From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of inventors from the  Russian Federation,  Soviet Union,  Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia, and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and other ethnicities. This list as well includes those, who was born in Russia or its predecessor states, but later emigrated, and those, who was born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for considerable time (making inventions on Russian soil).

For the full plain list of Russian inventors in Wikipedia, see Category:Russian inventors.

Alphabetical list

Contents: Top · 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Bruno Abakanowicz (1852–1900)  Russian Empire (Poland/Lithuania)	Integraph, spirograph, parabolagraph[1]	Spirograph designs
	Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	camming devices, Abalakov thread (V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor [2][3]	Spring-loaded camming device
	Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Armenia/Azerbaijan/Germany)	tricolor principle of the color television[4]	RGB color model
	Anatoly Alexandrov (1903–1994)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	anti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker)[5][6]	Lenin, the first nuclear icebreaker
	Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982)  Russian Empire  France	pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker)[7]	Pin Art
	Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	ekranoplan, Soviet high-speed hydrofoils[8][9]	Caspian Sea Monster
	Zhores Alferov (born 1930)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	heterotransistor (with Herbert Kroemer), continuous-wave-operating diode laser (with Dmitri Garbuzov)[10][11]	Laser diode array
	Genrich Altshuller (1926–1998)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	TRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")[12]	Structure of TRIZ
	Vasily Andreyev (1861–1918)  Russian Empire	standard balalaika[13][14]	A souvenir balalaika
	Oleg Antonov (1906–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	An-series aircraft, including Antonov A-40 winged tank and Antonov An-124 (the largest serial cargo aircraft, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft Antonov An-225)[15]	Antonov A-40 winged tank
	Lev Artsimovich (1909–1973)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first tokamak[16]	Tokamak draw

B

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Georgy Babakin (1914–1971)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first soft landing space vehicle (Luna 9)[17]	Luna 9 spacecraft
	Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944)  Russian Empire  France (Ukraine) (self-portrait)	Optophonic Piano, pointillist or dynamic military camouflage[18]	A modern Canadian digital camouflage
	Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first rocket launch complex (Baikonur spaceport)[19]	Baikonur spaceport souvenir
	Nikolay Basov (1922–2001)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	co-inventor of laser and maser[20]	Laser beams
	Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Bekhterev’s Mixture (a medicine with a sedative effect)[21]	Sodium bromide, a part of Bekhterev’s Mixture
	Nikolay Benardos (1842–1905)  Russian Empire	arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method)[22]	The first arc welding method, ElectroHephaestus
	Alexander Bereznyak (1912–1974)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (left on photo)	first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev)[23]	BI-1
	Georgy Beriev (1903–1979)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Georgian origin)	Be-series amphibious aircraft[24]	Beriev Be-12 Chayka
	Fyodor Blinov (1827–1902)  Russian Empire	first tracked vehicle (a wagon on continuous tracks), steam-powered caterpillar tractor[25][26]	Blinov's caterpillar steam tractor
	Sam Born  Russian Empire  United States	lollipop-making machine[27]	A particularly large lollipop
	Sergey Brin (born 1973)  Soviet Union  United States	with Larry Page, invented Google web search engine[28]	Google search logo
	Mikhail Britnev (1822–1889)  Russian Empire	first metal-hull icebreaker (Pilot)[29]	Icebreaker Pilot on a postage stamp
	Gersh Budker (1918–1977)  Soviet Union	electron cooling, co-inventor of collider[30][31]	Electron beam
	Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–1886)  Russian Empire	hexamine, formaldehyde, formose reaction (the synthesis of sugar)[32]	Formaldehyde formula

C

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system)[33]	Salyut 1 with docked Soyuz 10 spacecraft
	Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Cherenkov detector[34]	Cherenkov radiation
	Evgeniy Chertovsky (born 1902)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	pressure suit[35]	Yury Gagarin in space suit
	Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier)[36]	A modern air ionizer
	Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545 – 1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia	Tsar Cannon, the largest howitzer ever made[37]	The Tsar Cannon

