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Welsh military pilot and journalist, Wing Commander Patrick Gibbs, published two volumes of wartime memoirs 49 years apart: Not Peace, But a Sword (1943) and Torpedo Leader (1992)?
A journalist collects and disseminates information about current events, people, trends, and issues. His or her work is acknowledged as journalism.
Reporters are one type of journalist. They create reports as a profession for broadcast or publication in mass media such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, documentary film, and the Internet. Reporters find sources for their work, their reports can be either spoken or written, and they are often expected to report in the most objective and unbiased way to serve the public good. A columnist is a journalist who writes pieces that appear regularly in newspapers or magazines.
Some journalists in the United States adhere to the standards and norms expressed in the Society of Professional Journalistsethical code.[1] Foremost in the minds of most practicing journalists is the issue of maintaining credibility, "Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a journalist's credibility."[1]For journalists struggling with ethical decisions, there is an Ethics AdviceLine for Journalists.
Journalism is the discipline of
gathering, writing and reporting news, and broadly it includes the
process of editing and presenting the news articles. Journalism
applies to various media, but is not limited to newspapers,
magazines, radio, and television. While under pressure to be the
first to publish its stories, each news media organization adheres
to its own standards of accuracy, quality, and style — usually editing and proofreading its reports
prior to publication. Many news organizations claim proud
traditions of holding government officials and institutions
accountable to the public, while media critics have raised
questions on the accountability of the press. The word
journalism is taken from the French journal which
in turn comes from the Latin diurnal or daily. The
Acta Diurna, a handwritten bulletin, was put up daily in
the Forum, the main public square in ancient Rome, and was the
world's first newspaper.
Sourced
I don't want to be part of the story. I want to be an
anonymous, quiet onlooker who tries to work out what the hell is
happening - its not easy - and then tells other people about it. I
don't like being a figure in the thing.
You go all over America and you see small papers that do really
good jobs in their communities of reporting. The modern New York
Times, the modern Washington Post, the modern Wall Street Journal
are better papers than they were at the time of Watergate in most
respects. But if you look at the rest of the field, ... real news
based on the best obtainable version of the truth was becoming less
and less a commodity, less and less a real part of our journalistic
institutions.
Grassroots journalism is part of the wider phenomenon of
citizen-generated media - of a global conversation that is growing
in strength, complexity, and power. When people can express
themselves, they will. When they can do so with powerful yet
inexpensive tools, they take to the new-media realm quickly. When
they can reach a potentially global audience, they literally can
change the world.
The Web sites of interest groups generally advance the cause of
journalganda, in that everything is presented through the filter of
the interest group. […] It is an odd, unreal world but very
important because it's where partisans can go to have their
thoughts re-enforced. There's nothing like journalganda to make you
feel absolutely certain you are correct, no matter what your
position. […] Real journalism can always be identified by the way
it makes normal people sometimes feel very uncomfortable about the
world.
It is my hope that future journalists will adhere to the true
principles of the profession and understand that they play a vital
role in helping to keep democracy and the exchange of free ideas
alive at home and abroad. – Helen Thomas
I do not think that journalism is a dying art. If anything, I
believe it is more important than ever, and journalists worldwide
are adapting to our modus operandi - to make public officials
accountable to the people. The role of the journalist is
indispensable, and as reviled as reporters may intermittently be,
they are still highly respected when the pursue the truth and
obtain positive results. It is my hope that future journalists will
adhere to the true principles of the profession and understand that
they play a vital role in helping to keep democracy and the
exchange of free ideas alive at home and abroad.
My problem, and our problem — I think this is a view that's
pretty widely shared in the news business — is, you know, we, and I
don't just mean The Times, are too ready to publish the
blandest of quotes, or, sometimes, the idlest of gossip and
innuendo, behind a cover of anonymity. I think it cheapens the
currency of source protection.
I suppose, in the end, we journalists try - or should try - to
be the first impartial witnesses of history. If we have any reason
for our existence, the least must be our ability to report history
as it happens so that no one can say: 'We didn't know - no one told
us.'
Fisk, Robert (2005). The Great War for
Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. Fourth Estate.
p. xxv. ISBN 0007203837.
