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The AK-47 assault rifle designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov and chambered for the intermediate 7.62x39mm cartridge. It is the most widely known assault rifle in the world.

An assault rifle is a selective fire rifle or carbine typically firing ammunition with muzzle energies and sizes intermediate between those of handgun and more traditional high-powered rifle ammunition. Assault rifles are categorized between light machine guns, intended more for sustained automatic fire in a support role, and submachine guns, which fire a handgun cartridge rather than a rifle cartridge. Assault rifles are the standard small arms in most modern armed forces, having largely replaced or supplemented larger, more powerful rifles, such as the World War II-era M1 Garand and Tokarev SVT. Semi-automatic rifles are not assault rifles as they are not selective fire (however in media firearms reporting the term 'assault rifle' usually refers to visual appearance rather than intrinsic functionality). However, similar full sized weapons, with full-auto capabilities chambered in full-sized rifle rounds, are known as Battle rifles. Examples of Battle Rifles are the FN FAL, H&K G3 and M14 rifle. Belt-fed weapons or rifles with very limited capacity fixed magazines are generally not considered assault rifles. This list includes some of the more notable Assault Rifles, but also covers some Battle Rifles.

Name/ designation	Year of intro	Country of origin	Primary cartridge	Major users
Ak 5	1985	Sweden	5.56x45mm NATO	Sweden
Ak 5 is the Swedish version of Belgian FN FNC. It is the main service rifle of the Swedish Armed Forces.
AK-47	1947	Soviet Union	7.62x39mm	Russia, many others
The simple, easy to manufacture AK-47 was one of the earliest designs for an assault rifle. Once designed and distributed by the Soviet Union for use by the Warsaw Pact nations, it has become the most widespread, most copied assault rifle design in the world.
AK-74	1974	Soviet Union	5.45x39mm	Russia, many others
The AK-74 is an adaptation of the AKM (which used the 7.62x39mm cartridge) down to the smaller 5.45x39mm cartridge.
AK-100	1990s	Russia	7.62x39mm, 5.45x39mm	Russia, many others
In the 1990s, Izhmash designers developed the unified complex of Kalashnikov assault rifles chambered for domestic 7.62 x 39mm, 5.45 x 39mm cartridges as well as the 5.56 x 45mm NATO cartridge to expand the export capabilities of the enterprise. These assault rifles can be supplied to traditional Russian clients and NATO standard-oriented countries. The complex comprises assault rifles for general purpose use (AK-74M, AK-101, AK-103) and for auxiliary designation (AK-102, AK-104, AK-105). All of them feature a high degree of unification in the construction of the assemblies and parts as well as the in technology of their manufacture.
AKM	1959	Soviet Union	7.62x39mm	Russia, many others
The AKM is a redesign of the AK-47 made for ease of mass production. The design is simplified somewhat which also reduced the substantial weight of the AK-47, while adding to its accuracy and reliability.
AO-38	1965	Soviet Union	5.45x39mm	Never in active service
The AO-38 is the first assault rifle to use the Balanced Automatic Recoil System(BARS) to improve stability giving better accuracy over AK-74's. Its derivatives are the AK-107 and AEK-971.
AO-62	1965	Soviet Union	5.45x39mm	Never in active service
The AO-62 was an AK derivative that is recoil operated with a special device that can resist recoil when the first three rounds are fired. This rifle predates the similarly operated Heckler & Koch G11 and AN-94 assault rifles.
AO-63	1986	Soviet Union	5.45x39mm	Russia (Abakan Trials)
The AO-63 was intended as a more accurate alternative to the standard issue AK-74 with capabilities firing from 850 to a theoretical 6,000RPM when the two round burst selected making it effective against body armour. It was used during the Abakan trials with the AN-94 being the winner.
ASH-82	1982	Albania	5.45x39mm	Albania
ASH-82 (in Albanian for Albanian Automatic type 1982) is a clone of the Type 56 assault rifle
AVB-7.62	1990s	Russia	7.62x39mm/7.62x54mm	Never in active service
The AB and AVB rifles were designed to reduce recoil force by using a Lever-Delayed Blowback operation and came in both Assault and Battle rifle forms. One variant was produced in Czechoslovakia in the 7.62x51mm NATO calibre. These rifles were not adopted by any military.
