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.^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ But such a list probably warrants a more detailed background...Born in Long Island, New York on February 8, 1932, John Towner Williams discovered music almost immediately, due in no small measure to being the son of a percussionist for CBS Radio and the Raymond Scott Quintet.
^ Williams, John Sharp (1854-1932) — of Yazoo City, Yazoo County , Miss.- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.
^ Grand marshal, Tournament of Roses parade [2004] (imdb.com) Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ In a career that spans six decades, Williams has composed many of the most famous film scores in history, including all but one of Steven Spielberg`s feature films, Star Wars, Superman, Born on the Fourth of July, and Harry Potter.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ In addition, he has composed theme music for four Olympic Games, NBC Nightly News, and numerous television series and concert pieces.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ NBC Nightly News (1970) 83.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ In addition, he has composed theme music for four Olympic Games, NBC Nightly News, and numerous television series and concert pieces.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ The title of the evening's last major piece -- and its demands on the players -- seemed to pull all the themes of the two-plus-hour-long concert together.
.^ He served as the principal conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra from 1980 to 1993, and is now the orchestra`s laureate conductor.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ He currently serves as the Pop's Conductor Laureate.
^ Conductor of the Boston Pops for 12 years.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Williams is a five-time winner of the Academy Award.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ He has also won 4 Golden Globes, 7 BAFTA Awards and 10 Grammy Awards.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
[1] .^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Williams is a five-time winner of the Academy Award.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
[2] He was inducted into the
Hollywood Bowl Hall of Fame in 2000, and was a recipient of the
Kennedy Center Honors in 2004.
Early life and family
.^ Who is John Williams dating?- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Attended UCLA, Los Angeles City College & Juilliard (imdb.com) Son of jazz musician Johnny Williams, who was best known as the drummer in The Raymond Scott Quintette.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ John Williams Plays Bach Release Date: August 27, 2002 Track listing for CD Longplay (089612) .
.^ Williams, J. Roy — of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County , Calif.- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Attended UCLA, Los Angeles City College & Juilliard (imdb.com) Son of jazz musician Johnny Williams, who was best known as the drummer in The Raymond Scott Quintette.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco :: Robert Van Epps Followers .- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
[4] In 1952, Williams was drafted into the
United States Air Force, where he conducted and arranged music for the
Air Force Band as part of his duties.
.^ His return to the states brought him to Julliard, where renowned piano pedagogue Madame Rosina Lhevinne helped Williams hone his performance skills.
^ Williams, Jonas — Member of New York state assembly from Cattaraugus, Chautauqua and Niagara counties, 1812-14.- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872 .- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4] During this time he worked as a
jazz pianist at New York's many studios and clubs. He also played for composer
Henry Mancini: The session musicians were John Williams on piano, Rolly Bundock on bass,
Jack Sperling on drums, and Bob Bain on guitar—the same lineup featured on the "
Mr. Lucky" television series.
.^ Worked extensively with the London Symphony Orchestra (imdb.com) Performed the famous piano riff on the original recording of Henry Mancini's theme to "Peter Gunn" (1958).- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ And, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, Meco's "Star Wars and Other Galactic Funk" album also outsold Williams' soundtrack by 300,000 units.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Worked extensively with the London Symphony Orchestra Son of jazz musician Johnny Williams, who was best known as the drummer in The Raymond Scott Quintette.
.^ The collaboration of Williams and Etheridge continues in performance they are currently on tour together in the U.S. and will continue through early 2007.
^ Barbara Ruick 1956 - 74 Capricorn Samantha Winslow 1980 Profile Married Relationship "Encounter" On-Screen Couples .- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ His son, Joseph Williams, became a member of the band Toto in 1986.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
- John Williams Biography and Filmography 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.actorsofhollywood.com [Source type: General]
His daughter, Jenny Williams, is a singer.
.^ His son, Joseph Williams, became a member of the band Toto in 1986.
^ Honorary Member of Kappa Kappa Psi National Honrary Band Fraternity.
