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Italian Republic

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This is the list of the Presidents of the Italian Republic with the title Presidente della Repubblica since 1948. The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Quirinale) in Rome is the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic. The eleven Presidents came from only five Regions: three from Campania (all born in Naples) and Piedmont, two from Sardinia (both born in Sassari) and Tuscany, and one from Liguria.

Presidents of the Italian Republic

Number	Name	Picture	Born-Died	Birthplace	Took Office	Left Office	Party (at the time of election) [1]
1	Enrico De Nicola		1877-1959	Naples	July 1, 1946 as Provisional Head of State January 1, 1948 [2]	May 12, 1948	Italian Liberal Party
2	Luigi Einaudi		1874-1961	Carrù, Cuneo	May 12, 1948	May 11, 1955	Italian Liberal Party
3	Giovanni Gronchi		1887-1978	Pontedera, Pisa	May 11, 1955	May 11, 1962	Christian Democracy
4	Antonio Segni		1891-1972	Sassari	May 11, 1962	December 6, 1964 [3]	Christian Democracy
5	Giuseppe Saragat		1898-1988	Turin	December 29, 1964	December 29, 1971	Italian Democratic Socialist Party
6	Giovanni Leone		1908-2001	Naples	December 29, 1971	June 15, 1978 [4]	Christian Democracy
7	Alessandro Pertini		1896-1990	Stella, Savona	July 9, 1978	June 29, 1985 [5]	Italian Socialist Party
8	Francesco Cossiga		1928-	Sassari	July 3, 1985	April 28, 1992 [6]	Christian Democracy
9	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro		1918-	Novara	May 28, 1992	May 15, 1999 [7]	Christian Democracy
10	Carlo Azeglio Ciampi		1920-	Livorno	May 18, 1999	May 15, 2006 [7]	No party affiliation [8]
11	Giorgio Napolitano		1925-	Naples	May 15, 2006	Present	Democrats of the Left; Democratic Party

Source: www.quirinale.it

Substitution of the Head of State

Sometimes in the Italian republican history, various politicians had to substitute for the Head of State who had dismissed. But only Enrico De Nicola, who was elected as Provisional Head of State by the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1946, had an official title and placed his residence in the Quirinal Palace. All the other men took only the powers, but not the title, of Head of State. After the adoption of the Italian Constitution in 1948, the President of the Senate is eligible to take the powers of Head of State in case of absence of the President of the Republic.

• Alcide De Gasperi, born in 1881 and died in 1954, exercised the powers of Provisional Head of State as Prime Minister of Italy between the departure of King Humbert II on June 12, 1946, and the proclamation of Enrico de Nicola as Head of State by the Constitutional Assembly on July 1, 1946.

• Enrico De Nicola, born in 1877 and died in 1959, was the only man who had the title, and not only the powers, of Provisional Head of State. He assumed the office on July 1, 1946, and became officially the President of the Republic on January 1, 1948, as ordered by the new Constitution.

• Cesare Merzagora, born in 1898 and died in 1991, being the President of the Senate, took the provisional substitution of President Segni after his mental ictus of August 10, 1964, and the ordinary substitution after his resignation of December 6. He exercised the powers until December 29, 1964.

• Amintore Fanfani, born in 1908 and died in 1999, being the President of the Senate, took the substitution of President Leone after his resignation for a bribery scandal on June 15, 1978. He exercised the powers until July 9, 1978.

• Francesco Cossiga, born in 1928, being the President of the Senate, took the substitution of President Pertini on June 29, 1985, just four days before assuming the office of President of the Republic.

• Giovanni Spadolini, born in 1925 and died in 1994, being the President of the Senate, took the substitution of President Cossiga on April 28, 1992. He exercised the powers until May 28, 1992.

• Nicola Mancino, born in 1931, being the President of the Senate, took the substitution of President Scalfaro on May 15, 1999. He exercised the powers until May 18, 1999.

See also

• List of Italian Monarchs for previous Italian Heads of State between 1861 and 1946
• Politics of Italy
• Prime minister of Italy
• List of Prime Ministers of Italy
• Lists of incumbents

References

1. ^ Traditionally, the Presidents have not been members of any political party during their tenureship, in order to be considered above political fights.
2. ^ He did not want to be called President of the Republic, but only Temporary Chief of State, as he had been elected by the Constituent Assembly. Nevertheless, according to the Italian Constitution approved in 1947, he assumed the title of President on January 1, 1948.
3. ^ Resigned for illness.
4. ^ Resigned after a bribery scandal.
5. ^ Resigned to speed the election of the successor.
6. ^ Resigned.
7. ^ ^{a b} Resigned to speed the swear-in ceremony of the successor, who had already been elected.
8. ^ He was a member of the Action Party, but the party ended its existence in 1947.

External links

• (Italian) Presidenza della Repubblica - official site of the President of Italian Republic