D

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vasily Degtyaryov (1880–1949)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first self-loading carbine, Degtyaryov-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov Avtomat (the first self-loading rifle)[38]	Degtyaryov with his DA-2 aircraft machine gun
	Yuri Denisyuk (1927–2006)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	3D holography[39]	Denisyuk holography scheme
	Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918)  Russian Empire	Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound[40]	Bisphenol A formula
	Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919)  Russian Empire (Poland, Germany)	three-phase electric power (first 3-phase hydroelectric power plant, 3-phase electrical generator, 3-phase motor and 3-phase transformer)[41]	3-phase electrical generator on exhibition in Frankfurt,1891
	Nikolay Dollezhal (1899–2000)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	AM-1 reactor for the first nuclear power plant and other RBMK-type reactors, pressurized water reactor (VVER)[42]	VVER-1000 nuclear reactor

E

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Ivan Elmanov  Russian Empire	first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages)[43]	Modern Moscow monorail

F

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920)  Russian Empire	Fabergé Eggs[44]	Memory of Azov Egg
	Nicolas Florine (1891–1972)  Russian Empire  Belgium (born in Georgia)	first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely[45]	A modern tandem rotor helicopter
	Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510 – 1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuania	invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia[46]	Fedorov depicted in his typography
	Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	radial keratotomy[47]	Scheme of radial keratotomy
	Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle)[48]	Fedorov Avtomat

G

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Boris Borisovich Galitzine (1862–1916)  Russian Empire	electromagnetic seismograph[49]	An electric seismograph
	Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation  United States	continuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasers[50]	Laser diode array
	Georgy Gause (1910–1986)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibiotics[51]	Gramicidin S formula
	E. K. Gauzen  Russian Empire	early diving costume[52][53]	A Soviet diving helmet
	Andrey Geim (born 1958)  Soviet Union  United Kingdom	graphene[54]	Graphene structure
	Nestor Genko (1839–1904)  Russian Empire	Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system)[55]	Stalin over the map of windbreaks in the Volga region
	Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	hypergolic propellant, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170)[56]	RD-170 rocket engine model
	Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915)  Russian Empire	first modern man-portable mortar[57]	Gobyato's mortar
	Igor Gorynin (born 1926)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels[58] [59]	Titanium
	Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube[60][61]	A modern cathode ray tube
	Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (left on photo)	MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan)[62]	MiG-21

H

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930)  Russian Empire  Switzerland	developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague[63][64]	An injection of anti-plague vaccine

I

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis[65][66][67]	Ilizarov apparatus
	Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history) [68]	Il-2 bombers over Berlin in 1945
	Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (second left on photo)	first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak)[23]	BI-1
	Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow	Russian vodka[69]	Stolichnaya vodka from Moscow

J

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Boris Jacobi (1801–1874)  Prussia  Russian Empire	electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boat[70]	Early electroplating

K

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Mikhail Kalashnikov (born 1919)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined)[71]	AK-47 assault rifle
	Nikolay Kamov (1902–1973)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	armored military autogyro, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters[72]	Kamov Ka-10
	Pyotr Kapitsa (1894–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (left on portrait by Boris Kustodiev, with Nikolay Semyonov right)	first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions[73]	The liquid helium in the superfluid phase
	Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)[74][75]	Radish and cabbage
	Yevgeny Kaspersky (born 1965)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus products[76]
	Adolphe Kégresse (1879–1943)  France  Russian Empire	Kégresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual clutch transmission[77]	Nicholas II Delaunay-Belleville with Kégresse track
	Mstislav Keldysh (1911–1978)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Latvia)	co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Tikhonravov	Sputnik 1 replica
	Alexander Kemurdzhian (1921–2003)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first space exploration rover (Lunokhod)	Lunokhod 1
	Kerim Kerimov (1917–2003)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation (Azerbaijan)	co-developer of human spaceflight, space dock, space station	Vostok 1 mission insignia
	Yulii Khariton (1904–1996)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb	Joe One, the first Soviet atomic test.
	Anatoly Kharlampiev (1906–1979)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Sambo (martial art)[78]	Sport sambo
	Konstantin Khrenov (1894–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	underwater welding[79]	A modern underwater welding
	Semyon Kirlian (1898–1978)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Kirlian photography	Kirlian photo of two coins
	Ivan Knunyants (1906–1990)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Armenia)	capron, Nylon 6, polyamide-6	Caprolactam is used to synthesize Nylon 6
	Konstantin Konstantinov (1817–19 – 1871)  Russian Empire	device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine	Trajectory of a bullet
	Sergey Korolyov (1907–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (born in Ukraine)	first successful intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka), R-7 rocket family, Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite), Vostok program (including the first human spaceflight)	Vostok spacecraft model
	Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920)  Russian Empire	auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement	Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope
	Semen Korsakov (1787–1853)  Russian Empire	punch card for information storage	Korsakov's linear homeoscope
	Mikhail Koshkin (1898–1940)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	T-34 medium tank, the best and most produced tank of World War II[80]	T-34
	Ogneslav Stepanovich Kostovich (1851–1916)  Serbia  Russian Empire	arborite (high-strength plywood)[81][82]	Plywood
	Gleb Kotelnikov (1872–1944)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	knapsack parachute	A modern knapsack parachute packed
	Alexei Krylov (1863–1945)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	gyroscopic damping of ships	Gyroscope
	Ivan Kulibin (1735–1818)  Russian Empire	egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, self-rolling carriage (for the first time featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing), an early optical telegraph[83][84][85]	Kulibin's project of the one-arch bridge over Neva.
	Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships	Obninsk nuclear plant