^ Member, Phi Kappa Psi .- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Film scoring
John Williams at the Avery Fisher Hall.
.^ During a live orchestral concert of film music in late 2004, Williams presented a tribute to the late Jerry Goldsmith, David Raksin, and Elmer Bernstein, explaining how he played piano on some of their scores at the beginning of his career.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
[6]
.^ Attended UCLA, Los Angeles City College & Juilliard (imdb.com) Son of jazz musician Johnny Williams, who was best known as the drummer in The Raymond Scott Quintette.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Williams, J. Roy — of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County , Calif.- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Composed his first symphony at the urging of fellow film composer Bernard Herrmann.
^ At age 24, 'Johnny Williams' became a staff arranger at Columbia and then at 20th Century-Fox, orchestrating for Alfred Newman and Lionel Newman, Dimitri Tiomkin, Franz Waxman, and other Golden Age notables.
^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
[7] .^ Performed the famous piano riff on the original recording of Henry Mancini's theme to "Peter Gunn" (1958).
^ Worked extensively with the London Symphony Orchestra (imdb.com) Performed the famous piano riff on the original recording of Henry Mancini's theme to "Peter Gunn" (1958).- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ During a live orchestral concert of film music in late 2004, Williams presented a tribute to the late Jerry Goldsmith, David Raksin, and Elmer Bernstein, explaining how he played piano on some of their scores at the beginning of his career.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
[8][9] .^ In addition, he has composed theme music for four Olympic Games, NBC Nightly News, and numerous television series and concert pieces.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ During a live orchestral concert of film music in late 2004, Williams presented a tribute to the late Jerry Goldsmith, David Raksin, and Elmer Bernstein, explaining how he played piano on some of their scores at the beginning of his career.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Because They're Young .
^ In 1977, John Williams re-popularized the epic cinema sound of Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Franz Waxman, and other composers from the Hollywood Golden Age: Star Wars (1977) became the best selling score-only soundtrack of all time, and spawned countless musical imitators.
^ For the next five years, though the music in Hollywood changed, John Williams wrote big, brassy scores for big, brassy films - The Fury (1978), Superman (1978), 1941 (1979), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) ...
He received his first
Academy Award nomination for his score to the 1967 film
Valley of the Dolls, and was nominated again in 1969 for
Goodbye, Mr. Chips.
.^ Fiddler on the Roof (1971) 59.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
^ Of course, his arrangements continued to garner attention, and he won his first Oscar for adapting Fiddler on the Roof (1971).During the '70s, he was King of Disaster Scores with The Poseidon Adventure (1972), Earthquake (1974) and The Towering Inferno (1974).
.^ The Towering Inferno (1974) 72.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ During a live orchestral concert of film music in late 2004, Williams presented a tribute to the late Jerry Goldsmith, David Raksin, and Elmer Bernstein, explaining how he played piano on some of their scores at the beginning of his career.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Grand marshal, Tournament of Roses parade [2004] (imdb.com) Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.
^ The Sugarland Express (1974) 56.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ The Sugarland Express (1974) 71.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Composed the score to Alfred Hitchcock's final film.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
They teamed up again a year later for the director's second film,
Jaws. Widely considered a classic suspense piece, the score's ominous two-note
motif has become nearly synonymous with
sharks and approaching danger.
.^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) 61.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ The Special Edition: Close Encounters of the Third Kind (USA: reissue title) Star Wars (1977) ...- John Williams (I) 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.imdb.com [Source type: General]
^ Grand marshal, Tournament of Roses parade [2004] (imdb.com) Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Unusual for a Hollywood production, Spielberg's script and Williams's musical concepts were developed at the same time and were closely linked.
.^ The two worked together on Return of the Jedi, collaborating on the song performed by the alien band in Jabba's Palace.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ For the next five years, though the music in Hollywood changed, John Williams wrote big, brassy scores for big, brassy films - The Fury (1978), Superman (1978), 1941 (1979), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) ...
^ Star Wars: Music by John Williams (1980) 64.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ John Williams: Creating a Musical Tradition (2007) 3.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Close Encounters of the Third Kind was released in 1977.
