From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Korean War |
Part of the Cold War |
.^ "The surprise of the Korean battles were not the Chinese but the Turks.- Turkish Brigade 22 September 2009 22:19 UTC www.korean-war.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Chinese soldiers welcomed home, October 1954 .- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The rest of the fighting was close to the starting point, the 38th parallel.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
Lt. Baldomero Lopez, USMC, over the top of the Incheon seawall. |
Date |
25 June 1950—present
Ceasefire signed 27 July 1953 |
Location |
Korean Peninsula |
Status |
|
Territorial
changes |
DMZ; both gained little border territory at the 38th parallel. |
|
Belligerents |
United Nations (UN Resolution 84):
Republic of Korea
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Colombia
Ethiopia
France
Greece
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Philippines
South Africa
Thailand
Turkey
Iran |
North Korea and Allies:
|
Commanders |
Syngman Rhee
|
Kim Il-sung
|
Strength |
590,911
 480,000
 63,000 [1]
 26,791 [2]
 17,000
 7,430 [3]
 5,455 [4]
 3,972
 3,421 [5]
 2,163 [6]
 1,389
 1,294
 1,271
 1,068
 900
 826
 44
Total: 1,207,010
|
260,000
 926,000
 26,000
Total: 1,212,000
Note: The figures vary by source; peak unit-strength varied during war.
|
Casualties and losses |
South Korea
137,899 KIA[7]
450,742 WIA[8]
32,838 MIA/POW[9]
United States
36,516 dead (2,830 non-combat)
92,134 wounded
8,176 MIA
7,245 POW[10]
United Kingdom
1,109 dead[11]
2,674 wounded
1,060 MIA or POW[12]
Turkey
721 dead[13]
2,111 wounded
168 MIA
216 POW
Canada
516 dead[14]
1,042 wounded
Australia
339 dead[15]
1,200 wounded
France
300 KIA or MIA[16]
Greece
194 KIA[17]
459 wounded
Netherlands
123 KIA[18]
Philippines
112 KIA[3]
Belgium
106 KIA[19]
New Zealand
33 KIA[20]
South Africa
28 KIA and 8 MIA[21]
Luxembourg
2 KIA[22]
Total: 778,053 |
North Korea:
215,000 dead,
303,000 wounded,
120,000 MIA or POW[12]
China
(Official data):
114,000 killed in combat
34,000 non-combat deaths
380,000 wounded
21,400 POW[23]
(U.S. estimate):[12]
400,000+ dead
486,000 wounded
21,000 POW
Soviet Union:
282 dead[24]
Total: 1,187,682-1,545,822 |
.^ The total casualties (killed, wounded, imprisoned and missing) of the armed forces and the civilian population were 9,50,000.
^ More than a million South Koreans were killed, 85% of them civilians.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Korean War - China-related Topics KM-KP - China-Related Topics 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.famouschinese.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- History: Korean War - City of Albuquerque 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.cabq.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ According to United Nations figures, the United Kingdom casualty figures: 686 Killed, 2,498 Wounded, 1,102 Missing/Prisoner of War - Total: 4,286 .
)[25]
.^ The principal combatants were North and South Korea.- Korean War - China-related Topics KM-KP - China-Related Topics 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.famouschinese.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When the United States sent troops to stop Communist North Korea's invasion of South Korea in June 1950, it signaled the nation's determination to check the spread of communism.- VFW Magazine article archives from August, 2003 | AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.accessmylibrary.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ According to figures published in the Soviet Union, 11.1% of the total population of North Korea perished, which indicates that 1,130,000 people were killed.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Korean War - China-related Topics KM-KP - China-Related Topics 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.famouschinese.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- History: Korean War - City of Albuquerque 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.cabq.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
)[30] |
|
Korean War
|
|
North Korea Offensive
Ongjin · Kaesong-Munsan · Gorangpo · Dongducheon · Pocheon · Chuncheon · Gangneung · Gimpo · Okgye · Korea Strait · Uijeongbu · Naechon-Taereung · Changdong · Bongilcheon · Miari · Haengju · Hongcheon · Han River · Oryudong · Sinsadong-Gwacheon · Uljin-Pyeonghae · Siheung-Anyang-Suwon · Jumunjin
|
|
|
.^ In the north, the Soviet Union proclaimed a Communist dictatorship called the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).
^ The Cold War -era conflict was a proxy war between the United States and its allies and the Communist powers of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Soviet Union .- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This was also a proxy war of a kind between the United States and the Soviet Union.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC history.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
The war began on 25 June 1950 and an
armistice was signed on 27 July 1953.
.^ Korea was occupied by the Japanese Empire in 1905 and brutally exploited to aid the Japanese war effort, causing deep divisions between the collaborators and the resisters.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ President Eisenhower, who had suggested during his 1952 campaign that he could end the war in Korea, defied the wishes of Dulles and moved to an agreement with the Communists.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As of this writing, a "State of War" officially exists between North Korea [its ally China] and South Korea [its ally United States of America].- California Military History: The 40th Infantry Division's March to the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.militarymuseum.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ American and ROK troops reached the 38th parallel in early October.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Americans would take the Japanese surrender in the southern sector, Soviet troops in the north.- Historical Publications (The Korean War: The SIGINT Background) - NSA/CSS 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.nsa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Douglas MacArthur flew in United States troops from Japan to aid the South Koreans.
[31] .^ In 1948 two different governments were inaugurated on the Korean Peninsula, fixing the South-North division of Korea.
^ Map of Korea w/ 38th parallel.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Border crossing at the 38th Parallel .- History: Korean War - City of Albuquerque 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.cabq.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Some post-war research has only able to confirm 379 victories, although the USAF continues to maintain its official credits.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Report of The United Nations Commission on Korea, 1950 - A United Nations report analyzing events preceding the Korean War and the first months of the conflict.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ Although not well publicized, the United States continued to leaflet North Korea all through the Cold War.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Border crossing at the 38th Parallel .- History: Korean War - City of Albuquerque 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.cabq.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Crossing 38th parallel marker.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On Korea's western coast, EUSA crossed the 38th parallel dividing North and South Korea and captured the North Korean capital of Pyongyang on 19 October 1950.- History: Korean War - City of Albuquerque 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.cabq.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
^ Northern Korean armed forces crossed the 38th parallel on June 25, 1950.- The Korean War [ushistory.org] 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.ushistory.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Korea Our War 1950-1953 .
[33]
.^ The United States, with other United Nations, came to the aid of South Korea.
^ Douglas MacArthur flew in United States troops from Japan to aid the South Koreans.
^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
.^ The North Koreans quickly crushed South Korean defenses at the 38th parallel.
^ North Koreans launch general offensive.
^ The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was born south of the 38th parallel and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) north of it.
[32] .^ The Cold War -era conflict was a proxy war between the United States and its allies and the Communist powers of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Soviet Union .- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Before entry into the war, the Chinese Communists had been working with millions of middle class merchants and managers to rebuild the war-torn domestic economy.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ China's conflict with the Soviets notwithstanding, she actively supported North Vietnam and clearly intended to militarily counter any invasion of the North that would threaten communist control over the country.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ After World War II , Korea was divided into two occupation zones along the 38th parallel (akin to the division of Germany).- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This was also a proxy war of a kind between the United States and the Soviet Union.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ The demilitarized zone remains the most heavily-defended border in the world.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ "The armistice remains in force and is binding on all signatories, including North Korea," it said immediately after the renunciation, referring to the document's termination provisions.- Korean War II - WSJ.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ When the United States sent troops to stop Communist North Korea's invasion of South Korea in June 1950, it signaled the nation's determination to check the spread of communism.- VFW Magazine article archives from August, 2003 | AccessMyLibrary - Promoting library advocacy 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.accessmylibrary.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Korea has threatened nuclear war several times in recent days and this month sent one of its patrol boats into South Korean waters.- Korean War II - WSJ.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
.^ North and South Korea remained technically at war.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ No peace treaty was signed between North and South Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Meeting between North & South Koreans.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Artillery sequence w/ attack sequence Korean War; Military History; Propaganda; .- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ WORLD WAR II had thus started.- African American Freedom Fighters: Soldiers for Liberty 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.liu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Examines the Korean War on levels ranging from movements of the infantry through the dialogue between top officials including General MacArthur and President Truman.- WDVA Wisconsin Veterans Museum Korean War Bibliography Page 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC museum.dva.state.wi.us [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The last British troops deployed for the Korean emergency departed Korea in December 1953, however, there were peacekeeping troops in Korea until December 1957.
