• Over-reliance on using the judo-gi (clothing): judo training for self-defense requires experience sparring against partners not wearing a gi.^ Beside the physical practice of techniques, Judo encompasses moral teachings and fostering the belief that Judo should be used only for defense and for the mutual welfare and benefit of the community.
  • Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  .However, many techniques do not strictly rely on grabbing the gi; indeed, some techniques (especially in groundwork or Ne Waza) do not use the gi at all.
• Over-emphasis on the rules of sports judo: Some judo clubs or instructors teach judo strictly in the context of sport.
• Lack of striking techniques: Striking techniques in judo are usually only taught to dan grades (ie.^ Grass roots knowledge about cutting edge techniques used in international competitions as well as time honored Judo tactics as taught by some of the best teachers available.
  • Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Many judo instructors around the world think that this change ONLY manipulates the techniques one can use in judo, when it fact this SMALL RULE changes EVERYTHING!!!!
  • The Judo Crusader 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.thejudocrusader.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Beside the physical practice of techniques, Judo encompasses moral teachings and fostering the belief that Judo should be used only for defense and for the mutual welfare and benefit of the community.
  • Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  black belts) for demonstrations and kata.

In mixed martial arts

Styles

• Olympic judo: This is the predominant form of Kodokan judo. .
  • Paralympic judo: modified for blind and visually impaired competitors.
• Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: Mitsuyo Maeda introduced judo to Brazil in 1914. Maeda taught judo to Carlos Gracie (1902–1994) and others in Brazil.^ He was a champion in international Jiu-Jitsu, and has trained numerous champion athletes in Grappling, Jiu-Jitsu, Mixed Martial Arts and other disciplines.
  • The Judo Crusader 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.thejudocrusader.com [Source type: General]
  
  .Gracie named their development of judo 'Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu', as in Japan and Brazil at that time, judo was also known as 'Kano Jiu-Jitsu'. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, considering itself independent of judo, did not follow later changes in international judo rules that were added to emphasize the standing phase of the fight, nor those rules that were introduced to ban the more dangerous techniques.
• Judo-do: In Austria, Julius Fleck and others developed a system of throwing intended to extend judo that they called "judo-do".
• Kawaishi-ryū jujutsu: Teaching in France, Mikonosuke Kawaishi developed Kawaishi-ryū jujutsu as an alternative approach to instruction that continued to teach many techniques banned in modern Olympic/Kodokan judo competition.
• Kosen judo (高專柔道^?): As a sub-style of Kodokan judo that became popularised in early 20th century Japanese inter-scholastic competition, Kosen style has the same range of techniques but greater latitude is permitted for ground technique.^ Names of judo techniques .
  • International Judo Federation 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.intjudo.eu [Source type: Original source]
  
  ^ Judo is an international and olympic sport.
  • Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Each Judo union in the world and Japan named 2 to 3 teams for competition in each Kata.
  • Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  This style of judo—arguably, like BJJ—is closer to the original early 1900s judo than current Olympic judo is.
• Russian judo: This distinctive style of judo was influenced by Sambo. .It is represented by well-known coaches such as Alexander Retuinskih and Igor Yakimov, and mixed martial arts fighters such as Igor Zinoviev, Fedor Emelianenko and Karo Parisyan.^ He was a champion in international Jiu-Jitsu, and has trained numerous champion athletes in Grappling, Jiu-Jitsu, Mixed Martial Arts and other disciplines.
  • The Judo Crusader 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.thejudocrusader.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ We do not sell Judo books directly from Baltimore Martial Arts Academy Judo and Mixed Martial Arts Center.
  • Baltimore Judo Club 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ Mixed Martial Arts .
  • Baltimore Judo Club 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  .In turn, Russian judo has influenced mainstream judo, with techniques such as the flying armbar being accepted into Kodokan judo.
• Sambo (especially Sport Sambo): Vasili Oshchepkov was the first European judo black belt under Kano.^ Kodokan Judo includes a brief history and etiquette as well as the throws, pins, armlocks, strangles and counters for these techniques and it contains descriptions of the seven Kata of the Kodokan.
  • Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  • Baltimore Judo Club 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ It’s the system that allowed him to create JT, Ryan Hall, Mike Fowler and turn me into a Judo submission machine.
  • The Judo Crusader 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.thejudocrusader.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^ The Monday and Wednesday Judo classes are taught by Sensei Tomas Drgon , Shodan (1st Degree Black Belt) .
  • Baltimore Judo Club 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
  