.^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
^ In 1977, John Williams re-popularized the epic cinema sound of Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Franz Waxman, and other composers from the Hollywood Golden Age: Star Wars (1977) became the best selling score-only soundtrack of all time, and spawned countless musical imitators.
^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Its main theme—"
Luke's Theme"—is among the most widely recognized in motion picture history, and the "
Force Theme" and "
Princess Leia's Theme" are well-known examples of
leitmotif.
.^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ As one of the best known, awarded, and financially successful composers in US history, John Williams is as easy to recall as John Philip Sousa, Aaron Copland or Leonard Bernstein, illustrating why he is "America's composer" time again.
.^ SPFX: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 63.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ SPFX: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 48.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 54.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
The original
Star Wars trilogy concluded with the 1983 film
Return of the Jedi, for which Williams's score provided "
Jabba the Hutt's Theme" and the "
Emperor's Theme." Both scores earned Williams Academy Award nominations.
John Williams conducting the music score to
Raiders of the Lost Ark in the Avery Fisher Hall.
Williams worked with director
Richard Donner to score the 1978 film
Superman. The score's heroic and romantic themes, particularly the main march, the
Superman fanfare and the love theme, known as "
Can You Read My Mind," would appear in the four sequel films.
.^ Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) 53.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ For the next five years, though the music in Hollywood changed, John Williams wrote big, brassy scores for big, brassy films - The Fury (1978), Superman (1978), 1941 (1979), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) ...
^ Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Adaptation .
He also composed separate themes to represent the
Ark of the Covenant, the character Marion and the Nazi villains of the story.
.^ Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) 47.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) 41.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1985) 45.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
The music conveys the film's benign, childlike sense of innocence, particularly with a spirited theme for the freedom of flight, and a soft string-based theme for the friendship between characters E.T. and Elliott.
.^ Attended UCLA, Los Angeles City College & Juilliard Composed the score to Alfred Hitchcock's final film.
^ Composed the score to Alfred Hitchcock's final film.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated individual after Walt Disney.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932), is an Academy Award, Grammy, Golden Globe and BAFTA Award-winning American composer, conductor and pianist.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Williams is a five-time winner of the Academy Award.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.
^ The '80s also brought the only exceptions to the composer's collaboration with Steven Spielberg - others scored both Spielberg's segment of Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) and The Color Purple (1985).Intending to retire, the composer's output became sporadic during the 1990s, particularly after the exciting Jurassic Park (1993) and the masterful, Oscar-winning Schindler's List (1993).
^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
The film's producer,
Quincy Jones, wanted to personally arrange and compose the music for the project.
.^ During a live orchestral concert of film music in late 2004, Williams presented a tribute to the late Jerry Goldsmith, David Raksin, and Elmer Bernstein, explaining how he played piano on some of their scores at the beginning of his career.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ In a career that spans six decades, Williams has composed many of the most famous film scores in history, including all but one of Steven Spielberg`s feature films, Star Wars, Superman, Born on the Fourth of July, and Harry Potter.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Composed the score to Alfred Hitchcock's final film.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
.^ Empire of the Sun (1987) 43.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Jurassic Park (1993) 30.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Empire of the Sun (1987) 73.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Spielberg has said, "I call it an honorable privilege to regard John Williams as a friend."
[11]
.^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
^ His relationships with Spielberg and Lucas continue in Artificial Intelligence: AI (2001), the remaining Star Wars prequels (2002, 2005), Minority Report (2002), Catch Me If You Can (2002), and a promised fourth Indiana Jones film.
^ Empire of Dreams: The Story of the 'Star Wars' Trilogy .
Williams was asked to score all three films, starting with
The Phantom Menace. Along with themes from the previous movies, Williams created new themes to be used as leitmotifs in
Attack of the Clones (2002) and
Revenge of the Sith (2005).
