| Latin | |
| Intro: | 1 • 2 |
| Chapter 1 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 |
| Chapter 2 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 |
| Chapter 3 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 |
| Chapter 4 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 |
| Chapter 5 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 |
Irregular verbs do not fit in any particular conjugation. Irregular verbs conjugate but not in a predictable manner. An example of an irregular verb that you have met is 'esse'. There are a few others which will be listed in the present indicate active tense below for you to memorise and refer to.
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | ire | to go |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | i | Go! |
| 1st person: | eo | I go |
| 2nd person: | is | You go |
| 3rd person: | it | He goes |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | ite | Go all of you! |
| 1st person: | imus | We go |
| 2nd person: | itis | You go |
| 3rd person: | eunt | They go |
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | esse | to be |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | es | be! |
| 1st person: | sum | I am |
| 2nd person: | es | You are |
| 3rd person: | est | He is |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | este | Be! |
| 1st person: | sumus | We are |
| 2nd person: | estis | You are |
| 3rd person: | sunt | They are |
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | fierī | to become |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | fi | Become! |
| 1st person: | fio | I become |
| 2nd person: | fis | You become |
| 3rd person: | fit | He becomes |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | fite | Become! |
| 1st person: | fimus | We become |
| 2nd person: | fitis | You become |
| 3rd person: | fiunt | They become |
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | malle | to prefer |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | (none) | Prefer! |
| 1st person: | malō | I prefer |
| 2nd person: | mavis | You prefer |
| 3rd person: | mavult | He prefers |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | (none) | Prefer! |
| 1st person: | malumus | We prefer |
| 2nd person: | mavultis | You prefer |
| 3rd person: | malunt | They prefer |
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | nolle | to be unwilling |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | noli | Don't! |
| 1st person: | nolō | I am unwilling |
| 2nd person: | non vis | You are unwilling |
| 3rd person: | non vult | He is unwilling |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | nolite | Don't! |
| 1st person: | nolumus | We are unwilling |
| 2nd person: | non vultis | You are unwilling |
| 3rd person: | nolunt | They are unwilling |
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | velle | to wish |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | (none) | Wish! |
| 1st person: | volō | I wish |
| 2nd person: | vis | You wish |
| 3rd person: | vult | He wishes |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | (none) | Wish! |
| 1st person: | volumus | We wish |
| 2nd person: | vultis | You wish |
| 3rd person: | volunt | They wish |
| Form | Latin | English |
| Infinitive: | ferre* | to carry |
| Singular | ||
| Imperative: | fer | Carry! |
| 1st person: | ferō | I carry |
| 2nd person: | fers | You carry |
| 3rd person: | fert | He carries |
| Plural | ||
| Imperative | ferte! | Carry! |
| 1st person: | ferimus | We carry |
| 2nd person: | fertis | You carry |
| 3rd person: | ferunt | They carry |
| Sometimes ferre is considered to be an 'o' stem 3rd conjugation verb. For practical purposes ferre is irregular. | ||
1. Copy out this table and translate.
Translate the following sentences:
1. fero portam. 2. fers portam 3. fert portam 4. ferimus portam 5. fertis portam 6. ferunt portam 7. sum bonus 8. es bonus 9. est bonus 10. sumus bonī 11. estis bonī 12. sunt bonī 13. este bonī! 14. nolī currāre!
Answer the following questions:
15. What do the irregular verbs have in common with regular verbs? 16. Why do we use 'boni' in question 10, 11, and 12 but 'bonus' in question 7, 8 and 9?
Exercises:
1. Decline the following five nouns in both singular and plural number in the five common cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative):
| Singular | |||||||
| Nominative | nauta | ātrium | servus | dictātor | rēx | cornū | diēs |
| Accusative | |||||||
| Genitive | |||||||
| Dative | |||||||
| Ablative | |||||||
| Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | |||||||
| Accusative | |||||||
| Genitive | |||||||
| Dative | |||||||
| Ablative | |||||||
2. Conjugate the verb 'servāre' in both singular and plural number and all three persons.
3. Conjugate the verb 'esse', in both singular and plural number and all three persons.
4. Translate:
Nota Bene: Often Latin uses the present to indicate a 'vivid past'. It would be suitable to translate the following passage in the past tense.
Vocabulary:
heri: yesterday
taberna (1st declension feminine): tavern, shop
ad (+ accusative): to, at
solea (1st declension feminine): sandle
sic: and so
sōlus -a -um, alone (solum in this case functions as an abverb, modifying the verb)
casa, -ae: house, hut
quod: because
stō, stāre: to stand
Heri, ad tabernam eō. In tabernā sunt trēs rēs quārum amō duas sōleās et unam mensam. Habeō trēs denariōs, sīc ego emeō mensam sōlum quod sum nōn dīvīnitās. Hodiē, mensa est in casā meā. In triclīnio stat.
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