This is a list of the reptiles species recorded in Canada. There are few reptiles in Canada, as only a few species have been able to adapt to the diverse, generally colder Canadian climate. Most species are confined to the southernmost parts of the country. At higher latitudes, the harsh conditions, especially in winter, make it impossible for these cold-blooded animals to survive.
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Of the order Squamata, lizards and snakes are represented. There are no known amphisbaenids native to Canada.
There are exactly five species of lizards occurring in Canada:
The taxonomy of the Short-horned Lizard is unclear. Recent research suggests that it is two distinct species, as indicated by the scientific names given above (thus granting Canada six species of lizards). However, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada has reported the P. douglasii as "extirpated" in British Columbia as of 1992. Since the species seems to thrive in the neighbouring U.S. regions of the Columbia River basin, it seems likely that it continues to inhabit small areas of British Columbia.
Of the order Testudines, turtles, tortoises and terrapins are all represented, with species like Painted turtles and Red-eared sliders for terrapins. Testudines are common in all of Canada's provinces, with the exception of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Like the amphisbaenids, there are no known native species of the Orders Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials, caimans and alligators) or Sphenodontia (tuatara, found only in New Zealand) in Canada.
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