List of European countries: Wikis

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This is a list of countries in Europe with their English and domestic language long and short names and associated capital cities.

The divisions between Asia and Europe occur at the Ural Mountains, Ural River and Caspian Sea in the east, the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea with its outlets, Bosporus and Dardanelles in the south. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey are considered part of both Europe and Asia. Armenia and Cyprus, which are entirely in Western Asia, are sociopolitically European countries.

1 Sovereign states (50)
2 Nonsovereign territories and regions (7)
- 2.1 Åland—Gibraltar
- 2.2 Guernsey—Jersey
3 Partially recognised republics, territories and regions (4)
4 Unrecognised republics, territories and regions (2)
5 Notes
6 See also
- 6.1 Other lists

Sovereign states (50)

Main article: Sovereign state

A state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a geographic area. A state usually includes the set of institutions that claim the authority to make the rules that govern the exercise of coercive violence for the people of the society in that territory, though its status as a state often depends in part on being recognized by a number of other states as having internal and external sovereignty over it. In sociology, the state is normally identified with these institutions: in Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organization that has a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory," which may include the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police.

Albania—Azerbaijan

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Albania	Republic of Albania	Albanian: Shqiperia	Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë	Tirana Albanian: Tiranë
Andorra	Principality of Andorra	Andorra	Catalan: Principat d'Andorra French: Principauté d'Andorre Spanish: Principado de Andorra	Andorra la Vella Catalan: Andorra la Vella French: Andorre-la-Vieille Spanish: Andorra la Vieja
Armenia^[1]	Republic of Armenia	Armenian: Հայաստան/ Հայք Armenian Transliteration: Hayastan/ Hayq	Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Armenian Transliteration: Hayastani Hanrapetutyun	Yerevan Armenian: Երևան or Երեւան
Austria	Republic of Austria	German: Österreich	German: Republik Österreich	Vienna German: Wien
Azerbaijan^[1]	Republic of Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan	Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası	Baku Azerbaijani: Bakı

Belarus—Croatia

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Belarus	Republic of Belarus	Belarusian and Russian: Беларусь Belarusian and Russian Transliteration: Byelarus	Belarusian: Рэспубліка Беларусь Russian: Республика Беларусь Belarusian and Russian Transliteration: Respublika Byelarus	Minsk Belarusian: Мінск Russian: Минск
Belgium	Kingdom of Belgium	Dutch: België French: Belgique German: Belgien	Dutch: Koninkrijk België French: Royaume de Belgique German: Königreich Belgien	Brussels Dutch: Brussel French: Bruxelles German: Brüssel
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: BiH, Bosna Serbian Cyrillic: БиХ, Босна	Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина	Sarajevo Bosnian, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Sarajevo Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево
Bulgaria	Republic of Bulgaria	Bulgarian: България	Bulgarian: Република България Bulgarian Transliteration: Republika Balgariya	Sofia Bulgarian: София Bulgarian Transliteration: Sofiya
Croatia	Republic of Croatia	Croatian: Hrvatska	Croatian: Republika Hrvatska	Zagreb

Cyprus—Finland

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Cyprus^[2]	Republic of Cyprus	Greek: Κύπρος Greek Transliteration: Kýpros Turkish: Kıbrıs	Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Greek Transliteration: Kypriakí Dhimokratía Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	Nicosia Greek: Λευκωσία Turkish: Lefkoşa
Czechia^[3]	Czech Republic	Czech: Česko	Czech: Česká republika	Prague Czech: Praha
Denmark	Kingdom of Denmark	Danish: Danmark	Danish: Kongeriget Danmark	Copenhagen Danish: København
Estonia	Republic of Estonia	Estonian: Eesti	Estonian: Eesti Vabariik	Tallinn
Finland	Republic of Finland	Finnish: Suomi Swedish: Finland	Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland	Helsinki Finnish: Helsinki Swedish: Helsingfors

