraq or had been “internally displaced” would be allowed into the United States.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Displaced Iraqis Double Despite Us Military Surge The number of Iraqis who have fled their homes but remained in the country has more than doubled to 1.14 million.
^ If there are one million, that is still less than the number of people who died in the wars he started."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[103]
.^ It's Not Only About Iraq The animating ideology of the caliphate helps explain al-Qaida actions that otherwise make no sense.
^ This is the future for the world we're in at the moment," a special assistant to Donald Rumsfeld said about the unrest in Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Mohamed ElBaradei, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency, said that his inspectors had found no evidence that Iraq has restarted its nuclear-weapons program.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[104] .^ Iraqi refugees were flooding Syria and Jordan , where they now account for 5 and 12 percent of those countries' total populations.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[105][106]
.^ US to Welcome 7,000 Iraqi Refugees The Bush administration is to increase the official quota of Iraqi refugees who will be allowed to settle in the United States from 500 to 7,000 over the next year, in a response to the growing refugee crisis in Iraq.
^ OCTOBER 30, 2007: New Iraqi law will bring tighter control over private security firms.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ JULY 27, 2007: Iraqi government in the midst of the worst crisis since the fall of Saddam Hussein , say several politicians and analysts.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[107] .^ If there are one million, that is still less than the number of people who died in the wars he started."- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraqi schoolchildren were still waiting to start school , which has remained closed because of the ongoing civil war .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraq's military strength is now less than half the size of the time of the last Gulf War.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[108]
Culture
Music and dance
Main article:
Music of IraqIraq is known primarily for an instrument called the
oud (similar to a
lute) and a
rebab (similar to a
fiddle); its stars include
Ahmed Mukhtar and the Assyrian
Munir Bashir.
.^ JULY 27, 2007: Iraqi government in the midst of the worst crisis since the fall of Saddam Hussein , say several politicians and analysts.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ After the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, Najah Ali has been able to travel the world while using his boxing talents.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Syria and Iraq, which had long traded accusations of interference, were ruled by rival branches of the Baath Party until the American invasion of 2003 toppled Saddam Hussein.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
.^ We all know that the regime, Saddam Hussein, is not paying the price for economic sanctions; on the contrary, he has been strengthened by them.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A majority in Iraq's parliament backed a bill drafted by allies of anti-American cleric Moqtada al-Sadr, which would require a timetable for U.S. withdrawal from Iraq.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Hans Blix told the London-based pan-Arab newspaper, Al-Hayat, that such a visit would...
.^ Iranian Forces Cross Iraq Border, Seize Iraqi Oil Well Iranian forces have seized an oil well in Iraq, leading to fears of increased hostilities between the two countries and problems for Iraqs oil industry.
Early in the 20th century, many of the most prominent musicians in Iraq were
Jewish.
[109] .^ The question is of course being asked by those opposed to a war against Iraq, and those who have not made up their minds.
^ Now thinking about the past two years, do you think Iraq has made real progress toward establishing a democratic government, or don't you think Iraq has made any progress in this area?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
The nightclubs of Baghdad also featured almost entirely Jewish musicians.
.^ Iraqis left baffled as Don drops in for a chat After more than two decades of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqis are used to bizarre television and radio broadcasts.
[109].^ A study found that the number of starving Iraqi children has nearly doubled in the last 21 months.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Many of the students became musicians, eventually forming the Arabic Music Ensemble Qol Yisraeli (Israel Radio).
Two ballet dancers of the Iraqi National Ballet performing in Iraq in 2007.
Singers, on the other hand, were Muslim, Jewish and Christian. The most famous singer of the 1930s–1940s was perhaps the Jew
Salima Pasha (later Salima Murad).
[109][110] The respect and adoration for Pasha were unusual at the time, since public performance by women was considered shameful and most female singers were recruited from brothels.
[109]Numerous instrumentalists and singers of the middle and late twentieth century were trained at the
Baghdad Conservatory.