  .Oshchepkov went on to create Sambo partly from judo's influence, integrating native Russian wrestling and other combative techniques into his new system.^ It’s the system that allowed him to create JT, Ryan Hall, Mike Fowler and turn me into a Judo submission machine.
  • The Judo Crusader 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.thejudocrusader.com [Source type: General]
  
  Oshchepkov died during the political purges of 1937 for refusing to deny his education and dan-rank in Japanese judo under Kano.^{.January 2008" style="white-space:nowrap;">[citation needed]} In their History of Sambo, Brett Jacques and Scott Anderson wrote that in Russia "judo and SOMBO were considered to be the same thing"—albeit with a different uniform and some differences in the rules.^ Friday, December 18th, 2009 Since the International Judo Federation came up with the new rules which were tested at the 2009 Junior Worlds I’vel seen some amazing things happen with my business and with me on the judo side.
  • The Judo Crusader 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.thejudocrusader.com [Source type: General]
  
  ^[19]

Safety

Chokes

Throws

Organizations

Main article: List of judo organizations

Rank and grading

Theoretically the Judo rank system is not limited to 10 degrees of black belt.^ Sensei: Steve Manzek , Shodan (1st Degree Black Belt) Contact: Steve Manzek at 301-736-5612 Email Contact: Steve Manzek All Classes are Saturdays.

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

^ D., Godan (5th Degree Black Belt) Contact: Gene Shin at 434-296-7404 Email contact: Gene Shin, Ph.

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

^ Sensei: James R. Rivera, Yondan (4th Degree Black Belt) Contact: James Rivera at 703-670-7275 Email contact: Dale City Judo Club Practice Times = Basic Class: Friday 7:00-8:00 pm Intermediate Class: Friday 8:00-9:00 pm Open Judo Workout: Tuesday, Friday 9:00-10:00 pm and Sunday 11:30-1:00 pm .

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

.The original English language copy (1955) of Illustrated Kodokan Judo, by Jigoro Kano, says: "There is no limit...on the grade one can receive.^ The most complete book written about Judo is still Kodokan Judo, written by Jigoro Kano.

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

^ There shall be no rest period between the end of the original contest and the start of the “Golden Score” contest.

• International Judo Federation 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.intjudo.eu [Source type: Original source]

^ (Lakewood, Washington - USA) Maximum Efficiency Mutual Benefit and Welfare -The maxims of Jigoro Kano, Founder of Kodokan Judo.

• Home of 2008 Olympian and 2x Pan American Champion, Travis Stevens - (Tacoma, WA) - powered by LeagueLineup.com 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.leaguelineup.com [Source type: News]

Therefore if one does reach a stage above 10th dan... there is no reason why he should not be promoted to 11th dan." However, since there has never been any promotion to a rank above 10th dan, the Kodokan Judo promotion system effectively has only 10 dans. .There have only been 15 10th dans awarded by the Kodokan in the history of Judo.^ Kodokan Judo includes a brief history and etiquette as well as the throws, pins, armlocks, strangles and counters for these techniques and it contains descriptions of the seven Kata of the Kodokan.

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]
• Baltimore Judo Club 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

^[30]

Although dan ranks tend to be consistent between national organisations there is more variation in the kyū grades, with some countries having more kyū grades. Although initially kyū grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used.

Belt colours

Judo belt colours in Brazil

White
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Green
Purple
Brown
Black
White and Red
Red

Judo belt colours in Europe, Canada, Australia, etc.