L

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Dmitry Lachinov (1842–1902)  Russian Empire	mercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, elecrolyser[86]	The details of electrical insulation tester depicted in a Lachinov's book
	Semyon Lavochkin (1900–1960)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	La-series aircraft, the first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut	Lavochkin La-7
	Nikolai Lebedenko  Russian Empire	Tsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in history[87]	Tsar Tank
	Sergei Lebedev (1874–1934)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	commercially viable synthetic rubber	Synthetic rubber making
	Lisitsyns, Ivan Fyodorovich and his brother Nazar Fyodorovich  Russian Empire	samovar[88]	A typical samovar
	Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923)  Russian Empire  United States	electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament	Lodygin's lamp draw
	Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, original Russian hard-paste porcelain (together with Dmitry Vinogradov), re-discovery of smalt[89]	Lomonosov's drawings for his discovery of Venus atmosphere
	Oleg Losev (1903–1942)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	light-emitting diode	Red, green and blue LEDs
	Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Buran (spacecraft), Spiral project[90][91]	Buran carried by the An-225
	Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines[92]	Saturn AL-31

M

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Aleksandr Makarov  Soviet Union  Russian Federation  Germany	orbitrap[93]	Ion trajectories in an Orbitrap
	Stepan Makarov (1849–1904)  Russian Empire	Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice	Icebreaker Yermak on the Baltic Sea before 1917
	Nestor Makhno (1888–1934)  Russian Empire  France (Ukraine)	tachanka	Tachankas on Red Square, 1941
	Victor Makeev (1924–1985)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first submarine-launched ballistic missile	Scheme of R-27 missile of Makeev
	Dmitri Maksutov (1896–1964)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Maksutov telescope	Maksutov telescope scheme
	Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (self-portrait)	matryoshka doll (together with craftsman Vasily Zvyozdochkin)[94]	Original matryoshka doll by Malyutin and Zvyozdochkin
	Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	reflectron (ion mirror)[95]	Reflectron mass spectrometer
	Ilya Mechnikov (1845–1916)  Russian Empire  France	probiotics	Japanese Yakult probiotic
	Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907)  Russian Empire	Periodic table, pycnometer, pyrocollodion, also credited with determining the ideal vodka proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%)	Periodic table from Mendeleev's book
	Artem Mikoyan (1905–1970)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Armenia) (right on photo)	MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich)[62]	MiG-15
	Alexander Mikulin (1895–1985)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar Tank[96][87]	Mikulin and his staff presenting Mikulin AM-34
	Mikhail Mil (1909–1970)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Mi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's most-produced helicopter) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter)	Mil Mi-8
	Pavel Molchanov (1893–1941)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	radiosonde	Balloon radiosonde
	Alexander Morozov (1904–1979)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	T-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34[97][98]	T-54/55 main battle tank
	Sergei Mosin (1849–1902)  Russian Empire	Mosin–Nagant rifle, one of the most produced ever	Mosin–Nagants
	Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich (1660s – 1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?–1750) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	Tsar Bell, the largest bell in the world[99]	The Tsar Bell
	Yevgeny Murzin (1914–1970)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	ANS synthesizer	ANS synthesizer