.^ Star Wars: Music by John Williams (1980) 64.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Also of note was "Anakin's Theme," which begins as an innocent childlike melody and morphs insidiously into a quote of the sinister "Imperial March" of the prior trilogy. For
Episode II, Williams composed "Across the Stars," a love theme for
Padmé Amidala and
Anakin Skywalker (mirroring the love theme composed for the second film of the previous trilogy,
The Empire Strikes Back). The final installment combined many of the themes created for the series' previous ones, including "The Emperor's Theme," "The Imperial March," "Across the Stars," "Duel of the Fates," "The Force Theme," "Rebel Fanfare," "Luke's Theme," and "Princess Leia's Theme," as well new themes for
General Grievous and the film's climax, entitled "Battle of the Heroes." Few composers have scored an entire series of this magnitude: The combined scores of all six
Star Wars films add up to music that takes a full orchestra more than 14 hours to perform in its entirety.
In the new millennium, Williams was asked to score the film adaptation of the widely successful book series,
Harry Potter. He went on to score the first three installments of the franchise.
.^ Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) 8.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2008) 5.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) 7.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Like the main themes from
Star Wars,
Jaws, Superman, and
Indiana Jones, fans have come to identify the
Harry Potter films with Williams's original piece.
In 2006,
Superman Returns was released, under the direction of
Bryan Singer, best known for directing the first two movies in the
X-Men series.
.^ Jurassic Park III (2001) 25.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ In addition, he has composed theme music for four Olympic Games, NBC Nightly News, and numerous television series and concert pieces.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Check out John Williams new website at www.johnwilliamsguitar.com and visit the TOUR SECTION for new performance dates!
(Film scores by Ottman and to a lesser extent Davis are often compared to those of Williams, as both use similar styles of composition.)
.^ His relationships with Spielberg and Lucas continue in Artificial Intelligence: AI (2001), the remaining Star Wars prequels (2002, 2005), Minority Report (2002), Catch Me If You Can (2002), and a promised fourth Indiana Jones film.
^ Steven Spielberg ] [ Robin Williams ] [ Jude Law ] [ Haley Joel Osment ] [ Brendan Gleeson ] .
^ Steven Spielberg ] [ William H Macy ] [ Sam Neill ] [ Alessandro Nivola ] [ Michael Jeter ] .
It was recently announced that Williams scores
The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn, the first film in the upcoming
Tintin trilogy based on the comics by
Hergé, continuing his long-time collaboration with Steven Spielberg, while also working with
Peter Jackson for the first time.
[13][14][15][16][17] The film is now in
post-production. The scoring sessions began in October 2009 and the main sessions will end in summer 2010.
Conducting and performing
Williams signing an autograph after a concert
.^ He's led countless national and international orchestras, most notably as the nineteenth conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra from 1980-1993, helming three Pops tours of the US and Japan during his tenure.
^ Trivia Conductor of the Boston Pops for 12 years.
Williams never personally met Fiedler, although he did speak with him on the telephone.
.^ Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back .
^ Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back .
^ SPFX: The Empire Strikes Back .
Williams almost ended his tenure with the Pops in 1984.
[18] Considered a customary practice of opinion, some players hissed while sight-reading a new Williams composition in rehearsal. Williams abruptly left the session and turned in his resignation, reportedly owing to mounting conflicts with his film composing schedule as well as a perceived lack of discipline in the Pops' ranks, culminating in this latest instance. After entreaties by the management and personal apologies from the musicians, Williams reconsidered his resignation and continued for nine more years.
[19] In 1995 he was succeeded by
Keith Lockhart, the former associate conductor of the
Cincinnati Symphony and
Pops.
Williams is now the Laureate Conductor of the Pops, thus maintaining his affiliation with its parent, the
Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO), resident of Symphony Hall in the Massachusetts capital. Williams leads the Pops on several occasions each year, particularly during their Holiday Pops season and typically for a week of concerts in May.
.^ 'Saving Private Ryan': Music and Sound .
^ 'Saving Private Ryan': Miller and His Platoon .
^ Saving Private Ryan .