France—Hungary

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
France	French Republic	French: France	French: République française	Paris
Georgia^[1]	Republic of Georgia		Georgian: საქართველო Georgian Transliteration: Sakartvelo	Tbilisi Georgian: თბილისი
Germany	Federal Republic of Germany	German: Deutschland	German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Berlin
Greece	Hellenic Republic	Greek: Ελλάδα/ Ελλάς Greek Transliteration: Ellada/ Ellas	Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Greek Transliteration: Elliniki Dimokratia	Athens Greek: Αθήνα Greek Transliteration: Athina
Hungary	Republic of Hungary	Hungarian: Magyarország	Hungarian: Magyar Köztársaság	Budapest

Iceland—Latvia

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Iceland	Republic of Iceland	Icelandic: Ísland	Icelandic: Lýðveldið Ísland	Reykjavík Icelandic: Reykjavíkurborg
Ireland	(see ^[4]^[5])	Irish: Éire	(see ^[4]^[6])	Dublin Irish: Baile Átha Cliath
Italy	Italian Republic	Italian: Italia	Italian: Repubblica Italiana	Rome Italian: Roma
Kazakhstan^[7]	Republic of Kazakhstan	Kazakh: Қазақстан Kazakh Transliteration: Qazaqstan Russian: Казахстан Russian Transliteration: Kazakhstán	Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Kazakh Transliteration: Qazaqstan Respublïkası Russian: Республика Казахстан Russian Transliteration: Respublika Kazakhstan	Astana Kazakh: Астана Russian: Астана
Latvia	Republic of Latvia	Latvian: Latvija	Latvian: Latvijas Republika	Riga Latvian: Rīga

Liechtenstein—Malta

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Liechtenstein	Principality of Liechtenstein	German: Liechtenstein	German: Fürstentum Liechtenstein	Vaduz
Lithuania	Republic of Lithuania	Lithuanian: Lietuva	Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika	Vilnius
Luxembourg	Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg French: Luxembourg German: Luxemburg	Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg	Luxembourg City Luxembourgish: Stad Lëtzebuerg French: Ville de Luxembourg German: Luxemburg Stadt
Macedonia	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonian: Македонија Macedonian Transliteration: Makedonija	Macedonian: Република Македонија Macedonian Transliteration: Republika Makedonija	Skopje Macedonian: Скопје
Malta	Republic of Malta	Maltese: Malta	Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta	Valletta Maltese: Il-Belt Valletta

Moldova—Norway

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Moldova	Republic of Moldova	Romanian: Moldova	Romanian: Republica Moldova	Chisinau Romanian: Chişinău
Monaco	Principality of Monaco	French: Monaco Monégasque: Múnegu Occitan: Mónegue Italian: Monaco	French: Principauté de Monaco Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu Occitan: Principat de Mónegue Italian: Principato di Monaco	Monaco^[8]
Montenegro	Republic of Montenegro	Serbian Latin: Crna Gora Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Гора	Serbian Latin: Crna Gora Serbian Cyrillic: Црна Гора	Podgorica Serbian Cyrillic: Подгорица
Netherlands^[9]^[10]	Kingdom of the Netherlands	Dutch: Nederland	Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden	Amsterdam (capital) The Hague (seat of government) Dutch: 's-Gravenhage (Den Haag)
Norway	Kingdom of Norway	Bokmål: Norge Nynorsk: Noreg	Bokmål: Kongeriket Norge Nynorsk: Kongeriket Noreg	Oslo

Poland—San Marino

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Poland	Republic of Poland	Polish: Polska	Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska	Warsaw Polish: Warszawa
Portugal	Portuguese Republic	Portuguese: Portugal	Portuguese: República Portuguesa	Lisbon Portuguese: Lisboa
Romania			Romanian: România	Bucharest Romanian: Municipiul Bucureşti
Russia^[7]	Russian Federation	Russian: Росси́я Russian Transliteration: Rossiya	Russian: Российская Федерация Russian Transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya	Moscow Russian: Москва Russian Transliteration: Moskva
San Marino	Most Serene Republic of San Marino	Italian: San Marino	Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino	City of San Marino Italian: Città di San Marino

