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Yemen is a one party dominant state in which the General People's Congress (GPC) holds power. Opposition parties are allowed, but are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.
Yemen's Political Parties Law mandates that political parties be viable national organizations comprising at least 75 founders and 2,500 members and not restrict membership to a particular region.[1] The government provides financial support to political parties, including a stipend for newspaper publication.[1]
The GPC captured 238 of 301 seats in parliament in the 2003 elections.[1] In the September 2006 elections for local and governorate councils, the GPC garnered 315 seats in the governorates (74 percent of the popular vote) and 5,078 local council seats (74 percent of the popular vote).[1] In 2005 a coalition of five opposition parties formed the Joint Meeting Parties (JMP) to effect political and economic reform.[1] The JMP includes the northern-based, tribal, and Islamist-oriented Yemeni Congregation for Reform (Islah) and the secular Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), which represents the remnants of the former South Yemeni leadership.[1] In the September 2006 presidential election, the JMP backed opposition candidate Faisal bin Shamlan, whose success in garnering 22 percent of the popular vote was viewed at the time as a first step in challenging the political stronghold of President Salih and the GPC.[1] However, disputes between the GPC and the JMP in 2007 over election law amendments, coupled with the JMP’s opposition to President Salih’s proposed democratic reform measures, have halted initial attempts to forge a dialogue between the two parties.[1]
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