Beretta AR70/90	1980s/1990s	Italy	5.56x45mm NATO	Italy
First born in the early 1970s, its early incarnation (the AR-70/.223) was jointly developed with SIG and saw use only within some Italian Special Forces as well as exports and civilian sales. The design was later modernized to comply with NATO standards, and became in the late 1980s the main assault rifle of the Italian military, retaining such role up to date. The most widely issued version of this weapon is the SC-70/90 folding-stock variant.
CETME	1950s	Spain	7.62x51mm NATO	Spain
Based on the prototype Sturmgewehr 45 design, the CETME would, in turn, be influential on the design of the Heckler & Koch G3 family of rifles. The CETME was used by the Spanish military.
CETME Model L	1981	Spain	5.56x45mm NATO	Spain
The CETME Model L was a similar weapon to the HK33 and HK G41. It has been replaced by a Licenced copy of the H&K G36.
Chropi rifle	1975	Greece	7.62x51mm NATO	Never in active service
The Chropi rifle was a battle rifle manufactured by Chropei. It was cheap and easy to produce but was found to have no advantages over the Heckler & Koch G3 in Greek service. After Chropei went bankrupt, the remaining batches of Chropi rifles ended up in Hellenic Army storage facilities.
Colt Canada C7 rifle	1982	Canada	5.56x45mm NATO	Canada and others
The C7 is a Canadian variant of the M16. It is the service rifle of the Canadian Forces, and is also used by the military forces of Norway, Denmark, Iceland, and the Netherlands, and by United Kingdom Special Forces.
ČZ 522	1950s	Czechoslovakia	7.62x45mm vz. 52	Never in active service
The ČZ 522 was an assault rifle of Czechoslvak origin prior to the Vz. 58, designed by Jiří Čermák at České zbrojovky. It used components similar to that of a German MG34 and slight resemblence to the StG-44 and StG-45.
ČZ 2000	1991	Czechoslovakia	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
Intended to replace the aging Sa vz. 58 as Czecosolvakia's (later Czech Republic and Slovakia) main service rifle, the prototype was tested but never adopted into service. The program was discontinued in 2007.
Daewoo K2	1984	South Korea	5.56x45mm NATO	South Korea, Fiji, Peru, Nigeria
The K2 is the primary service rifle of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. It is based on the designs of the M16 and AK-47 although the parts are not interchangeable.
Diseños Casanave SC-2005	2005	Peru	5.56x45mm NATO	Peru
The SC-2005 is an FN FAL derivative with external parts from the IMI Galil and M4 Carbine.
EM-2	1951	United Kingdom	.280 British	Never in active service
The EM-2 was an experimental British bullpup assault rifle. It was designed to fire the experimental .280 British round that was being considered to replace the venerable .303 British. The rifle was never brought into service, but it did help lay the groundwork for the development of later, more successful British bullpup rifles such as the SA80.
FAD assault rifle	2008	Peru	5.56x45mm NATO	Peru (not yet in service)
The FAD(Fusil Automático Doble) is a Bullpup assault rifle currently under development by SIMA Electronica, A 40mm pump action grenade launcher is also to be installed to it.
FAMAS	1978	France	5.56x45mm NATO	France and others
The bullpup designed FAMAS is the service rifle of the French military. The weapon is also the primary infantry weapon of Djibouti and is used by the Philippine National Police Special Action Force.
FARA 83	1983	Argentina	5.56x45mm NATO	Argentina, Venezuela
Externally resembling the Israeli IMI Galil, internally similar to the Heckler & Koch HK33, the FARA 83 was designed in Argentina to become the service rifle for the Argentine Army. The rifle was brought into service starting in 1984, but never replaced the existing FMAP FSL variant of the Belgian FN FAL which remains Argentina's main service rifle to the present day.
FM57 rifle	1957	Sweden	6.5x55mm	Never in active service
The FM57 was a prototype rifle designed on and intended to replace the Ag m/42.
FN CAL	1966	Belgium	5.56x45mm NATO	Gabon, Lebanon
The FN CAL was designed to be a lower cost, easier to manufacture alternative to the existing FN FAL, although the two guns are not directly related. The CAL never met with any significant interest and was later dropped in favour of the even less expensive FN FNC.
FN F2000	2001	Belgium	5.56x45mm NATO	Belgium and others
The F2000 incorporates many advanced features into its ambidextrous bullpup design. The F2000 is currently in use by Belgian special forces and is being considered as a possible replacement for the FN FNC as the service rifle for the Belgian armed forces.