N

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexander Nadiradze (1914–1987)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (born in Georgia)	first mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S), first reliable mobile ICBM (RT-2PM Topol)[100]	RT-2PM Topol
	Andrey Nartov (1683–1756) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge-boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sight[101][102]	An old lathe (b marks the carriage)
	Sergey Nepobedimiy (born 1921)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm, other Soviet rocket weaponry[103]	Strela 2 surface-to-air missile
	Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure (Ostankino Tower), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000)	540 metre Ostankino Tower in Moscow
	Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888)  Sweden  Russian Empire	first successful oil tanker[104]	A modern oil tanker

O

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903)  Sweden  Russian Empire	the Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator)	Odhner Arithmometer
	Lucien Olivier (1838–1883)  Russian Empire (Belgian or French origin)	Russian salad (Olivier salad)	Russian salad

P

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexey Pajitnov (born 1956)  Soviet Union  United States	Tetris[105]	Tetris figures
	Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	classical conditioning[106]	One of the Pavlov’s dogs with an implanted cannula.
	Vladimir Petlyakov (1891–1942)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	heavy bomber	TB-3 heavy bomber
	Nikolay Pirogov (1810–1881)  Russian Empire	early use of ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations	Diethyl ether
	Fyodor Pirotsky (1845–1898)  Russian Empire	electric tram	Miller's line where Pirotsky's tram was tested
	Nikolai Polikarpov (1892–1944)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik (world's most produced biplane)	Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik
	Ivan Polzunov (1728–1766)  Russian Empire	first two-cylinder steam engine	Polzunov's steam engine
	Mikhail Pomortsev (1851–1916)  Russian Empire	nephoscope	Nephoscope measures the parameters of clouds
	Alexander Popov (1859–1906)  Russian Empire	lightning detector (the first lightning prediction system and also first radio receiver), co-inventor of radio	Popov and his radio
	Nikolay Popov (1931–2008)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first fully gas turbine main battle tank (T-80)[107]	T-80 main battle tank
	Aleksandr Porokhovschikov (1892 – 1941–43)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Vezdekhod (the first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track amphibious ATV)[108]	Vezdekhod tank in 1915
	Alexander Procofieff de Seversky (1894–1974)  Russian Empire  United States	ionocraft, first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, also developed air-to-air refueling	Modern air-to-air refueling
	Alexander Prokhorov (1916–2002)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	co-inventor of laser and maser	Laser beams
	Petro Prokopovych (1775–1850)  Russian Empire (Ukraine)	early beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties	A shallow super frame filled with honey
	Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863–1944)  Russian Empire  France	early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures	Prokudin-Gorsky's method

R

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Peter I of Russia (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	sounding line with separating plummet[109]	Sounding line throwing
	Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973)  Russian Empire  United States (born in Belarus, Jewish descent)	modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)[110][111][112]	A modern brassiere
	Boris Rosing (1869–1933)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side[113][114]	A modern cathode ray tube
	Eugene Roshal (born 1972)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver[115]	FAR Manager screenshot