White
Yellow
Orange
Green
Blue
Brown
Black
White and Red
Red

In Japan, the use of belt colours is related to the age of the student. Some clubs will only have black and white, others will include a brown belt for advanced kyū grades and at the elementary school level it is common to see a green belt for intermediate levels.

In Australia the belt colours for kyu grades are white, yellow, orange, green, blue and brown.

For dan ranks, the first five are coloured black, 6th, 7th, and 8th dan have alternating red and white panels (dandara), and for 9th and 10th dan the belts are solid red.^[31] .However, holders of grades above godan (5th dan) will often wear a plain black belt in regular training.^ D., Godan (5th Degree Black Belt) Contact: Gene Shin at 434-296-7404 Email contact: Gene Shin, Ph.

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

Some countries also use colored tips on belts, to indicate junior age groups. Historically, women's belts had a white stripe along the centre.^{[citation needed]}

Examination requirements vary depending on country, age group and of course the grade being attempted. The examination itself may include competition and kata. .The kyū ranks are normally awarded by local instructors (sensei), but dan ranks are usually awarded only after an exam supervised by independent judges from a national judo association.^ National Collegiate Judo Association Eastern Collegiate Judo Association International .

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

^ Local, Regional and National Judo Events .

• Maryland Judo Inc. 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC users.erols.com [Source type: General]

For a rank to be recognized, it must be registered with the national judo organization or the Kodokan.

Brazil

Brazilian belt rankings are normally white, blue, yellow, orange, green, purple, brown and black (6th, 7th, and 8th dan may wear alternating red and white panels, and 9th and 10th dan holders may wear solid red belts).^[32] Additionally, a grey belt may be given to very young judoka (under 11 or 13 years old) just before the blue. .Sometimes, competitors are organised into two categories depending on grading; the first is from white to orange, and the second is green through black.^ (The first Contestant called shall wear the blue Judogi; the second shall wear the white.

• International Judo Federation 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.intjudo.eu [Source type: Original source]

^ Blue for the first contestant and white or off-white for the second contestant.

• International Judo Federation 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.intjudo.eu [Source type: Original source]

Canada

In Canada belt rankings for Seniors are, in ascending order: white, yellow, orange, green, blue, brown and finally black. Belt rankings for Juniors use white-red, white, white-yellow, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, red- green, green-blue, blue, blue-brown, and brown.^[28]

United States

.In the US only senior players (adults, usually those age 16 and over) are allowed to earn dan levels, signified by wearing a black belt.^ In its twenty-sixth year, the Open is a USA Judo Senior C-Level point tournament for U.S. players and a B-Level tournament for international players.

• Home of 2008 Olympian and 2x Pan American Champion, Travis Stevens - (Tacoma, WA) - powered by LeagueLineup.com 15 January 2010 15:015 UTC www.leaguelineup.com [Source type: News]

The USJF and USJA recognise dan grades awarded by the other organization. Advanced kyū levels can be earned by both seniors and juniors (children under the age of about 16) and are signified by wearing belts of various colours other than black. The order of belt colours can vary from dojo to dojo, depending on the dojo's organizational affiliation.

Judo kyū belt colors in the United States

Japanese kyū names	USJF Senior	USJF Junior	USJA Senior	USJA Junior	USJA Junior level names
Jūnikyū				White	Junior 12th Class
Jūichikyū		White		Yellow	Junior 11th Class
Jūkyū		White- yellow		Orange	Junior 10th Class
Kūkyū		Yellow		Orange	Junior 9th Class
Hachikyū		Yellow- orange		Green	Junior 8th Class
Nanakyū or USJA Senior "Beginner"		Orange	White	Green	Junior 7th Class
Rokkyū	White	Orange- green	Yellow	Blue	Junior 6th Class
Gokyū	Green	Green	Orange	Blue	Junior 5th Class
Yonkyū	Blue	Green- blue	Green	Purple	Junior 4th Class
Sankyū	Brown	Blue	Brown	Purple	Junior 3rd Class
Nikyū	Brown	Blue- purple	Brown	Brown	Junior 2nd Class
Ikkyū	Brown	Purple	Brown	Brown	Junior 1st Class

Seniors

For senior players, both the United States Judo Federation (USJF)^[32] and ) the United States Judo Association (USJA)^[33] specify six kyū, as listed in the table. The USJA requires "Beginners" (not a kyū) to wear a white belt until they test for yellow belt. The USJA also recommends wearing a patch specifying the practitioner's level. This is true for both kyū and dan levels.

