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.^ Desk for HNPLHF Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924.
^ Desk for HWGF8V Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924.
^ Desk for HNSCPH Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924.
.^ Two factors would have worked against Trotsky’s permanent revolution prediction in the absence of the conditions created by the First Imperialist War.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Thus Lenin and the Soviet state saved the working people of the country from starvation during the first years after the Revolution.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The new state apparatus was organised on the basis of the decisions taken at the Third All-Russia Congress of Soviets in January 1918.
.^ At the same time - and this is to be emphasized - Leninism emerged and developed as a summation of the experience of the worldwide, and not only Russian, working-class and national-liberation and anti-colonialist movements.
^ LOCATION:: Russian Res Ctr: Slav 1714.516.265; Widener: Slav 1714.516.265 Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924.
^ In his three years in Siberia Lenin wrote more than thirty works, all of which are of great theoretical and political significance.
[1]
Early life and background
Infancy: V.I. Ulyanov, aged three.
.^ I’m Lenin,” Vladimir Ilyich said mildly.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin was baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Vladimir Illich Ulyanov (later known as Lenin) was born in Simbirsk, Russia, on 10th April, 1870.
[2][3] Later, the USSR renamed Simbirsk as
Ulyanovsk.
.^ In 1869 he was appointed inspector and subsequently director of state schools in Simbirsk Gubernia.
^ Ilya was the inspector of primary schools for the Simbirsk province around the time Vladimir was born.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Born in Simbirsk, Russian Empire (now Ulyanovsk), Lenin was the son of Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov , a Russian official in public education who worked for progressive democracy and free universal education in Russia, and Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Yet, Tsarist cultural mores defined the Ulyanov family stock as "ethnically mixed" — "
Mordovian,
Kalmyk,
Jewish (cf.
.^ What sense is there in talking about the proletariat being isolated from the other classes when the point at issue is the proletariat's struggle against the bourgeoisie, revolution against the bourgeoisie?- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ But their knowledge does not prevent other politically inexperienced people from being attracted to Trotskyism because of the revisionist, right-deviation which has plagued the communist movement for such a long time.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin's antecedents were Russian, Kalmyk (Mongol), Jewish, German and Swedish, and possibly others, symbolizing Russian history, as it were: a Slavic beginning, Asiatic expansion, a Jewish accretion to the national intellect, and German or Western European culture.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
), and instilled readiness to struggle for higher ideals, a free society, and equal rights. Subsequently, excepting Olga (dead at age 19), every Ulyanov child became a
revolutionary.
[4]
.^ A group of students had attempted to assassinate the tsar, Alexander III, on March 1st.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ His brother Alexander Ulyanov was one of the group.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Shoud this be seen this only as a reaction to terror against Bolshevik including Lenin himself - attempts to assassinate hims?- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[5] .^ The authorities banished Lenin to the village of Kokushkino, now Lenino, 40 km from Kazan.
) from
.^ The Second Congress of the RSDLP united the revolutionary Marxist organisations and set up a working-class party on the basis of the ideological, political and organisational principles worked out by Lenin.
^ In mapping out the course for a socialist revolution, Lenin took into consideration the fact that Russia had the material and socio-political requisites for it to succeed.
^ One of them, a revolutionary trend, was represented by Lenin and his supporters who received a majority of votes at the elections to the leading Party bodies, and came to be called Bolsheviks.
.^ Eventually he was allowed to study law at Kazan University.
^ Lenin was now expelled from Kazan University and so he went to St. Petersburg and studied as an external student.
^ To continue his education, Lenin decided to enroll at Kazan University's Department of Law, as he was convinced that "it is the time now to study law and political economy."
.^ On December 4, 1887, the Kazan papers carried the news of student riots in Moscow.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ After that he was under continuous police surveillance.
^ While at university Lenin became involved in politics.
[6] .^ To continue his education, Lenin decided to enroll at Kazan University's Department of Law, as he was convinced that "it is the time now to study law and political economy."
^ In Samara, he organised its first Marxist study group, to whose members he read a number of papers.
.^ Lenin was now expelled from Kazan University and so he went to St. Petersburg and studied as an external student.
^ This was Sasha’s room, now empty, for his brother had left for the University nearly three years before.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He then also joined the anarcho- syndicalist IWW three years later.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
[7] .^ She taught her knowledge of the following languages respectively, German, French, and English.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The political refugee Ulyanov, a man of remarkable intelligence, could speak and write German, English and French fluently.
^ Highly gifted and diligent, and well prepared at home, he made excellent progress, and showed a keen interest in literature, history and languages, including Latin and Greek.
In the 1917 revolutionary period, he relied upon
Inessa Armand to translate an article of his into French and English; and wrote to S. N. Ravich in Geneva, "I am unable to lecture in French".
[9]
Revolutionary
Lenin practised law in the Volga River port of
Samara for a few years, mostly land-ownership cases, from which he derived political insight to the Russian peasants' socio-economic condition;
[10] in 1893, he moved to
St Petersburg, and practised
revolutionary propaganda.
.^ He founded "The League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class" which by the autumn of 1895 became the leading Social-Democratic organisation in the Russian capital.
^ Many Russian cities, apart from the capital, now had their revolutionary Marxist organisations.
^ The Second Congress of the RSDLP united the revolutionary Marxist organisations and set up a working-class party on the basis of the ideological, political and organisational principles worked out by Lenin.
.^ Lenin moved to St. Petersburg in 1893.
^ She, too, had been arrested for her revolutionary work and had been imprisoned in St. Petersburg.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin was kept for fourteen months in solitary confinement.
[11] .^ Vladimir Ilyich had been in the remote Siberian village of Shushenskoye for exactly a year now and had spent fourteen months in prison before being exiled.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Rural Russian scenes - forested mountains - lakes - farms - village of Shushenskoye in Siberia where Lenin exiled?- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I set out for the village of Shushenskoye near the Yenisei, a great Siberian river.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ The national regions, he observed, were still more rustic than Russia, and thus a still more cautious approach had to be used in the effort to introduce socialism there, in short, a still more tolerant and lenient attitude to the petty bourgeoisie, the intelligentsia, and, especially the peasantry there.
^ The differences between orthodox Marxists who were educated by Plekhanov and, on the other hand, the Economists who gravitated to the newspaper "Rabochaya Mysl" were principled and clear.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ There was the Swiss Socialist Fritz Platten, who had helped Lenin and his comrades to return home to Russia when the revolution had begun.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Nadezhda Krupskaya joined Lenin in Shushenskoye and they married in July, 1898.
^ July 17 , 1935 ), Irish nationalist , critic, poet , painter and Theosophist who wrote under the pseudonym Russell at the Online Books Page (University of Pennsylvania) Works by George William Russell at Project Gutenberg AE at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database 1868 George Arliss (d.- *�* Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine | Book of Days | April 10 |Megalesia final day, William Booth, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Clubfoot, Passion ofChrist Kiama Blowhole Afghan tragedy 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.wilsonsalmanac.com [Source type: General]
^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
[11].^ While away from Russia Lenin learned about the working-class movement in Western Europe and met two prominent Socialists of the time, Paul Lafargue and Wilhelm Liebknecht.
^ There had been an unending wave of strikes in Russia, and Bolsheviks often travelled to Geneva to consult Vladimir Ilyich.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ (Wheelock, of course, was doing exactly the sort of theoretical work that Lenin did in Russia when he examined the development of capitalist agriculture.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ Besides the articles Vladimir Ilyich wrote for Iskra, he wrote books on politics and the revolutionary struggle.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ This same Dyelo Naroda , Chernov's newspaper, the organ of the "Socialist-Revolutionary" Party, which on September 30 has the effrontery to advise the workers and peasants to "be patient", was obliged to admit in a leading article on September 29: .- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ He dealt with the question in his book, published in a hectographed form in 1894, and entitled What the 'Friends of the People' Are and How They Fight the Social-Democrats .
.^ Marxism-Leninism knows of no other way for the working class to hold on to political power.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin was deeply influenced by the revolutionary political views of his older brother, Alexander Ulyanov , who introduced him to the ideas of Karl Marx .
^ Vladimir Ulyanov, the child who was born in the town of Simbirsk on the Volga that day, grew up to be the great Lenin.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[3]
.^ MENSHEVIK. Member of the right (social-democratic) minority wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party.