Secretive power loathes journalists who do their job: who push
back screens, peer behind façades, lift rocks. Opprobrium from on
high is their badge of honour.
Pilger, John (2005).
Tell Me No Lies: Investigative Journalism That Changed the
World. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. xv. ISBN
1560257865.
The duty of journalists is to tell the truth. Journalism means
you go back to the actual facts, you look at the documents, you
discover what the record is, and you report it that way.
If somebody came from Mars to America and went around for
months or years, and then you asked them who has the best jobs,
they would say the journalists, because the journalists get to make
momentary entries into people's lives when they are interesting,
and get out when they cease to be interesting.
I mean to work for 60 Minutes, and be able to go any place in
the world, do any story, have enough time on the air, et cetera,
there is simply no job in journalism like it. At the beginning, it
was a dream. Even now, at the age of 84, I work with people who are
half my age or less, and it is the draw of the story. If there is a
good story going, why not be there?
Controversy? You can't be any kind of reporter worthy of the
name and avoid controversy completely. You can't be a good reporter
and not be fairly regularly involved in some kind of controversy.
And I don't think you can be a great reporter and avoid controversy
very often, because one of the roles a good journalist plays is to
tell the tough truths as well as the easy truths. And the tough
truths will lead you to controversy, and even a search for the
tough truths will cost you something. Please don't make this play
or read as any complaint, it's trying to explain this goes with the
territory if you're a journalist of integrity. That if you start
out a journalist or if you reach a point in journalism where you
say, "Listen, I'm just not going not touch anything that could
possibly be controversial," then you ought to get out.
Journalism may not dare too much. It can be gently humorous and
ironic, very lightly touched by idiosyncrasy, but it must not repel
readers by digging too deeply. This is especially true of its
approach to language: the conventions are not questioned.
Anthony
Burgess, A Mouthful of Air: Language and Languages,
Especially English (1992)
So much for Objective Journalism. Don’t bother to look for it
here—not under any byline of mine; or anyone else I can think of.
With the possible exception of things like box scores, race
results, and stock market tabulations, there is no such thing as
Objective Journalism. The phrase itself is a pompous contradiction
in terms.
Thompson, Hunter S. (April 22,
1985). Fear and Loathing: On the Campaign Trail '72.
p. 48. ISBN 0446313645.
Today's serious nonfiction writer is important to society because
from a solid background of social sciences, combined with the
journalistic skills of a reporter, one moves beyond the reporter
function to the front edge of our emerging society. – Betty Friedan
Today's serious nonfiction writer is important to society
because from a solid background of social sciences, combined with
the journalistic skills of a reporter, one moves beyond the
reporter function to the front edge of our emerging society.
In the First Amendment the Founding Fathers gave the free press
the protection it must have to fulfill its essential role in our
democracy. The press was to serve the governed, not the governors.
The Government's power to censor the press was abolished so that
the press would remain forever free to censure the government. The
press was protected so that it could bare the secrets of government
and inform the public. Only a free and unrestrained press can
effectively expose deception in government.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression;
this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference
and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any
media and regardless of frontiers.
One's right to life, liberty, and property, to free speech, a
free press, freedom of worship and assembly, and other fundamental
rights may not be submitted to vote; they depend on the outcome of
no elections.
The freedom of speech and of the press, which are secured by
the First Amendment against abridgment by the United States, are
among the fundamental personal rights and liberties which are
secured to all persons by the Fourteenth Amendment against
abridgment by a state. The safeguarding of these rights to the ends
that men may speak as they think on matters vital to them and that
falsehoods may be exposed through the processes of education and
discussion is essential to free government. Those who won our
independence had confidence in the power of free and fearless
reasoning and communication of ideas to discover and spread
political and economic truth.
News is what a chap who doesn't care much about anything wants
to read. And it's only news until he's read it. After that it's
dead.
Evelyn Waugh
(1938) Scoop, I, Ch. 5, Sect. 1 — Quote reproduced in
Crystal, David; Hillary
Crystal (2000). Words on Words: Quotations about Language and
Languages. University of Chicago Press. p. 277. ISBN
0226122018.
When journalese was at its rifest the Ministry of Health was
established - possibly a coincidence.