Serbia—Sweden

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Serbia	Republic of Serbia	Serbian Cyrilic: Србија Serbian Latin: Srbija	Serbian Cyrilic: Република Србија Serbian Latin: Republika Srbija	Belgrade Serbian Cyrilic: Београд Serbian Latin: Beograd
Slovakia	Slovak Republic	Slovak: Slovensko	Slovak: Slovenská republika	Bratislava
Slovenia	Republic of Slovenia	Slovene: Slovenija	Slovene: Republika Slovenija	Ljubljana
Spain	Kingdom of Spain	Spanish: España	Spanish: Reino de España	Madrid
Sweden	Kingdom of Sweden	Swedish: Sverige	Swedish: Konungariket Sverige	Stockholm

Switzerland—Vatican City

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Switzerland	Swiss Confederation	Latin: Helvetica German: Schweiz French: Suisse Italian: Svizzera Romansh: Svizra	Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica German: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft French: Confédération suisse Italian: Confederazione Svizzera Romansh: Confederaziun svizra	Bern or Berne German: Bern French: Berne Italian: Berna Romansh: Berna Bernese German: Bärn
Turkey^[7]	Republic of Turkey	Turkish: Türkiye	Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	Ankara
Ukraine			Ukrainian: Україна Ukrainian Transliteration: Ukrayina / Ukraina	Kiev Ukrainian: Київ Ukrainian Transliteration: Kyiv
United Kingdom (also sometimes: Britain or Great Britain)^[11]	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland		Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon Scottish Gaelic: An Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath Irish: Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann Scots: Unitit Kinrick o Graet Breetain an Northren Ireland Cornish: An Rywvaneth Unys a Vreten Veur hag Iwerdhon Glédh	London
Vatican City Holy See	State of the Vatican City	Latin: Santa Sede	Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano	Vatican City^[8]

Nonsovereign territories and regions (7)

Dependent territories and autonomous regions in Europe.

Åland—Gibraltar

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Åland^[12]	Åland Islands	Swedish: Åland	Swedish: Landskapet Åland Finnish: Ahvenanmaan maakunta	Mariehamn Finnish: Maarianhamina
Akrotiri & Dhekelia^[13]^[14]	Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia			Episkopi Cantonment
Faroe Islands^[15]			Faroese: Føroyar Danish: Færøerne	Torshavn Faroese: Tórshavn Danish: Thorshavn
Gibraltar^[14]	Gibraltar			Gibraltar

Guernsey—Jersey

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Guernsey^[16]	Bailiwick of Guernsey	Guernésiais: Guernesey	Guernésiais: Bailliage de Guernesey	St. Peter Port Guernésiais: Saint Pierre Port
Isle of Man^[16]		Manx: Mannin	Manx: Ellan Vannin	Douglas Manx: Doolish
Jersey^[16]	Bailiwick of Jersey	Jèrriais: Jèrri	Jèrriais: Bailliage de Jersey	St. Helier Jèrriais: Saint Hélyi

Partially recognised republics, territories and regions (4)

The following geo-political entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more sovereign states and are defined as 'states' by the declarative theory of statehood.

