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Lionel of Antwerp
Duke of Clarence
One reputed version of Lionel's coat of arms
Earl of Ulster (jure uxoris)
Predecessor William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl
Successor Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess with Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
suo jure Countess Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess
Spouse Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
m. 1352; dec. 1363
Violante Visconti
m. 1368; wid. 1368
Issue
Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster
House House of Plantagenet
Father Edward III of Windsor
Mother Philippa of Hainault
Born 29 November 1338(1338-11-29)
Antwerp, Belgium
Died 7 October 1368 (aged 29)
Alba, Piedmont
Burial Clare Priory, Suffolk

Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence (29 November 1338 – 7 October 1368) was the third son, but the second son to survive infancy, of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was so called because he was born at Antwerp.

Contents

First marriage

Betrothed when a child to Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster (d. 1363), daughter and heiress of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (d. 1332), he was married to her in 1352, but before this date he had entered into possession of her great Irish inheritance. He was called Earl of Ulster from 1347.

Ireland

Having been named as his father's representative in England in 1345 and again in 1346, Lionel joined an expedition into France in 1355, but his chief energies were reserved for the affairs of Ireland.

Appointed governor of that country, he landed at Dublin in 1361, and in November of the following year was created Duke of Clarence, the second Dukedom created in England, while his father made an abortive attempt to secure for him the crown of Scotland. His efforts to secure an effective authority over his Irish lands were only moderately successful; and after holding a parliament at Kilkenny, which passed the celebrated Statute of Kilkenny in 1367, he dropped the task in disgust and returned to England.

The poet Geoffrey Chaucer was at one time a page in Lionel's household.

Second marriage

Lionel's wife died in Dublin in 1363, leaving behind a daughter, Philippa, whose descendants would one day claim the throne for the House of York. A second marriage was arranged for Lionel with Violante (c. 1353 - November 1386), daughter of Galeazzo Visconti, lord of Pavia (d. 1378); the enormous dowry which Galeazzo promised with his daughter being exaggerated by the rumour of the time. Journeying to fetch his bride, Lionel was received in great state both in France and Italy, and was married to Violante at Milan on 28 May 1368. Some months were then spent in festivities, during which Lionel was taken ill at Alba, where he died. There was strong speculation at the time that he had been poisoned by his father-in-law[1] although this has never been proven.

Issue

His only child, Philippa Plantagenet, married in 1368 Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (1351-1381). Their granddaughter and eventual heir, Anne Mortimer, married into the Yorkist branch of the English Royal family. The House of York based its claim to the throne on this line of descent.

Ancestry

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Arms

Lionel's arms were at some point those of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of five points, with each point bearing a cross gules.[2] There are also suggestions, such as the above image, that at some point he bore a differentiating label argent of three points, each bearing a canton gules.

Notes

  1. ^ Frances Stonor Saunders, Hawkwood: Diabolical Englishman (2004).
  2. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

References

Lionel of Antwerp
Born: 29 November 1338 Died: 7 October 1368
Peerage of England
New creation Duke of Clarence
1362–1368		 Extinct
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by
William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl		 Earl of Ulster jure uxoris
with Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess
1347–1368		 Succeeded by
Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess
with Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
Dukes of Clarence

Lionel of Antwerp (1362–1368) · Thomas of Lancaster (1412–1421) · George Plantagenet (1461–1478) · William IV (1789–1830) · Prince Albert Victor (1890–1892)

Simple English

Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, (November 29, 1338 — October 7, 1368), born in Antwerp, was the third son of Edward III. When he was only a child he was married to Elizabeth de Burgh (d.1363), daughter of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (d.1332). The ceremony took place on August 15, 1342, at the Tower of London.[1] He became properly married to her in 1352, when he was aged 14, and took over all her lands in Ireland.[2] The famous English poet, Geoffrey Chaucer, was a page to Elizabeth.[2]

He was Edward III's representative in England and in 1355 he was made the Earl of Ulster. He went to Dublin in 1361 to be the Chief Governor of Ireland.[1] His father made him Duke of Clarence in 1362, and tried to have him made King of Scotland. Lionel and the government in Dublin were concerned about how the English settlers in Ireland were slowly become Irish. He brought in laws, the Statute of Kilkenny, in 1366, which made it against the law[3]:

  • for English people to marry Irish people
  • to adopt Irish children
  • to use Irish names
  • to wear Irish clothes
  • to play the game of hurling
  • to play Irish music.

Lionel found it difficult to get control over Ireland and went back to England in 1367.[2]

After the death of Elizabeth, Lionel married Violante, the daughter of Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Pavia (d.1378), in Milan during June 1368. While travelling around Italy, Lionel became sick and died at Alba on October 7, 1368.[2] He was buried at the Clare Priory, Suffolk, England.[1]

His daughter, Philippa Plantagenet, married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (1351-1381), in 1368. This made Lionel an ancestor of Edward IV.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10688". www.thepeerage.com. http://www.thepeerage.com/p10688.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-12. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Hundred Years' War: Lionel Of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence (1338-1368)". www.luminarium.org. http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/lionelclarence.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-12. 
  3. ↑ Shorrt, Russell. "The History of the Statutes of Kilkenny in Ireland". www.articlesbase.com. http://www.articlesbase.com/history-articles/the-history-of-the-statutes-of-kilkenny-in-ireland-596056.html. Retrieved 2009-07-12. 

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