^ Staged 1903 London Party Congress w/ Mensheviks & Bolsheviks split.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In 1918, the Bolshevik Party's Central Committee had 15 members.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ To teach theory to party workers, in 1911 Lenin organised at Longjumeau, outside Paris, a party school, where he gave more than fifty lectures.
^ The opportunists led by Martov assailed Lenin's principles of party organisation, and proposed that party membership be open to all who wished to join, without demanding from them observance of the norms of party life and party discipline or active involvement in the work of party organisations.
^ The Central Party Archives of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism has a copy of this book that belonged to Lenin with his note to the librarian: "Keep on the shelf.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Exile: "Here resided, from 21 February 1916 to 2 April 1917, Lenin, the leader of the Russian Revolution" (memorial plaque, Lenin's residence,
Zurich, 2008)
.^ In mapping out the course for a socialist revolution, Lenin took into consideration the fact that Russia had the material and socio-political requisites for it to succeed.
^ When Lenin returned to Russia on 3rd April, 1917, he announced what became known as the April Theses .
^ Though Lenin was excited at the prospect of returning to Russia, Rahja remained calm.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[12] .^ The land revolution in Russia: being a speech on the land question / by Lenin in December 1918, together with the two fundamental land decrees of the Russian Soviet Republic.
^ When Vladimir Ilyich and a large group of revolutionaries had been in forced exile in Geneva before the revolution a young revolutionary named Lydia Fotiyeva had arrived there from Russia.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin had to flee Russia; in December 1907, dodging police sleuths, he walked, at great risk, across the as yet thin ice of the Gulf of Finland towards a place where a steamer was to pick him up and take him to Stockholm.
[12] .^ The victory of the Great October Revolution is a victory of Leninism.
^ The Russian revolution, by V. I. Lenin and Joseph Stalin; writings and speeches from the February revolution to the October revolution, 1917.
^ Certain features of the historical development of Marxism: The historical destiny of the doctrine of Karl Marx ; Karl Marx / V.I. Lenin.
[13][14]
.^ The view of Trotskyism as a pseudo-left rival of Marxism-Leninism can be established, firstly, around the question of the Russian revolution and the position Trotsky adopted towards it.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Animated painting of Lenin & Sun-Yan Sen, Russian newspaper articles w/ Lenin's articles about China s war & revolution.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Thus, Bukharin - the author of the Stalin constitution of 1936 - said: We found ourselves in the accursed ranks of the counter-revolution, we became traitors to Socialist Fatherland .- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The Prague conference in January 1912 proclaimed the Bolsheviks alone to be the Party.
^ At the Prague conference Lenin suggested that Roman Malinovsky should join the Bolshevik Central Committee.
^ Lenin directed the activities of the Party Central Committee and edited Pravda , now the party's central organ.
.^ At the same time, like other Bolsheviks, including Lenin, Stalin believed that terror was a legitimate political weapon.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Thus, it is clear that, like Lenin and other Bolshevik leaders, Stalin's ultimate aim was collectivization of the land and industrialization.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ One is Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, the other is Martov, the Menshevik leader.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ What more evidence is needed to demonstrate that contained within Trotskyism, particularly early Trotskyism, there is an underestimating of the role of the peasantry, alien to Leninism?- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
. . we still have no evidence that they were sexually intimate".
[15]
.^ The First World War had broken out in August 1914.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ After World War II and the imposition of communism on most of Eastern Europe.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Lenin was appalled by the decision of most socialists in Europe to support the war effort.
.^ German Social-Democrat, whom, incidentally, Lenin criticised for his middle-of-the-road position during and after the First World War, wrote of Lenin in 1924: "I had occasion to work with Lenin at international congresses in the prewar days.
^ Lenin is the author of the first motion and Martov the second.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ The Social-Democrats have built a proletarian party which will not be disheartened by the failure of the first armed onslaught, will not lose its head, nor be carried away by adventures.
.^ Russian Civil war fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Russian Civil War, fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Two factors would have worked against Trotsky’s permanent revolution prediction in the absence of the conditions created by the First Imperialist War.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
.^ Soon after he and his wife again moved to neutral Switzerland.
^ In that same month of August 1914, Lenin presented his theses on the tasks of revolutionary Social-Democracy in the war in Europe, which were adopted as a resolution by the Berne group of Bolshevik emigrants.
^ Despite war-time difficulties, Lenin started the systematic publication of the paper Sotsial-Demokrat , contacted party organisations inside Russia and directed their work.
[16]
.^ The imperialist war: the struggle against social-chauvinism and social-pacifism, 1914-1915.
^ The same fate awaited the forces led by General Piotr N. Krasnov , leader of the Don Cossacks against the Bolsheviks in the Civil War.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ War Communism was an emergency policy that was adopted because of the tremendous difficulties resulting from the Civil War, from imperialist intervention and blockade.
.^ I have indicated this many times since April 4, 1917; it is dealt with in the resolutions of Bolshevik conferences and also in Bolshevik literature.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Only next day did I appreciate the significance of the tremendous work Lenin had done, especially after I had analysed the conference he had called of representatives of working-class organisations, district Soviets factory committees, trade unions and army units.- Nikolai Podvoisky, Lenin in October 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.hartford-hwp.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin dictated his Letter to the Congress of the Party on December 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 1922 and January 4, 1923 (see present edition, Vol.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[17]
.^ In 1916 he wrote Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism .
^ Imperialism, the latest stage in the development of capitalism / translated by J. T. Kozlowski.
^ "In December 1916, Vladimir Lenin, in Zurich, was under surveillance.- *�* Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine | Book of Days | April 10 |Megalesia final day, William Booth, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Clubfoot, Passion ofChrist Kiama Blowhole Afghan tragedy 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.wilsonsalmanac.com [Source type: General]
.^ The First World War had broken out in August 1914.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The intervention of the imperialist war of 1914-18 changed Lenin’s calculations.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin's line of peaceful coexistence of states with different social systems does not preclude, but, on the contrary, presupposes competition between socialism and capitalism, the carrying on of the class struggle in all forms in the capitalist countries, the furtherance of the national-liberation movement waged by the oppressed peoples against imperialism, and support from the socialist state for the world revolutionary process.
.^ This refers to A. G. Mikhailovsky's memorandum on the country's financial and economic position and the theses by A. M. Krasnoshchokov, Deputy People's Commissar for Finance, on the financing of industry.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The contradiction between socialism in one country and international capitalism could be manipulated and turned into a non-antagonistic contradiction on the economic plain to some extent.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Kautsky, the world's leading Marxist during this period, stated that "socialism and the class struggle arise side by side and not one out of the other; each arises under different conditions.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ This is to say that pursuing the former did not mean opposing the latter as is claimed in Trotskyite ideology, which demands ‘ either’ support for socialism in one country, ‘or’ support for world revolution .- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
.^ Marx predicted the growing misery of working people, and Lenin foresaw the subordination of the production of goods to financial capital’s accumulation of profits based on the purchase and sale of paper instruments.- Paul Craig Roberts: Marx and Lenin Reconsidered 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.counterpunch.org [Source type: News]
^ The objective development of history is such that "it is impossible" to advance from state-monopoly capitalism "without advancing to socialism."
^ Imperialism, the latest stage in the development of capitalism / translated by J. T. Kozlowski.
[18][19][20]
.^ Indeed, as Lenin said, "an immediate transfer of all power to the Soviets would make civil war in Russia impossible."
^ But they were a minority, and, believe me, they were not leftists in any way, but very keen supporters of USA imperialism, including calls to NATO attack Russia!- ZNet - Legacy of 1989 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.zmag.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Trotsky had the difficult task of trying to end Russian participation in the First World War without having to grant territory to the Central Powers .
[21]
Russian return
Historic artefact: Lenin's locomotive to the Finland Station, in April 1917.
Revolutionary alias: Vilén, Lenin bewigged and clean shaven, Finland, 11 August 1917.
.^ Good 1917 Russian Revolution footage.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Tsar Nicholas II at balcony of palace.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Russian Civil war fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ This something was the 1914-1918 imperialist war.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ The political refugee Ulyanov, a man of remarkable intelligence, could speak and write German, English and French fluently.
^ All of us, including Lenin, were of the impression that the Germans had come to an agreement with the Allies about crushing the Soviets, and that a peace on the western front was to be built on the bones of the Russian revolution.