English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
Abkhazia^[1]^[17]		Abkhaz: Аҧсны Abkhaz Transliteration: Apsny Georgian: აფხაზეთი Georgian Transliteration: Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Russian: Абха́зия Russian Transliteration: Abhazia		Sukhumi Abkhaz: Аҟəа Abkhaz Transliteration: Akwa Georgian: სოხუმი Georgian Transliteration: Sokhumi Russian: Сухуми
Kosovo^[18]	Republic of Kosovo	Albanian: Kosova, Kosovë Serbian Cyrilic: Косово Serbian Latin: Kosovo	Albanian: Republika e Kosovës Serbian Cyrilic: Косово Serbian Latin: Kosovo	Pristina Albanian: Prishtina, Prishtinë Serbian Cyrilic: Приштина Serbian Latin: Priština
Northern Cyprus	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs	Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti	Lefkoşa
South Ossetia^[1]^[17]		Ossetic: Хуссар Ирыстон Ossetic Transliteration: Khussar Iryston Georgian: სამხრეთ ოსეთი Georgian Transliteration: Samkhret Oseti Russian: Южная Осетия Russian Transliteration: Yuzhnaya Osetiya	Ossetic: Хуссар Ирыстон Республика	Tskhinvali Ossetic: Цхинвал or Чъреба Ossetic Transliteration: Chreba

Unrecognised republics, territories and regions (2)

The following geo-political entities in Europe lack diplomatic recognition, yet are defined as 'states' by the declarative theory of statehood.

Flag	Map	English Short Name	English Long Name	Domestic Short Name	Domestic Long Name	Capital
		Nagorno-Karabakh^[1]^[19]	Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ Armenian Transliteration: Lernayin Gharabaghi	Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ Հանրապետություն Armenian Transliteration: Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun	Stepanakert Armenian: Ստեփանակերտ Armenian Transliteration: Khankendi Azerbaijani: Xankəndi Azerbaijani Transliteration: Xankindi
		Transnistria^[20] Also: Trans-Dniester or Transdniestria or Pridnestrovie	Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	Moldovan: Нистрянэ Romanian Transliteration: Transnistria Russian: Приднестрóвье Russian Transliteration: Pridnestrov'ye Ukrainian: Придністрóв'я Ukrainian Transliteration: Prydnistrov'ya	Moldovan: Република Молдовеняскэ НистрянэRomanian Transliteration: Republica Moldovenească Nistreană Russian: Приднестрóвская Молдáвская Респýблика Russian Transliteration: Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika Ukrainian: Придністровська Молдавська Республіка Ukrainian Transliteration: Pridnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika	Tiraspol Moldovan: Тираспол Russian and Ukrainian: Тирáсполь

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Part of Transcaucasian Region.
^ Cyprus and Greenland are both entirely on other continents ( Asia and North America respectively ), but they have sociopolitical connections with Europe.
^ Standard short form, not used very often
^ ^a ^b The terms Republic of Ireland and Poblacht na hÉireann are not long-form names and are used only as a legal description meant to differentiate the state from the island.
^ "Republic of Ireland Act, 1948". No. 22/1948. 1948. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1948/en/act/pub/0022/index.html. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
^ "An tAcht Phoblacht na hÉireann, 1948". Uimhir 22 de 1948. 1948. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1948/ga/act/pub/0022/index.html. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey are considered to be in both Europe and Asia geographically (Europe in dark blue, Asia in light blue).
^ ^a ^b These countries are city-states.
^ The Netherlands is also known in the short form as Holland, but this is the improper form for the name of the whole country as it refers only to a small region inside the country. See Netherlands (terminology).
^ United States CIA World Factbook -- Netherlands
^ The United Kingdom is composed of the constituent countries England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
^ Territory of Finland.
^ UK administered areas on the island of Cyprus that comprise the Sovereign Base Areas
^ ^a ^b British Overseas Territory.
^ Self-governing province of Denmark.
^ ^a ^b ^c British Crown Dependency.
^ ^a ^b De facto independent republic, with recognition by Russia and Nicaragua only. It is located within the internationally recognized borders of Georgia.
^ De facto independent republic with some international recognition. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on February 18, 2008. It is listed as un-recognised until it attains membership in the United Nations.
^ De facto independent republic, with no international recognition. It is located entirely within the internationally recognized borders of Azerbaijan.
^ De facto independent republic, with no international recognition. It is located within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova.

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