^ Truce talks began in July 1951, but the fighting continued until July 1953, when the negotiations at last bore fruit and the conflict ended in a cease-fire agreement.
^ The truce talks remained stalemated and hostilities continued until an armistice was finally concluded on 27 July 1953.
Background
Etymology
.^ Korea was officially a police action not a war in US parlance.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ He called it a "police action" and legally it was not a war.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Combat Actions in Korea - A history of US Army's tactical operations during the Korean War.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
.^ Black Americans in defense of our nation / United States.- African American Freedom Fighters: Soldiers for Liberty 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.liu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ State-Level Casualty Lists - Korean Conflict - A list of American casualities in the Korean War organized by states.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ At the end of World War II, the United States had the greatest armed force the world had ever seen.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[34][35]
In South Korea the war is usually referred to as the 6–2–5 War (yuk-i-o jeonjaeng), reflecting the date of its commencement on June 25.
.^ "The armistice remains in force and is binding on all signatories, including North Korea," it said immediately after the renunciation, referring to the document's termination provisions.- Korean War II - WSJ.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ North Korea has threatened nuclear war several times in recent days and this month sent one of its patrol boats into South Korean waters.- Korean War II - WSJ.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ In initial stages of the war, North Korea troops overwhelmed South Korean and American forces and drove them to a small area in the far South around the city of Pusan.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
.^ North Korea, after all, has resumed the Korean War.- Korean War II - WSJ.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ In Mortal Combat: Korea, 1950-1953 (1991) Varhola, Michael J. Fire and Ice: The Korean War, 1950-1953 (2000) Watson, Brent Byron.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
.^ An Analysis of the Effects of the Korean War on the Social Structures of the Republic of Korea.” California Sociologist 15 (1992): 21-42.- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ After the end of the Korean War in 1953, the citizens of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea had no access to information from the West.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The country was divided at the 38th parallel and in 1948 the Soviet Union set up a People's Democratic Republic in North Korea.
[36][37] .^ During the Korean War, tanks were used in limited operations however.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Korea, after all, has resumed the Korean War.- Korean War II - WSJ.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC online.wsj.com [Source type: News]
^ It was targeted at "General population of North Korea."- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Follow the Korean War from invasion to armistice with this incredible learning tool.- The Korean War [ushistory.org] 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.ushistory.org [Source type: Academic]
^ Even before the North Korean military invasion last June, nine of the men in the village were Communists.
^ FindLaw: Korean War Armistice Agreement: July 27, 1953 .- FindLaw: Korean War Armistice Agreement: July 27, 1953 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC news.findlaw.com [Source type: Original source]
[38]
Japanese rule (1910–1945)
.^ Dick Chun was sent to ASAPAC, first in Japan, then on to the Korean Peninsula.- Historical Publications (The Korean War: The SIGINT Background) - NSA/CSS 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.nsa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The First Korean War has not actually ended.- Starting the Second Korean War? - Reason Magazine 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC reason.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Korean War was, first and foremost, a Korean civil war.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
[39] A decade later, on defeating
Imperial Russia in the
Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Japan made Korea its
protectorate, with the
Eulsa Treaty in 1905, then annexed it with the
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty in 1910.
[40][41]
.^ Ruling the south was a right-wing government headed by Syngman Rhee , who had been converted to Christianity during his exile, and then earned a PhD in theology from Princeton.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The North claimed ROK (= South Korean ) troops under the "bandit traitor" Syngman Rhee had crossed the border first.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Returnees disembark, greeted by VIPs of Nationalist Chinese government in exile.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
^ Lee Tae, a leftist reporter living in South Korea at the outbreak of hostilities, joins a partisan army and participates in guerilla warfare against U.N. and South Korean troops.- South Korean Films About the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.koreanfilm.org [Source type: General]
^ Japanese atrocities committed against the Korean people: shootings, mass graves and burning villages.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:23[42]
.^ See also: Korea under Japanese rule , Division of Korea Japanese occupation .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Another obstacle is North Korea's human rights record, which is generally considered to be one of the worst in the world with the country said to hold 150,000 people in political prison camps.- PhillyBurbs.com: NKorea proposes treaty to formally end Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.phillyburbs.com [Source type: News]
^ Korea was occupied by the Japanese Empire in 1905 and brutally exploited to aid the Japanese war effort, causing deep divisions between the collaborators and the resisters.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Written with the intent of showing U.S. Army veterans of the Korean War how the part they played related to larger plans and operations of United Nations forces.- WDVA Wisconsin Veterans Museum Korean War Bibliography Page 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC museum.dva.state.wi.us [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These forces were to fight the ill-equipped South Korean army of less than 100,000 men--an army lacking in tanks, heavy artillery, and combat airplanes, plus a coast guard of 4,000 men and a police force of 45,000 men.
^ He went on to finish a 20-year career in the Air Force, including being activated during the Korean War, and serving on an island off the coast of Vietnam.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Text at the left is in Korean Text and at the right is in English: .- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If you think communist countries, like North Korea and the People's Republic of China, espouse freedom of speech and human rights the way they do in democratic countries, you're in for a big surprise.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Written with the intent of showing U.S. Army veterans of the Korean War how the part they played related to larger plans and operations of United Nations forces.- WDVA Wisconsin Veterans Museum Korean War Bibliography Page 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC museum.dva.state.wi.us [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ On December 10, 1941, the Japanese attacked the island and the Marines fought until overwhelmed and were ordered to surrender.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ North Korea and Kim il Sung were big losers.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kim Il Sung speaking.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They provide the latest information concerning the relationship between Chairman Mao, Premier Kim Il Sung, and Chairman Joseph Stalin at the outbreak of the conflict.- Geometry.Net - Basic K Books: Korean War American History 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.geometry.net [Source type: General]
.^ At the end of World War II the Japanese had occupied Korea for forty years.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ WORLD WAR II had thus started.- African American Freedom Fighters: Soldiers for Liberty 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.liu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He was replaced by Lieutenant General Matthew Ridgway , who had led airborne troops in World War II. Ridgway took immediate steps to raise the morale and fighting spirit of the battered Eighth Army, which had fallen to low levels during its retreat from North Korea.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Non-korean UN forces makeup: 300,000 from the US ; 14,000 from the UK , 6,000 from Canada , 5,000 from Turkey , 2,000 from Australia , and many UN nations with 1,000 to 1,500.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ South Korea's ground forces included a 45,000-member national police force and an army of 98,000.
^ The Communist Chinese and North Korean Forces lost over 75,000 soldiers or eight divisions during the offensive.- California Military History: The 40th Infantry Division's March to the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.militarymuseum.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In initial stages of the war, North Korea troops overwhelmed South Korean and American forces and drove them to a small area in the far South around the city of Pusan.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ These forces were to fight the ill-equipped South Korean army of less than 100,000 men--an army lacking in tanks, heavy artillery, and combat airplanes, plus a coast guard of 4,000 men and a police force of 45,000 men.