John
Galsworthy (July 1924) On Expression, Presidential
Address to the English Association, p. 12. — Quote reproduced in
Crystal, David; Hillary
Crystal (2000). Words on Words: Quotations about Language and
Languages. University of Chicago Press. pp. Page 276.
ISBN 0226122018.
Editor: a person employed by a newspaper, whose business it is
to separate the wheat from the chaff, and to see that the chaff is
printed.
Elbert
Hubbard (1914) The Roycroft Dictionary of Epigrams —
quoted in Epstein,
Joseph; Shapiro, Fred C.. The Yale Book of Quotations. New
Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. pp. 374. ISBN
0300107986.
Never forget that if you don't hit a newspaper reader between
the eyes with your first sentence, there is no need of writing a
second one.
Arthur Brisbane (c. 1900) quoted in
Carlson, Oliver (1937). Brisbane: A
Candid Biography. pp. Chapter 5.
The Press is at once the eye and the ear and the tongue of the
people. It is the visible speech, if not the voice, of the
democracy. It is the phonograph of the world. – William Thomas Stead
The Press is at once the eye and the ear and the tongue of the
people. It is the visible speech, if not the voice, of the
democracy. It is the phonograph of the world.
William Thomas Stead (May 1886)
"Government by Journalism", Contemporary Review.
Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the
Reporters' Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more important
far than they all. It is not a figure of speech, or a witty saying;
it is a literal fact, - very momentous to us in these times.
Thomas Carlyle
(1859). On Heroes, Hero-worship, and the Heroic in History: Six
Lectures: Reported. Wiley & Halsted. pp. 147, Lect.
V: "The Hero as Man of Letters".
Newspapers always excite curiosity. No one ever lays one down
without a feeling of disappointment.
Charles Lamb
(1833) "On Books and Reading", The Last Essays of Elia —
Quote reproduced in Crystal, David; Hillary
Crystal (2000). Words on Words: Quotations about Language and
Languages. University of Chicago Press. pp. 276. ISBN
0226122018.
The liberty of the press is essential to the security of
freedom in a state: it ought not, therefore, to be restrained in
this commonwealth.
In America the president reigns for four years, and journalism
governs forever and ever.
Oscar Wilde —
quoted in Janis, Lois August (2003). Voyage to
Insight. CMJ Publishers and Distrib.. pp. Page 70. ISBN
1891280406.
Journalism largely consists in saying "Lord Jones Dead" to
people who never knew Lord Jones was alive.
G. K. Chesterton, The Wisdom of
Father Brown Shilling, Lilless
McPherson; Linda K. Fuller (1997). Dictionary of Quotations in
Communications. Greenwood Press. p. 120, Section:
Journalism. ISBN 0313304300.
When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so
often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news.
John B. Bogartto, New York Sun editor. Attributed in
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 16th edition, 1992, p.
554.
I do not care for the big 'ideas' of novelists. Novels are
wonderful, of course, but I prefer newspapers.
Will Cuppy in
Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft (eds.), Twentieth Century
Authors, New York: H.W. Wilson Company, 1942, p.342.
Experience has shown that newspapers are one of the best means
of directing opinion - of quieting feverish movements - of causing
the lies and artificial rumours by which the enemies of the State
may attempt to carry on their evil designs to vanish. In these
public papers, instruction may descend from the Government to the
people, or ascend from the people to the Government; the greater
the freedom allowed, the more correctly may a judgment be formed
upon the course of opinion - with so much the greater certainty
will it act.
Jeremy
Bentham — quoted in Andrews, Alexander (1859).
The History of British Journalism: From the Foundation of the
Newspaper Press in England to the Repeal of the Stamp Act in 1855,
with Sketches of Press Celebrities. R. Bentley.
pp. Volume II, Page 179.
A newspaper reporter is a person who works for a newspaper. Newspaper reporters write news articles and stories for newspapers. Newspaper reporters write these articles and stories by interviewing people, asking questions, and doing research.
Newspaper reporters must tell the truth when they write newspaper articles. Telling the truth is a very important part of all journalism jobs, including newspaper reporting, television news reporting, and radio news reporting. If people who work in journalism do not tell the truth in their articles or stories, they can be punished such as being suspended (do not work for a short time) or fired (losing their jobs).
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