.^ Of particular interests are his Essay for Strings, a jazzy Prelude & Fugue, the multimedia presentation American Journey (aka The Unfinished Journey (1999)), a Sinfonietta for Winds, a song cycle featuring poems by Rita Dove, concerti for flute, violin, clarinet, trumpet, tuba, cello, bassoon and horn, fanfares for the 1984, 1988 and 1996 Summer Olympics, the 2002 Winter Olympics, and a song co-written with Alan & Marilyn Bergman for the Special Olympics!
^ The title of the evening's last major piece -- and its demands on the players -- seemed to pull all the themes of the two-plus-hour-long concert together.
^ Also to his credit is a parallel career as an author of serious, and some not-so-serious, concert works - performed by the likes of Mstislav Rostropovich, André Previn, Itzhak Perlman, Yo-Yo Ma, Gil Shaham, Leonard Slatkin, James Ingram, Dale Clevenger, and Joshua Bell.
He is also an accomplished pianist, as can be heard in various scores in which he provides solos, as well as a handful of European classical music recordings.
Stanley Donen (left) and John Williams, Avery Fisher Hall
In addition, in 1985, Williams composed the well-known NBC News theme "The Mission" (which he performs in concert to signal the final encore), "
Liberty Fanfare" for the rededication of the
Statue of Liberty, "We're Lookin' Good!" for the Special Olympics in celebration of the 1987 International Summer Games, and themes for the 1984, 1988, 1996, and 2002 Olympic games. His most recent concert work "Seven for Luck", for soprano and orchestra, is a seven-piece song cycle based on the texts of former U.S. Poet Laureate
Rita Dove. "Seven for Luck" was given its world premiere by the Boston Symphony under Williams with soprano
Cynthia Haymon.
.^ So keep those ears ready wherever you go, 'cause you will likely hear a bit of John Williams on your way.
[citation needed]
.^ And, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, Meco's "Star Wars and Other Galactic Funk" album also outsold Williams' soundtrack by 300,000 units.
^ Star Wars: Jedi Knight - Dark Forces II .
^ Star Wars: Dark Forces .
.^ Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872 .- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ For the next five years, though the music in Hollywood changed, John Williams wrote big, brassy scores for big, brassy films - The Fury (1978), Superman (1978), 1941 (1979), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) ...
^ The program is introduced by Williams three-part Extra Time launched with an extended and altered version of a well known Bach prelude, his liner notes reveal.
^ When Spielberg reunited with Williams on Jaws (1975), they established themselves as a blockbuster team, the composer gained his first Academy Award for Original Score, and Spielberg promptly recommended Williams to a friend, George Lucas.
.^ Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.
^ Grand marshal, Tournament of Roses parade [2004] (imdb.com) Composed for all but two of Steven Spielberg's feature films.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ But his Americana - particularly The Reivers (1969) - is what caught the ear of director Steven Spielberg, then preparing for his first feature, The Sugarland Express (1974).
.^ The title of the evening's last major piece -- and its demands on the players -- seemed to pull all the themes of the two-plus-hour-long concert together.
These featured a tribute to the musicals of film director
Stanley Donen, and had the distinction of serving as the opening event of the New York Philharmonic season.
[21]
Notable compositions
Film scores
.^ For the next five years, though the music in Hollywood changed, John Williams wrote big, brassy scores for big, brassy films - The Fury (1978), Superman (1978), 1941 (1979), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) ...
^ John Williams Plays the Movies Release Date: April 01, 1997 Track listing for CD Longplay (063000) .
^ Places Between - John Williams & John Etheridge Live in Dublin Release Date: October 17, 2006 Track listing for CD Longplay (700907) .
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
- The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn (2011)
The Olympics
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- "Olympic Fanfare and Theme" – 1984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles
- Written specifically for the opening ceremonies. In a 1996 re-release, the opening trumpet fanfare was replaced with Bugler's Dream, a previous Olympic Theme written by Leo Arnaud. .
- "The Olympic Spirit" – 1988 Summer Olympics, Seoul
- Commissioned by NBC Sports for their television coverage.