FN FAL	1953	Belgium	7.62x51 NATO	Many NATO nations and others
Widely used for decades, the FN FAL is one of the more successful assault rifle designs with over one million believed to have been manufactured. The FAL has now been replaced in many arsenals by newer weapons, but the design remains popular and is still in service in many countries.
FN FNC	1979	Belgium	5.56x45mm NATO	Belgium and others
A much better received follow-up to the less successful FN CAL, the FNC has been the main service rifle of the Belgian military since its introduction. Variations on the design have been adopted in several countries with the Swedish Ak 5 and the Indonesian Pindad SS1 being among the more notable examples.
FN SCAR	2007	Belgium	5.56x45mm NATO	United States (experimental)
The SCAR is Belgian arms maker Fabrique Nationale de Herstal's entry into (and eventual winner of) the U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM)'s SCAR competition to select a new rifle for special forces. The weapon is still in production and has not yet entered service.
Franchi LF-58	1958	Italy	.30 Carbine	Never in active service
The Franchi LF-58 is a carbine of Italian origin chambered in .30 Carbine. The weapon is gas operated and comes with a side folding wire stock similar to that of the LF-57 submachine gun.
Franchi LF-59	1959	Italy	7.62x51mm NATO	Never in active service
The Franchi LF-59 is a Battle Rifle heavily based on the FN FAL. The weapon shared the same reliability as the FAL but the Italian forces selected the BM-59.
FX-05 Xiuhcoatl	2006	Mexico	5.56x45mm NATO	Mexico
The Xiuhcoatl was designed and built in Mexico to be the next generation service rifle for the Mexican Army. Though similar to the Heckler & Koch G36, the two are different enough that Heckler & Koch elected not to pursue proposed copyright infringement claims.
GRAM 63	1963	Sweden	7.62x51mm NATO	Never in active service
The GRAM 63 was intended to replace the Ljungman series of service rifles and the 6.5x55mm round. Instead, The Swedish government selected the Bofors Ak4(H&K G3).
Heckler & Koch G11	1980s	West Germany	4.73x33mm caseless	Never in active service
Developed in the 1970s and 1980s as a non-production prototype platform for experimental caseless ammunition.
Heckler & Koch G3	1958	West Germany	7.62x51mm NATO	Germany, many NATO and others
The main service rifle of the Bundeswehr (German armed forces) for several decades. Beginning in 1995, the German army largely phased out the G3 in favour of the newer Heckler & Koch G36, but the rifle remains popular throughout the world and is used, in some capacity, by armies on five continents.
Heckler & Koch G36	1995	Germany	5.56x45mm NATO	Germany, many NATO and others
Developed as a successor to the Heckler & Koch G3, the G36 is currently the service rifle of the Bundeswehr (German armed forces.) It is also widely used by other armies and police forces worldwide.
Heckler & Koch G41	1981	West Germany	5.56x45mm NATO	Italy, Spain, Sri Lanka, Turkey
Produced in small numbers as an intended replacement for the Heckler & Koch HK33, The G41 never found the major military market at which it was aimed and the rights to the design were later sold to Italian arms manufacturer Luigi Franchi. Production has since been discontinued.
Heckler & Koch HK33	1960s	West Germany	5.56x45mm NATO	Brazil, Turkey, Thailand, others
The HK33 was designed as an addition to the successful Heckler & Koch G3 family of weapons. It was designed mostly for export and was never used militarily by the Bundeswehr (German armed forces.) The rifle has sustained moderately widespread use in various parts of the world for several decades. The weapon is also used by police forces in several countries.
Heckler & Koch HK416	2005	Germany	5.56x45mm NATO	Norway, Turkey, United States, others
Designed along the lines of the M4 carbine, the HK416 was built with an eye towards taking over the market share currently held by the M4. It is currently in limited use by the United States Army and by special forces units from Malaysia, Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the United States. The rifle has also, reportedly, been selected by Norway and Turkey to become their primary service rifles.
Heckler & Koch HK417	2005	Germany	7.62x51mm NATO	Albania, Mexico, France, Netherlands, others
Based on the HK416 and rechambered for the 7.62x51mm NATO-cartridge, the HK417 although technically a battle rifle is designed more for use as a "designated marksman" rifle, with its increased cost and accuracy weighed against decreased rate of fire and magazine capacity of normally 20 rounds. For use in support and sustained fire applications though, the HK417 can also be fitted with a 50-round, low profile drum magazine.