.^ This document is not a criticism of Trotsky for having differences with Lenin, but rather a criticism of the superficial claim of Trotskyites that Trotskyism is the continuation of Leninism.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ In the articles leading up to the convention, Lenin continuously pointed to the example of Kautsky's party in Germany as something Russian socialists should emulate.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ "The dictatorship of the proletariat," Lenin said, "would not work except through the Communist Party."
.^ When Lenin returned to Russia on 3rd April, 1917, he announced what became known as the April Theses .
^ The Lenin of the ‘April Theses’ came to the very opposite conclusion to Trotskyism.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin, instructions issued to the Bolsheviks on 6th November, 1917.
[22][23] .^ Kerensky head of provisional government.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On July 4, 1917 the workers and soldiers of Petrograd came out into the streets.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ On 8th July, 1917, Alexander Kerensky became the new leader of the Provisional Government .
[26] .^ Lenin accused those Bolsheviks who were still supporting the Provisional Government of betraying socialism and suggested that they should leave the party.
^ The Bolsheviks , who controlled these organizations, agreed to this request, but Lenin made clear they would be fighting against Kornilov rather than for Kerensky.
^ Lenin welcomed these developments and it became clear to Alexander Kerensky that the Bolshevik posed a real threat to his government.
[27] Aleksandr Kerensky, Grigory Aleksinsky, and other opponents, also accused the Bolsheviks, especially Lenin — of being Imperial German
agents provocateur; on 17 July,
Leon Trotsky defended them:
[28]
An intolerable atmosphere has been created, in which you, as well as we, are choking.
.^ Of course, we cannot tell how Lenin, had he lived, or how Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev or Bukharin, would have ruled the USSR if they had won the struggle for power .- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Thus Lenin and the Soviet state saved the working people of the country from starvation during the first years after the Revolution.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In his three years in Siberia Lenin wrote more than thirty works, all of which are of great theoretical and political significance.
^ For instance, Lenin could remark, only five years before the outbreak of the 1917 revolution, that Trotsky was ‘shielding’ the deeds of the opportunists by .- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
.^ Many of his works deal with agrarian problems under capitalism, and the role of the peasants in the working people's movement against social oppression.
And we cannot but cherish a hatred for German militarism . . .
.^ Theoretically and politically, the struggle against bureaucracy by the Leninist leadership of the party began as a struggle against Trotsky, who, after the civil war, had called for the militarisation of labour.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
This everybody knows. Let nobody in this hall say that we are hirelings of Germany.
[29]
.^ The Provisional Government has outlawed you.” .- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Provisional Government arrested.
^ In his speech from the rostrum later, Lenin declared that the Bolshevik Party "is ready to take over full power at any moment".- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ The provisional revolutionary government and social-democracy.
^ Veteran Bolshevik V.A. Karpinsky wrote the following about Lenin as a revolutionary leader: "Unerringly determining the alignment of the class forces and the aims that each class sought, he foresaw developments, correctly charted party policy and tactics, boldly advanced new slogans, and even named the latest possible day on which the Party must mount the decisive action."
^ "After the July days," Lenin recalled later, "thanks to the extremely solicitous attention with which the Kerensky government honoured me, I was obliged to go underground.
[30] .^ Thus Lenin and the Soviet state saved the working people of the country from starvation during the first years after the Revolution.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ After the bourgeois-democratic revolution of February 1917 was Minister of Agriculture in the First and Minister of Finance in the Second Provisional Government.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The Congress also formed a government, the Council of People’s Commissars, and elected Vladimir Ilyich Lenin its Chairman.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[31]
.^ After the bourgeois-democratic revolution of February 1917 was Minister of Agriculture in the First and Minister of Finance in the Second Provisional Government.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Moreover, they published an article in a Menshevik newspaper which disclosed the time and place of the Bolshevik uprising, revealing the plans to the Provisional Government.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ It enacted Lenin's Decrees on Peace and on Land, formed the Soviet government - the Council of People's Commissars - with Lenin at its head, and appointed the All-Russia Central Executive Committee.
[32] .^ In the conditions of dual power then obtaining in Russia, the call of "All Power to the Soviets!'
^ Statue of Lenin outside Smolny Institute.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Provisional Government had been stripped of all its power, yet its ministers had locked themselves in the Winter Palace.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
Head of government
Head of government: Lenin working in the Kremlin, 1918.
.^ The war had ended in most of the country.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The results of this low cultural level is that the Soviets, which by virtue of their programme are organs of government by the working people, are in fact organs of government for the working people by the advanced section of the proletariat, but not the working people as a whole…’ (V.I. Lenin: ibid.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ The country had come out of the war victorious and had put an end to hunger and starvation.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[34]
.^ The First World War had broken out in August 1914.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Wells had been just in his analysis of the situation: it was not the Bolsheviks but the tsarist government, the Russian and foreign capitalists who had brought Russia to this terrible state.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Their husbands and sons were fighting at the fronts and dying for nothing, for the First World War dragged on and on.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ One is Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, the other is Martov, the Menshevik leader.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ The Russian and other peoples have been plunged into war,” Vladimir Ilyich said.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin particularly admired Chernyshevsky for his intellectual power, who as inspirer and leader of the Russian revolutionaries of the 1860s, was close in thought to Marx.
.^ Meanwhile the "Left Communists" demanded that Soviet Russia declare a "revolutionary war" on the imperialists, arguing that ths would spur revolution in Germany and elsewhere.
^ In other words, to have attempted, or advocated Trotsky’s permanent revolution theory in the absence of the conditions created by the war would have led to the certain defeat of the working class.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
.^ Trotsky put forward the adventuriistic slogan of "nether peace nor war"; he asserted that the Germans would not advance into Russia and proposed that the war be declared over and the army demobilised, but that no treaty be signed.
^ Two factors would have worked against Trotsky’s permanent revolution prediction in the absence of the conditions created by the First Imperialist War.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Then the German generals, meeting no resistance, led their armies into the heart of Russia, moving ever closer to the capital.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ In the Central Committee, the majority voted for Lenin's proposals and a peace treaty with Germany was signed on March 3, 1918.
^ The Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was formally signed on 23 March 1918.
^ On 15 December 1917, the new revolutionary government of Soviet Russia signed an armistice with Germany, and on 22 December negotiations for a peace treaty began at Brest-Litovsk.
Because of the German threat Lenin moved the Soviet Government from Petrograd to
Moscow on 10-11 March 1918.
[35] [36]
.^ Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries will support a purely Bolshevik government.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ They in effect made the Soviets hand over power to the bourgeois Provisional Government, which was later joined by representatives of the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries.
^ After the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries had failed to set up a "homogeneous socialist government", in which the opponents of the proletarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship would have constituted a decisive majority, they pinned their hopes on the Constituent Assembly, elections to which were held in November, but on the basis of lists of candidates that the deposed Provisional Government had compiled still before the revolution.
.^ On 15 December 1917, the new revolutionary government of Soviet Russia signed an armistice with Germany, and on 22 December negotiations for a peace treaty began at Brest-Litovsk.
^ Social Revolutionaries (Left Wing): Twelve members, of whom ten are Jews and two are Russians.- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Social Revolutionaries (Right Wing): Fifteen members, of whom 13 are Jews and two are Russians (Kerenski, who may be of Jewish origin, and Tchaikovski).- Jew Watch - Jewish Leaders - Vladimir Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC jewwatch.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries will support a purely Bolshevik government.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ The organisation joined the Bolshevik Party in 1917.
^ That a rot had set in among the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks after the July days and before the Kornilov days is also proved by the growth of the Left wings in both parties, reaching almost 40 per cent: this is "retribution" for the persecution of the Bolsheviks by the Kerenskys.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
A contemporary's view: Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), drawing by
Nikolai Bukharin, 31 March 1927.
.^ Lenin s GOELRO Plan for recovery of USSR & electrification.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Hospital w/ nurses & patients including mother & child in bedrooms - narration re free health care.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The experience of socialist construction has confirmed the importance of combining centralised economic planning and guidance by the socialist state with the participation of the masses in economic management, and with guarantees of the rights and free initiative of local agencies and enterprises.
[37] .^ The land revolution in Russia: being a speech on the land question / by Lenin in December 1918, together with the two fundamental land decrees of the Russian Soviet Republic.