- "Summon the Heroes" – 1996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta, Georgia
- Written in commemoration of the Centennial of the Modern Olympic Games.^ In addition, he has composed theme music for four Olympic Games, NBC Nightly News, and numerous television series and concert pieces.
- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
^ Centennial Olympic Games: Torch Relay Opening Ceremonies (1996) 33.- John Williams - Dating, Gossip, News, John Williams Photos 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC www.whosdatedwho.com [Source type: General]
Premiering on July 19, 1996, the piece features heavy use of the brass and wind sections and is approximately six minutes in length. (Principal Boston Pops trumpeter Timothy Morrison played the opening solo on the album recording.) It has been arranged for various types of ensembles, including wind ensembles. This theme is now used prevalently by NBC for intros and outros to commercial breaks of the Olympics.
- "Call of the Champions" – 2002 Winter Olympics, Salt Lake City, Utah
Television themes
Concerti
- Concerto for Flute and Orchestra (1969), premiered only in 1981 by the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra under Leonard Slatkin.
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (1976 rev. 1998), premiered only in 1981 by the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra under Slatkin.
- Concerto for Tuba and Orchestra (1985), premiered by the tubist Chester Schmitz of the Boston Pops for their 100th anniversary.
- Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1991), recorded by Michele Zukovsky for whom it was written. .
- Concerto for Bassoon and Orchestra (The Five Sacred Trees) (1993).
- Concerto for Cello and Orchestra (1994).
- Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra (1996).
- Elegy for Cello and Piano (1997), later arranged for Cello and Orchestra (2002).^ Concerto Antico; Concerto for Guitar & Orchestra Release Date: February 20, 1996 Track listing for CD Longplay (068337) .
^ Concerto for Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Violin, Viola and Piano, Op.
.
- TreeSong, Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (2000).
- Heartwood: Lyric Sketches for Cello and Orchestra (2002).
- Concerto for Horn and Orchestra (2003).^ Largo from Concerto in F minor for Violin and Orchestra, Op.
^ Concerto for Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Violin, Viola and Piano, Op.
Premiered with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in November 2003.
- Duo Concertante for Violin and Viola (2007). Premiered at Tanglewood in August 2007.
- Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (2009)
- Concerto for Harp and Orchestra "On Willows and Birches" (2009)
Celebration pieces and other concert works
- Prelude and Fugue (1965), for orchestra. Available for download in MP3 at the United States Marine Band website.
- Symphony #1 (1966), premiered by Houston Symphony under André Previn in 1968. Williams reworked the piece in 1988 (performed by San Francisco Symphony during a visit as guest conductor in early '90s)
- Thomas and The King (musical, 1975), premiered in London. Recorded in 1981 by the Original Cast.
- Jubilee 350 Fanfare (1980), it was premiered by the Boston Pops conducted by Williams. Piece celebrating the 350th anniversary of the City of Boston.
- Liberty Fanfare (1986), premiered on July 4, 1986 by the Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra. Piece composed for the Centennial of the Statue of Liberty.
- A Hymn to New England (1987).
- Fanfare for Michael Dukakis (1988). .
- For New York (Variations on theme by Leonard Bernstein) (1988).^ Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from New York, 1868 .
- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Delegate to Democratic National Convention from California, 1972 ; candidate for Presidential Elector for California, 1972 .- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Maine, 1924 , 1936 .- The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Williams, J. 14 January 2010 22:41 UTC politicalgraveyard.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Composed for Leonard Bernstein's 70th birthday celebrations.
- Celebrate Discovery (1990). Composed for the 500th anniversary celebration of the arrival of Columbus in America.
- Sound the Bells! (1993).
- Song for World Peace (1994).
- Variations on Happy Birthday (1995).
- American Journey (1999). .
- Three Pieces for solo Cello (2001).
- Soundings (2003), composed for the Walt Disney Concert Hall.
- Star Spangled Banner (2007), special arrangement for game 1 of the 2007 World Series played by the Boston Pops Orchestra.
- A Timeless Call (2008).^ Three Pieces for Cello and Piano, Op.