Howa Type 89	1989	Japan	5.56x45mm NATO	Japan
The Howa Type 89 is currently in service with the Japan Self-Defense Forces, Japan Coast Guard and the Japanese Special Assault Team. It has never been exported due to strict Japanese anti-export laws.
IMBEL MD2	1985	Brazil	5.56x45mm NATO	Brazil
Brazilian arms manufacturer IMBEL's MD2 is based on the design of the Belgian FN FAL and is the current service rifle of the Brazilian Army.
IMI Galil	1972	Israel	5.56x45mm NATO	Israel and others
Based on the Finnish Rk 62 (in turn based on the AK-47,) the Galil is used by the military and police forces in several nations including Colombia, Estonia, Israel, Italy, Nepal, and others. It is available in several configurations, some using the 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge.
IMI Tavor TAR-21	2002	Israel	5.56x45mm NATO	Israel and others
The bullpup designed TAR-21 has been selected to become the new service rifle for the Israel Defense Forces. The rifle is also on order for the special forces or police of several other nations.
INSAS rifle	1997	India	5.56x45mm NATO	India, Nepal
The INSAS is a composite design drawn from several existing rifles including the AK-47, FN FNC, AK-74, IMI Galil, and the Heckler & Koch G3. It is the service rifle of the Indian army and has also been exported to neighbouring Nepal.
Interdynamics MKR	1980s	Sweden	4.5x26mm	Never in active service
The MKR assault rifle is chambered in a small calibre round to reduce recoil but retaining good accuracy and ballistics, The weapon and calibre proved successful but never got beyond prototype stage .
Interdynamics MKS	1970s	Sweden	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
The MKS assault rifle has a high rate of fire but most notably has the magazine for its grip.
Kbk wz. 1988 Tantal	1988	Poland	5.45x39mm	Poland, Iraq
The Tantal is a Polish designed and produced assault rifle based on the highly successful AK-47 family of rifles.
Kbs wz. 1996 Beryl	1996	Poland	5.56x45mm NATO	Poland
Designed to replace the older AK-47 and AK-74 models then in use, the Beryl quickly became the main service rifle of the Polish Armed Forces.
LAPA FA-03	1970s	Brazil	5.56x45mm NATO	Brazil (BOPE)
A Bullpup design far ahead of its times, produced with great usage of polymer materials, the LAPA FA-03 was manufactured only in few hundred samples. With both domestic military adoption and foreign sales crippled by Brazilian policy, this rifle is still today kept in stock by some Brazilian Police units.
Leader Dynamics T2 MK5	1980s	Australia	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
The Leader Dynamics T2 MK5 represents an attempt to produce Australia's first domestically designed and produced gas-operated auto-rifle for the Australian Army. The rifle was never brought into service.
L64/65	1970s	United Kingdom	4.85x49mm	Never in active service
The L64/65 was an intermediate step in the design of British bullpup style assault rifles. Though this rifle was never used by any military force, it helped lay the foundation for the successful SA80 series of weapons.
Madsen LAR	1962	Denmark	7.62x51mm NATO	Never in active service
The Madsen LAR was a battle rifle manufactured from aerospace grade aluminium with gas parts from chromium plated steel which early M16 rifles lacked. A 7.62x39mm M43 variant was also trialled by the Finnish Army. The weapon was claimed extremely reliable and came with fixed and folding stocks. Due to the mass sales of the FN FAL and Heckler & Koch G3, the Madsen LAR was considered before its time and therefore ceased.
M4 Carbine	1994	United States	5.56x45mm NATO	United States, many others
A shorter, lighter version of the M16, the M4 is heavily used by the United States Armed Forces especially for close quarters combat, special operations, and other roles where small size is a major factor. The M4 and its many variants have also been exported to a number of nations around the world.
M16 rifle	1961	United States	5.56x45mm NATO	United States, many others
The M-16 has been the primary service rifle of the United States Armed Forces since its introduction in 1961. The rifle has also been used, in one variation or another, by dozens of other nations making it one of the most popular assault rifle designs ever.
MSSR	1996	Philippines	5.56x45mm NATO	Philippine Marines, Philippine Navy Naval Special Warfare Group (NSWG)
The Marine Scout Sniper Rifle or MSSR is a semi-automatic sniper rifle developed from the Colt M16A1 rifle by the Philippine Marine Corps Scout Snipers due to the lack of a dedicated sniper rifle, which was used since the Armed Forces of the Philippines has been plagued with the issue of having the necessary funds needed to maintain their weapons and equipment.