.^ Officials from more than 50 countries gathered in Egypt and issued a five-year “International Compact” aimed at stabilizing Iraq .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Arab Muslims conquered Iraq in the 7th century and made it a center of Islamic culture.
^ In the Tribunal's judgment, 'To initiate a war of aggression, therefore, is not only an international crime; it is the supreme international crime differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole.'"- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Top diplomat to head British team in Iraq Sir Jeremy Greenstock, Britain's most famous diplomat, is to become the unofficial British ambassador to Iraq.
.^ Vice President Biden warned Iraqi officials Friday that the American commitment to Iraq could end if the country again descended into ethnic and sectarian violence.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Iraqi officials said that, under the proposed formula, Iraq would get full responsibility for internal security and American troops would relocate to bases outside cities.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Three American soldiers were killed when a homemade bomb destroyed their Humvee, and nine Iraqis died when a suicide attacker drove a car into a police station.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[109]
.^ However, the more recent coverage describes it as Iraqi claims.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Factor by which an Iraqi is more likely to die today than in the last year of the Hussein regime : 2.5 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Art and architecture
.^ See also: Governance Post Saddam See also: Iraqi Governing Council See also: Reconstruction "The CPA shall exercise powers of government temporarily in order to provide for the effective administration of Iraq during the period of transitional administration, to restrore conditions of security and stability, to create conditions in which the Iraqi people can freely determine their own political future, including by advancing efforts to restore and establish national and local institutions for representative governance and facilitating economic recovery and sustainable reconstruction and development."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ October 2003 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511 "Reaffirms the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq" ...- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Iraq Constitution Talks Delayed A special session of Iraq's national assembly to discuss whether it should adopt a draft of a new Iraqi constitution was today delayed by two hours.
The live theatre scene received a boost during the 1990s when UN sanctions limited the import of foreign films. As many as 30 movie theatres were reported to have been converted to live stages, producing a wide range of comedies and dramatic productions.
.^ May 2003 A Personal Account of the First UNESCO Cultural Heritage Mission to Baghdad Professor John M. Russell, Massachusetts College of Art Archaeological Institute of America http://www.archaeological.org/pdfs/papers/J_Russell_IraqA5S.pdf (PDF) .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ One notable crime was the looting of the National Museum of Iraq , which held a massive collection of ancient artifacts from more than 7,000 years of Mesopotamian civilization.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Iraq Constitution Talks Delayed A special session of Iraq's national assembly to discuss whether it should adopt a draft of a new Iraqi constitution was today delayed by two hours.
^ Current Status of Iraqi 55 Most Wanted Multi National Force-Iraq http://www.mnf-iraq.com/irag-faqs/most-wanted.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A Slow Rebirth for Baghdad the Beautiful Two years after US tanks rolled in, Iraq's capital is part ruin, part building site.
It remained buried until 1845, when Botta and Layard discovered the ruins of the Assyrian cities.
.^ They are the people of an ancient land, the cradle of civilization, and they remain proud despite it all.
In these cities are found fragments of several great buildings which seem to have been palace-temples.
.^ They are the people of an ancient land, the cradle of civilization, and they remain proud despite it all.
^ However, some nations wanted to remain anonymous, while others did not wish to be on it at all, as highlighted by AFP ( March 29, 2003 ).- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Sport
Main article:
Sport in IraqFootball is the most popular sport in Iraq.
.^ The Bush Administration requested an additional $80 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan this year, .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ As the war in Iraq stretched beyond its fifth year the U.S. death toll rose to 4,000, and a national conference intended to reconcile sectarian groups was boycotted by Sunnis.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ If the United States is viewed as having lost the war in Iraq, how much would that bother you -- a great deal, a moderate amount, not much, or not at all?- Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.gallup.com [Source type: Original source]
Basketball,
swimming,
weightlifting,
bodybuilding,
boxing,
kick boxing and
tennis are also popular sports.