.
- Air and Simple Gifts, performed by Itzhak Perlman on violin, Yo-Yo Ma on cello, Gabriela Montero on piano, and Anthony McGill on clarinet.^ Quartet for Clarinet, Tenor Saxophone, Violin and Piano, Op.
^ Concerto for Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Violin, Viola and Piano, Op.
Composed for the Barack Obama 2009 presidential inauguration.
Awards
John Williams has won a total of five
Academy Awards and four
Golden Globe Awards. He has been nominated for 21 Golden Globes and 59 Grammys. With 45 Oscar nominations, Williams currently holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for a living person,
[23][24] being the second most nominated person in the history of the
Academy Awards, tied with late fellow film composer
Alfred Newman, to
Walt Disney's 59. Forty of Williams' Oscar nominations are for
Best Original Music Score and 5 are for
Best Original Song. All five winners are in the former category. (More correctly: The first Academy Award for
Fiddler on the Roof was for Musical Adaptation.)
In 2003, the International Olympic Committee accorded Mr. Williams its highest individual honor, the Olympic Order.
In 2010 Williams got the National Medal of Arts in the White House in Washington for his achievements in symphonic music for motion pictures", and "as a pre-eminent composer and conductor [whose] scores have defined and inspired modern movie-going for decades."
Grammy awards
- Jaws (1975) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- Star Wars (1977) (Best Pop Instrumental Performance)
- Main Title from Star Wars (1977) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- Star Wars (1977) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- Theme from Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1978) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1978) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- Main Title Theme from Superman (1979) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- Superman (1979) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- Flying (Theme from E.T.) (1982) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- E.T. (1982) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture)
- Flying (Theme from E.T.) (1982) (Best Arrangement on an Instrumental Recording)
- Olympic Fanfare and Theme (1984) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- Schindler's List (1993) (Instrumental Composition for a Motion Picture or Television)
- Saving Private Ryan (1998) (Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television)
- Theme from Angela's Ashes (2000) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- Memoirs Of A Geisha (2007) (Best Score Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media)
- "A Prayer For Peace" (Theme from Munich) (2007) (Best Instrumental Composition)
- "The Adventures of Mutt" (from Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull) (2008) (Best Instrumental Composition)
Golden Globe Awards
- Jaws (1975) (Best Original Score)
- Star Wars (1977) (Best Original Score)
- E.T. (1982) (Best Original Score)
- Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) (Best Original Score)
Emmy Awards
- Heidi (1968) (Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition)
- Jane Eyre (1971) (Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition)
- "Great Performances" (2009) (Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music)
Academy awards
- Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
- Jaws (1975)
- Star Wars (1977)
- E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
- Schindler's List (1993)
Academy Award nominations (excluding wins)
- Valley of the Dolls (1967) (Score Adaptation)
- Goodbye, Mr Chips (1969) (Score Adaptation)
- The Reivers (1969) (Original Score)
- Images (1972) (Original Score)
- The Poseidon Adventure (1972) (Original Score)
- Cinderella Liberty (1973) (Original Dramatic Score)
- Nice to Be Around (from Cinderella Liberty) (1973) (Song)
- Tom Sawyer (1973) (Score Adaptation)
- The Towering Inferno (1974) (Original Score)
- Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) (Original Score)
- Superman (1978) (Original Score)
- The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (Original Score)
- Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (Original Score)
- If We Were in Love (from Yes, Giorgio) (1982) (Song)
- Return of the Jedi (1983) (Original Score)
- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) (Original Score)
- The River (1984) (Original Score)
- Empire of the Sun (1987) (Original Score)
- The Witches of Eastwick (1987) (Original Score)
- The Accidental Tourist (1988) (Original Score)
- Born on the Fourth of July (1989) (Original Score)
- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) (Original Score)
- Home Alone (1990) (Original Score)
- Somewhere in My Memory (from Home Alone) (1990) (Song)
- JFK (1991) (Original Score)
- When You're Alone (from Hook) (1991) (Song)
- Nixon (1995) (Original Dramatic Score)
- Sabrina (1995) (Original Musical or Comedy Score)
- Moonlight (from Sabrina) (1995) (Song)
- Sleepers (1996) (Original Dramatic Score)
- Amistad (1997) (Original Dramatic Score)
- Saving Private Ryan (1998) (Original Dramatic Score)
- Angela's Ashes (1999) (Original Score)
- The Patriot (2000) (Original Score)
- A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001) (Original Score)
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) (Original Score)
- Catch Me If You Can (2002) (Original Score)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) (Original Score)
- Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) (Original Score)
- Munich (2005) (Original Score)
Further Reading
- Peter Moormann: Spielberg-Variationen. Die Filmmusik von John Williams, Baden-Baden (Germany): Nomos 2010. ISBN=978-3-8329-5355-3
See also
References
- ^ John Williams' Awards at www.IMDb.com (accessed July 9, 2007)
- ^ Official Academy Awards Database at www.oscars.org (accessed 2007-09-29)
- ^ "John Williams Biography (1932-)". http://www.filmreference.com/film/83/John-Williams.html.
