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These are characters from the animated American TV series Family Guy. Characters are only listed once, normally under the first applicable subsection in the list; very minor characters are listed with a more regular character with whom they are associated. Characters that appear in only one episode are not listed.

The Griffin family

• Peter Griffin (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – An "average," not particularly competent American father, Peter is a selfish, irresponsible, obese and is a heavy drinker. His IQ falls near the borderline of mental retardation. It is also referenced in the episode "The Juice Is Loose" that he shook one of his children, Peter Griffin, Jr. to death, saying "I thought if I shook him enough he'd stop crying. I was kinda right". Peter's complicated ancestry, a recurring theme on the show, includes two different Irish fathers and an African American slave owned by Lois's ancestors (as referred to in the episode Peter Griffin: Husband, Father...Brother?). He is a nominal Roman Catholic.
• Lois Griffin (voiced by Alex Borstein) – Lois is the more than average housewife/mother. She is a stay-at-home mother that juggles her piano lessons, kids, and husband all in one day, while she dodges her matricidal infant Stewie.
• Meg Griffin (voiced by Lacey Chabert in Season 1, Mila Kunis in Season 2-present) – Meg, the first child and only daughter, is a self-conscious and unattractive teenage girl. The other family members treat her as an object of abuse.
• Chris Griffin (voiced by Seth Green) – Chris, the second child, is fat, blond, emotionally effusive, and afraid of the evil monkey that lives in his closet, but in the episode "Hannah Banana" he finds out the evil monkey turned out not to be evil.
• Stewie Griffin (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – Stewie is the baby, but often behaves in adult ways such as upper-class speech (though he is only fully understood by Brian and Chris). He talks in posh vocabulary, carries weapons, and invents new technology. In early seasons, Stewie is bent on murdering his mother; in later seasons, he is portrayed as sexually ambiguous, with suggestions of homosexuality. He also exhibits infantile traits, such as treating his teddy bear Rupert as if it were a living person.
• Brian Griffin (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – The family's anthropomorphic talking dog, Brian is portrayed as intelligent, and often points out how ridiculous Peter's ideas are. He dates various human women, enjoys the opera and theater, and exhibits opinions about politics. His deep feelings for Lois are a running theme in the show, expanded upon in the episode in "Brian in Love" and "Play It Again, Brian". In the episode "The Former Life of Brian," he discovers that he has a son named Dylan.

Other relatives of the Griffins

Peter's family

• Francis Griffin (voiced by Charles Durning) – Peter's curmudgeonly Irish American surrogate stepfather. An obsessively devout Roman Catholic, he disliked Lois because she is a Protestant (to the extent that he spray-painted "To a Protestant Whore" under the "Just Married" sign on their car during their wedding), disapproved of his son's family's lifestyle, and frequently attempts to force his religious views on them, going so far as to force Peter to baptize Stewie in tainted holy water in "The Father, the Son, and the Holy Fonz". Despite all of this, he truly did love and care for Peter, and showed on multiple occasions to care for his grandchildren. Francis used to have a job at a metal fabrication plant; after his short retirement, he became a body guard for the Pope. Francis died on Meg's 17th birthday when Peter, dressed up as a clown, got drunk and tried to ride a unicycle down the stairs. He ended up falling off the stairs and landing on top of Francis, breaking all of his ribs, rupturing his spleen, and puncturing his lung; despite the whole family's efforts to save him, Francis died in the hospital. His last words were "Peter, . . . you're a fat stinking drunk!", which is later revealed to be a clue to win over his real father. Francis appears as a ghost in the episode "Family Goy" to tell Peter not to convert to Judaism.
• Thelma Griffin (voiced by Florence Stanley in the episode "Holy Crap", Phyllis Diller in all subsequent appearances) - Ex-wife to Francis and mother to Peter. She is 82 years old (as stated in the episode "Mother Tucker"), has gray hair and noticeable wrinkles below her eyes, and wears purple earrings and a purple bead necklace. She also wears glasses like her son and husband and is a heavy smoker. Unlike Francis, she is generally friendly and personable, and gets along well with Lois. Before Francis' death, she divorced him because she had "needs he didn't fill."
• Mickey McFinnigan (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) - Peter's biological father and native Irishman known for his constant drinking habits and grungy persona. Resembling Peter in size, voice, and appearance, McFinnigan is first shown in the episode "Peter's Two Dads" when Peter leaves America for McSwiggin Village, Ireland to locate his real father. Originally, McFinnigan doubts his fathership to Peter and it is not until Peter defeats McFinnigan, the town drunk, in "a game of drink" that proves their father-son relationship.

