| Latin | |
| Intro: | 1 • 2 |
| Chapter 1 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 |
| Chapter 2 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 |
| Chapter 3 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 |
| Chapter 4 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 |
| Chapter 5 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 |
See discussion for a tutorial on the passive voice and how to use it in Latin, including external links which explain future, imperfect, and present indicative passive verb forms.
I consider commercial textbooks to be inadequate, so I do not believe that this article can wait.
Here are the conjugations for the imperfect passive tenses. The
basic rules for going to passive are:
In the first person, add -r if the active ending is a vowel, otherwise change the final constant to an -r. Examples:
paro (I prepare) -> paror (I am being prepared)
aperiebam (I was opening) -> aperiebar (I was being
opened)
defendemus (we will defend) -> defendemur (we will be
defended)
tenebimus (we will hold) -> tenebimur (we will be held)
In the third person, add -ur. Examples:
parat (he prepares) -> paratur (he is being prepared)
aperiebat (he was opening) -> aperiebatur (he was being
opened)
defendent (they will defend) -> defendentur (they will be
defended)
tenebunt (they will hold) -> tenebuntur (they will be
held)
In the second person, things get more complicated. For the plural, replace "tis" with "mini". Note the exception in "ferre", where "fertis" becomes "ferimini". In the word "ferre", the "rm" letter combination consistently gets separated (ferimus instead of fermus, ferimur instead of fermur and ferimini instead of fermini). For the singular present, take out the active ending, add the thematic vowel (a from -are, e from -ere, i from -ire and nothing from -re, as in ferre) of the verb's infinitive ending and add -ris. Examples:
paras (you prepare) -> pararis (you are
being prepared)
tenes (you are holding) -> teneris (you are
being held)
defendis (you are defending) -> defenderis (you
are being defended)
audis (you are listening) -> audiris (you are
being listened to)
defendetis (you will defend) -> defendemini
(you are being defended)
amabis (you will love) -> amaberis (you will be
loved)
Note the -eris ending in the future passive. The future active bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt looks like the third conjugation so the passive bor, beris, bitur, bimur, bimini, buntur ooks like the third conjugation. The imperfect passive is bar, baris, batur, bamur, bamini, bantur.
| Conjugation in the Present Passive | ||||||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | mixed | 4th | Irregular | |||
| Infinitive: | amare | terrere | legere | capere | audire | ferre | ||
| Singular | ||||||||
| 1st person: | amor | terreor | legor | capior | audior | feror | ||
| 2nd person: | amaris | terreris | legeris | caperis | audiris | ferris | ||
| 3rd person: | amatur | terretur | legitur | capitur | auditur | fertur | ||
| Plural | ||||||||
| 1st person: | amamur | terremur | legimur | capimur | audimur | ferimur | ||
| 2nd person: | amamini | terremini | legimini | capimini | audimini | ferimini | ||
| 3rd person: | amantur | terrentur | leguntur | capiuntur | audiuntur | feruntur | ||
| Conjugation in the Imperfect Passive | ||||||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | mixed | 4th | Irregular | |||
| Infinitive: | amare | terrere | legere | capere | audire | ferre | ||
| Singular | ||||||||
| 1st person: | amabar | terrebar | legebar | capiebar | audiebar | ferebar | ||
| 2nd person: | amabaris | terrebaris | legebaris | capibaeris | audiebaris | ferebaris | ||
| 3rd person: | amabatur | terrebatur | legebatur | capiebatur | audiebatur | ferebatur | ||
| Plural | ||||||||
| 1st person: | amabamur | terrebamur | legebamur | capiebamur | audiebamur | ferebamur | ||
| 2nd person: | amabamini | terrebamini | legebamini | capiebamini | audiebamini | ferebamini | ||
| 3rd person: | amabantur | terrebantur | legebantur | capiebantur | audiebantur | ferebantur | ||
| Conjugation in the Future Passive | ||||||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | mixed | 4th | Irregular | |||
| Infinitive: | amare | terrere | legere | capere | audire | ferre | ||
| Singular | ||||||||
| 1st person: | amabor | terrebor | legar | capiar | audiar | ferar | ||
| 2nd person: | amaberis | terreberis | legeris | capieris | audieris | fereris | ||
| 3rd person: | amabitur | terrebitur | legetur | capietur | audietur | feretur | ||
| Plural | ||||||||
| 1st person: | amabimur | terrebimur | legemur | capiemur | audiemur | feremur | ||
| 2nd person: | amabimini | terrebimini | legemini | capiemini | audiemini | feremini | ||
| 3rd person: | amabuntur | terrebuntur | legentur | capientur | audientur | ferentur | ||
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