Pindad SS1	1991	Indonesia	5.56x45mm NATO	Indonesia, Cambodia, Nigeria, and United Arab Emirates
The Pindad SS1 is an Indonesian designed variation of the Belgian FN FNC specially adapted for the needs of a jungle environment. The weapon soon gained acceptance as the main service rifle of the Indonesian armed forces.
Pindad SS2	2006	Indonesia	5.56x45mm NATO	Indonesia
An updated version of the Pindad SS1, the SS2 is currently being phased in as the service rifle of the Indonesian armed forces.
QBZ-95	1997	China	5.8x42mm DBP87	People's Republic of China, Cambodia, Sri Lanka QBZ-97 in service with the 911 Special Forces of Cambodia-champered for the 5.56x45mm NATO
A Bullpup design introduced to replace the aging AK47-based rifles in Chinese service, the QBZ-95 was first introduced when the United Kingdom returned control of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China. Fires the proprietary 5.8x42mm DBP87 cartridge solely intended for the Chinese military, but the QBZ-97 export variant chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO saw some foreign sales as well as civilian adaptations.
QBZ-03	2003	People's Republic of China	5.8x42mm DBP87	People's Republic of China, in limited service with the People's Liberation Army
R4 assault rifle	1980	South Africa	5.56x45mm NATO	South Africa, Hatian police
Developed in 1980 for the South African Defence Force to replace the R1, which was a variant of the Belgian FN FAL, The R4 was first issued during the early 1980s. Its design can trace its ancestry back through the Israeli IMI Galil, and the Finnish Rk 62, back to the AK-47.
RH-70	1970	West Germany	5.56x45mm	Germany
The RH-70 was a bullpup rifle intended to supplement and eventually replace the H&K G3 in Bundeswehr service using the same action. It somewhat had a "Thumbhole" stock and the ambidextrous ability to enable left/right handed shooters to fire it.
Rk 62	1962	Finland	7.62x39mm	Finland
Based on the design of the AK-47, the Rk 62 is the service rifle of the Finnish Defence Forces.
Rk 95 TP	1990s	Finland	7.62x39mm	Finland
The Rk 95 was accepted in limited numbers into the Finnish Defence Forces as a possible future replacement for the Rk 62, though this may or may not ultimately occur.
Rung Paisarn RPS-001	1986	Thailand	5.56x45mm NATO	Thailand
A development of the Czechoslovak Sa vz. 58 assault rifle chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO with components from the M16A2.
Sa vz. 58	1958	Czechoslovakia	7.62x39mm	Czechoslovakia and others
Easily mistaken for the oft-copied AK-47, the Sa vz. 58 is a unique design that has seen service with several nations' armies including the present day Czech Republic, and Slovakia.
SA80	1985	United Kingdom	5.56x45mm NATO	United Kingdom, Jamaica, Zimbabwe, Nepal
The SA80 is the primary service rifle of the United Kingdom. Its bullpup design springs from four decades of development that saw such earlier, less commercially successful designs as the EM-2 and the L64/65.
SAR-80	1980s	Singapore	5.56x45mm NATO	Singapore and others
Born in the early 1980s out of the cooperation between the Sterling Armament Company of United Kingdom and Chartered Industries of Singapore, the SAR-80 was a conventional design based upon the American Armalite AR-18 fed by STANAG magazines. Saw very little rear-line use in its homeland, but has since been spotted in conflicts and civil wars in eastern Europe, Asia and Middle East.
SAR-21	1999	Singapore	5.56x45mm NATO	Singapore and others
Unveiled in 1999, the SAR-21 is now the service rifle of the Singapore Armed Forces. It is also in service with the armed forces of Brunei, Indonesia, and Morocco, as well as the special forces of Bangladesh.
San Cristobal	1950	Dominican Republic	.30 Carbine	Cuba, Dominican Republic
A derivative of the Danuvia 43 submachine gun chambered in the .30 carbine round. This weapon is still in use with the Dominican Military Academy.
SIG SG 510	1957	Switzerland	7.5x55mm GP11	Switzerland, Chile, Bolivia
Once the service rifle of the Swiss Army it is now largely phased out in favour of the newer SIG SG 550. It can still be seen in service in the armed forces of Chile and Bolivia.