.^ Iraq Constitution Talks Delayed A special session of Iraq's national assembly to discuss whether it should adopt a draft of a new Iraqi constitution was today delayed by two hours.
^ Current Status of Iraqi 55 Most Wanted Multi National Force-Iraq http://www.mnf-iraq.com/irag-faqs/most-wanted.htm .- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The coach of the Iraqi national soccer team resigned and fled to Kurdistan.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
.^ Iraqis took to the streets after the national soccer team beat Saudi Arabia 1‒0 in the Asian Cup championship.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ JULY 27, 2007: Iraqi government in the midst of the worst crisis since the fall of Saddam Hussein , say several politicians and analysts.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ JUNE 20, 2006: Iraqi National Security Adviser writes that U.S. troops should be out of Iraq by the end of 2007 .- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
Cuisine
Main article:
Iraqi cuisine.^ The U.S. is apparently scaling back some of its demands, including backing off one that particularly incenses Iraqis, blanket immunity for private security contractors.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Value of the U.S. military equipment earmarked last year to aid Iraqi anti-Hussein groups: $97,000,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Estimated number of U.S. sorties flown in Iraqi no-fly zones last year: 10,000 .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
[111] .^ Photographs of Iraq by Gertrude Bell Traveller, mountaineer and Arabic speaker, Gertrude Bell was recruited by British Intelligence during the First World War and later became Oriental Secretary to the High Commissioner in Baghdad.- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The World Health Organisation (WHO) has for the first time since 2003 redeployed expatriate staff to Iraq , the United Nations agency said on Thursday.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
^ Earplugs sell out in Iraq People in Baghdad prepare for war while members of the "coalition of the willing" show their colours, writes Brian Whitaker.
[111] .^ Central Iraq was once known as Mesopotamia and was a cradle of ancient civilization.
^ They are the people of an ancient land, the cradle of civilization, and they remain proud despite it all.
^ FEBRUARY 13, 2007: 63 percent of Americans want all U.S. troops home from Iraq by the end of 2008.- Think Progress » A TIMELINE OF THE IRAQ WAR 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC thinkprogress.org [Source type: News]
[111] .^ Towards Baghdad Both sides proclaim the coalition's increasing proximity to the Iraqi capital as good news, writes Brian Whitaker.
^ April 2003 "Workers at Baghdad's Archaeological Museum carry in recovered items that had been looted following the liberation of the Iraqi capital city."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Calm Before the Storm in Baghdad Iraqi capital braces itself for mujahideen onslaught.
[111] .^ Iran and Us to Hold Iraq Talks Iran and the US are to hold ambassadorial level talks on Iraq, the Iranian foreign minister said today, in the first substantive contacts between the countries for years.
^ Leaving Iraq now is the West's Ultimate Suicide Instead of leaving Iraq, the US should cooperate with Turkey, Israel and India in invading Syria and Iran.
^ We spend our time well when we recall [former UN weapons inspector in Iraq, Scott] Ritter's version, and then reflect on the brazen mendacity of our 'elected' leaders.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[111]
.^ October 2004 "Iraqi Farmers ready for Fall Planting Season, as U.S. Soldiers deliver Wheat, Barley Seeds."- CCNY Reference Resources: Government Views of Iraq 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.ccny.cuny.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Iraq's governing council announced that it was opening the entire Iraqi economy, including essential services such as electricity, telecommunications , and health, to foreign investors .- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Civilians in Basra, Zubayr, and many other Iraqi cities were without drinking water.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ International Human rights organizations such as Amnesty International and others, throughout the 1980s and 1990s have reported on gross human rights violations of the Iraqi regime.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ If a country could successfully develop, independent of western, or even Soviet influence, then others might catch on to the idea!- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This would not be the first time the countries of central and eastern Europe - from the Balkan to the steppes of central Asia - bear the costs of Western policies against Iraq.
Most dishes are served with rice – usually
Basmati, grown in the
marshes of Southern Iraq.
