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In the Australian House of Representatives, the Leader of the Opposition sits at the front table to the left of the Speaker's Chair (on the right-hand side in this photo).

This is a List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, who in Australian Federal Politics is a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives. The position is usually held by the leader of the party which has the most seats but is not part of the Government. When in Parliament the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the table in the centre, in front of the Opposition and opposite the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party, or coalition of parties, with the most seats in Parliament, and thus is the leader of the Government.[1] The leader is elected by the Opposition Party according to its rules. A new Opposition Leader may be elected when the incumbent dies, resigns or is challenged for the leadership.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and is based on the Westminster model. The term Opposition has a specific meaning in the parliamentary sense, in its formal title of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. This is an important component of the Westminster system: the Opposition directs its criticism at the Government and attempts to defeat and replace the Government. The Opposition is therefore the 'Government in waiting' and it is a formal part of the parliamentary system, just as is the Government. It is opposed to the Government, but not to the Crown, hence the term 'Loyal Opposition'.[2]

The Current Leader of the Opposition is Tony Abbott who defeated Malcolm Turnbull for leadership of the Liberal Party on 1 December 2009.[3] The Liberal Party has been in opposition since losing the 2007 election to the Labor Party who had formed the opposition since 1996.[4] To date there have been thirty-two Opposition Leaders, seventeen of whom have served terms as Prime Minister.[5] The selection of Tony Abbott as the current Opposition Leader in 2009 means that 2009 is the fifth year in a row in which there has been a change in Opposition leadership.

Contents

Leaders of the Opposition

# Name Photo Term Start Term End Party
1. George Reid[6] George Reid 19 May 1901 17 August 1904[b] Free Trade Party
2. Chris Watson[7] Chris Watson 18 August 1904 5 July 1905[b] Australian Labor Party
- George Reid[6] 7 July 1905[a] 16 November 1908 Free Trade Party
Anti-Socialist Party
3. Joseph Cook[8] Joseph Cook 17 November 1908 26 May 1909[b] Anti-Socialist Party
4. Alfred Deakin[9] Alfred Deakin 26 May 1909 2 June 1909[b] Commonwealth Liberal Party
5. Andrew Fisher[10] Andrew Fisher 2 June 1909[a] 29 April 1910[b] Australian Labor Party
- Alfred Deakin[9] 1 July 1910[a] 20 January 1913 Commonwealth Liberal Party
- Joseph Cook[8] 20 January 1913 24 June 1913[b] Commonwealth Liberal Party
- Andrew Fisher[10] 8 July 1913[a] 17 September 1914[b] Australian Labor Party
- Joseph Cook[8] 8 October 1914[a] 17 February 1916 Commonwealth Liberal Party
Nationalist Party of Australia
6. Frank Tudor[11] Frank Tudor 1 November 1916 10 January 1922 Australian Labor Party
7. Matthew Charlton[12] Mathew Charlton 10 January 1922 29 March 1928 Australian Labor Party
8. James Scullin[13] James Scullin 29 March 1928 22 October 1929[b] Australian Labor Party
9. John Latham[14] John Latham 20 November 1929 7 May 1931 Nationalist Party of Australia
10. Joseph Lyons[10] Joseph Lyons 7 May 1931 6 January 1932[b] United Australia Party
- James Scullin[13] 7 January 1932[a] 1 October 1935 Australian Labor Party
11. John Curtin[15] John Curtin 1 October 1935 7 October 1941[b] Australian Labor Party
12. Arthur Fadden[16] Arthur Fadden 7 October 1941[a] 23 September 1943 Country Party
13. Robert Menzies[16] Robert Menzies 23 September 1943[a] 19 December 1949[b] United Australia Party
Liberal Party of Australia
14. Ben Chifley[16] Ben Chifley 19 December 1949[a] 20 June 1951 Australian Labor Party
15. Herbert Evatt[10] Herbert Evatt 20 June 1951 9 February 1960 Australian Labor Party
16. Arthur Calwell[16] Arthur Calwell 7 March 1960 8 February 1967 Australian Labor Party
17. Gough Whitlam[17] Gough Whitlam 8 February 1967 2 December 1972[b] Australian Labor Party
18. Billy Snedden[16] Billy Snedden 2 December 1972 21 March 1975 Liberal Party of Australia
19. Malcolm Fraser[18] Malcolm Fraser 21 March 1975 11 November 1975[b] Liberal Party of Australia
- Gough Whitlam[19][c] 11 November 1975[a] 22 December 1977 Australian Labor Party
20. Bill Hayden[10] 22 December 1977 3 February 1983 Australian Labor Party
21. Bob Hawke[14] Bob Hawke 3 February 1983 11 March 1983[b] Australian Labor Party
22. Andrew Peacock[14] Andrew Peacock 11 March 1983 5 September 1985 Liberal Party of Australia
23. John Howard[20] John Howard 5 September 1985 9 May 1989[b] Liberal Party of Australia
- Andrew Peacock[14] 9 May 1989 3 April 1990 Liberal Party of Australia
24. John Hewson[14] 3 April 1990 23 May 1994 Liberal Party of Australia
25. Alexander Downer[10] Alexander Downer 23 May 1994 30 January 1995 Liberal Party of Australia
- John Howard[20] 30 January 1995 11 March 1996[b] Liberal Party of Australia
26. Kim Beazley[21] Kim Beazley 19 March 1996 11 November 2001 Australian Labor Party
27. Simon Crean[14] Simon Crean 11 November 2001 2 December 2003 Australian Labor Party
28. Mark Latham[22] Mark Latham 2 December 2003 18 January 2005 Australian Labor Party
- Kim Beazley[21] 28 January 2005 4 December 2006 Australian Labor Party
29. Kevin Rudd[23] Kevin Rudd 4 December 2006 3 December 2007[b] Australian Labor Party
30. Brendan Nelson[24] Brendan Nelson 3 December 2007 16 September 2008 Liberal Party of Australia
31. Malcolm Turnbull[25] Malcolm Turnbull 16 September 2008 1 December 2009 Liberal Party of Australia
32. Tony Abbott[3] 1 December 2009 Liberal Party of Australia