^ It enacted Lenin's Decrees on Peace and on Land, formed the Soviet government - the Council of People's Commissars - with Lenin at its head, and appointed the All-Russia Central Executive Committee.
^ Thus, it is clear that, like Lenin and other Bolshevik leaders, Stalin's ultimate aim was collectivization of the land and industrialization.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Workers could request measures resolving problems, but had to abide the leader's ultimate decision.
.^ It was frequently used to accuse people of "wrecking," in order to punish managers and sometimes workers, who failed to fulfill production plans - no matter for what reason.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Managers, who were party members, drove the workers relentlessly because they risked prison and deportation, or even death for "sabotage" if production targets were not met.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ On workers' control and the nationalisation of industry.
^ Lenin wrote of this volunteer work without pay for the benefit of the state in his article “A Great Beginning”, calling it the actual beginning of a communist attitude to labour.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ "The Bolsheviks," Lenin emphasized, "can and must take state power into their own hands."
Lenin resolved that problem by licencing (for a month) all workers of most factories; thus historian S.A. Smith's observation: "By the end of the
civil war, not much was left of the democratic forms of industrial administration promoted by the
factory committees in 1917, but the government argued that this did not matter since industry had passed into the ownership of a workers' state."
.^ A prerequisite for this, said Lenin, would be the establishment in these countries of a government that truly represented the interests of the people, a revolutionary democracy, and cooperation between these countries and the socialist states.
^ Section 5 dealt with inciting a foreign state to declare war on the USSR. One wonders what private Soviet citizens could be guilty of that?- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In them Lenin outlined the basic principles of the party's policy in the struggle to effect a victorious socialist revolution and establish the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
.^ Lenin closely followed revolutionary developments in the West.
^ "Experience has proved," Lenin wrote in 1920, in speaking of both the Russian revolution and the post-October development of the world revolutionary process.
Establishing the Cheka
.^ Good 1917 Russian Revolution footage.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Cheka (abbreviation of Vecheka , first name of the security police), was created as early as December 1917.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Whereas the premise of Lenin is the concrete situation created by the imperialist war, for Trotsky the premise is the abstraction of ‘permanent revolution’.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
[38] .^ "Formally, the Bolsheviks have now revived the slogan 'All Power to the Soviets'.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Sverdlov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, had come down with influenza.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ After the October Revolution, Lenin observed, even bourgeois newspapers were not shut down, and there was no thought at all of terror.
. . .";
[39] non-Bolshevik soviets were disbanded; anti-soviet newspapers were closed until
Pravda (
Truth) and
Izvestia (
The News) established their communications monopoly.
.^ Now we have our own workers’ revolutionary paper!” he thought.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Bolsheviks, or what became known as Marxism-Leninism, had opponents on the right and ‘left’ of the revolutionary movement.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ I am not absolutely certain how to buy into the current theater chains or how a Murdock could finance his own, but if accomplished, artists would no longer have to capitulate to the only game in town who enforce leftist ideology.- Big Hollywood » Blog Archive » High Noon at the Red River 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC bighollywood.breitbart.com [Source type: General]
[41] Said Lenin: "A Good Communist is also a good
Chekist."
[41]
Combating anti-Semitism
Ant-Semitism: Jewish children killed in a 1905 pogrom in Yekaterinoslav (
Dnipropetrovsk).
.^ The alternative view held by Lenin was that unions should be schools of communism, and also a transmission mechanism between the party and the masses of working people.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin addresses crowd from balcony; CU smiling crowd wave hats to camera; Lenin s speech heard [genuine recording]; soldiers lined up.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The truth of history as interpreted by Lenin and his own ideas and theories which he forcefully presented in his speeches and writings came home with irrepressible force to the party rank and file and through them to the masses, rousing them to assault Russia's outdated capitalism.
During the
Khrushchev era (1953–64), seven were published, but, significantly, the suppressed eighth speech delineated the Lenin’s opposition to
anti-Semitism:
[42]
.^ Naturally, the tsarist government could not stand for Lenin and his comrades-in-arms conducting a struggle against the tsar and the capitalist system under their very noses.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ This was a book about how the capitalists and rich peasants called kulaks were becoming more and more rich and powerful in Russia, while the workers and peasants were becoming poorer and more oppressed.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The Mensheviks and the bourgeoisie tried their best to confuse the workers and the peasants.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Nor could it be known beforehand that the opportunists would dominate the first stage of the revolution through the Soviets of workers and peasants and work with the provisional government against the democratic revolution.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
. . .
.^ "If you are going to expel all the not very obedient but clever people, and retain only the obedient fools, you will most assuredly ruin the party."- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ All in all, is it not a bit strange that one more time you (and Chomsky) believe in what USA government tells you about Chechnia, while do NOT believe the same people about Iraq , but one more time believe about Iran :( .- ZNet - Legacy of 1989 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.zmag.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Only a socialist revolution that would establish a proletarian dictatorship could do that, and only a socialist revolution could give the people peace which was the most urgent question at that time.
. . .
.^ Many talented commanders had come up from the ranks of the working people when the enemy had invaded the country.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Vladimir Ilyich referred to the health of people who worked especially hard for the government as state property.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ They have to trick the soldiers and the workers into believing that they are defending their countries, while actually they are defending the capitalists’ profits.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We awakened the faith of the millions upon millions of workers of all countries in their own strength and kindled the fires of enthusiasm in them."
^ We can agree to only one meaning of the term "country-wide", namely, that which breaks the resistance of the capitalists, which gives all power to the majority of the people, i.e., the proletarians and semi-proletarians, the workers and the poor peasants.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ The working people are donating all they have.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ All class-conscious workers, all the active and honest peasants, all working and exploited people, will do everything they can to solve the immense historic question in practice.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ They are the claims of the working people, the claims of the cheated and oppressed nationalities.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
.^ ''It was the Anglo-French and the American bourgeoisie," Lenin wrote in his "Letter to American Workers", "who refused to accept our proposal; it was they who even refused to talk to us about a general peace!
^ They would have to work like everyone else, for the country’s motto was: “He who does not work neither shall he eat.” .- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ He pointed out that the main contradiction of this epoch was that between socialism and capitalism, and that the struggle between these two systems determined "world political developments".
.^ "The capitalist world has reached a stage of putrid decomposition; already people are beginning to be poisoned with the venom of chauvinism and nationalism."
^ In all its work it is guided by Marxism, which gives a scientific explanation of the laws of social development, and which shows the surest road to emancipation of the working people from social and national oppression and to socialism and communism.
^ Over there - conflict, war, bloodshed, the sacrifice of millions of people, capitalist exploitation; here - a genuine policy of peace and a socialist Republic of Soviets."
. .
.^ This was a book about how the capitalists and rich peasants called kulaks were becoming more and more rich and powerful in Russia, while the workers and peasants were becoming poorer and more oppressed.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ We awakened the faith of the millions upon millions of workers of all countries in their own strength and kindled the fires of enthusiasm in them."
^ Hundreds of ciphered letters came to him from all over Russia, from Russian workers and Iskra agents.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
. . Shame on accursed
Tsarism, which
tortured and persecuted the Jews.
.^ Not only did Stalin do his best to persuade others to follow this model, he used state terrorism to eliminate those who refused to conform.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Aside from those who starved to death, some 4 million Ukrainians were deported to labor camps in Siberia or to other forced labor, e.g.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[43]
Failed assassinations
.^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev, in his secret speech to the 20th Congress of the CPSU in February 1956, confirmed that Lenins Testament .
^ On January 1, 1918, an attempt was made on Lenin's life, but he escaped unhurt.
. . Platten's hand was covered in blood, having been grazed by a bullet as he was shielding Lenin".
[44]
.^ I do speak a little Italian,” Lenin replied in Italian.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ On August 30, 1918, when he came out of the gates of a factory after addressing a meeting there and was about to get into his car, the Socialist-Revolutionary terrorist Kaplan shot at and seriously wounded him.
The first bullet struck an arm, the second bullet struck his jaw and neck, and the third bullet missed him — and wounded the woman with whom he was speaking; the wounds felled him, unconscious.
[45] .^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ Shoud this be seen this only as a reaction to terror against Bolshevik including Lenin himself - attempts to assassinate hims?- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Trotsky treated this danger lightly, but he agreed to sign the peace if Lenins fears proved justified.
