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This is a brief glossary of stylistic features often found in Latin especially in rhetoric and poetry.
Alliteration is a common poetic technique used in Latin from the earliest surviving fragments to the latest literary age. In alliteration there is a repetition of the initial consonantal letter.
| Latin | English |
| Caesar cum Cicerone | Caesar, with Cicero |
| Veni,Vidi,Vici | I came, I saw, I conquered |
| bellum bonum | good war |
Hyperbaton is the arranging of words in a particular manner to produce an effect. Hyperbaton is used often in Latin literature because Latin syntax is far more flexible than English.
| Latin |
| magnae periculo opes |
Analysis: The word 'periculo' separates the words 'magnae' and 'opes'.
Hendiadyon is a rhetorical and poetic technique that uses the juxtaposition of two or more words with a similar meaning to reinforce an idea.
Parallelism is a stylistic device common in Latin in which two sentences have similar syntax.
| Latin | English |
| Italia in Europa est. | Italy is in Europe. |
| Marcus ad scholam currit. | Marcus runs to school. |
Analysis: In both sentences the nominative is placed first and the principal verb is last.
Chiasmus is the reverse of parallelism, because syntactic structures are inverted. The name is from the Greek letter Chi which resembles an X and illustrates symmetrical crossing. A good example is the aphorism quod cibus est aliis, aliis est venenum, "What is food to some, to others is poison." The pattern is: noun, verb, pronoun; pronoun, verb, noun.
| Latin | English |
| Claudiam laudo | I praise Claudia. |
| Venio ad Marcum. | I come to Marcus. |
The negation of a verb instead of using an antonym is a poetical device known as litotes. Litotes is much weaker than simply using an antonym. Litotes is often used as underestimation.
| Latin | English |
| non ignorare | to not be ignorant of |
| As opposed to... | |
| tenere | to be knowledgable of |
The rhetorical figure called anaphora is often used in conjunction with parallelism where the first word in the first sentence of a paragraph or stanza is repeated in the following sentences. It is sometimes used where the initial word in a sentence must be understood in the clauses or sentences that follow.
| Latin | English |
| timeo, ne non pueri essent boni in schola | I dread that the boys are not good in school |
| [timeo is assumed], ne non puellae essent bonae domi | I dread that the girls are not good at home. |
An epiphora is a rhetorical device like anaphora except at the end of a sentence.
| Latin | English |
| Veni,vidi,vici | I came, I saw, I conquered |
As you can see, an Asyndeton is a multiple nummeration without the "et (and)"
This is a nummeration with et:
veni et vidi et vici
This means loads of conjuctions
This is a advanced technique, often used in ancient fabulae, by Aesop and others.
It means that the Plural is used to show "modestia", for example
"officium magnum e nostro est."
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