^ Korea was occupied by the Japanese Empire in 1905 and brutally exploited to aid the Japanese war effort, causing deep divisions between the collaborators and the resisters.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ However, after the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan, they soon surrendered on 15 August 1945.- California Military History: The 40th Infantry Division's March to the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.militarymuseum.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On hearing of the invasion Truman agreed with his advisors, unilaterally, to use US airstrikes against the North Korean forces and also ordered the Seventh Fleet to protect Formosa.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ Non-korean UN forces makeup: 300,000 from the US ; 14,000 from the UK , 6,000 from Canada , 5,000 from Turkey , 2,000 from Australia , and many UN nations with 1,000 to 1,500.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
[42] .^ At the end of World War II the Japanese had occupied Korea for forty years.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ To American leaders, Japan has transformed from World War II enemy to vital ally, and Korea went from a peripheral region to a key battle ground in the cold war.- Korean War and Japan's Recovery 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.state.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The North was founded in 1948 three years after the end of World War II, and the 1950-53 Korean War concluded with an armistice, not a peace treaty.- PhillyBurbs.com: US envoy urges NKorea to follow China, Russia 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.phillyburbs.com [Source type: News]
.^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A joint team operating near the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea recovered the remains believed to be those of a U.S. Army soldier from the 7th Infantry Division who fought against Chinese forces November-December 1950.- Korea-Cold War Newsletter #05 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.koreacoldwar.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The US gained a United Nations mandate for action because the Soviets were boycotting the Security Council while Chiang Kai-shek's representative held the Chinese seat.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
[43] .^ Once he landed, Lieutenant No found that his mother had escaped to the South two years earlier, and they were soon reunited.
^ Korea, he decided, provided "the most favorable terrain, the closest communication to China, the most convenient material and manpower backup...and the most convenient way for us to get Soviet support."- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He was first taken to Japan, then to China for two years of brutal imprisonment and slave labor.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Winston Churchill once again assumed the office as Prime Minister.
^ Responding to the first news of China's massive entry into the Korean War, President Truman at a press conference stated that the United States would take "whatever steps are necessary to meet the military situation."- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Japan remained firmly in control until the end of World War II. Near the end of the war, the April 1945 Yalta Conference agreed to establish a four-power trusteeship for Korea.
.^ The North Koreans quickly crushed South Korean defenses at the 38th parallel.
^ North Koreans in army truck.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Korean War Agreement; 1953; .- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[42][44] Some three weeks later, on 8 September 1945, Lt. Gen.
.^ As their troops moved into Korea, which the Japanese had annexed in 1910 and harshly occupied, the U.S. contacted Moscow and asked them to accept surrender of the enemy troops above the 38th parallel, while the U.S. would do so south of that line.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And in early June, reflecting an increased concern over Korea, the Acheson State Department sent its Republican operative, John Foster Dulles, to South Korea, Dulles visiting the 38th parallel on June 17, where he spoke of America's determination to stand by South Korea.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Northern government claimed that South Korean troops under the "bandit traitor" Syngman Rhee had crossed the 38th parallel, and thus the South had started the war.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[45]
Korea divided (1945)
.^ The US gained a United Nations mandate for action because the Soviets were boycotting the Security Council while Chiang Kai-shek's representative held the Chinese seat.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A formal agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of Korea was signed on 6 November 1959 and the administration of the Cemetery by the United Nations was assumed on 31 March 1960.
[39][39][39]:24[45]:24–25[46]:25[47] .^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Fearing that the wider war with China that would be necessary to reunify Korea would cost too many American lives and raise the risk of nuclear war with the Soviet Union, the United States abandoned the idea of forcibly reuniting the two Koreas.
^ In August 1945, Soviet forces were fighting the Japanese military on the China-Korea border, and it appeared that the Red Army might occupy all of Korea.- Historical Publications (The Korean War: The SIGINT Background) - NSA/CSS 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.nsa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[48]
.^ The PRC army forced the UN and ROK forces back to the 38th parallel.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Written with the intent of showing U.S. Army veterans of the Korean War how the part they played related to larger plans and operations of United Nations forces.- WDVA Wisconsin Veterans Museum Korean War Bibliography Page 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC museum.dva.state.wi.us [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:25[39]:24
.^ The Japanese surrendered on August 14, 1945, five days later.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On August 15, 1945, the surrender of Japan was announced over the camp’s speakers.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The US and Korean agreement calls for 10 joint recovery operations.- 2nd Infantry Division (2id), Korean War Veterans Alliance HQ 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC 2id.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ A cease fire established a demilitarized zone (DMZ) around the 38th parallel which is still today defended by North Korean on one side and South Korean and American troops on the other.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ambassador Muccio reports to US State Department that North Korea has crossed the 38th Parallel, SEOUL, June 25, 1950 .- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
[45][49][50][51] .^ Above the 38th parallel, the Chinese and North Korean forces once again regrouped.
^ The North Koreans quickly crushed South Korean defenses at the 38th parallel.
^ On hearing of the invasion Truman agreed with his advisors, unilaterally, to use US airstrikes against the North Korean forces and also ordered the Seventh Fleet to protect Formosa.- Korean War History Guide .. The History Beat 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.searchbeat.com [Source type: Reference]
we felt it important to include the capital of
.^ And Soviet troops were stealing what they could from the Koreans.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Japanese forces north of that line would surrender to the Soviet Union, and those to the south to the United States.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Soviet troops entered Korea on August 12.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:25
.^ South Korea's army was simply overwhelmed.
^ Korea 1951-1953[ United States Army in the Korean War] .- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ The United States, with other United Nations, came to the aid of South Korea.
[52]:63 .^ Japanese and Korean officials with Buddhist priest.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On 9 September, the communist North Korean government officially declared its independence from the democratic South Korean government.- California Military History: The 40th Infantry Division's March to the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.militarymuseum.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Walking w/ US & Korean Army officials.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Korean War was, first and foremost, a Korean civil war.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ To deepen understanding of the Korean situation, to assess the forces at work toward war, requires considering these forces at all three levels.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ What would we have done without the letters exchanged between loved ones during war time: the Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, for example?
[40] .^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As their troops moved into Korea, which the Japanese had annexed in 1910 and harshly occupied, the U.S. contacted Moscow and asked them to accept surrender of the enemy troops above the 38th parallel, while the U.S. would do so south of that line.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As American troops established a presence in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, the Soviets began cutting roads and communications at the 38th parallel .- The Korean War [ushistory.org] 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.ushistory.org [Source type: Academic]
Hodge trusted the accuracy of the
Japanese Army report.
[45]
.^ In December 1945, the US and the Soviet Union agreed to administer the country temporarily.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Report of The United Nations Commission on Korea, 1950, Covering the Period from December 15, 1949 to September 4, 1950 .- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
.^ Becoming an independent country due to the Treaty of San Francisco also saved Japan from the burden of expense of the occupation forces.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Allies stated Korea would be a unified, independent country under an elected government, but failed to specify details.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Unfortunately for the Korean people, foreigners once again would bring war, misery, and suffering to their country on an unprecedented scale.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:25–26[53] The incensed Korean populace revolted; in the South, some protested, some rose in arms;
[40] to contain them, the USAMGIK banned
strikes (8 December 1945) and outlawed the PRK Revolutionary Government and the PRK People's Committees on 12 December 1945.
.^ The ROK generals were mediocre political appointees; the ROKA lost half its combat effectiveness quickly.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In Korea, on 5 September 1950, the North Koreans had the outnumbered American and South Korean forces surrounded at Pusan and trying a breakthrough at Kyongju.- California Military History: The 40th Infantry Division's March to the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.militarymuseum.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The principle of civil control is so ingrained in the military that never, never has such an act been possible in this country, although it has happened throughout the world.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ They had created a regional Five-Province Administrative Bureau in October 1945, which was reorganized into the North Korean Provisional People's Committee in February 1946 and shed the "Provisional" component of its name twelve months later.