Lois's family

• Carter Pewterschmidt (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – Billionaire industrialist, shipping mogul, and owner of U.S. Steel with investments in the timber industry (though he later loses this and becomes owner of CNN and TNT), and member of a yacht club. He is shown to be friends with other powerful people such as Michael Eisner and Bill Gates. He hates Peter with a passion and makes frequent jokes and does various things to embarrass and or cause Peter pain. Though on rare occasions he and Peter share a friendship and work together, normally with a common goal (such as regaining his fortune or swaying Lois away from her modeling career). He loves Lois but sometimes doesn't listen to her and tries to boss her around. Husband to Barbara, father to Lois, Carol, and Patrick. He also is frequently talking about the show Medium, so it is presumed to be his favorite show. It has been noted in certain episodes that Carter and Quahog physician Dr. Hartman, have the same voice.
• Barbara Pewterschmidt (voiced by Alex Borstein) – Wife to Carter, mother to Lois, Carol, and Patrick. Often called "Babs" by Carter. It is noted on a few occasions Barbara only married Carter for his wealth and family heritage. She is less hostile towards Peter than her husband. In appearance, she is basically an older version of Lois. In the episode titled Family Goy, it is revealed she is a Jewish survivor of the Holocaust, and her family name was originally Hebrewbergmoneygrabber. In the episode Running Mates, she is described as passive aggressive.

Brian's family

• Jasper (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – Brian's flamboyantly gay cousin, known for constantly telling dirty jokes. He is married to a "skinny, hairless Filipino boy" named Ricardo. Brian roomed with Jasper when he moved to Hollywood to be a writer.
• Biscuit - Brian's mother who in the episode "Road to Rhode Island", he learns that she died, has been stuffed and was turned into a table. Brian then steals her, giving her a proper burial. When Brian asks Stewie if he wants to say anything Stewie says "I never knew Biscuit as a dog, but I did know her as a table. She was sturdy, all four legs the same length."
• Cocoa- Brian's father. Not much is known about him except that he was killed by being hit by a milk truck. This was mentioned by Chris when Brian introduced himself to Chris' English class and said that Mr. Griffin was his father in the episode "Fast Times at Buddy Cianci Jr. High".

Neighbors

A number of characters in the show live on the same street, Spooner Street, near the Griffins.

The Browns

• Cleveland Brown (voiced by Mike Henry) – Peter Griffin's mild-mannered African American friend, Cleveland owns and runs a deli. Following his departure from Quahog, the character became the star of his own spin-off series, The Cleveland Show.^[1]
• Loretta Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein) – Cleveland's ex-wife, and the mother of Cleveland, Jr. Early in the show, Loretta had a minimal quantity of lines, the bulk of which were "Mm-hmm!"^{[citation needed]} She also mispronounces Stewie's name regularly, calling him names "Stubby" or "Stoolie". She treats Cleveland harshly, and eventually cheats on him with Glenn Quagmire, leading them to divorce.^[2] In the episode "Love Blactually", it is revealed she has regretted her actions and wants Cleveland back, but he refuses her advances. Cleveland informs her he needs to move on, and advises her to do the same. Though she takes Cleveland's house in the divorce, she puts it up for sale.
• Cleveland Brown, Jr. (voiced by Mike Henry in Family Guy, Kevin Michael Richardson in The Cleveland Show) – In his appearances on Family Guy, he is the hyperactive son of Cleveland and Loretta. He leaves Quahog with his father in the first episode of The Cleveland Show. In the spin-off, he has become severely obese, and less hyperactive. Made only three friends Nathan, Lane and good trusting relationship with Ernie.