.^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ Stalin seems to have interpreted this as a call for his assassination, but the Politburo refused his proposal that Ryutin be shot.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ While in Berne, Lenin wrote a book on imperialism in which he explained why the capitalists could not survive without predatory wars.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ He was reading a paper and waiting for his stop, which was Beloostrov Station.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ As soon as he learned of the February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia, Lenin set about analysing it and charting the tasks of the working class and its party.
^ That night the Central Committee of the Party called an emergency meeting and adopted an appeal To the Party, to All Working People , which was broadcast the next morning.
. . ."; despite unharmed lungs, the neck wound did spill blood into a lung.
[46][47]
.^ They’re against the Soviet State.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ The fishermen knew that the Russian they were escorting was a revolutionary, an active fighter against the tsar.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
Historian
Richard Pipes reports that "the impression one gains . . . is that the Bolsheviks deliberately underplayed the event to convince the public that, whatever happened to Lenin, they were firmly in control". Moreover, in a letter to his wife (7 September 1918),
Leonid Borisovich Krasin, a Tsarist and Soviet régime
diplomat, describes the
public atmosphere and social response to the failed assassination on 30 August, and Lenin's survival:
.^ As Lenin said: "Proletarian democracy is a million times more democratic than any bourgeois democracy; Soviet power is a million times more democratic than the most democratic bourgeois republic."
^ In his three years in Siberia Lenin wrote more than thirty works, all of which are of great theoretical and political significance.
^ It was this issue more than the original fight over Lenin and Martov's rival motions which precipitated the split.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
.^ Lenin would say, “I think we should do this or that.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Each and every one wondered what Lenin would say in his speech.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin would not succumb to his illness.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Everything will be all right.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They often brought often their own political experiences to bear on the formation of new organizations--as they should have.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ But they all possessed a working-man’s sense of what was right and what was wrong.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[48]
.^ But Lenin had been gravely wounded by poisoned bullets and his life was in danger.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ In his three years in Siberia Lenin wrote more than thirty works, all of which are of great theoretical and political significance.
^ Thus it was that I wrote three stories about Vladimir Ilyich as a young man before I undertook my most important book V. I. Lenin.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[49]
Red Terror
Comrade Lenin Cleanses the Earth of Filth
.^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ Stalin seems to have interpreted this as a call for his assassination, but the Politburo refused his proposal that Ryutin be shot.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Kinoteca Excerpts Lenin Funeral - mass of people listen to speaker - Lenin lying in state and mourners - Lenin wife - sister - Stalin;.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
. . [against] . . . those responsible"; the
.^ Then he pointed out Felix Dzerzhinsky, the tall, thin, militant Bolshevik, and Nikolai Podvoisky, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Committee, a man with a frank, open face.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[50] .^ Leon Trotsky [no Lenin].- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In other words, when it comes to the question of opposing bureaucracy Trotsky was implicitly asking Communists to choose between his approach, and Lenin’s approach.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Thus, in the summer of 1918 Lenin signed a decree of the Council of People’s Commissars setting up Committees of Poor Peasants in the villages.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[52]However, according to
.^ The Russian and other peoples have been plunged into war,” Vladimir Ilyich said.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ And Trotsky, by demanding that a choice be made between his platform and the platform of the other side, Rudzutak’s, had turned the dispute into a factional one with dangerous consequences.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ In other words for Trotsky the contradiction between building socialism in one country and world capitalism, in the concrete context of the Soviet Union, was absolute.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
[53]
.^ Heated arguments flared up over Lenin's report on the party rules.
^ Of course, we cannot tell how Lenin, had he lived, or how Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev or Bukharin, would have ruled the USSR if they had won the struggle for power .- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ However, Trotsky disobeyed the instructions given by Lenin, the Central Committee of the Party and the Soviet Government.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[54] .^ The trade unions dispute of 1920-1921 was a three-corned struggle between Lenin’s grouping, the Trotsky, Bukharin group and the syndicalist grouping.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Of course, we cannot tell how Lenin, had he lived, or how Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev or Bukharin, would have ruled the USSR if they had won the struggle for power .- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In any society with antagonistic classes, said Lenin, the state is a dictatorship of the ruling class; that is, the state represents the power of this ruling class which is bolstered up by armed force.
[55][56]
.^ These workers would then come to the aid of the Russian working class, extending support to backward Russia, thus making the revolution permanent.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ Workers in foreign countries stopped their work.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Wells had been just in his analysis of the situation: it was not the Bolsheviks but the tsarist government, the Russian and foreign capitalists who had brought Russia to this terrible state.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[57] During the Russian Civil War, anti-Bolsheviks faced
torture and
summary execution, and by May 1919, there were some 16,000
enemies of the people imprisoned in the Tsarist
katorga labour camps; by September 1921 the prisoner populace exceeded 70,000.
[58][59][60][61][62][63]
.^ The Revolutionary Military Committee sent Bolshevik commissars to the sailors of the Baltic Fleet to tell them the truth about the bourgeois government and their commanding officers.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Vladimir Ilyich had been lecturing at this and at other workers’ circles, because he wanted to teach the workers about Marx’s ideas.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ But this did not alter the bourgeois character of this government which continued to pursue an anti-popular, imperialist policy.
.^ Actually, however, they testify to a profound faith in the strength and power of the working class, of the entire working people under the Communist Party's leadership, and in the triumph of socialism.
^ It has developed on the basis of public ownership of the means of production, a common economic, social, political and cultural way of life, the Marxist-Leninist ideology, and the interests and communist ideals of the working class.
^ Lenin had sanctioned terror as a legitimate political weapon against enemies of Bolshevism, including Mensheviks, S.Rs and rebellious peasants (Penza, 1919).- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
White Movement).
[64][65]
.^ Russian Civil war fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bolshevik revolution, civil war footage.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Russian Civil War, fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
. . put down all resistance with such brutality that they will not forget it for several decades. . . . The greater the number of representatives of the
reactionary clergy and reactionary
bourgeoisie we succeed in executing . . . the better."
[67] .^ Some historians estimate that 4- 7 million Ukrainians died as a result of Stalin's policy.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[68] .^ He had also crushed the Kronstadt revolt and proclaimed it to be a "White Guardist Plot."- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[69]
Civil War
Birth of the Communist Party: Trotsky, Lenin and
Kamenev at the II Party Congress in 1919.
.^ USSR dissappeared not because so much of USA imperialism as because lack of Russian civil society who can defend their common good interests :) not Gorbachev is to be blamed but Yeltsin's fraction and Russian society's passivity :) USA govt.- ZNet - Legacy of 1989 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.zmag.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Indeed, as Lenin said, "an immediate transfer of all power to the Soviets would make civil war in Russia impossible."
^ Lenin’s chief aim during this period of respite from the war was to firmly establish a new way of life for the people.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[70] .^ While in Berne, Lenin wrote a book on imperialism in which he explained why the capitalists could not survive without predatory wars.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin regarded the socialist system, represented then by the Soviet Republic, as the leading force in the struggle against imperialism.
^ The opportunism of Trotskyism consist in its not being prepared to fight Leninism openly, but having to pretend that it is ‘defending’ Leninism, while wearing a mask in the struggle against Leninism.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
[71]
.^ The peasants were revolting against war communism, i.e.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indeed, it was the security troops which attacked resisting peasants because the army was considered unreliable..- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ CU speaking MOS. 1961; Economic Diplomacy; Diplomat; Communism; Communist; Cold War; NOTE: Anti-communist narration.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The kulaks bided their time till the prices rose and then sold their grain at a great profit.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Only the top-most officials and members of the nomenklatura positioned themselves in such a way as to benefit from the return to the market.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
[72][73] .^ The Red Army had to be armed, it had to be clothed and fed.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Large Soviet Red Army banner w/ picture of Stalin & Lenin.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Poorly equipped Red army march past Lenin 02:07:26 May Day ?- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[74][75][76]
.^ Bolshevik revolution, civil war footage.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The peasants were revolting against war communism, i.e.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Indeed, as Lenin said, "an immediate transfer of all power to the Soviets would make civil war in Russia impossible."
