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We have already seen the first two declensions:
| 1st declension | 2nd declension | |||||
| -a | -us | -um (neuter) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL | |
| nominative | puell-a | puell-ae | serv-us/ puer | serv-ī | bell-um | bell-a |
| genitive | puell-ae | puell-ārum | serv-ī | serv-ōrum | bell-ī | bell-ōrum |
| accusative | puell-am | puell-ās | serv-um | serv-ōs | bell-um | bell-a |
| dative | puell-ae | puell-īs | serv-ō | serv-īs | bell-ō | bell-īs |
| ablative | puell-ā | puell-īs | serv-ō | serv-īs | bell-ō | bell-īs |
We will now complete the table of nouns with the 3rd, 4th, and 5th declensions. These declensions are more difficult to work with because their nominative and accusative plural forms are identical, as are their dative and ablative plural forms. To distinguish the cases, you must use a very simple key: context. Context will tell you the meaning.
3rd declension nouns have two stems: The nominative and vocative singular stem and the stem used for all other cases. Both stems have to be memorized for each noun. Feminine and masculine forms are indistinguishable.
| 3rd Declension | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | rēx | rēg-ēs |
| accusative | rēg-em | rēg-ēs |
| genitive | rēg-is | rēg-um |
| dative | rēg-ī | rēg-ibus |
| ablative | rēg-e | rēg-ibus |
| 3rd Declension Neuter | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative* | mare | mar-ia |
| accusative | mare | mar-ia |
| genitive | mar-is | mar-ium |
| dative | mar-ī | mar-ibus |
| ablative | mar-ī | mar-ibus |
| 3rd Declension Neuter | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative* | litus | litor-a |
| accusative | litus | litor-a |
| genitive | litor-is | litor-um |
| dative | litor-ī | litor-ibus |
| ablative | litor-ī | litor-ibus |
| Singular Nominative | Main stem | Main gender | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| -is | -is | masc/fem | canis, navis, hostis |
| -s | -is | masc/fem | urbs, rex*, matrix* |
| -s | -tis | masc/fem | nox*, mons, pons |
| -o | -onis | masc/fem | legio, auditio, statio |
| -en | -inis | neuter | carmen, flumen, examen |
| -or | -oris | masc/fem | amor, timor |
| -us | -oris | neuter | litus, corpus |
| -us | -eris | neuter | genus, vulnus |
| 4th Declension | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | grad-us | grad-ūs |
| accusative | grad-um | grad-ūs |
| genitive | grad-ūs | grad-uum |
| dative | grad-uī | grad-ibus |
| ablative | grad-ū | grad-ibus |
| 4th Declension Neuter | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | corn-ū | corn-ua |
| vocative | corn-ū | corn-ua |
| accusative | corn-ū | corn-ua |
| genitive | corn-ūs | corn-uum |
| dative | corn-ū | corn-ibus |
| ablative | corn-ū | corn-ibus |
| 5th Declension Feminine/Masculine | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | r-ēs | r-ēs |
| vocative | r-ēs | r-ēs |
| accusative | r-ēm | r-ēs |
| genitive | r-ēī | r-ērum |
| dative | r-ēī | r-ēbus |
| ablative | r-ē | r-ēbus |
Translate the following:
Hodiē militēs ad villam meī amīcī mittō. Meō amicō, Marcō
Tulliō nomine, mē in Senatū maledicere placet, quā rē istum
interficere volō.
Vocabulary:
Translate the following:
Eheu! Mūs meum pānem mandit. Nunc nihil habeō. Me
miserum!
Vocabulary:
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