The Goldmans

• Mort Goldman (voiced by John G. Brennan) – A Jewish pharmacist with Polish ancestry, and one of Peter's friends. He runs Goldman's Pharmacy and is married to Muriel and has one son, Neil. A Jewish stereotype, Mort's defining characteristics are his whiny neuroticism and his chronic hypochondria.
• Muriel Goldman (voiced by Nicole Sullivan) – Mort's wife.
• Neil Goldman (voiced by Seth Green) – Mort and Muriel's geeky son. Neil is a stereotypical nerd who has a crush on Meg Griffin, who does not return his affections. He is more confident than his father, so much so that he doesn't seem to realize that Meg has nothing but contempt for him. Neil has a very squeaky-sounding voice when he has his retainer in, but when he takes his retainer out his voice becomes extremely deep (voiced by Seth MacFarlane)

Herbert

• Herbert (voiced by Mike Henry) – Herbert is an elderly pedophile who resides just down the street from the Griffin Family and lusts after Chris. In the episode "Play It Again, Brian", Chris finally realizes this and asks Herbert, "Are you a pedophile?" However, Herbert's answer, if any, is not shown. He has a dog named Jesse, who is unable to use his hind legs and is very old, like his master. In the episode "No Chris Left Behind", Herbert is shown to be the Grand Master of the Skull and Bones society at Morningwood Academy. He pronounces sibilant consonants with a high-pitched whistle. He also plays Obi-Wan Kenobi in the "Blue Harvest" and "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side" episodes. He is also a United States Army veteran. In an interview, Mike Henry stated that he based Herbert's voice on an old man he used to meet at a grocery store.^[3]

Quagmire

• Glenn Quagmire (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – The Griffins' next-door neighbor and Peter's friend, whom Peter met in the Navy.^[4] He is an airline pilot, but is best known for his sexual deviancies, and secretly having a foot fetish. He exhibits a vocal tic, the sound "giggity" once or numerous times in rapid succession, particularly when aroused. On several occasions, it is shown that he is in love with Peter's wife, Lois. He is also a United States Navy veteran.

The Swansons

• Joe Swanson (voiced by Patrick Warburton) – The Griffins' paraplegic neighbor and Peter's friend. He was injured in his job as a police officer before moving to Quahog, though some episodes show he has been a paraplegic since he was young. His injury was shown in a flashback in the episode "A Hero Sits Next Door" (although the movie dramatization portrayed in the episode "Ready, Willing and Disabled" portrays an out-numbered Joe getting beaten up on the street). He used to live in Providence, Rhode Island. He also has severe anger issues.
• Bonnie Swanson (voiced by Jennifer Tilly) – Joe's calm and soft-spoken wife, who had been pregnant from her first appearance in "A Hero Sits Next Door" in season one until "Ocean's Three and a Half" in season seven, when she finally gave birth to a daughter, named Susie. Her prolonged pregnancy was pointed out by Peter in the season four episode "Blind Ambition" and again when Susie was born.
• Kevin Swanson (voiced by Jon Cryer in the episode "There's Something About Paulie," Seth MacFarlane in other appearances) - Joe and Bonnie's son and first child. He was mainly seen in the first three seasons, only making a few occasional appearances after that and never any speaking parts. The Family Guy staff would often joke about Kevin's disappearance and sporadic appearances on episode commentaries, comparing him to Chuck Cunningham from Happy Days. Finally in the episode "Stew-Roids", Joe said that Kevin died in Iraq indicating that he was fighting in the Iraqi War.
• Susie Swanson – Joe and Bonnie's baby daughter and born in "Ocean's Three and a Half". Susie beats up Stewie in "Stew-Roids", which resulted in Stewie being forced by Peter to build muscles.

The Tuckers

• Tom Tucker (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – The arrogant, baritone male news anchor at Channel 5. Tom tends to insult everybody around him, particularly Diane Simmons, his co-anchor. He dislikes her and frequently trades insults with her on-air. This seems to have been toned down in the show's revival. His family includes Sarah his second wife, and a son named Jake, whose face is upside down, from his first marriage. Tom was briefly Thelma Griffin’s boyfriend and acted like a stepfather to Peter in “Mother Tucker”. In "The Kiss Seen Around the World" he is shown to care more about his ratings than Neil Goldman, who is about to jump to his death from the top of City Hall. In the pilot, he is named Mike. MacFarlane stated that Tom Tucker's voice is the easiest to do for him, and he was "sort of modeled after the cigarette spokesman from the 1940s commercials".^[5]
• Jake Tucker (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) – Tom Tucker's deformed son and Chris' former classmate. Jake has an "upside-down face" with a mouth near the top of his head and eyes near the bottom.