.^ Lenin called this plan the New Economic Policy.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Results of the New Economic Policy for 1921-1922.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The New Economic Policy was to aid this large-scale construction programme.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
The NEP was his pragmatic recognition of the political and economic realities, despite being a tactical,
ideological retreat from the socialist ideal; later, the doctrinaire
Josef Stalin reversed the NEP in consolidating his control of the Communist Party and the USSR.
Later life and death
.^ Bolshevik revolution, civil war footage.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Russian Civil war fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Russian Civil War, fight in snow.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
About the man at his life’s end,
Volkogonov said:
“Lenin was involved in the challenges of delivering fuel into
Ivanovo-Vosnesensk . . . the provision of clothing for miners, he was solving the question of
.^ The work-book will cease to be the badge of the "common herd", a document of the "lower" orders, a certificate of wage-slavery.- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ A joint meeting of delegates of the Central Council of Factory Committees and of the initiative group of socialist engineers will be held within the next few days."- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ He began by saying that they hadn’t been employed at the factory since the day their comrades had sent them to work at the People’s Commissariat.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
. . all the while serving as an adviser to party functionaries almost continuously.”
At the end: V.I. Lenin in 1923.
.^ In 1917 Lenin wrote and argued the position that .- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ On 23 April 1922 Lenin underwent surgery to remove one of the bullets fired at him in an assassination attempt by the Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan on 30 August 1918.
^ Thus Lenin and the Soviet state saved the working people of the country from starvation during the first years after the Revolution.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[79] .^ While he rested the two women in the other room did not even venture to speak in whispers lest they waken him.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ They pleaded with him to lay aside all his worries about state affairs and forget about the articles he was writing in order to give his mind a complete rest.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
Upon returning to St. Petersburg in May 1922, Lenin suffered the first of three
strokes, which left him dumb for weeks, and severely hampered motion in his right side; by June, he had substantially recovered.
.^ Speech at the first All-union conference of Stakhanovites, delivered November 17, 1935.
^ In a speech delivered to the first OLAS conference on August 10, 1967, Castro denounced dogmatism: .- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ Three speeches about Lenin, one delivered during his lifetime, the others immediately after his death.
.^ And on 16 December, Lenin suffered: Two dangerous strokes.
^ The controversial document known as Lenins Testament was dictated between 23 and 31 December 1922, with a supplement dated 4 January 1923, after Lenin had already suffered four severe strokes which had adversely affected his brain function.
^ Commissar of Nationalities ; and (7) in 1922, General Secretary of the party, taking the post on Lenin's recommendation, after the latter had suffered his first stroke in May of that year.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In March 1923, he suffered the third stroke that rendered him
mute and bed-ridden until his death.
Leader and usurper: During Lenin’s sickness (1922–23), Stalin used this altered photograph as his
bona fides claim to leading the CPSU.
[80]
.^ Leon Trotsky [no Lenin].- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bukharin now teamed up with Kamenev and Zinoviev against Stalin.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ After hearing Lenin's report on the activities of the Council of People's Commissars, the report of Y.M. Sverdlov, Chairman of the All-Russia Central Executive Committee, and the report presented by J.V. Stalin, the People's Commissar for the Affairs of Nationalities, on the federal structure of the Soviet republic and its nationality policy, the Congress adopted "The Declaration of Rights of the Working and Exploited People" drafted by Lenin.
.^ In his "Testament" (really a letter to party leaders), Lenin wrote that Stalin should be removed from the post of General Secretary.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ That is why I suggest that the comrades think about a way of removing Stalin from that post.
^ Indeed, it was on Lenins proposal that in April 1922, after the Congress, the Central Committee elected Stalin to the highest post in the Party that of General Secretary: .
His phrasing,
"Сталин слишком груб", implies “personal rudeness, unnecessary roughness, lack of finesse”, flaws "intolerable in a Secretary-General".
.^ In 1924, the year of Lenin's death, Stalin published the pamphlet: Socialism in One Country.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ When the "Testament" was delivered by Nadezhda to the top party leaders and read by them at a meeting held during the 13th Party Congress, Stalin offered to resign.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nadezhda Konstantinovna read the letter aloud.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
.^ Lenin himself did not want it to be published and did not ask that it should be published.
^ Lenin would say, “I think we should do this or that.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Later, the Testament was published in Lenins Collected Works.
[82][83]
.^ January 21 he died.
^ Lenin died on January 21, 1924 at six o’clock in the evening in Gorki.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ The next day (January 21) Volodicheva asked for the following magazines to be sent to Lenin: Sotsialisticheski Vestnik No.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
In the four days that the Bolshevik Leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
lay in state, more than 900,000 mourners viewed his body in the
Hall of Columns; among the statesmen who expressed condolences to Russia (the USSR) was Chinese premier
Sun Yat-sen, who said:
The end: V.I. Lenin in 1923.
.^ But when, as Engels remarked in connection with the death of Karl Marx, these individuals embody the mind of the age and the hopes of a class, they become sacred for mankind and history.
^ Lenin spoke simply and sincerely of things that were of great importance to the thousands of Red Army men and their wives who were gathered in Red Square that day.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
You, Lenin, were an exception.
.^ Lenin taught us how to work as a team...This was the world's first and at that time the only university where the People's Commissars learned how to build worker and peasant power."
.^ A stable peace creates favourable conditions on the international scene for the building of a new society in the socialist countries and for the development of the entire revolutionary process.
You showed us the road of joint struggle . . .
.^ Now, when he was no longer living, the people crowded round the billboards, reading the short story of Lenin’s great life.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Yakovlev was a great patriot of his small people, oppressed by the tsarist government.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
[84]
"He alone could have found the way back to the causeway . . . The Russian people were left floundering in the bog. Their worst misfortune was his birth . . . their next worst his death."
[85]
.^ At the same time - and this is to be emphasized - Leninism emerged and developed as a summation of the experience of the worldwide, and not only Russian, working-class and national-liberation and anti-colonialist movements.
^ Lenin & Early Russian Scenes] Soviet officials inc.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ A salient feature of our time is the popular movement to preserve and strengthen peace and prevent another world war.
[86] .^ Vladimir Ilyich was interred on Sunday, January 27, 1924.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ [Lenin s Funeral] Brief shot Lenin s body carried out of house on stretcher by Party officials inc.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ On the morning of January 27 the casket with Lenin's remains was brought to the Red Square and placed on a specially erected podium.
[87]
Writings
Lenin the icon: A 1929
Laz language newspaper featuring Lenin's writing.
.^ I next wrote a book about a year of Lenin’s life in Shushenskoye.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Lenin on proletarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship.
^ In the autumn of 1918 he wrote The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky , in 1919 the articles A Great Beginning and Economics and Politics in the Era of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat , and in June 1920 his famous book 'Left Wing' Communism - An Infantile Disorder in which he summed up the Bolshevik experience and underscored its importance for the world communist movement.
[88] He simultaneously corresponded with comrades, allies, and friends, in Russia and world-wide. His known writings compose 54, 650-page volumes; the most influential are:
- What is to be Done? (1903) establishes that a revolution requires a professional vanguard party.
- Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916) explains why capitalism had not collapsed, as Marx had posited, presenting the First World War as a capitalist war for land, resources, and cheap labour.
- The State and the Revolution (1917) interprets the ideas of Marx and Engels, the October Revolution's theoretic basis, and opposes the social-democratic tendency as indecisive in effecting revolution.
- April Theses (1917) propose the socio-economic need for a socialist revolution.
- "Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder (1920) A sharp critique of the 'ultra-left'
Soviet censorship of Lenin
.^ For Lenin's correspondence with Stalin on the ship-repair programme see Collected Works , Vol.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Nowhere does Lenin suggest that democratic centralism applies to doctrine.- Lenin in context (by L. Proyect) 28 January 2010 0:16 UTC www.columbia.edu [Source type: Original source]
^ This refers to Lenin's letter to Stalin, copies of which were sent to Kamenev and Zinoviev (see Collected Works , Vol.- Journal of Lenin's Duty Secretaries 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marx2mao.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[91] They proposed them as proof that the Soviet fifth edition is incomplete, an interpretation dependant upon the notion of “Lenin’s Works”, because the Khrushchev-era edition contains documents considered "not for publication".
Post-mortem
Communist shrine: The Lenin Mausoleum,
Red Square, Moscow.