^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
^ The South Korean military and police quickly launched a counteraction, capturing one of the commandos, Kim Shin-jo, and killing the other 28.
.^ Japanese and Korean officials with Buddhist priest.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ More than a million South Koreans were killed, 85% of them civilians.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These forces were to fight the ill-equipped South Korean army of less than 100,000 men--an army lacking in tanks, heavy artillery, and combat airplanes, plus a coast guard of 4,000 men and a police force of 45,000 men.
[46] .^ The division of Korea was set at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, when Joseph Stalin for the Soviet Union and Harry S. Truman for the U.S. agreed to divide the Japanese-controlled Korean peninsula at the 38th parallel.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Korea was occupied by the Japanese Empire in 1905 and brutally exploited to aid the Japanese war effort, causing deep divisions between the collaborators and the resisters.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This discredits one theory from the 1960s and 1970s that the war was just as much caused by South Korea and Western provocation.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[citation needed]
The
right-wing Representative Democratic Council, led by nationalist
Syngman Rhee, opposed the Soviet–American trusteeship of Korea, arguing that after thirty-five years (1910–45) of Japanese
colonial rule—
foreign rule—most Koreans opposed another foreign rule, i.e. US and Soviet.
.^ United Nations Commission w/ Koreans, Soviets & US. Elections in South Korea under UN supervision.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A formal agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of Korea was signed on 6 November 1959 and the administration of the Cemetery by the United Nations was assumed on 31 March 1960.
^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
[39]:26[54][55][56]
.^ Syngman Rhee became the republic's first president.
^ In December, 1948, the U.N. General Assembly recognized the government in the south -- the Republic of Korea -- as the only lawfully constituted government in Korea.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Korea and Kim il Sung were big losers.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[38] .^ So, when Japan gave it up, the communists were the dominant political party in northern Korea, and the southern part was more democratic.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Against the much more heavily armed Americans, they adapted a technique they had used against the Nationalists in the Chinese civil war of 1946–49.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They threw about four barrages at us, there was nothing left on this hill.- First War Dog Unit - Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.uswardogs.org [Source type: General]
^ When the Soviet Union entered the war against Japan, they sent troops into Japanese-occupied Korea.- The Korean War [ushistory.org] 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.ushistory.org [Source type: Academic]
[38]
.^ North Korea and Kim il Sung were big losers.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kim Il Sung speaking.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ South Korean President Syngman Rhee and North Korean General Secretary Kim Il-sung were both intent on reuniting the peninsula under their own system.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:27 .^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ US, South Korean officials: North Korea still a threat .- North Korea proposes treaty to formally end Korean War | Home >> Other Sections >> Breaking News 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.philstar.com [Source type: News]
^ North Korea quiet on seized South Korean fishermen .- North Korea proposes treaty to formally end Korean War | Home >> Other Sections >> Breaking News 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.philstar.com [Source type: News]
[39]:27 .^ Cold War Begins, 1945-49 .- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ As for the American government, they believed at the time that the Communist bloc was a unified monolith, and that North Korea acted within this monolith as a pawn of the Soviet Union (a view that in the case of North Korea is largely substantiated by documents from the Soviet archives showing that Kim Il-sung, operating with some Soviet assistance, was responsible for the invasion of the South, and discrediting a popular viewpoint of the 1960s and 1970s that the war was just as much caused by South Korean and Western provocation).- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
.^ South Korea's army was simply overwhelmed.
^ Army truck w/ South Korean flag.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These forces were to fight the ill-equipped South Korean army of less than 100,000 men--an army lacking in tanks, heavy artillery, and combat airplanes, plus a coast guard of 4,000 men and a police force of 45,000 men.
.^ Kim Il Sung speaking.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Still of Kim Il Sung with superimposed North Korean flags.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Korean President Kim Il Sung offered a unification plan that was rejected by South Korea.
Course of the war
North Korea Escalates the Conflict (June 1950)
-
- Main Article: Initial Phase of Korean War
.^ TO ALL KOREAN SOLDIERS. This certificate is offered by the United Nations forces to all North Korean and Chinese forces.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
^ On that date at Panmunjom, the military commanders of the North Korean Army, the Chinese People's Volunteers, and the United Nations Command signed an armistice agreement.
.^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
^ Korean War ( The Chinese surprise ) 7/15 .
^ Korean War 1950-1953.- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ If you think communist countries, like North Korea and the People's Republic of China, espouse freedom of speech and human rights the way they do in democratic countries, you're in for a big surprise.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But, he said, the Soviet Union would provide the Chinese sufficient military equipment and war material -- weapons and ammunition left over from World War II. The People's Republic of China was, however, to pay the Soviet Union for all military supplies, which created some bitterness among the Chinese Communist leadership that was to last for years to come.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Today, diplomacy between the Republic of China and mainland China remains strained, and mainland China continues to claim sovereignty over Taiwan .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Consists of a long sequence of pictures in which words of the original text, Korean written in Chinese characters, appear interspersed within the artwork.- Index to Comic Art Collection: "Korean Comic Artist" to "Korean War" 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC comics.lib.msu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Yet Team B was firmly convinced that it ought to be treated as a long-range bomber capable of damaging the U.S. since it had an in-flight refueling capability.- Matthew Yglesias » Cold War Hawks and the Soviet Economy 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC yglesias.thinkprogress.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Because the LLI teams dealt in perishable and current intelligence, not much long-term analysis was done - or possible.- Historical Publications (The Korean War: The SIGINT Background) - NSA/CSS 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.nsa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ South Korea's army was simply overwhelmed.
^ The North Koreans quickly crushed South Korean defenses at the 38th parallel.
^ North Korea has a standing army of about 1 million men, and dwarfs the south Korean army.- Starting the Second Korean War? - Reason Magazine 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC reason.com [Source type: Original source]
Mackiernan was posthumously awarded the CIA
Intelligence Star for valor.
[59]
.^ Ambassador Muccio reports to US State Department that North Korea has crossed the 38th Parallel, SEOUL, June 25, 1950 .- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ In the pre-dawn hours of Sunday June 25 1950 , the North Korean army struck across the 38 th parallel behind a firestorm of artillery barrage.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Artillery firing; firing from under light camouflage.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[45] .^ ROK drives across 38th parallel.
^ We are not ignorant that other countries participated in the war, too.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Korean War was, first and foremost, a Korean civil war.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ North Korea ignored the resolution.
^ Thanks to a temporary Soviet absence from the Security Council — the Soviets were boycotting the Security Council to protest the exclusion of People's Republic of China (PRC) from the UN — there was no veto by Stalin.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Soviets were boycotting the Security Council for refusing to admit Red China into the United Nations.- The Korean War [ushistory.org] 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.ushistory.org [Source type: Academic]
[60] .^ Statement, dated June 27, 1950, by President Harry S. Truman, announcing his order to send U.S. air and naval forces to help defend South Korea and explaining the rationale for his decision.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ South Korean forces moved in behind them.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ By June 27, Truman had ordered America air and naval units into action.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Resolution dated June 27, 1950, from United Nations Security Council recommending that the members of the United Nations furnish assistance to the Republic of Korea in order to repel the attack and restore peace and security in Korea.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ The United States, fearing that inaction in Korea would be interpreted as appeasement of communist aggression elsewhere in the world, was determined that South Korea should not be overwhelmed and asked the UN Security Council to intervene.
^ Early in the morning of June 25, 1950, the armed forces of Communist North Korea smashed across the 38th parallel of latitude in an invasion of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) that achieved complete surprise.
.^ The United States, fearing that inaction in Korea would be interpreted as appeasement of communist aggression elsewhere in the world, was determined that South Korea should not be overwhelmed and asked the UN Security Council to intervene.