Juniors

The USJF Juniors ranking system specifies ranks to 11th kyū (jūichikyū). The USJA Juniors ranking system specifies twelve levels of kyū rank, beginning with "Junior 1st Degree" (equivalent to jūnikyū, or 12th kyū) and ending with "Junior 12th Degree" (equivalent to ikkyū). As with the senior practitioners, the USJA recommends that juniors wear a patch specifying their rank. When a USJA Junior reaches the age of 17, their conversion to Senior rank is:^[34]

• Yellow belt converts to 6th kyu (rokyu)
• Orange belt converts to 5th kyu (gokyu)
• Green belt converts to 4th kyu (yonkyu)
• Blue belt or higher converts to 3rd kyu (sankyu)

The style of belt commonly worn in modern judo

See also

• Judo techniques, full list of judo techniques
• The Canon Of Judo, a book by Kyuzo Mifune (1960)
• The Principle of Ju
• World Judo Championships
• Judo at the Summer Olympics
• List of judoka
• List of celebrity judoka
• List of Olympic medalists in judo
• Paralympic judo
• U.S. intercollegiate judo champions

Martial arts by focus Martial arts are listed by area of primary focus. Note that they may include training in the other areas. Striking Bājíquán · Boxing · Capoeira · Dambe · Fistfight · Fujian White Crane · Karate · Kenpō · Kickboxing · Lethwei · Muay Thai · Northern Praying Mantis · Pradal Serey · Sanshou · Savate · Silat · Subak · Taekwondo · Tang Soo Do · Wing Chun Grappling Aikido · Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu · Glima · Hapki yusul · Judo · Jujutsu · Kinomichi · Malla-yuddha · Varzesh-e Pahlavani · Pehlwani · Sambo · Shuai Jiao · Ssireum · Sumo · Systema · Wrestling Weaponry Arnis · Bataireacht · Battōjutsu · Egyptian stick fencing · Eskrima · Fencing · Gatka · Gungdo · Haidong Gumdo · Iaidō · Iaijutsu · Jōdō · Kendo · Kenjutsu · Kyūdō · Kyūjutsu · Shurikenjutsu · Silambam · Sōjutsu Mixed, hybrid, and multi-discipline Baguazhang · Bando · Bartitsu · Hapkido · Hung Ga · Hwa Rang Do · Jeet Kune Do · Kuk Sool Won · Kalarippayattu · Krav Maga · Kajukenbo · MCMAP · Nhat Nam · Ninjutsu · Oom Yung Doe · Pankration · Pencak Silat · Shaolin Kung Fu · Shippalgi · Shootfighting · Taekkyeon · Tai chi chuan · Toso Kune Do · Vajra Mushti · Vovinam · Wushu · Xingyiquan For a full list of articles see the List of martial arts