.^ In his "Testament" (really a letter to party leaders), Lenin wrote that Stalin should be removed from the post of General Secretary.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Visit of Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, President of the USSR Supreme Soviet, to France, July 4-6, 1989: documents and materials.
^ Unlike Leninism, Trotskyism remains trapped at the level of the general.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
[92] .^ The war had ended in most of the country.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ War had brought devastation and famine to Russia, yet the best food was set aside for the children.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ Despite war-time difficulties, Lenin started the systematic publication of the paper Sotsial-Demokrat , contacted party organisations inside Russia and directed their work.
.^ Moscow, high angle city streets, Red Square.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Triumph and Tragedv , New York, 1991.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Harold Shukman, New York, 1991.- http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch3.html 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC web.ku.edu [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Furthermore, also in 1991, after a contested vote, between Communists and liberals, the Leningrad government reverted the city's name to
St. Petersburg, whilst the surrounding
Leningrad Oblast remained so named;
[93] like-wise the city of
Ulyanovsk (V. I. Lenin's birthplace) remains so named.
Gyumri in
Armenia was named
Leninakan from 1924 to 1990,
Khujand in
Tajikistan Leninabad from 1936 to 1991.
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Триумф и Трагедия - И. В. Сталин: политический портрет. (Triumph and Tragedy - I. V. Stalin : A Political Portrait) Дмитрий Волкогонов (Dmitriy Volkogonov). Book 1, Part 1, PP. 95 - 114. Новости Publications. Moscow. 1989.
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005) Abingdon: Routledge p. 4.
- ^ a b Hill, Christopher, Lenin and the Russian Revolution (1971) Penguin Books:London p. 35.
- ^ Volkogonov, Dmitri (1994). Lenin – A New Biography. Free Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-02-933435-7.
- ^ Christopher Read (2005) Lenin: 16
- ^ Hill, Christopher, Lenin and the Russian Revolution (1971) Penguin Books:London p. 36.
- ^ Service, Robert. Lenin: A Biography. London: Pan. ISBN 0-330-49139-3.
- ^ Read, Christopher Lenin (2005) p. 18.
- ^ Danilov, Eugene (Moscow, 2007). Lenin: Secrets of Life and Death. Zebra E. p. 181. ISBN 978-5-17-043866-2.
- ^ J. Brooks and G. Chernyavskiy (2007) Lenin and the Making of the Soviet State. Bedford/St Martin's: Boston and New York
- ^ a b Lenin, V.I. (Written in 1896–1899; First printed in book form in March 1899; Published according to the text of the second edition, 1908). "The Development of Capitalism in Russia: The Process of the Formation of a Home Market for Large-Scale Industry". http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1899/devel/index.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ a b Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005) p. 81.
- ^ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/ess_leninscritique.html
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005) p. 86.
- ^ Harding, Neil, Lenin's Political Thought (1986), p. 250.
- ^ Clar, Ronald W. Lenin: the Man Behind the Mask (1988) p. 154.
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005) pp. 132–4.
- ^ Paul Bowles (2007) Capitalism. Pearson: Harlow: 93
- ^ Lenin, V. I., Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (2000) New Delhi: LeftWord Books p. 34
- ^ Christopher Read (2005) Lenin. London: Routledge: 116-26
- ^ Christopher Read (2005) Lenin. London: Routledge: 144
- ^ Moorehead, Alan, The Russian Revolution (1958) New York: Harper, pp. 183–87.
- ^ "April Theses". http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/apr/04.htm.
- ^ Read, Christopher (1996). From Czar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917–21. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN 0-19-521241-X.
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005): 157-60
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005): 158-61
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005): 160-1
- ^ (Russian) Biography of Grigory Aleksinsky at Hrono.ru
- ^ Trotsky, Leon. "The Month of The Great Slander". The History of the Russian Revolution; Volume 2,Chapter 27. http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1930-hrr/ch27.htm.
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005): 162-3
- ^ Lenin, Vladimir (1917). "The State and Revolution". http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/index.htm.
- ^ Read, Christopher, Lenin (2005) p. 174.
- ^ Lenin "Collected Works", vol. 31, p. 516.
- ^ Lenin "Collected Works", vol. 30, p. 335.
- ^ Christopher Read (2005) Lenin. London: Routledge: 212
- ^ LENINE’S MIGRATION A QUEER SCENE, The New York Times, 16 March 1918
- ^ "Archive of Lenin's works". http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/subject/women/index.htm.
- ^ The Impact of Stalin's Leadership in the USSR,1924-1941. Nelson Thornes. 2008. pp. 3. ISBN 978-0-7487-8267-3.
- ^ Leonard Shapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- ^ Leonard Bertram Schapiro. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1970. ISBN 0413279006 p.183. See also: Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions, V
- ^ a b Black Book of Communism, p. 79
- ^ Clark, Ronald Clark, Lenin: The Man Behind the Mask (1988) p. 456
- ^ Lenin, Vladimir (1919). "Anti-Jewish Pogroms". Speeches On Gramophone Records. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/mar/x10.htm.
- ^ Volkogonov, Dimitri. Lenin – A New Biography. New York: Free Press. p. 229. ISBN 0-02-933435-7.
- ^ Pipes, Richard, The Russian Revolution (Vintage Books, 1990) p.807
- ^ ibid. p. 809
- ^ Dr. V. Bonch-Bruevich, Lenin's attending physician, Tri Pokusheniia na V. Lenina, 1924.
- ^ Krassin, Lubov, Leonid Krassin: His Life and Work, by his wife (1929) Skeffington: London
- ^ Clark, Ronald, Lenin: The Man Behind the Mask (1988) p. 373
- ^ Red Terror
- ^ Gellately, Robert (2007). Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf. pp. 57. ISBN 1400040051.
- ^ Trotskii, Dnevniki i pis'ma, 100-1, cited in Figes, Orlando (1997). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. Penguin Books. p. 638. ISBN 0198228627.
- ^ Greg King and Penny Wilson (2003) The Fate of the Romanovs. Hoboken, Wiley: 294
- ^ Orlando Figes. A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. Penguin Books, 1997 ISBN 0198228627 p. 630
- ^ Figes, Orlando (1998). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924. Penguin. pp. 649. ISBN 0-14-024364-X.
- ^ Volkogonov, Dimitri. Lenin – A New Biography. New York: Free Press. p. 238. ISBN 0-02-933435-7.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (1998). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924. Penguin. pp. 524–25. ISBN 0-14-024364-X.
- ^ Robert Gellately. Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf, 2007 ISBN 1400040051 p. 65
- ^ Melgunov, Sergei, Red Terror in Russia (1975) Hyperion Pr, ISBN 0-88355-187-X. See: The Record of the Red Terror
- ^ Lincoln, W. Bruce, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (1999) Da Capo Press.pp. 383-385 ISBN 0-306-80909-5
- ^ Leggett, George (1987). The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. Oxford University Press. pp. 197–198. ISBN 0198228627.
- ^ Orlando Figes. A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. Penguin Books, 1997 ISBN 0198228627 p. 647
- ^ Black Book of Communism, p. 80
- ^ "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat1.htm#Russian.
- ^ Black Book of Communism, p. 82
- ^ Christopher Read (2005) Lenin. London: Routledge: 251
- ^ Pipes, Richard (1996). .^ The unknown Lenin: from the secret archive.
.^ New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
^ New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999 1996.
pp. 152–154. ISBN 0-300-06919-7.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (27 October 1996). "Censored by His Own Regime". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E1DB1230F934A15753C1A960958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2.
- ^ Donald Rayfield. Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him. Random House, 2004. ISBN 0375506322 p. 85
- ^ Pipes, Richard (1994). Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime. Vintage. pp. 141–166. ISBN 0679761845.
- ^ Lenin, Vladimir (1915). "The Revolutionary Proletariat and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination". http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1915/oct/16.htm.
- ^ "An exchange of letters on the BBC documentary Lenin's Secret Files". World Socialist Web Site. 1998-03-06. http://wsws.org/correspo/1998/mar1998/leni-m06.shtml. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Carr, E.H. (1966). The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923, Part 2. pp. 233. Chase, W.J. (1987). Workers, Society and the Soviet State: Labour and Life in Moscow 1918–1929. pp. 26–27. Nove, A. (1982). An Economic History of the USSR. pp. 62. "Flewers, Paul, War Communism in Retrospect". http://www.whatnextjournal.co.uk/Pages/Back/Wnext5/Warcomm.html.