^ Getting the US out of South Korea makes the all of Asia makes sense if your want the US to become a second-rate power with all the influence of Denmark.- Starting the Second Korean War? - Reason Magazine 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC reason.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Within hours after the invasion of South Korea began, the United Nations Security Council called for an immediate cease-fire and the withdrawal of North Korean forces from South Korea.
[61]
.^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
^ North and South Korea remained technically at war.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Memorandum for the National Security Council, dated July 6, 1950, transmitting from the National Security Resources Board a memorandum on suggested action in light of the Korean situation.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Upon acceptance by the President, this document was designated "National Security Council (NSC) 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security."- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ The United States was to fight in Korea under the aegis of the UN, and the UN Security Council asked the U.S. to appoint a supreme commander for the UN force, and Washington appointed General MacArthur.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[62][63]
.^ Artillery sequence w/ attack sequence Korean War; Military History; Propaganda; .- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Korea rebuilt its army to about 340,000 soldiers.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ T-34 tanks lead North Koreans forward sequence; North Koreans advance.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[45] .^ North Korea rebuilt its army to about 340,000 soldiers.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Also, they protected U.S soldiers from the T-34-85 tanks.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The failure of North Korea to capture Pusan doomed its invasion.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[45] .^ So to all those that had severed in the korean war.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Written with the intent of showing U.S. Army veterans of the Korean War how the part they played related to larger plans and operations of United Nations forces.- WDVA Wisconsin Veterans Museum Korean War Bibliography Page 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC museum.dva.state.wi.us [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North and South Korea agreed: Not to increase their respective militaries To allow a 2.5 mile demilitarized zone between the two countries That all prisoners be voluntarily repatriated; this would be supervised by a neutral committee Outcome The Korean war had accomplished almost nothing.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
In contrast, the ROK Army defenders were unprepared.
.^ North Korea decided to invade and take over South Korea on June 25, 1950.- African American Freedom Fighters: Soldiers for Liberty 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.liu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ North Korea rebuilt its army to about 340,000 soldiers.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ MacArthur reported that the ROK (South Korean) forces were too weak to hold.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ But there was no time off for celebrations.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There was in the document no mention of U.S. military intervention anywhere, including defending Chiang's forces on Taiwan .- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After a time, this good-looking lad came in and as there were only the two of us in there, he came over and introduced himself.- Sgt Tommy Prince MM Memorial Unit 76 KVA Winnipeg, Manitoba 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC koreavetsunit76.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[45]
Within days of the invasion, masses of ROK Army soldiers—of dubious loyalty to the Syngman Rhee régime—either were retreating southwards or were
defecting en masse to the
Communist North, to the KPA.
[39]:23
Police Action: US intervention
Gen.
.^ The United States was to fight in Korea under the aegis of the UN, and the UN Security Council asked the U.S. to appoint a supreme commander for the UN force, and Washington appointed General MacArthur.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Following UN approval of the intervention, MacArthur assumed the additional role of Commander in Chief, United Nations Command (CINCUNC).- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ President Rhee gave control of his armed forces to the UN, and Truman named MacArthur to the UN command.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
McKinley, 15 September 1950.
US infantry light machinegun position, Korea, 1950–53.
Korean children pass an
M-46 tank
A GI comforts a grieving infantryman.
.^ In April, they marched to a camp in Moosburg, where on April 29th a US Army tank smashed down the gate.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Army-Marines Counterattack - 30Aug50 - South Korean and US troops with jeeps and tanks on road by village in North-East Korea near Pohang.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
supports the 19th RCT, at Song Sil-li, Korea, 10 January 1952.
.^ Despite the post-World War II demobilization of U.S. and allied forces, which caused serious supply problems for American troops in the region (excluding the United States Marines , the infantry divisions sent to Korea were at 40% of paper strength, and the majority of their equipment was found to be useless), the U.S. still had substantial forces in Japan , under the command of General Douglas MacArthur .- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After World War II, Farnsworth was in the Reserves from late 1945 until early 1948 and was stationed at Nellis Air Force Base when the Korean War started in 1950.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And I think that those of us that were in the war better understood the people there.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ On 11 April 1951, General MacArthur was relieved of his Korean command by President Harry Truman, following MacArthurs unauthorized and inflammatory policy statements.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In March 1951, in Operation Ripper , a revitalized 8th Army - restored by Ridgway to fighting trim - expelled the North Korean and Chinese troops from Seoul.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ President Truman ordered Five-Star General Douglas MacArthur, U.S. Commander in the Far East, headquartered in Tokyo, to provide logistical support for the ROKs while the U.N. called for withdrawal of North Korean troops.- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:42 .^ After a time, this good-looking lad came in and as there were only the two of us in there, he came over and introduced himself.- Sgt Tommy Prince MM Memorial Unit 76 KVA Winnipeg, Manitoba 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC koreavetsunit76.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ UN Forces Withdraw - British, Belgian, Filipino & US troops break camp in Njeng [?- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A NKPA force of 500 was caught between the 187 and the Australian Battalion, 27th British Commonwealth Brigade advancing to link up with the troopers.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Copy of memorandum entitled "Points Requiring Presidential Decision," apparently prepared by State and Defense Department staff and summarized by Secretary of State Dean Acheson at the June 25, 1950, Blair House meeting.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Ambassador Muccio reports to US State Department that North Korea has crossed the 38th Parallel, SEOUL, June 25, 1950 .- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Statement, dated June 27, 1950, by President Harry S. Truman, announcing his order to send U.S. air and naval forces to help defend South Korea and explaining the rationale for his decision.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
President, I have very serious news.
.^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Its responsibility was shifted to the United States.
^ Therefore, and finally, South Korea must accelerate her military buildup.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[66] President Truman acknowledged that fighting the invasion was pertinent to the American global
containment of communism:
-
.
.^ Harry S Truman , President Truman, relieved him.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Security Council w/ Malik presiding.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On 11 April 1951, General MacArthur was relieved of his Korean command by President Harry Truman, following MacArthurs unauthorized and inflammatory policy statements.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[68] .^ The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Volume III, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy: The Korean War, Part I .- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Substance of Statements made at Wake Island Conference, dated 15 October 1950, compiled by General of the Army Omar N. Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, from notes kept by the conferees from Washington.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, called the invasion a moral outrage.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ He spoke against "appeasement" and said Korea was as good a place as any "for drawing the line" against Communist expansion.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Communist government in China is equally responsible and guilty as the Communist government in Korea for war atrocities committed against Americans.