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Denotes an Opposition Leader who had previously been Prime Minister.
  2. ^ Denotes an Opposition Leader who later became Prime Minister.
  3. ^ Gough Whitlam refused to use the title Leader of the Opposition between the dismissal of his government in November 1975 and the first meeting of the new parliament in February 1976. During the election campaign in December 1975 he styled himself as the Leader of the Majority in the House of Representatives.[26]

References

  1. ^ "Leader of the Opposition - Fact Sheet". Parliamentary Education Office. http://www.peo.gov.au/students/fss/fss15.html. Retrieved 2006-04-11.  
  2. ^ Jaensch, Dean (1997). The Politics of Australia. Melbourne: MacMillan Education Australia. pp. 100. ISBN 0732941288.  
  3. ^ a b Abbott wins three-way fight for the Liberal leadership, The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 December 2009.
  4. ^ "Details of Australian election results in the Australian Government and politics database". The University of Western Australia. http://elections.uwa.edu.au/listelections.lasso. Retrieved 2006-04-28.  
  5. ^ "A House for the nation". Commonwealth of Australia. http://www.houseforthenation.gov.au/explore/ahn03_p9.html. Retrieved 2007-12-14.  
  6. ^ a b "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Reid". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/fastfacts.asp?pmSelectName=5. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  7. ^ "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Watson". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/fastfacts.asp?pmSelectName=4&pmSelectDate=&Submit2=Go. Retrieved 2006-04-12.  
  8. ^ a b c Crowley, F. K. (1981). "Cook, Sir Joseph (1860 - 1947)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080108b.htm.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-02.  
  9. ^ a b "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Deakin". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/fastfacts.asp?pmSelectName=3&pmSelectDate=&Submit2=Go. Retrieved 2007-09-03.  
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Leaders of the Opposition". Parliament of Australia - Parliamentary Library. http://www.aph.gov.au/library/parl/hist/oppleads.htm. Retrieved 2006-04-13.  
  11. ^ McCalman, Janet (1990). "Tudor, Francis Gwynne (Frank) (1866 - 1922)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A120315b.htm.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-03.  
  12. ^ Perks, Murray (1979). "Charlton, Matthew (1866 - 1948)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A070628b.htm.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-03.  
  13. ^ a b Gavin Scaramouche. "James (Jim) Scullin". The Scaramouche Website. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/fastfacts.asp?pmSelectName=5. Retrieved 2006-04-11.  
  14. ^ a b c d e f "Prime Ministers and Opposition Leaders". Australian Electoral Commission. http://www.aec.gov.au/_content/when/history/pms_leaders.htm. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  15. ^ "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Curtin". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/fastfacts.asp?pmSelectName=14&pmSelectDate=&Submit2=Go. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  16. ^ a b c d e "Federal Opposition Leaders Since 1901". Australian Politics. http://www.australianpolitics.com/parliament/opposition/leaders.shtml. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  17. ^ "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Whitlam". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=21&pageName=before#5. Retrieved 2006-04-28.  
  18. ^ "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Fraser". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=22&pageName=before. Retrieved 2006-04-28.  
  19. ^ "Australia's Prime Ministers - Fast Facts - Whitlam". National Archives of Australia. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/meetpm.asp?pmId=21&pageName=after. Retrieved 2006-04-28.  
  20. ^ a b "Parliament of Australia - House of Representatives: John Howard (Member)". Commonwealth of Australia. http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/biography.asp?id=ZD4. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  21. ^ a b "Parliament of Australia - House of Representatives: Kim Beazley (Member)". Commonwealth of Australia. http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/biography.asp?id=PE4. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  22. ^ "History of the Australian Labor Party". Australian Labor Party. http://www.alp.org.au/about/history.php. Retrieved 2006-04-26.  
  23. ^ "Tearful Beazley Bows Out". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/rudd-ousts-beazley/2006/12/04/1165080846679.html. Retrieved 2006-04-13.  
  24. ^ "Nelson elected Liberals leader". ABC. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/29/2105130.htm. Retrieved 2006-04-13.  
  25. ^ "Malcolm Turnbull wins Liberal leadership". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/national/malcolm-turnbull-wins-liberal-leadership-20080916-4hcr.html. Retrieved 2008-09-16.  
  26. ^ Gough Whitlam. "Whitlam Speeches - 1975 Election Policy Speech". Whitlam Dismissal. http://whitlamdismissal.com/speeches/75-11-24_policy-speech.shtml. Retrieved 2006-04-12.  