Footnotes

1. ^ Introduction of men's judo to the Olympics.
2. ^ Introduction of women's judo to the Olympics.
3. ^ The first Olympic competition to award medals to women judoka was in 1992; in 1988, women competed as a demonstration sport.
4. ^ "Jujitsu fell into disuse with the abolition of the feudal system (1860–1865) and became almost extinct" – 2000 YEARS: Jujitsu and Kodokan Judo by Dennis Helm
5. ^ Prior to Kano's use of the term, there was Jikishin-ryū Judo, which is an old school dating from 1724, rarely seen outside of Japan.
6. ^ For example, Tsunejiro Tomita himself co-authored a book called Judo: The Modern School of Jiu-Jitsu in around 1906 (by Gregory, O.H. and Tomita, Tsunejiro. Published in Chicago by O.H. Gregory.)
7. ^ ^{a b} "Introduction of the Blue Judogi". International Judo Federation. http://www.judoontario.ca/events/articles/bluejudogi.htm. 
8. ^ Shiai rules
9. ^ Legal ways that contestants may commence ground fighting are as a result of a throw; or of a 'skillful' takedown; or if one contestant is dragged to the ground; or if a contestant otherwise loses balance and falls to the ground. (Of course, if an Ippon is scored from the throw, the match is immediately terminated.)
10. ^ Miller, Chris. Grappling/Submission Fighting. hsma1.com. URL last accessed on March 4, 2006.
11. ^ The Challenges of Shimewaza by Elie A. Morrell, Shichidan (judoinfo.com)
12. ^ The Contribution of Judo to Education by Kano Jigoro (judoinfo.com)
13. ^ [1] Judo as a Martial Art
14. ^ [2] Arresting techniques.
15. ^ [3] Women's self defense
16. ^ [4] Why Sports Judo is Effective
17. ^ [5] Bullshido forum thread - contains some useful posts by vetted instructors and military personnel
18. ^ "entrevista a paulo filho (interview with Paulo Filho)" (in Portuguese). youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Jdx0WEckkM. 
19. ^ "The History of Sombo – European Judo is really Japanese Sambo?" by Brett Jacques and Scott Anderson [6] [7] [8]
20. ^ Sports Medicine Issues in the Young Judo Athlete – by Robert S. Nishime, M.D., USA Judo Sports Medicine Subcommittee (usjudo.org)
21. ^ Judo Research Abstracts – on performance, safety, etc (from the Judo Information Site)
22. ^ ^{a b} Principles of Judo Choking Techniques – by Neil Ohlenkamp (judoinfo.com)
23. ^ Judo Choking Techniques (judoinfo.com)
24. ^ How Safe is Choking in Judo? by E. K. Koiwai, M.D. (judoinfo.com)
25. ^ The Safety of Judo Chokes by Leonard I. Lapinsohm M.D. (judoinfo.com)
26. ^ Deaths Allegedly Caused by the Use of "Choke Holds" (Shime-Waza) by E. K. Koiwai, M.D. (judoinfo.com)
27. ^ Emergency Care for Choke Holds by John Boulay (judoinfo.com)
28. ^ ^{a b} Canadian National Kyu Grading Syllabus
29. ^ Canadian National (Dan) Grading Syllabus
30. ^ Ohlenkamp, Neil. "The Judo Rank System". http://www.judoinfo.com/obi.htm. 
31. ^ "柔道帯の最高位は、何と紅!? “紅帯”所持者に投げられてきた!" (in Japanese). R25.jp. 2008-05-15. http://r25.jp/magazine/ranking_review/10002000/1112008051512.html. Retrieved 2008-11-11. 
32. ^ ^{a b} "FJERJ (Judo Federation of Rio de Janeiro) - Judo Graduation". http://www.judorio.org.br/graduacao_do_judo.html. 
33. ^ "United States Judo Association Rank Requirements". http://www.usja-judo.org/Docs2004/National%20Judo%20Rank%20System.pdf. 
34. ^ "United States Judo Association Senior Handbook". http://www.usja-judo.org/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=USC&Product_Code=RM1. 

Sources

• History of the Kodokan – University of Montana judo website.
• Kano, Jigoro (1994) Kodokan Judo is the standard reference on judo. ISBN 4-7700-1799-5.
• Ohlenkamp, Neil (2006) Judo Unleashed another basic reference on judo. ISBN 0-0714-7534-6.

External links

• Judo at the Open Directory Project
• IJF International Judo Federation. The worldwide governing body for judo
• Kodokan Judo Institute – Headquarters of judo (Kano Jigoro's school)
• United States Judo Association (USJA) – Includes majority of U.S. Judo Clubs (approx. 1000 clubs)
• Australian Kodokan Judo Association (AKJA)
• H2G2 article about judo on the BBC website

Categories: Combat sports | Gendai budo | Individual sports | Judo | Olympic sports | Japanese martial arts | Sport in Japan | Grappling

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