^ The U.S. had assumed that the invasion of South Korea was a communist conspiracy, a diversion to draw attention and troops away from Europe .- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Upon acceptance by the President, this document was designated "National Security Council (NSC) 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security."- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Security Council w/ Malik presiding.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ London: National Peace Council, 1950.- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
[68]
.^ Truman, a Democrat president, was under severe domestic pressure for being too soft on communism (Republican senator Joseph McCarthy stated that the State Department was "infested" with Communists).- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although President Truman ordered such in 1948, in practice black soldiers were still assigned to all black units, such as the 24th Infantry Regiment.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Memorandum by Lucius D. Battle, dated June 27, 1950, recounting a telephone conversation between Secretary of State Dean Acheson and Press Secretary Charles Ross.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
.^ On hearing of the invasion, President Harry S. Truman ordered MacArthur to transfer munitions to the ROK Army, while using air cover to protect evacuation of US citizens.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Republic of Korea as may be necessary to repel the armed attack and to restore international peace and security to the area.” Truman ordered U.S. naval and air forces to assist the ROKs.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
.^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ When Korea was invaded, the US sent the Seventh Fleet to protect Taiwan from invasion; it is still there.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Taft spoke in favor of bombing China and helping Chiang Kai-shek's forces invade the mainland.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Chinese Nationalists government, now confined to Taiwan, asked to participate in the war, but their request was denied by the Americans who felt they would only encourage Communist Chinese intervention.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Although the Chinese Nationalists offered to participate in the war, the Americans declined because they were poorly equipped and trained, and politically, there was a risk that Nationalist participation would encourage overt intervention by the Chinese communists.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ These forces had defeated the Nationalist Chinese, who fled to Formosa (Taiwan) in October the previous year and made China a Communist country.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[69]
.^ Korean War Ceremony; 3rd Infantry Division; .- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Battle scenes Korean war.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The first significant American combat unit to arrive in South Korea was Task Force Smith , part of the U.S. Army 24th Infantry Division based in Japan.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:45 .^ Heavy fire from Task Force Smith halted their frontal attack.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ About 522,000 were dead or wounded, and 102,000 taken prisoner.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Current differences in other weapons systems are consistent with Korean superiority on this trend: for example the North is also ahead about 3,500 to 1,200 in tanks, 4,650 to 3,000 in artillery, and 11,000 to 5,300 in mortars.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Though surrounded at the Chosin Reservoir and forced to retreat, they inflicted heavy casualties on the six Chinese divisions committed to destroy them.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The rest of the half strength 24th Division next confronted the North Koreans and was soon overwhelmed and forced to fall back to Taejon , which also fell.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Numerous other field-grade officers were killed, captured, wounded, or sacked, including two from the field artillery battalions (FAB).- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Gen.
William F. Dean.
[39]:48 .^ Of the twelve bombers in the squadron, seven were shot down, including Birch’s plane.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Davis’ group downed 18, and although he shot down four planes, he was credited with only two.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ US army marching thru city.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ By August the South Korean forces and the U.S. Eighth Army, which had arrived to help South Korea resist the Communist invasion, were driven into a small area in the southeast corner of the Korean peninsula around the city of Pusan .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Title: Japan Police holding back Japanese students trying to demonstrate outside US embassy for removal of US troops from Korea.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:53 .^ As the North Koreans pushed south they rounded up and killed people who had been civil servants.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Republic of Korea’s armed forces reached a strength of 590,911 and suffered 272,975 casualties—killed, wounded, missing.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:56 On 20 August, Gen.
.^ North Korea and Kim il Sung were big losers.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kim Il Sung speaking.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Still of Kim Il Sung with superimposed North Korean flags.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39][57]:56 .^ At the Pusan Perimeter, American Eighth Army commander Lieutenant General Walton Walker was able to maneuver his forces to successfully confront the North Koreans as they attempted a flanking maneuver instead of concentrating their forces which might have destroyed U.N. forces in the area, but nonetheless, by September, only the area around Pusan, about 10% of the total Korean peninsula, was still in the hands of the coalition.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The new commander of UN forces in Korea was General Matthew Ridgway, a bright, energetic and determined man.- The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.fsmitha.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The wily commander had the boats under his operational control take bundles of forged currency to North Korea for agents to distribute it.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ With the aid of American supplies, naval and air support, and additional reinforcements, the U.S. and ROK forces barely managed to stabilize a line along the Nakdong River .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He went on to finish a 20-year career in the Air Force, including being activated during the Korean War, and serving on an island off the coast of Vietnam.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ With the aid of American supplies, air support, and additional reinforcements, the U.S. and ROK forces managed to stabilize a line along the Nakdong River .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In US military history, this "back-against-the-sea" holding action is known as the "
Pusan Perimeter".
Escalation
Aerial warfare: The USAF attacking railroads south of Wonsan, eastern coast of North Korea.
.^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
^ Tank battalions were rushed in from San Francisco; by late August, the US had over 500 medium tanks in the Pusan perimiter.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On August 14, 1950, a group of 26 American soldiers was surprised and captured by North Koreans whom the Americans had reason to believe were reinforcements.
.^ Strategic bombers (mostly B-29s based in Japan) closed most rail and road traffic by day, and cut 32 critical bridges.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ American air power arrived in force, flying 40 sorties a day in ground support actions, especially against tanks.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When France was liberated, his unit of the 9th Tactical Air Force was moved to French airbases for quicker ground support response.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:47–48[39]:66 .^ US Navy & Air Force recruits marching.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ McCall served nine years in the Navy, four years in the Air Force Reserve and seven years in the Army Reserve.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Naval air power also attacked transportation chokepoints.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The South Korean army had 2.36 inch (60 mm) M9 bazookas that had been supplied by the U.S. The M9 could not pierce the armor of the T-34-85s.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:58
.^ Continued retreat to Pusan perimeter .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Meanwhile, supply bases in Japan were pouring weapons and soldiers into Pusan.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ US forces defending Pusan perimeter - heavy shelling - wounded GIs.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:59–60 .^ Tank battalions were rushed in from San Francisco; by late August, the US had over 500 medium tanks in the Pusan perimiter.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ US tanks in Korea.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Heavy Tank Battalion: Strike Swiftly Korea 1950-1953 .
[39]:61 .^ By early September, UN-ROK forces were vastly stronger and outnumbered the North Koreans by 180,000 to 100,000.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The PRC army forced the UN and ROK forces back to the 38th parallel.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Navy then smoothly evacuated X Corps from Wonsan, moving 105,000 UN soldiers, 98,000 civilian refugees, 18,000 vehicles, and 350,000 tons of supplies back to the west, where they became the Eighth Army reserve.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39][45]:61
Battle of Incheon
.^ The port of Pusan would be the gateway for future UN reinforcements which will eventually liberate South Korea and drive deep into North Korea.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ With the aid of American supplies, air support, and additional reinforcements, the U.S. and ROK forces managed to stabilize a line along the Nakdong River .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Against the much more heavily armed Americans, they adapted a technique they had used against the Nationalists in the Chinese civil war of 1946–49.- Korean War 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC articles.gourt.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:61[39]:58 .^ Background 1.1 Military strengths 2 North Korea invades 2.1 U.S. and UN entry 2.2 Holding the Pusan perimeter 2.2.1 Tactical air power 3 Inchon landing 3.1 Rollback or containment?- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Walker had to hold for six weeks while a reserve force of two divisions was built up and landed behind enemy lines at the port of Inchon on the Yellow Sea.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His plan was an amphibious invasion far behind the North Korean lines at Inchon on the west coast of South Korea, just west of the capital city of Seoul.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The U.S. then carried out a brilliant amphibious landing behind enemy lines at Inchon , and the course of the conflict was reversed.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
[39]:67 On 6 July, he ordered Maj. Gen.
.^ On the morning of July 18, General Walton Walker, commander of the U.S. Eighth Army, which included all American and ROK forces in Korea, arrived at Taejon and asked General William Dean, the 24th Division Commanding Officer (CO), if he could hold the city until the 20th when units just landing from the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division would be in position to reinforce him.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ They were from the 2lst Infantry Regiment, 24th Division, on Japanese occupation duty.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In August 1944 his unit, the 143rd Infantry Regiment, 36th Division, landed in southern France.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[70]
The
Operation Chromite amphibious assault of Incheon deployed in violent tides, and was awaited by a strong, entrenched enemy.
[39]:66–67 Soon after the war began, Gen.
.^ MacArthur had started planning a few days after the war began but had been strongly opposed by the Pentagon.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:67 When authorized, he activated his attack USA-USMC-ROKA force—the
X Corps, Gen.