, the Leader of the Opposition sits at the front table to the left of the Speaker's Chair (on the right-hand side in this photo).]] This is a List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, who in Australian Federal Politics is a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives. The position is usually held by the leader of the party which has the most seats but is not part of the Government. When in Parliament the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the table in the centre, in front of the Opposition and opposite the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party, or coalition of parties, with the most seats in Parliament, and thus is the leader of the Government.[1] The leader is elected by the Opposition Party according to its rules. A new Opposition Leader may be elected when the incumbent dies, resigns or is challenged for the leadership.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and is based on the Westminster model. The term Opposition has a specific meaning in the parliamentary sense, in its formal title of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. This is an important component of the Westminster system: the Opposition directs its criticism at the Government and attempts to defeat and replace the Government. The Opposition is therefore the 'Government in waiting' and it is a formal part of the parliamentary system, just as is the Government. It is in opposition to the Government, but not to the Crown, hence the term 'Loyal Opposition'.[2]

The current Leader of the Opposition is Tony Abbott, who defeated Malcolm Turnbull for leadership of the Liberal Party on 1 December 2009[3] (2009 becoming the fifth year in a row in which there has been a change in Opposition leadership). The Liberal Party has been in opposition since losing the 2007 election to the Labor Party, which had formed the opposition since 1996.[4] To date there have been thirty-two Opposition Leaders, seventeen of whom have served terms as Prime Minister.[5]

Contents

Leaders of the Opposition

Leader Portrait Party Constituency Took Office Left Office Prime Minister
George Reid   Free Trade Party East Sydney (NSW) 19 May 1901 17 August 1904   Barton 1901–03
  Deakin 1903–04
  Watson 1904
Chris Watson   Labour Party Bland (NSW) 18 August 1904 5 July 1905   Reid 1904–05
George Reid   Free Trade Party East Sydney (NSW) 7 July 1905 16 November 1908   Deakin 1905–08
  Anti-Socialist Party
  Fisher 1908–09
Joseph Cook   Anti-Socialist Party Parramatta (NSW) 17 November 1908 26 May 1909  
Alfred Deakin   Commonwealth Liberal Party Ballarat (Vic) 26 May 1909 2 June 1909  
Andrew Fisher   Labor Party Wide Bay (Qld) 2 June 1909 29 April 1910   Deakin 1909
Alfred Deakin   Commonwealth Liberal Party Ballarat (Vic) 1 July 1910 20 January 1913   Fisher 1910–13
Joseph Cook   Commonwealth Liberal Party Parramatta (NSW) 20 January 1913 24 June 1913  
Andrew Fisher   Labor Party Wide Bay (Qld) 8 July 1913 17 September 1914   Cook 1913–14
Joseph Cook   Commonwealth Liberal Party Parramatta (NSW) 8 October 1914 17 February 1916   Fisher 1914–15
  Hughes 1915–23
 
