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Chapter 2 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8
Chapter 3 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8
Chapter 4 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10
Chapter 5 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

Contents

Exercises

EXERCISE • Lesson 5-Accusative • Give the accusative singular.

Give the accusative singular for:

  1. lud-us
  2. magn-us
  3. triclīni-um
  4. bell-um
  5. puell-a
  6. serv-us
  7. ager
SOLUTION • Latin/Lesson 5-Accusative • Give the accusative singular.
  1. ludum
  2. magnum
  3. triclīnium
  4. bellum
  5. puellam
  6. servum
  7. agrum
 
 
EXERCISE • Lesson 5-Accusative • Give the accusative plural.

Give the accusative plural for:

  1. lud-us
  2. magn-us
  3. triclīni-um
  4. bell-um
  5. puell-a
  6. serv-us
  7. ager
SOLUTION • Latin/Lesson 5-Accusative • Give the accusative plural.
  1. ludos
  2. magnos
  3. triclīnia
  4. bella
  5. puellas
  6. servos
  7. agros
 
 
EXERCISE • Lesson 5-Accusative • Give the nominative singular.

Give the nominative singular for:

  1. bon-ī
  2. bell-a
  3. triclīni-a
  4. puell-am
  5. agr-ōs
  6. serv-ōs
  7. puell-ae
SOLUTION • Latin/Lesson 5-Accusative • Give the nominative singular.
  1. bonus
  2. bellum
  3. triclīnium
  4. puella
  5. ager
  6. servus
  7. puella
 
 

Grammar: The Accusative

As you learned in the last lesson, the verb 'esse' (to be) usually takes the nominative case, because then the word after it is a complement. Most other verbs take the 'accusative' case.

In a sentence, the accusative is the "what" - in English grammar, this is known as the direct object.

For example: The girl sells the box.

What did the girl sell? The box. Thus, box is the direct object, and when we translate it into Latin:

Example
English: The girl sells the box.
Latin: Puella vendet cistam.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE VERB ACCUSATIVE

Cistam, then, is in the accusative, because it is the direct object.

Again, when an adjective describes a noun in the accusative case, the adjective must agree in number, case, and gender.

For example:

Example
English: The girl sells the big box.
Latin: Puella vendet magnam cistam.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE VERB ADJECTIVE ACCUSATIVE NOUN ACCUSATIVE

Examples of Adjectives Agreeing with the Nominative and Accusative Case

Abbreviations: NOM = nominative, ACC = accusative, S = singular, P = plural, m. = masculine, f. = feminine

Latin English Summary
bon-us lūd-us The good school (NOM S m.)
bon-um lūd-um The good school (ACC S m.)
bon-ī lūd-ī The good schools (NOM P m.)
bon-ōs lūd-ōs The good schools (ACC P m.)
bon-us puer The good boy (NOM S m.)
bon-ī puer-ī The good boys (NOM P m.)
bon-ōs puer-ōs The good boys (ACC P m.)
bon-um puer-um The good boy (ACC S m.)
bon-a puell-a The good girl (NOM S f.)
bon-am puell-am The good girl (ACC S f.)
bon-ae puell-ae The good girls (NOM P f.)
bon-ās puell-ās The good girls (ACC P f.)

Exercise 3

Determine whether the adjective agrees with the substantive in all three categories: case, gender, number.

Questions: Does it Agree?
1. magn-us agr-ōs True/False
2. magn-a puella True/False
3. poet-a* bon-us True/False
4. magn-um serv-um True/False
5. poet-ae* magn-ae True/False
6. bell-a magn-a True/False
* Nota bene: Poeta (meaning poet) is a masculine noun, even though it ends in -a.
EXERCISE • Lesson 5-Accusative • Answer

See table above. Determine whether the adjective (magnus, bonus..) agrees with the substantives (ager, puella, poeta) in both case (nominative, accusative...), gender (masculine, female and neuter) and number (singular and plural).