.^ X Corps comprised 70,000 troops of the 1st Marine Division, and the 7th Army division (augmented by 8,600 Korean troops).- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When he finally received permission to go ahead, MacArthur activated X Corps under General Edward Almond (comprised of 70,000 troops of the 1st Marine Division, and the 7th Army division and augmented by 8,600 Korean troops) and ordered them to land at Incheon in "Operation CHROMITE".- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Working closely with admirals who were masters at organizing amphibious landings, he and his chief of staff Major General Edward Almond hurriedly readied the First Marine Division for an invasion.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:68 .^ The unexpected assault forced the Americans into a bloody withdrawal to the city of Hungnam on the coast, where they were evacuated in December 1950.- War Stories from Five Veterans - News & Features (washingtonian.com) 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.washingtonian.com [Source type: General]
^ Memorandum by Lucius D. Battle, dated June 27, 1950, recounting a telephone conversation between Secretary of State Dean Acheson and Press Secretary Charles Ross.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Prior to the battle, this site identified the Chinese units assembled for the attack, then accurately predicted the date and time of the first wave.- Historical Publications (The Korean War: The SIGINT Background) - NSA/CSS 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.nsa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:70
.^ Land fight begins.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Two years later, he landed with the 1st Marine Brigade in Pusan—in a country he couldn’t pinpoint on a map before—in the first big battle of the Korean War.- War Stories from Five Veterans - News & Features (washingtonian.com) 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.washingtonian.com [Source type: General]
^ Henry J. McNichols, formerly with Company E, 5th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division, testified: .
“Task
.^ From the Pusan Perimeter thru the breakout, the race for Seoul, and the offensive across the 38th parallel on the west coast.
^ As the remainder of enemy armor ran through their position, Lt. Ollie Connor fired 22 rounds from a 2.36 inch rocket launcher into the rear of the tanks at very close range, with little appreciable effect.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The U.N. forces dug in along their meager toehold in southeastern Korea, which became known as the Pusan Perimeter.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[70] .^ South Korea has been amply able to defend itself against a Northern invasion for upwards of 25 years.- Starting the Second Korean War? - Reason Magazine 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC reason.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The landing was a stunning success, as X Corps rolled over the few defenders and threatened to trap the main North Korean army.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Statement, dated June 27, 1950, by President Harry S. Truman, announcing his order to send U.S. air and naval forces to help defend South Korea and explaining the rationale for his decision.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
.^ The North Koreans, almost cut off, rapidly retreated northwards; about 25,000 to 30,000 made it back.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ MacArthur quickly recaptured Seoul.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ MacArthur quickly recaptured Seoul .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[71][72]
UN forces cross partition line (September–October 1950)
Urban combat: US Marines fight the KPA for the Korean capital.
On September 27, Truman sent a top secret National Security Council memorandum, 81/1, to MacArthur reminding MacArthur that operations north of the 38th parallel were authorized only if “at the time of such operation there was no entry into North Korea by major Soviet or Chinese Communist forces, no announcements of intended entry, nor a threat to counter our operations militarily…” On September 30, Defense Secretary George Marshall sent an eyes-only message to MacArthur instructing MacArthur “We want you to feel unhampered tactically and strategically to proceed north of the 38th parallel.”
[73]
.^ American and ROK troops reached the 38th parallel in early October.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the west the Eighth Army crossed the 38th parallel on October 9, two days after the UN authorized reunification of Korea.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ MacArthur's forces crossed the 38th parallel and pursued the NKPA deep into North Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
[39]:79–94 .^ The second team spent three days in the winter weather retreating southward to the capital city, then further south as the Chinese pushed U.S./UN forces back.- Historical Publications (The Korean War: The SIGINT Background) - NSA/CSS 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.nsa.gov [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Within a few days, ROK forces, outnumbered and out-gunned, were in full retreat.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Commanding General of UN Forces John Hull visits processing area tent city.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:81 .^ The failure of North Korea to capture Pusan doomed its invasion.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The landing was a stunning success, as X Corps rolled over the few defenders and threatened to trap the main North Korean army.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Later, when in North Korea, the ROKs wanted to reply in kind, but close supervision by U.N. officials kept these reprisals on a smaller scale.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:87–88 .^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "Mao's Telegrams during the Korean War, October-December 1950."- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ North Korea rebuilt its army to about 340,000 soldiers.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Taking advantage of the UN Command’s strategic momentum against the Communists, Gen.
.^ The older view is expressed in Whiting (1960) ↑ Shen Zhihua, "Sino-North Korean Conflict and its Resolution During the Korean War."- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Reds are holding his parents to force him to be a spy, but when he learns that his parents have been killed he takes off and does a kamikaze mission against a North Korean supply dump.- Index to Comic Art Collection: "Korean Comic Artist" to "Korean War" 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC comics.lib.msu.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Includes authorizations for MacArthur to send ammunition to Korea and to take whatever action he deems necessary to prevent the North Korean forces from overrunning the Seoul-Kimpo-Inchon area.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
.^ Although President Truman ordered such in 1948, in practice black soldiers were still assigned to all black units, such as the 24th Infantry Regiment.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ President Truman signed Executive Order 9981 on July 26 , 1948 , calling on the armed forces to provide equal treatment and opportunity for black servicemen.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On hearing of the invasion, President Harry S. Truman ordered MacArthur to transfer munitions to the ROK Army, while using air cover to protect evacuation of US citizens.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
MacArthur’s caution at the Sino-Korean border.
[39]:83
Exchange between Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong
.^ The television show "M*A*S*H" aired from 1972-83 and used a Korean War innovation — the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital — as its setting.- The Korean War [ushistory.org] 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.ushistory.org [Source type: Academic]
^ The older view is expressed in Whiting (1960) ↑ Shen Zhihua, "Sino-North Korean Conflict and its Resolution During the Korean War."- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This is the KVA National Web-Site and contains information that will be interesting to those that are Korea Veterans and those that may be just interested in researching the history of the Korean War.- Sgt Tommy Prince MM Memorial Unit 76 KVA Winnipeg, Manitoba 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC koreavetsunit76.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ "Communications between Mao and Stalin: Seven Telegrams, January 1949."- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Relations between Mao and Stalin were cool.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ "The Discrepancy between the Russian and Chinese Versions of Mao's 2 October 1950 Message to Stalin on Chinese Entry into the Korean War: A Chinese Scholar's Reply."- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
.^ Kim Il Sung speaking.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There should be little doubt that it is the clear determination to unify Korea, the strength of will of Kim Il-sung, that makes North Korea's capability most dangerous.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ All that was needed was the trigger, the excuse for Kim Il-sung to launch his invasion.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The U.S. military had been caught ill-prepared for the war.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ US troops with young Korean children.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After another visit by Kim to Moscow in March-April of 1950, Stalin approved an attack.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[74]
China intervenes
Chinese propaganda poster showing Chinese and North Korean soldiers crushing US allied soldiers
.^ "Mao's Telegrams during the Korean War, October-December 1950."- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Korean War ( The Chinese surprise ) 7/15 .
^ Korean War 1950-1953.- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
[75] .^ Report on Communist Radio Propaganda on the Korean War, August 8 - 31, 1950.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ On October 8 1950 , the day after American troops crossed the 38th, Chairman Mao issued the order for the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (actually regulars in the Chinese People's Liberation Army ) to be moved to the Yalu River , ready to cross.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On June 25, 1950, the North Korean Peoples' Army, without warning, attacked the Free Republic of South Korea.
