José María Velasco Ibarra (March 19, 1893 - March 30, 1979) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the president of Ecuador from 1934-1935, 1944-1947, 1952-1956, 1960-1961, and 1968-1972. He only served one of those terms without being ousted by the army, from 1952-1956.
The events surrounding the end of his fifth and last presidency are dealt with in Philip Agee's book CIA Diary.
There is debate about whether his rule can correctly be labelled as populist. Following Agustin Cueva, several authors have argued that in the midst of a hegemonic crisis Velasco rose to power on the votes of the coastal sub-proletariat, peasants who had migrated to urban centres as the cacao industry dwindled. The charismatic figure of Velasco, according to this view, emotionally captured the multitude with promises of redemption. Others, among them Rafael Quintero, argue that the entrenched landowning elite was responsible for Velasco's victory (at least in the 30s), as the Coastal elite had been weakened by the end of the cacao boom.
“Give me a balcony and I will become president,” said José María Velasco, Ecuador's most prominent populist, who was five times elected president and four times overthrown by the army.[1]
| Preceded by Abelardo Montalvo |
President of
Ecuador 1934-1935 |
Succeeded by Antonio Pons |
| Preceded by Julio Teodoro Salem |
President of
Ecuador 1944-1947 |
Succeeded by Carlos Mancheno |
| Preceded by Galo Plaza |
President of
Ecuador 1952-1956 |
Succeeded by Camilo Ponce |
| Preceded by Camilo Ponce |
President of
Ecuador 1960-1961 |
Succeeded by Carlos Julio Arosemena |
| Preceded by Otto Arosemena |
President of
Ecuador 1968-1972 |
Succeeded by Guillermo Rodríguez |
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