SIG SG 540 Series	1970s	Switzerland	5.56x45mm NATO & 7.62x51mm NATO	Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Chad, Chile, Ecuador, France, Indonesia, Jordan, and others
The SG 540 series, consisting of the SG 540 and SG 543 Carbine in 5.56x45mm NATO and the SG 542 chambered for the 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge, has entered service with the armed forces of several countries in Africa, Asia and South America as well as numerous law enforcement and security agencies. Most notably the SG 540 served as the basis for the SG 541 prototype, which would later become the SIG SG 550.
SIG SG 550	1986	Switzerland	5.6 mm Gw Pat 90	Switzerland and others
Built as a successor to the SIG SG 510, the SG 550 is the standard service rifle of the Swiss Army based on the earlier design of the SIG SG 540. The rifle has been exported for use by the armies of Chile, France, Indonesia, and Spain, and counter-terrorism units in Germany and Serbia. The SG 550 is also used by some federal agencies in the United States and by the Papal Swiss Guard at the Vatican.
SOAR	2006-present	Philippines	5.56x45mm NATO	The Special Operations Assault Rifle was used by Special Action force (SAF).
Sterling SAR-87	1987	United Kingdom	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
The SAR-87 was a derivative of the Armalite AR18, It was a reliable design but rejected as the SA80 was selected by the British Forces so it remained as a prototype but formed the basis of various Singapore produced weapons like the SR-88.
Steyr ACR	1987	Austria	5.56x45mm flechette	Never in active service
The Steyr ACR was an entry in the United States Army's Advanced Combat Rifle program. The experimental flechette firing weapon was not adopted by the US Army and the rifle has not seen active service.
Steyr AUG	1978	Austria	5.56x45mm NATO	Austria and others
The Austrian Army's main service rifle, the AUG uses a bullpup design that is modular and very adaptable. The same gun can be quickly fitted with an assortment of barrels and switched for left or right-handed operation. The AUG is used by a number of military forces and government agencies worldwide.
Stoner 63	1963	United States	5.56x45mm NATO	United States (limited, no longer in service)
The Stoner 63 was a family of infantry weapons including assault rifles and light machine guns produced in the 1960s for the United States Armed Forces. The US Navy SEALs and the US Marine Corps field tested the rifles in limited numbers, but the weapons system was never widely used and had been completely phased out by the late 1980s.
Sturmgewehr 44	1944	Nazi Germany	7.92x33mm Kurz	Nazi Germany (WWII)
Considered by many to be the first true assault rifle, the StG44 was the first weapon to see widespread action that combined the portability and powerful cartridge of a rifle with the automatic firing rate of a machine gun. Previous, similar designs such as the American Thompson submachine gun and M3 submachine gun had fired less powerful pistol cartridges and were, therefore, not true assault rifles.
StG45	1945	Nazi Germany	7.92x33mm Kurz	Nazi Germany (WWII)
This was the last attempt for Nazi Germany to produce an assault rifle but cheaper and easier to produce/maintain etc. Like the previous and similar Sturmgewehr 44, It retained the same ammunition/ergonomics/magazines but instead used a roller-locking system that later became used in the CETME/Heckler & Koch series of weapons.
TKB-022PM	1962	Soviet Union	7.62x39mm	Never in active service
The TKB-022PM was a prototype bullpup carbine designed for Armoured Vehicle crew members. It has also been one of the most unusual designs to draw mass attention to firearms enthusiasts as its external layout was bakelite and has the magazine at the very far back it required a vertically moving bolt and a separate rammer/extractor to cycle its operation. Apart from this, Russian Generals thought this weapon was complicated and far ahead of its time and didn't trust if it could withstand harsh battlefield conditions and years of storage.
TKB-059	1966	Soviet Union	7.62x39mm	Never in active service
The TKB-059 assault rifle was a bullpup weapon with rapid burst capabilities. It had a unique recoil operation with the spent brass ejecting downwards behind the magazine area enabling the weapon to be used ambidextrously. The TKB-059 recoil operation was used as the basis of the AN-94.
TKB-517	1950s	Soviet Union	7.62x39mm	Never in active service
Designed to be an easier to produce, more accurate and reliable alternative to the externally similar AK-47, the TKB-517 was never adopted by the Soviet military.
T65 assault rifle	1976	Republic of China	5.56x45mm NATO	Taiwan, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Panama
The T65 was the main service rifle of Taiwan's ROC Army from 1976 through the mid-1990s when it was phased out in favour of the newer T86 and T91 models.