[111] .^ Since 1991, Iraq has not used weapons of mass destruction nor engaged in war with any other country.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The attack was the country's worst since 2007 and killed an unspecified number of children at the Justice Ministry day-care center.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
^ Sydney, Australia (another country that backs the U.S. for war on Iraq) saw some 250,000 people protest, described as the largest since the days of the Vietnam War.- Media, Propaganda and Iraq — Global Issues 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC www.globalissues.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[111]
Meals begin with appetizers and salads – known as
Mezze. Some popular dishes include
Kebab (often marinated with garlic, lemon and spices, then grilled),
Shawarma (grilled meat sandwich wrap, similar to
Döner kebab),
Bamia (lamb, okra and tomato stew),
Quzi (lamb with rice, almonds, raisins and spices),
Falafel (fried chickpea patties served with
amba and salad in
pita),
Kibbeh (minced meat ground with bulghur or rice and spices),
Masgouf (grilled fish with pepper and tamarind), and
Maqluba (a rice, lamb, tomato and aubergine dish). Stuffed vegetable dishes such as
Dolma and
Mahshi are also popular.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Iraq". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=433&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=83&pr.y=17. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ^ "Kurdistan Regional Government". KRG. http://www.krg.org/articles/detail.asp?smap=01010100&lngnr=16&anr=25535&rnr=240. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ "Declaration of Principles for a Long-Term Relationship of Cooperation and Friendship Between the Republic of Iraq and the United States of America". http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/11/20071126-11.html.
- ^ "Top 10 Battles for the Control of Iraq". Livescience.com. http://www.livescience.com/history/top10_iraq_battles.html. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
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- ^ Pentagon: Iraq Withdrawal Plans on Schedule
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- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. 1979-12-10. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=iraq. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ John A. Halloran, Sumerian Lexicon, v.3.0 (2000)
- ^ W. Eilers (1983), "Iran and Mesopotamia" in E. Yarshater, The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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- ^ a b ʿERĀQ-EʿAJAM(Ī) "Persian Iraq", Encyclopedia Iranica Online.
- ^ Iraq – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ The term [Iraq] did not encompass the regions north of the region of Tikrit on the Tigris and near Hit on the Euphrates. Bernhardsson, Magnus Thorkell (2005) Reclaiming a Plundered Past, Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, ISBN 0292709471, 9780292709478, 327 pages, p. 97
- ^ Lane
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- ^ Population crises and cycles in history. A review of the book Population Crises and Population cycles by Claire Russell and W.M.S. Russell.
- ^ http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinSeas/IBSo94.pdf. p.8
- ^ Ibid, page 79
- ^ "Sunni control over the levels of power and the distribution of the spoils of office has had predictable consequences- a simmering resentment on the part of the Shi'a..." Anderson & Stansfield “The Future of Iraq: Dictatorship, Democracy or Division?”, page 6.
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- ^ The Iran-Iraq war: 25 years on. BBC News. September 22, 2005.
- ^ Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War, Rick Atkinson, 1993, p. 284–285
- ^ Felicity Arbuthnot, The Ameriya Shelter – St. Valentine's Day Massacre, February 13, 2007.
- ^ Scott Peterson, "'Smarter' bombs still hit civilians, Christian Science Monitor, 22 October 2002.
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- ^ 'Chemical Ali' on trial for brutal crushing of Shia uprising. The Guardian. August 22, 2007.
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- ^ "UN Says Sanctions Have Killed Some 500,000 Iraqi Children". Commondreams.org. 2000-07-21. http://www.commondreams.org/headlines/072100-03.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ "Denis Halliday – former United Nations employee resigned over Iraq sanctions – Interview". Findarticles.com. 1997-09-01. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1295/is_2_63/ai_53706052. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ Plan of Attack, Bob Woodward, 2004.
- ^ Operation Hotel California, The Clandestine War inside Iraq, Mike Tucker and Charles Faddis, 2008.