- ^ Black Book of Communism pp. 92–97, 116–121.
- ^ "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat1.htm#Russian.
- ^ "Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions, VII". http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/his1g.htm.
- ^ New York Times
- ^ Триумф и Трагедия - И. В. Сталин: политический портрет. (Triumph and Tragedy - I. V. Stalin : A Political Portrait) Дмитрий Волкогонов (Dmitriy Volkogonov). Book 1, Part 1, PP. 114. Новости Publications. Moscow. 1989.
- ^ Триумф и Трагедия - И. В. Сталин: политический портрет. (Triumph and Tragedy - I. V. Stalin : A Political Portrait) Дмитрий Волкогонов (Dmitriy Volkogonov). Book 1, Part 1, PP. 111. Новости Publications. Moscow. 1989.
- ^ Gilbert, Felix and Large, David Clay, The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present, 6th edition, p. 213.
- ^ Trotsky, L.D., "Concerning Eastman's Book Since Lenin Died", Bolshevik 16; 1 September 1925; p. 68. Concerning Eastman's Book Since Lenin Died minimizing its significance. "In several parts of his book, Eastman says that the Central Committee concealed from the Party a number of exceptionally important documents written by Lenin in the last period of his life (it is a matter of letters on the national question, the so-called 'will', and others); there can be no other name for this, than slander against the Central Committee of our Party. . . . Vladimir Ilyich did not leave any 'will', and the very character of his attitude towards the Party, as well as the character of the Party, itself, precluded any possibility of such a 'will'. What is usually referred to as a 'will' in the émigré and foreign bourgeois and Menshevik press (in a manner garbled beyond recognition) is one of Vladimir Ilyich's letters containing advice on organisational matters. The 13th Congress of the Party paid the closest attention to that letter, as to all of the others, and drew from it the conclusions appropriate to the conditions and circumstances of the time. All talk about concealing or violating a 'will' is a malicious invention."
- ^ Trotsky, Leon. My Life (1930) The Marxists Internet Archive
- ^ Trotsky, Leon (1932). On the Suppressed Testament of Lenin. The Marxists Internet Archive. http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1932/12/lenin.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Gorin, Vadim, Lenin: A Biography (1983) Progress Publishers, pp.469-70
- ^ Mauchline Roberts, Elizabeth, Lenin and the Downfall of Tsarist Russia (1966) p. 92.
- ^ See the article: А.М. и А.А. Панченко «Осьмое чудо света», in the book Панченко А.М. О русской истории и культуре. St. Petersburg: Azbuka, 2003. p. 433.
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/6406447/Vladimir-Lenin-died-from-syphilis-new-research-claims.html
- ^ Триумф и Трагедия - И. В. Сталин: политический портрет. (Triumph and Tragedy - I. V. Stalin : A Political Portrait) Дмитрий Волкогонов (Dmitriy Volkogonov). Book 1, Part 1, PP. 110. Новости Publications. Moscow. 1989.
- ^ Trotsky, Leon (1930). Volume Three: The Triumph of the Soviets; Appendix No. 1.
- ^ Figes, Orlando (27 October 1996). "Censored by His Own Regime". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E1DB1230F934A15753C1A960958260.
- ^ R Pipes & D Branderberger The Unknown Lenin Yale 1996
- ^ Pipes, Richard (May/June 2004). "Flight From Freedom: What Russians Think and Want". Foreign Affairs. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040501facomment83302-p20/richard-pipes/flight-from-freedom-what-russians-think-and-want.html.
- ^ Maryland Government, St Petersburg/Leningrad Oblast
Further reading
- Blackledge, Paul (2006) What was Done, International Socialism 2/111
- Cliff, Tony (1986). .^ He charged Lenin with the attempt to build up a closed organisation of conspiracy not a party of the working class...
^ Lenin & wife out of building w/ party; MCU Lenin talking to someone off-camera.- Footage Farm: Lenin 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.footagefarm.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ During the sittings of the Seventh Congress Lenin proposed that the Bolshevik Party be henceforth called the Russian Communist Party, since its aim was to build communism.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
Haymarket Books. ISBN 1-931859-01-9.
- Felshtinsky, Yuri (2010). .^ In his speech from the rostrum later, Lenin declared that the Bolshevik Party "is ready to take over full power at any moment".
- Can the Bolsheviks Retain State Power? 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.marxists.org [Source type: Original source]
^ SUBJECTS: Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924- -- Journeys -- Russia (Federation) -- Siberia &endash; Revolutionaries -- Soviet Union -- Biography -- Exiles.
^ SUBJECTS: Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 1870-1924 -- Communism -- Soviet Union -- Proletariat -- Politics and government -- 1917-1936.
Enigma Books. ISBN 1929631952.
- Fischer, Louis (2001). The Life of Lenin. Orion Publishing Co.. ISBN 1-84212-230-4.
- Gellately, Robert (2007). Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf. ISBN 1400040051.
- Gooding, John (2002). .^ NC just exposed the US govt hypocrisy and mass media's servitude to govt agenda - he didn't praise social breakdown in Russia post 1991 .
- ZNet - Legacy of 1989 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC www.zmag.org [Source type: Original source]
^ Even in his early youth Lenin was able to discern the reactionary character of the political and social system in tsarist Russia.
^ The proletarian party of a new type is Lenin's great legacy to the world revolutionary movement and the builders of socialism and communism.
Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-97235-X.
- Hill, Christopher (1971). .^ Leninism taught that the burden of the bourgeois revolution in Russia rests on the proletariat and the peasantry.
- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ There was the Swiss Socialist Fritz Platten, who had helped Lenin and his comrades to return home to Russia when the revolution had begun.- V. I. Lenin The Story Of His Life 28 January 2010 1:01 UTC marxists.kgprog.com [Source type: Original source]
^ As soon as he learned of the February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia, Lenin set about analysing it and charting the tasks of the working class and its party.
Pelican Books Ltd.. ISBN 978-0140212976.
- Kolakowski, Leszek and Falla, P. S. (2005). Main Currents of Marxism. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-06054-3.
- Leggett, George (1987). The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198228627.
- Lars T. Lih, (2006) Lenin Rediscovered: What is to be Done? in Context Brill: Lieden
- Lenin, Vladimir (2002). .^ After the October Revolution, Lenin observed, even bourgeois newspapers were not shut down, and there was no thought at all of terror.
^ SERIES: Little Lenin library ; 9 SUBJECTS: Proletariat &endash; Communism -- Soviet Union &endash; History -- Revolution, 1917-1921.
^ In 1917, Lenin could write that .- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
Verso Books. ISBN 1-85984-661-0.
- Pannekoek, Anton, and Richey, Lance Byron (2003). Lenin as Philosopher. Marquette University Press. ISBN 0-87462-654-4.
- Payne, Robert (1967). The Life And Death Of Lenin. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-41640-5.
- Pipes, Richard (1999). .^ The unknown Lenin: from the secret archive.
.^ New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.
^ New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999 1996.
ISBN 0-300-07662-2.
- Read, Christopher (2005). .^ The counter-revolutionary elements engineered a dastardly attempt on Lenin's life.
Routledge. ISBN 0-415-20649-9.
- Service, Robert (2002). Lenin: A Biography. Belknap Press. ISBN 0-674-00828-6.
- Shub, David (1965). Lenin: A Biography. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-020809-7.
- Toynbee, Arnold (July 1970). .
- Trotsky, Leon (1971).^ This gave the impression, to some people, that Lenin had gone over to Trotsky’s views.
- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ On the contrary, it was after the death of Lenin that Trotsky made his failed bid to replace Leninism with Trotskyism in the Soviet Communist Party and the international communist movement.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
^ The view of Trotskyism as a pseudo-left rival of Marxism-Leninism can be established, firstly, around the question of the Russian revolution and the position Trotsky adopted towards it.- WHAT IS TROTSKYISM 18 September 2009 9:54 UTC www.oneparty.co.uk [Source type: Original source]
On Lenin: Notes Towards a Biography. Harrap Publishing. ISBN 0-245-50302-1.
- Tucker, Robert C. (1975). The Lenin Anthology. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-09236-4.
- Volkogonov, Dmitri (2006). Lenin: A New Biography. Free Press. ISBN 0-02-933435-7.
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