S

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexander Sablukov (1783–1857)  Russian Empire	centrifugal fan	Components of a centrifugal fan
	Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989)  Soviet Union	explosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb, co-developer of tokamak	Hollow tube generator
	Franz San Galli (1824–1908)  Russian Empire (Italian and German descent, born in Poland)	radiator, modern central heating[116][117]	A household radiator
	Pavel Schilling (1780–1836)  Russian Empire (Estonia)	first electromagnetic telegraph, naval mine with an electric fuse	Cooke and Wheatstone's telegraph, inspired by Schilling's one
	Guy Severin (1926–2008)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	extra-vehicular activity supporting system[118]	Alexey Leonov, the first human to make a spacewalk (Voskhod 2 flight)
	Leonty Shamshurenkov (1687–1758) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	a device for lifting the Tsar Bell, the first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge[119][84]	A reconstruction of Shamshurenkov's self-running carriage
	Pyotr Shilovsky (1871 – after 1924)  Russian Empire  United Kingdom	gyrocar[120]	Shilovsky's gyrocar in 1914, London
	Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	thermal cracking (Shukhov cracking process), thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, the first modern elevated oil pipeline, cylindric oil depot[121]	Shukhov Tower in Moscow
	Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972)  Russian Empire  United States	first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft (Russky Vityaz), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber (Ilya Muromets), modern helicopter, Sikorsky-series helicopters	Sikorsky Skycrane carrying a house
	Vladimir Simonov (born 1935)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	APS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistol[122][123]	APS Underwater Assault Rifle
	Nikolay Slavyanov (1854–1897)  Russian Empire	shielded metal arc welding[124]	Shielded metal arc welding
	Alexander Smakula (1900–1983)  Russian Empire  United States (Ukraine)	anti-reflective coating	Multicoated photographic lens
	Igor Spassky (born 1926)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Sea Launch platform	Sea Launch platform Ocean Odyssey
	Ladislas Starevich (1882–1965)  Russian Empire  France (Polish descent)	puppet animation, live-action/animated film[125][126]	Scene from The Cameraman's Revenge animation (1911)
	Boris Stechkin (1891–1969)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Lebedenko's Tsar Tank, developer of many Soviet heat and aircraft engines[127][87]	Sikorsky Ilya Muromets
	Aleksandr Stoletov (1839–1896)  Russian Empire	first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect	A modern solar cell
	Pavel Sukhoi (1895–1975)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Su-series fighter aircraft	Su-1
	Andrei Sychra (1773–76 – 1850)  Russian Empire (born in Lithuania, Czech ancestry)	Russian seven-string guitar	Russian guitar
	Vladimir Syromyatnikov (1933–2006)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms	The original APAS-75 docking unit draw

T

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Igor Tamm (1895–1971)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	co-developer of tokamak	Tokamak draw
	Léon Theremin (1896–1993)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  United States  Russian Federation	theremin, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device)	Etherwave Theremin
	Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Keldysh, designer of further Sputniks	Sputnik 1 orbiting the Earth
	Gavriil Tikhov (1875–1960)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	feathering spectrograph	Scheme of a spectrograph work
	Fedor Tokarev (1871–1968)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle (main Soviet guns of World War II)	A Soviet soldier with TT-33
	Yuri Trutnev (born 1927)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	co-developer of the Tsar Bomb	Tsar Bomba-type casing on display at Sarov
	Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, (1857–1935)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	spaceflight (theory principles that led to numerous inventions)	Tsiolkovsky's drawings of astronaut in space
	Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919)  Russian Empire	chromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography, the first chromatography method)	A modern gas chromatography system
	Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet)	Tupolev Tu-144
	Andrei Tupolev (1888–1972)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	turboprop powered long-range airliner (Tupolev Tu-114), turboprop strategic bomber (Tupolev Tu-95)	Tupolev Tu-95

U

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets[128]	RT-23 in the St Petersburg railway museum

V

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project)	Zveno-1
	Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	budenovka military hat	Red Army soldiers in budenovkas
	Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron[129][130]	A modern synchrotron scheme
	Dmitry Vinogradov (c.1720-5 – 1758)  Russian Empire	original Russian hard-paste porcelain (together with Mikhail Lomonosov)	Modern production of Imperial Porcelain Factory co-founded by Vinogradov
	Ivan Vyrodkov (? – 1563–64) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia	battery tower[131]	A battery tower was used in the Siege of Kazan

W

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Paul Walden (1863–1957)  Russian Empire  Germany (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent)	Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid)	Ethylammonium nitrate formula

Y

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894)  Russian Empire	Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp)	Yablochkov demonstrates his illumination in Paris, 1878
	Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet)	Yakovlev Yak-9, the main Soviet fighter of World War II
	Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964)  Russian Empire  France  United States	modern ship hull design	SS Normandie
	Sergei Yudin (1891–1954)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations[132]	World War II syringe for blood transfusion

Z

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexander Zalmanov (1875–1965)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	turpentine bath	Cardiovuscular turpentine treatment statistics
	Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917)  Russian Empire (Poland)	Esperanto language	Flag of Esperanto
	Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world	A modern Russian gas mask
	Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921)  Russian Empire  Russian SFSR	an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank[133][87]	A modern wind tunnel
	Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982)  Russian Empire  United States	Iconoscope, kinescope	Zworykin's draft of a UV-microscope, similar to iconoscope
	Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	matryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin)[134]	Matryoshka doll taken apart

See also

• Russian inventions
• Russian culture
• List of inventors

References

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