SOLUTION • Latin/Lesson 5-Accusative • Answer
  1. False. Magnus doesn't agree with agrōs; in number and case.
    Magnus: Masculine, singular, nominative.
    Agrōs: Masculine, plural, accusative.
  2. True. Magna agrees with puella.
    Magna: Feminine, singular, nominative.
    Puella: Feminine, singular, nominative.
  3. True. Bonus agrees with poeta.
    Bonus: Masculine, singular, nominative.
    Poeta: Masculine, singular, nominative.
  4. True. Magnum agrees with servum.
    Magnum: Neuter, singular, nominative.
    Servum: Neuter, singular, nominative.
  5. False. Magnae doesn't agree with poetae; in gender.
    Magnae: Feminine, plural, nominative.
    Poetae: Masculine, plural, nominative.
  6. True. Bella agrees with magna.
    Bella: Neuter, plural, nominative.
    Magna: Neuter, plural, nominative.
 
 

Grammar: The Use of the Accusative

Lesson Vocabulary
Latin English
puell-a f. girl
puer m. boy
bell-um n. (2nd decl.) war
(puer) ama-t (the boy) loves
(puer) curri-t (the boy) runs
(puer) porta-t (the boy) carries
(puer) specta-t (the boy) watches
(puer) da-t (the boy) gives
fuisse
fuī
fuistī
(puer) fuit
fuimus
fuistis
fuērunt		 to have been
I have been
you have been
(the boy) has been
we have been
you (pl.) have been
they have been
Nota Bene: 'fuisse' and all the forms of it, the past tense of 'esse', behaves exactly like the present tense.


The newly introduced verbs, ama-t, curri-t, and porta-t take the accusative as the 'object'. Unless specified, any verb you look up in the dictionary will take the accusative, not the nominative. This means transitive verbs, which are verbs that happen to someone or something, e.g.:

I heal you. (acc.)
You make my day. (acc.)
She hit your arm. (acc.)

In the examples above, the bold words are the subject of the sentence clause- and because something happens "to" them, they can't be in nominative.

Grammatical Explanation Using English Sentences

Grammatical Explanation 1
English: The boy hits the car.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE VERB ACCUSATIVE
Grammatical Explanation 2
English: The girl hugs the boy.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE VERB ACCUSATIVE
Grammatical Explanation 3
English: He who flees, deserves the guillotine.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE VERB VERB ACCUSATIVE

Exercise 4: Find the Nominative and Accusative

EXERCISE • Lesson 5-Accusative • Find the Nominative and Accusative (if present) in each the sentence.

Find the Nominative and Accusative (if present) in each the sentence.

  1. The boy is good.
  2. The girl kisses the boy.
  3. The boy gives the book.
  4. The child watches the TV.
  5. Whom it concerns.
  6. To the kitchen I run
  7. I eat the pizza.
SOLUTION • Latin/Lesson 5-Accusative • Find the Nominative and Accusative (if present) in each the sentence.
  1. The boy {nom} is good {nom}.
    Puer {nom} est bonus {nom}.
  2. The girl {nom} kisses the boy {acc}.
    Puella {nom} puerum {acc} basiat.
  3. The boy {nom} gives the book {acc}.
    Puer {nom} librum {acc} dat.
  4. The child {nom} watches the TV {acc}.
    Infans {nom} televisorium {acc} videt.
  5. Whom {acc} it {nom} concerns.
    ???
  6. To the kitchen {acc} I {nom} run.
    Ad culinam {acc} [ego {nom}] curro.
  7. I {nom} eat the pizza {acc}.
    Pittam {acc} [ego {nom}] edo.
 
 
EXERCISE • Lesson 5-Accusative • In the following sentences, identify the accusative and nominative. Then translate.

In the following sentences, identify the accusative and nominative. Then translate.

  1. Puer est bonus.
  2. Puella puerum amat..
  3. Puer cistam portat.
  4. Fīlius virum spectat.
  5. Ad culīnam currit.
SOLUTION • Latin/Lesson 5-Accusative • In the following sentences, identify the accusative and nominative. Then translate.
  1. Puer {nom} est bonus {nom}.
    The boy {nom} is good {nom}.
  2. Puella {nom} puerum {acc} amat.
    The girl {nom} loves the boy {acc}.
  3. Puer {nom} cistam {acc} portat.
    The boy {nom} carries the box {acc}.
  4. Fīlius {nom} virum {acc} spectat.
    The son {nom} watched the husband {acc}.
  5. Ad culīnam {acc} currit.
    To the kitchen {acc} [he {nom}] runs.
 
 







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