- ^ a b Sony Classical Williams Biography at www.sonybmgmasterworks.com (accessed 2007-09-29)
- ^ "Romanticism". https://www.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/romanticism.html. Retrieved 2006-08-25.
- ^ "Behind the Scenes". http://scifi.about.com/library/starwars/bl-johnwilliams.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-25.
- ^ Films & Filming, vol.24, 1977, p.32
- ^ Tribute to John Williams, ca. 1991.
- ^ John Williams Biography at FilmReference.com.
- ^ Marooned credits (unaired pilot, 16 October 1962)
- ^ Spielberg, Steven (1993). Jurassic Park Audio CD (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack CD) - Back Cover. Back Cover - "...and I consider it a privilege to call John my Friend.". MCA.
- ^ "David Heyman on Possible Return of John Williams to Score Deathly Hallows Films" at www.the-leaky-cauldron.org (accessed 14 July 2009)
- ^ Mikael Carlsson (February 19, 2009). "John Williams: The Adventures of Tintin". Upcoming Film Scores. http://upcomingfilmscores.blogspot.com/2009/02/john-williams-adventures-of-tintin.html. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ Liam (February 20, 2009). "John Williams to score Tintin". Filmonic. http://filmonic.com/john-williams-score-tintin. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ Alex Billington (February 20, 2009). "John Williams Scoring Spielberg's Adventures of Tintin". FirstShowing.net. http://www.firstshowing.net/2009/02/20/john-williams-scoring-spielbergs-adventures-of-tintin/. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ "John Williams to Score "Tintin"". WorstPreviews. February 20, 2009. http://www.worstpreviews.com/headline.php?id=12166. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ "John Williams and Steven Spielberg Reteam for Tintin". NewsinFilm. February 21, 2009. http://newsinfilm.com/?p=9645. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ ""Boston Pops Conductor Resigns Abruptly"". New York Times. 14 June 1984. http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F10E11FE3B5F0C778DDDAF0894DC484D81. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
- ^ ""At 100, the Boston Still Packs Them In"". New York Times. 1 May 1985. http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F20F10F93D5F0C728CDDAC0894DD484D81. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
- ^ ""Concerto for Clarinet"". MyTempo.com. 1991. http://www.mytempo.com/williams.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
- ^ ""John Williams"". New York Philharmonic. http://nyphil.org/attend/broadcasts/index.cfm?page=broadcastDetail&broadcastKey=149. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
- ^ John Eggerton,"Are You Ready For Some Gridiron Violins?"in Broadcasting & Cable, 30 August 2006.
- ^ "Williams, John biography". http://www.8notes.com/biographies/john_williams.asp. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
- ^ "John Williams Film Music Box Biography Discography News". http://www.filmmusicbox.com/boutique_us/page_actus_page.cfm?code_lg=lg_us&num_actus=3. Retrieved 2006-05-06.
- ^ http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/scores.aspx AFI 100 Years of Film Scores,
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