- ^ http://www.factcheck.org/bushs_16_words_on_iraq_uranium.html
- ^ "The President's State of Union Address, January 29, 2002,Washington, D.C". Whitehouse.gov. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ Borger, Julian (2004-10-07). "There were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq". guardian.co.uk. Guardian Media Group. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/oct/07/usa.iraq1. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/07/mil-040702-rferl02.htm
- ^ http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2004-07-01-poland-iraq-sarin x.htm
- ^ http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/index.html?siteSect=143&sid=5055996
- ^ http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=1078&dept id=151021&newsid=12185667&PAG=461&rfi=9
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3861197.stm
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- ^ "Iraq bodycount webpage". http://www.iraqbodycount.org/#position.
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- ^ "Saddam Hussein's Two Co-Defendants Hanged in Iraq". Bloomberg L.P.. 2007-01-15. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=adlWxYxfI4bE. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
- ^ "Ramadan hanging". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2965027. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ Second death sentence for Iraq's 'Chemical Ali, MSNBC.com, December 2, 2008. Retrieved on December 2, 2008.
- ^ Iraq's 'Chemical Ali' gets 3rd death sentence, Associated Press, March 2, 2009. Retrieved on January 17, 2010.
- ^ 'Chemical Ali' gets a new death sentence, MSNBC.com, January 17, 2010. Retrieved on January 17, 2010.
- ^ "Saddam Hussein's Henchman Chemical Ali Executed". http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/7072155/Saddam-Husseins-henchman-Chemical-Ali-executed.html. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
- ^ [2]
- ^ Ferguson, Barbara (11 September 2007). "Petraeus Says Iraq Troop Surge Working". Arab News. http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4§ion=0&article=101078&d=11&m=9&y=2007. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ^ "U.N. reports cholera outbreak in northern Iraq". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/08/29/iraq.cholera/index.html. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
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- ^ "Iraqis rejoice as U.S. troops leave Baghdad". rawstory.com. http://rawstory.com/08/news/2009/06/29/iraqis-rejoice-as-us-troops-leave-baghdad/.
- ^ "Iraq Faces Challenges after U.S. Withdrawal". CNSNews. http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/50244.
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- ^ a b "Terrorist attacks kill several in war-torn Iraq". Presstv.ir. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=106649§ionid=351020201.
- ^ Gates Notes Change in Chemistry Between Iraqi, U.S. Forces
- ^ "US soldiers leave Iraq's cities". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8125547.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
- ^ Christie, Michael (November 30, 2009). "Iraqi civilian deaths drop to lowest level of war". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/middleeastCrisis/idUSGEE5AT2AD. Retrieved November 30, 2009.
- ^ "US Department of Energy Information Administration". http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.html.
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Bibliography
.^ It is the Moment for Democrats to Show Real Leadership If President Bush's veto is not challenged tomorrow, thousands of Iraqis and hundreds of US troops are certain to perish.
^ A few hundred thousand of these have requested asylum in the USA. America has accepted 466.Opinion among Americans as to whether America has any moral obligation towards the refugees is divided.
^ Hundreds of thousands of Iraqi Shiites traveled to Karbala to flagellate themselves in commemoration of the death of Hussein, Muhammad's grandson.- Iraq (Harper's Magazine) 28 January 2010 0:00 UTC harpers.org [Source type: General]
Henry Holt and Co.,
NY, U.S. ISBN 0-8050-7602-6
Hanna Batatu, "The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq", Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978
Charles Glass, "The Northern Front: A Wartime Diary"' Saqi Books, London, 2004, ISBN 0863567703
A Dweller in Mesopotamia, being the adventures of an official artist in the garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921. (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)
By Desert Ways to Baghdad, by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins) With illustrations and a map, 1908 (1909 ed). (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)
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جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūrīyat Al-Irāq, Kurdish: كؤماری عهراق, Komara Îraqê,[2] Assyrian: ܥܝܼܪܵܩ )ܥܝܪܐܩ)) is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.^ 
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