Citizens of Quahog

• Mayor Adam West (voiced by Adam West) – The mayor of Quahog. He is highly eccentric (possibly quite insane) and paranoid politician (having all graves in Quahog filled with cement due to his fear of zombies). Though his fears are usually unfounded, in some cases he is right in being paranoid (like when encounters the Noid and kills it to prevent it from ruining his pizza). He has been shown to be corrupt and generally irresponsible (taking bribes and using of tax dollars to build a solid gold statue of the Dig 'Em Frog as tribute to the victims of the "recent Gulf conflict"). He has little in common with his real life counterpart. He has once been held hostage by Brian Griffin.
• Jillian Russell (voiced by Drew Barrymore) – Brian's sexy, bulimic and somewhat mentally challenged ex-girlfriend, portrayed as a stereotypical blonde. First appeared in "Whistle While Your Wife Works". She is the only girlfriend that Brian has dated for more than one episode, and was a recurring character in Season 5. He stays with her purely for sex. She breaks up with Brian in "Movin' Out (Brian's Song)" when it is revealed that Brian did not want a committed relationship with her, and she briefly dated Mayor West. She got married in the episode "We Love You Conrad". Like Brian, she perfectly understands what Stewie says.
• Horace (voiced by John G. Brennan) – Proprietor and bartender of The Drunken Clam. Has been shown to have been working there for as least as long as Peter and his friends have been regulars. In "Lethal Weapons", he had his beer kegs and the remote to his TV stolen by New Yorkers, and he was shot. He survived, and made several more appearances throughout the fourth and fifth seasons. He sold his bar to Nigel Pinchley after a hurricane, but reclaimed ownership after Nigel committed insurance fraud and was deported back to Britain to be hanged.
• Bruce (voiced by Mike Henry) – Though he was not given a name until more recent seasons, he has appeared in several episodes without being named on-screen. He even comments on it the first time his name is spoken in the series. Bruce is a moustached Southerner who speaks in a calm, drawn-out voice with a slight lisp. He has several catchprases, including "Oh No!". He has been seen with a variety of jobs, including a clerk of a horror novelty shop, a medium, a priest, a therapist and a lawyer. He has also been seen teaching a CPR course and is a member of the school board committee of James Woods Regional High School. It is revealed that Bruce has at least two cats, is possibly homosexual, and has a partner called Jeffrey. He is usually seen wearing a blue button down shirt and a brown vest, but in "Chitty Chitty Death Bang" he is seen wearing a hoodie which looks like the Outfit that Peter Parker wears from Spider-Man, and in "The Cleveland-Loretta Quagmire", he is seen wearing a green sweater. Although Bruce himself is generally limited to occasional, random appearances, his voice is also lent to a number of anthropomorphic creatures, including a large bee, a mutated rat, the shark from Jaws and the Xenomorph from Aliens. In "Blue Harvest", he played the role of Greedo. He also makes an appearance as Admiral Piett on the Imperial Star Destroyer in the episode "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side".
• Dr. Hartman (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) - A doctor that works at Quahog's hospital. He temporarily loses his medical license in "Stewie Loves Lois" when Peter accuses him of rape (Hartman had in fact merely performed a prostate exam). He manages to regain his license after treating Peter's urinating problem. Seth MacFarlane uses the same voice for both Dr. Hartman and Carter Pewterschmidt, which is referenced in the show. He also makes an appearance as Rebel General Carlist Rieekan in "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side".
• Judge (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - An unnamed judge that presides over trials involving any of this show's characters. In one such trial, Peter was being tried for accidentally blowing up a children's hospital and the judge sentenced him to be incarcerated for seven days. "You'll be free by 9 p.m. on Sunday," referring to the show's traditional time slot.

Peter's colleagues

Peter has held many jobs. A small number of his colleagues have been shown on screen.

Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory

• Jonathan Weed (voiced by Carlos Alazraqui) – Peter's homosexual boss at the toy factory (based on Hasbro, headquartered in Pawtucket, RI)^{[citation needed]}, who spoke with a Hispanic accent (except in the pilot) and was described as an "effeminate weirdo" by his employees. He disapproved of nearly all of Peter's actions, mainly because most of them were detrimental to the company, and has fired or come close to firing Peter on multiple occasions. In "Mr. Saturday Knight" he was invited to the Griffins' house for dinner, where he died choking on a dinner roll shortly after promoting Peter to head of toy development. In his will, he had the factory demolished to pave the way for the development of a hospital for the terminally ill. His great-grandfather's surname was 'Bermudagrass' after the weed-like, invasive species of ground cover Bermuda grass. He is later mentioned by Stewie right before he attempts to kill Lois in "Lois Kills Stewie".^[6] Weed bears a strong resemblance to Quagmire, though no relationship between the two has ever been mentioned.

Pawtucket Brewery

• Angela (voiced by Carrie Fisher) – Peter's supervisor, in charge of the shipping department. Repeatedly awards Opie as employee of the month and promotes him.
• Opie (voiced by Mark Hentemann) – Opie is a mentally disabled co-worker and ward of the state at Peter Griffin's workplace, the Pawtucket Patriot Brewery. He has won "Employee of the Month" more than once and has since been promoted ahead of Peter.

Characters based in other locations

Some characters are based in other locations, such as Meg's and Chris' school. Additionally, regular cutaway gags feature the newsreaders as the local TV network.

James Woods Regional High School

• Principal Shepard (voiced by Gary Cole) - The principal of James Woods Regional High School.
• Connie D'Amico (voiced by Fairuza Balk in Seasons 1 and 2, Lisa Wilhoit in all seasons afterwards) – The most popular girl in school. Connie is portrayed as extremely egotistical, shallow and vain. She shows great disdain toward Meg and plays cruel pranks on her with her friends. However, more than once Connie has formed an alliance with Meg; while this is usually to further her own social standing, at least once — in the episode "Stew-Roids" — Connie turns to Meg after she realizes what it is like to be shunned and mercilessly taunted by her classmates. In "Dial Meg for Murder" she and her friends taunt Meg after Meg is released from prison, but Meg beats them up with a bag of soda cans and then kisses Connie.

Channel 5 (WQHG)

• Tom Tucker (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) - The news station's news anchor and host. He often exchanges insults with fellow anchor Diane Simmons.
• Diane Simmons (voiced by Lori Alan) – The news station's news anchor and talk show hostess. In the episode "The King Is Dead", it is revealed that her birth name was Diane Seidelman. She and fellow anchor Tom Tucker often trade insults live on the air. Her largest role to date on the show has been when Peter hired her to play Anna in his version of The King and I; she quit after he kept changing everything. It is revealed that her husband killed himself.
• Tricia Takanawa (voiced by Alex Borstein) - Typically referred to as "Asian reporter Tricia Takanawa", she speaks in a monotone cadence that Borstein has described as "all presentation and no substance".
• Ollie Williams (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – The news station's Black-U-Weather Forecast reporter. Ollie Williams is a fast-talking black man who works at the Quahog News Station. Ollie never speaks for more than about 1–3 seconds at a time (which may be a loosely based reference to Al Roker). His news reports are always rapidly spoken and loud. The only time he was ever calm was in "420", having smoked marijuana.