T86 assault rifle	1998	Republic of China	5.56x45mm NATO	Taiwan, Jordan
Similar in design to the American M16, the T86 was slated to replace the older T65 model as the service rifle of Taiwan's ROC Army, but the intended replacement was delayed and the T86 was superseded by the T91 and was only deployed in limited numbers.
T91 assault rifle	2003	Republic of China	5.56x45mm NATO	Taiwan, Jordan, Kuwait
A continuation of the T86 assault rifle's design, the T91 incorporated more features from other existing weapons such as the M16 and the Heckler & Koch G36. The T91 is currently the primary service rifle of Taiwan's ROC Army.
Type 56 assault rifle	1970s	China	7.62x39mm	China, many others
The Type 56 assault rifle is a Chinese copy of the Kalashnikov AK-47 assault rifle, which has been manufactured since 1956. The Type 56 is likely the most widely proliferated AK-47 type rifle in the world having shown up on battlefields in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, South America, etc.
Type 63 assault rifle	1970s	China	7.62x39mm	China, Albania, Cambodia, Vietnam
Externally similar to the Chinese SKS rifle, the mechanism is more closely related to the AK-47. The Type 68 is currently no longer in service with the Chinese armed forces; during the Cold War, it has been given in quantities to Albania, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
Type 81 assault rifle	1980s	China	7.62x39mm	China and others
The Type 81 combines elements of several earlier rifles to create a design that is externally similar to the AK-47 family of rifles, but with significant internal differences. The Type 81 was the service rifle of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from the mid-1980s until 1995.
Valmet M82	1978	Finland	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
Only about 2,000 M82s were built during its brief life. The bullpup style rifle was tested in small numbers by Finnish paratroopers, but found to be unsuitable.
Vektor CR-21	1997	South Africa	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
The CR-21 is a bullpup design of assault rifle introduced as a proposed successor to the South African Army's current R4 assault rifle. The rifle has not yet been selected by any military force and remains a prototype.
Vepr	2003	Ukraine	5.45x39mm	Ukraine (not yet in service)
The Vepr is the first assault rifle designed and built in the Ukraine. The weapon—a bullpup modification of the AK-74--is listed by the Ukrainian government as a sub-machinegun, but it fires a rifle cartridge and is, therefore, an assault rifle. The Vepr is slated to be introduced into service with the Ukrainian Ground Forces by 2010.
VHS Assault Rifle	2007	Croatia	5.56x45mm	Croatia, Kuwait, Venezuela
The VHS assault rifle was first introduced in Karlovac in 2007. In October 2008, it was published into the ground force of Croatia. It is currently the service rifle of Croatia. Venezuela and Kuwait have shown interest for the rifle.
Wimmersperg Spz-kr	1945	Nazi Germany	7.92x33mm Kurz	Nazi Germany (WWII)
One of the desparate attempts by the Third Reich to manufacture an assault rifle from existing firearm parts, most notably from Sten MKII and StG-44 components.
XM8 rifle	2002	United States	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
Jointly designed by German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch, the United States Army, and the US company General Electric, the XM8 was intended to be the next generation of light assault rifle for the US Army; the project was formally cancelled in 2005, but the prototypes are sometimes still used for comparative testings with other rifle designs.
Z-M Weapons LR 300		United States	5.56x45mm NATO	Never in active service
The LR 300 is a variation on the general design of the M16; it has never been used in military service.
Zastava M21	2004	Serbia	5.56x45mm NATO	Serbia and others
The Zastava M21 is based on the ubiquitous AK-47 family of weapons, but chambered for the 5.56x45mm NATO cartridge. It is currently in service with the military of Serbia.
Zastava M70		Yugoslavia	7.62x39mm	Serbia and others
The Zastava M70 is very closely related to the famous AK-47. The rifle has seen service with several armies including that of Serbia, its producer.
Zastava M77		Serbia	7.62x51mm NATO	Serbia and others
The Zastava M77 is a Serbian made variation of the AK-47.
ZB-530	1954	Czechoslovakia	7.62x45mm vz. 52	Never in active service
The ZB-530 was an assault rifle chambered in the 7.62x45mm vz52 round. The rifle was fed from a top mounted 30 round box magazine. After the sucsess of the ZB vz. 26 and Bren light machine guns, the Czech government felt that a lightweight derivative of these weapons as an assault rifle was to be the standard rifle of the Czech forces.