 
Frank Tudor   Labor Party Yarra (Vic) 1 November 1916 10 January 1922  
Matthew Charlton   Labor Party Hunter (NSW) 10 January 1922 29 March 1928  
  Bruce 1923–29
James Scullin   Labor Party Yarra (Vic) 29 March 1928 22 October 1929  
John Latham   Nationalist Party Kooyong (Vic) 20 November 1929 7 May 1931   Scullin 1929–32
Joseph Lyons   United Australia Party Wilmot (Tas) 7 May 1931 6 January 1932  
James Scullin   Labor Party Yarra (Vic) 7 January 1932 1 October 1935   Lyons 1932–39
John Curtin   Labor Party Fremantle (WA) 1 October 1935 7 October 1941  
  Page 1939
  Menzies 1939–41
  Fadden 1941
Arthur Fadden   Country Party Darling Downs (Qld) 7 October 1941 23 September 1943   Curtin 1941–45
Robert Menzies   United Australia Party Kooyong (Vic) 23 September 1943 19 December 1949  
  Liberal Party   Forde 1945
  Chifley 1945–49
Ben Chifley   Labor Party Macquarie (NSW) 19 December 1949 20 June 1951   Menzies 1949–66
Herbert Evatt   Labor Party Barton (NSW) 1940–58
Hunter (NSW) 1958–60 		20 June 1951 9 February 1960  
Arthur Calwell   Labor Party Melbourne (Vic) 7 March 1960 8 February 1967  
  Holt 1966–67
Gough Whitlam   Labor Party Werriwa (NSW) 8 February 1967 2 December 1972  
  McEwen 1967–68
  Gorton 1968–71
  McMahon 1971–72
Billy Snedden   Liberal Party Bruce (Vic) 2 December 1972 21 March 1975   Whitlam 1972–75
Malcolm Fraser   Liberal Party Wannon (Vic) 21 March 1975 11 November 1975  
Gough Whitlam   Labor Party Werriwa (NSW) 11 November 1975 22 December 1977   Fraser 1975–83
Bill Hayden [[File:|60px]]   Labor Party Oxley (Qld) 22 December 1977 3 February 1983  
Bob Hawke   Labor Party Wills (Vic) 3 February 1983 11 March 1983  
Andrew Peacock   Liberal Party Kooyong (Vic) 11 March 1983 5 September 1985   Hawke 1983–91
John Howard   Liberal Party Bennelong (NSW) 5 September 1985 9 May 1989  
Andrew Peacock   Liberal Party Kooyong (Vic) 9 May 1989 3 April 1990  
John Hewson   Liberal Party Wentworth (NSW) 3 April 1990 23 May 1994  
  Keating 1991–96
Alexander Downer [[File:|60px]]   Liberal Party Mayo (SA) 23 May 1994 30 January 1995  
John Howard File:John Howard May   Liberal Party Bennelong (NSW) 30 January 1995 11 March 1996  
Kim Beazley   Labor Party Brand (WA) 19 March 1996 11 November 2001   Howard 1996–2007
Simon Crean   Labor Party Hotham (Vic) 11 November 2001 2 December 2003  
Mark Latham   Labor Party Werriwa (NSW) 2 December 2003 18 January 2005  
Kim Beazley   Labor Party Brand (WA) 28 January 2005 4 December 2006  
Kevin Rudd File:Kevin Rudd DOS   Labor Party Griffith (Qld) 4 December 2006 3 December 2007  
Brendan Nelson   Liberal Party Bradfield (NSW) 3 December 2007 16 September 2008   Rudd 2007–2010
Malcolm Turnbull   Liberal Party Wentworth (NSW) 16 September 2008 1 December 2009  
Tony Abbott File:Tony Abbott -   Liberal Party Warringah (NSW) 1 December 2009 Incumbent  
  Gillard 2010

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Denotes an Opposition Leader who had previously been Prime Minister.
  2. ^ Denotes an Opposition Leader who later became Prime Minister.
  3. ^ Gough Whitlam refused to use the title Leader of the Opposition between the dismissal of his government in November 1975 and the first meeting of the new parliament in February 1976. During the election campaign in December 1975 he styled himself as the Leader of the Majority in the House of Representatives.[6]

References

  1. ^ "Leader of the Opposition – Fact Sheet". Parliamentary Education Office. http://www.peo.gov.au/students/fss/fss15.html. Retrieved 2006-04-11. 
  2. ^ Jaensch, Dean (1997). The Politics of Australia. Melbourne: MacMillan Education Australia. pp. 100. ISBN 0732941288. 
  3. ^ Abbott wins three-way fight for the Liberal leadership, The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 December 2009.
  4. ^ "Details of Australian election results in the Australian Government and politics database". The University of Western Australia. http://elections.uwa.edu.au/listelections.lasso. Retrieved 2006-04-28. 
  5. ^ "A House for the nation". Commonwealth of Australia. http://www.houseforthenation.gov.au/explore/ahn03_p9.html. Retrieved 2007-12-14. 
  6. ^ Gough Whitlam. "Whitlam Speeches – 1975 Election Policy Speech". Whitlam Dismissal. http://whitlamdismissal.com/speeches/75-11-24_policy-speech.shtml. Retrieved 2006-04-12. 

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