Recurring characters

• Shamus (voiced by Seth MacFarlane) - Shamus is a tough fisherman with wood for arms and legs. While spending time with Peter and the gang in a steam room, it is revealed his whole body from the neck down is wood. He is also blind in one eye, and so wears a black eye-patch. He is a blatant parody of fictional salty sea-dogs and pirates. He has a habit to emerge from the shadows and warn Peter of any dangers when Peter is at sea. In multiple episodes, Shamus jokingly mentions that his father was a tree.
• Death (voiced by Norm Macdonald in the first appearance, Adam Carolla in later appearances) - Death is a skeleton in a black robe and seldom removes his hood; underneath his hood is a human skull with spiders and snakes crawling in and out of the eye sockets, mouth and ear cavities, as seen in "Death Lives". In the episode "I Take Thee Quagmire", it is revealed that anyone who touches his bones dies instantly.He was almost cast as the emperor in "Somthing Something Something Dark Side" But it was decided Carter Pewterschmidt had the better voice.
• Evil Monkey (voiced by Danny Smith)^[7] - The Evil Monkey is a monkey living in Chris' closet, who scares Chris whenever he jumps out of the closet by pointing at him with an evil grimace and a strange tremble (which the monkey says is a copper deficiency). The family thinks the Evil Monkey is a figment of Chris' imagination and they ignore his pleas. In "Hannah Banana", Chris does poorly on a test at school and blames the Evil Monkey, who he says scared him while he was trying to study. Peter and Lois are fed up with Chris talking about the monkey, but are taken aback when Chris proves it is real by capturing it and showing it to them. The Evil Monkey turns out not to be evil after all. He explains he was forced to move into Chris' closet after his wife had an affair and divorced him (revealed in the episode "Ready, Willing, and Disabled"), and pointing at Chris was only his way of trying to make conversation. Chris is at first unconvinced, but when Monkey helps him write a book report with a passing grade, Chris becomes great friends with him. Soon Chris realizes that Peter never gave as much attention to him as Monkey has just now and grows to resent him, while Peter becomes jealous of Monkey. Monkey helps Peter and Chris make up according to Lois' wishes. Eventually, Monkey moves out of Chris' closet and parts ways with him, saying "I'll go where I'm needed", and moves to Jake Tucker's closet as his new haunt. The monkey's trademark grimace and pointing was the idea of writer Mike Barker.^[8]
• Ernie the Giant Chicken (voiced by Danny Smith) - A giant chicken that often fights with Peter Griffin.
• Greased-up Deaf Guy (voiced by Mike Henry) – He has been featured in several cameos since his first appearance in the episode "The Thin White Line". He can speak well, but somewhat out of tone, accentuating his parody of the hearing-impaired. He is always shown running, and even when stopped, he will continue to run in place and flail his arms. He was named Jay after an audience member by the same name in "Family Guy Live" queried his name in a Q&A Session. He will move away in Business Guy as he goes on to become a character in The Cleveland Show called Jerry. Jerry will be more of a businessman character and will hate everything, and will only be deaf in one ear.^[9]
• James Woods (Himself) - James Woods is a famous actor. He was invited by Peter Griffin to help deal with the name change for James Woods Regional High School. While Brian was busy dating Shauna, Peter became friends with James Woods. Peter and Woods remain friends until Brian breaks up with the teacher and starts hanging out with Peter again. Woods is jealous and becomes very crabby towards Peter and Brian. Brian and Stewie later set a trap by laying a long line of recies peices out and then trapping him in a crate, then sent to a warehouse by "top men" (parodying the final moments of the Ark of the Covenant in Raiders of the Lost Ark). He returns in "Back to the Woods" where he steals Peter's wallet during a Barry Manilow concert and assumes Peter's identity. After attempts to get back with his family, Peter has Brian get Stewie to forge James Woods' ID and discredit him on The Late Show with David Letterman. After that worked, James Woods shows up and challenges Peter to a fight. Peter and Brian once again lure him into the same trap again and is once again sent to a warehouse by "top men." In Something, Something, Something, Dark Side, James Woods makes an appearance as General Maximilian Veers. James Woods is scheduled to return in an upcoming "Whodunnit"-themed episode.
• Jesus (voiced by Seth MacFarlane in early episodes, Alec Sulkin in later episodes) - Jesus Christ appears in numerous episodes of "Family Guy", but is best known for his role in the episode "I Dream of Jesus" when Peter finds him working in a record store. Nobody knows Jesus is there (except for the Griffin family) until he walks across water when Peters money flies away and into a fountain. He quickly becomes famous, and gets arrested upon being found in Mary-Kate Olsen's apartment face down and unconscious. He used his powers to force Peter to pay his bail. When it is time for him to leave, he leaves Peter with a copy of the record "Surfin' Bird." In "Family Goy," Jesus appears and points out to Peter that Catholicism and Judaism are very similar for the fact that Jesus himself is Jewish.

Bibliography

• Family Guy: The Official Episode Guide Season 1–3, New York: Harper Collins, 2005-11-01, ISBN 978-0060833053 

References