.^ Premier Zhou Enlai was sent to Moscow to add force to Mao's cabled arguments.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ H800191 Pte BRYDON, Harry B Pte Brydon served with the PPCLI and died on the 8 Oct 1951 at the age of 24 and is commemorated at the United Nations Cemetery in Pusan Korea.- Sgt Tommy Prince MM Memorial Unit 76 KVA Winnipeg, Manitoba 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC koreavetsunit76.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Korea veterans who served with United Nations Forces from other countries as well as certain ancillary units are also eligible for membership (see Membership page ).- Sgt Tommy Prince MM Memorial Unit 76 KVA Winnipeg, Manitoba 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC koreavetsunit76.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ China, fearful of a capitalist Korean state on its borders, warned neutral diplomats in India that it would intervene.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I wish people would learn more about korea.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
[39]:83 .^ Truman regarded the warnings as "a bald attempt to blackmail the UN".- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ President Rhee gave control of his armed forces to the UN, and Truman named MacArthur to the UN command.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Truman, a Democratic president, was under severe domestic pressure for being too soft on communism by, among others, Republican senator Joseph McCarthy .- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[76] .^ Map of Korea w/ 38th parallel.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ American and ROK troops reached the 38th parallel in early October.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the west the Eighth Army crossed the 38th parallel on October 9, two days after the UN authorized reunification of Korea.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[77] .^ The Chinese, Koreans, the North Koreans, were about to throw us out of Korea.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Chinese of Germ Warfare bombing raids over North Korea.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The atrocities perpetrated in Korea against the United Nations troops by Chinese and North Korean Communists are not unique in Communist history, nor can they be explained away on the grounds that inhumanity is often associated with so-called civilized warfare.
[78]
US Army artillerymen manning a
105 mm howitzer, Uirson, Korea, August 1950.
.^ Premier Zhou Enlai was sent to Moscow to add force to Mao's cabled arguments.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ September 1952, hand-delivered note, Zhou Enlai to Stalin conveying telegram from Mao to Zhou, Cold War International History Project, "New Russian Documents on the Korean War", introduction and translations by Kathryn Weathersby, Telegram #109 .- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ When Russia failed to provide the aviation that Stalin had promised, Mao realized his small air force would be unable to challenge American aircraft, training, and infrastructure.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ "Mao's Telegrams during the Korean War, October-December 1950."- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ The Russian MiG-15s in PRC colors became a serious threat to the UN pilots.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After the war, he joined the Air Force Reserve.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[citation needed]
.^ "Mao's Telegrams during the Korean War, October-December 1950."- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950-1953 .- Korean History Bibliography: The Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: Academic]
^ Chinese forces enter Korea .- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The Soviet materiel would make the Chinese intervention to Korea a strategic maneuver furthering Asian communist revolutionary power,
[citation needed] Mao explained to Stalin: “If we allow the United States to occupy all of Korea, Korean revolutionary power will suffer a fundamental defeat, and the American invaders will run more rampant, and have negative effects for the entire Far East.”
US aerial reconnaissance had difficulty sighting PVA units in daytime, because their march and
bivouac discipline minimized aerial detection.
[39]:102 .^ Mildenhall - man in camouflage uniform loading pack w/ field equipment.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Soldiers dismantle small tents and pack equipment.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Meanwhile, daylight advance parties scouted for the next bivouac site.
.^ Mao Zedong 's only healthy son, Mao Anying , was also killed as a PVA officer during the war.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ So, you might end up with the Chinese and the Koreans in back of you, on each side of you, nobody knew for sure where the enemy was until you started, until they started shooting at you.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ North Korean prisoners killed during violence on Pongam Island - rioters marched away by armed guards.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[45] .^ As the Marines landed on the Wonsan beaches, Bob Hope invited them to his big show that night--he had arrived overland with the fast-marching Korean army.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I'm in the us army, and I have marched and did manuvers on those same mountains that they fought in.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Army troops of the 24th and 2nd Infantry Divisions had fought their hearts out for eleven days in this area and stopped the enemy advance, but were too weak to push the North Koreans back across the river.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ After the Korean War had broken out in 1950, he was assigned in 1951 to Battery A, 38th Field Artillery Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division as a forward observer.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Heavy Tank Battalion: Strike Swiftly Korea 1950-1953 .
^ It happened that resistance was light and Pyongyang was taken by the 1st Cav and 1st ROK Division on October 19.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Henry J. McNichols, formerly with Company E, 5th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division, testified: .
^ He joined the Royal 22nd Regiment in Quebec City in 1949, transferring to it's 2nd Battalion in Aug 1950.- Sgt Tommy Prince MM Memorial Unit 76 KVA Winnipeg, Manitoba 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC koreavetsunit76.blogspot.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Roy Paul Manring, Jr., formerly a corporal with H Company, 155th Cavalry Regiment, and 1 of 4 survivors of the Hill 303 massacre, testified: .
.^ On October 17, Blair Hale passed away following an extended illness.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The failure of North Korea to capture Pusan doomed its invasion.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ "Chronology of Relations Between North Korea and China in the Post-Mao Era--October 1976-October 1984."- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Ambassador Muccio reports to US State Department that North Korea has crossed the 38th Parallel, SEOUL, June 25, 1950 .- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
.^ Summary of conversation with President Harry S. Truman regarding intentions of the Chinese communists vis a vis Korea, June 26, 1950.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Department of State Daily Opinion Summary, dated October 11, 1950, reporting the reactions of the media concerning the upcoming meeting of President Truman and General MacArthur.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ Memorandum for the President, dated October 17, 1950, regarding World Reaction to the Wake Island Meeting.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
.^ On October 15, 1950, Truman went to Wake Island in mid-Pacific for a short, highly publicized meeting with MacArthur.- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Statement by President Truman, dated October 15, 1950, pertaining to his meeting held on Wake Island with General MacArthur.- Documents on the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.mtholyoke.edu [Source type: Reference]
^ On 11 April 1951, General MacArthur was relieved of his Korean command by President Harry Truman, following MacArthurs unauthorized and inflammatory policy statements.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Please cross over to the South without hesitation.- Allied Banknotes PSYOP of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.psywarrior.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But the Chinese had no air force; hence, "if the Chinese tried to get down to Pyongyang there would be the greatest slaughter."- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
- Korean War - encyclopedia article - Citizendium 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC locke.citizendium.org:8080 [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There would be some little firefights once in a while.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
[71][80]
.^ American troops in Korea in 1950-51.
^ The Sudden Assault A rather unforeseen nighttime attack came on October 30, 1950; when his unit at Unsan, North Korea was attacked by the opponents.
^ By November, Epperson was deep inside bitter-cold North Korea.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[81] .^ The collapse of the ROKs exposed the flank of the 2nd Division and forced the U.N. forces to withdraw.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The PRC army forced the UN and ROK forces back to the 38th parallel.- Korean War@Everything2.com 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.everything2.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In the west, along the Chongchon River, the Chinese army overran several ROK divisions and landed a heavy blow to the flank of the remaining UN forces, The resulting withdrawal of the U.S. Eighth Army was the longest retreat of any American military unit in history.- Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Korean War" 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC pelagos.fasterlight.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[39]:98–99 .^ Charles Richard Thompsen (2004 University of Utah Veterans Day honoree) After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Charles Thompsen enlisted in the Army Air Corps.- Utah military people and their stories 12 October 2009 10:17 UTC www.fortdouglas.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ No enemy attack succeeded in penetrating the Turkish Brigade, while British and American forces were forced to withdraw from defensive lines.- ATPM 7.01 - Desktop Pictures: Washington, D.C. - Korean-War-Memorial 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.atpm.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Surely, she must be confident of a successful military attack on China.- THE CONFLICT HELIX AND A KOREAN WAR 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.hawaii.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ US troops from F Co, 9th Regimental combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division.- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In the X Corps sector in the east, one regiment of the 7th Division reached the Yalu at Hyesanjin, but the Marines were stopped at the Chosin Reservoir.- KWVA: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.kwva.org [Source type: Original source]
- Korean War Educator: Brief Account of the Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC koreanwar-educator.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ CU sign 7th US Infantry Division .- Footage Farm: Korean War 28 January 2010 0:14 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[83]
Initially, frontline PVA infantry had neither heavy fire support nor crew-served light infantry weapons, but quickly took advantage of their disadvantage; in
How Wars Are Won: The 13 Rules of War from Ancient Greece to the War on Terror (2003),
Bevin Alexander reports:
.