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Leghorn Livorno |
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| — Comune — | |||
| Comune di Livorno | |||
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Leghorn
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| Coordinates: 43°33′N 10°19′E / 43.55°N 10.317°ECoordinates: 43°33′N 10°19′E / 43.55°N 10.317°E | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| Region | Tuscany | ||
| Province | Livorno (LI) | ||
| Frazioni | Castellaccio, Gorgona, Limoncino, Quercianella, Valle Benedetta | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Alessandro Cosimi | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 104.8 km2 (40.5 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) | ||
| Population (21 December 2009) | |||
| - Total | 160,931 | ||
| - Density | 1,535.6/km2 (3,977.2/sq mi) | ||
| - Demonym | Livornesi, also Labronici | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 57100 | ||
| Dialing code | 0586 | ||
| Patron saint | Santa Giulia da Corsica | ||
| Saint day | May 22 | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Livorno 
listen
(help·info), also called
Leghorn (pronounced /ˈlɛɡərn/) in English, is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of
Livorno and the third-largest port on the western coast of
Italy, having a population of approximately 160,000 residents as of
the year 2009.
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Livorno was defined as an "ideal town" during the Italian Renaissance. Today, it reveals its history through the structure of its neighbourhoods, crossed by canals and surrounded by fortified town walls, through the tangle of its streets, which embroider the town's Venice district, and through the Medici Port characteristically overlooked by towers and fortresses leading to the town centre. Designed by the architect Bernardo Buontalenti at the end of the 16th century, Livorno underwent a period of great town planning expansion at the end of the 17th century. Near the defensive pile of the Old Fortress, a new fortress, together with the town-walls and the system of navigable canals, was then built.
In the late 1580s, Ferdinando I of Tuscany declared Livorno a porto Franco, which meant that the goods traded here were duty free. The Leggi Livornine were laws in force between 1590 and 1603. These laws helped the trading activities of the merchant, freedom of religion and amnesty for some penance. Thanks to these laws, Livorno became a cosmopolitan city and one of the most important ports of the entire Mediterranean area. Many foreigners moved to Livorno; Armenians, Dutch, English, Greeks, and Jews, were among those who relocated to live and trade. Some Moriscos (Muslim Spaniards forcibly converted to Catholicism), much later, also moved to Livorno (from Spain and during the 18th century). On the 19th of March 1606, the Granduca di Toscana Ferdinando I de' Medici, in the Fortezza Vecchia Chapel of Saint Francis of Assisi elevated Livorno to the rank of city.
During the Napoleonic Wars, trade with Britain was prohibited and the economy of Livorno suffered greatly. Then, in 1868, after Livorno became part of the new Kingdom of Italy, it lost its by then traditional status of free port and the city's importance declined.
Nowadays the Venice district preserves most of its original town planning and architectural features such as the bridges, the narrow lanes, the noblemen's houses and a dense network of canals which once linked the port to its storehouses. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Livorno, by then grown up and open to the world, had a lively appearance marked by neo-classical buildings, public parks housing important museums and cultural institutions, "Liberty" villas with sea views and the market.
The Museo Mascagnano houses memorabilia, documents and operas by the great composer Pietro Mascagni. Every year some of his operas are traditionally played during the lyric music season, which is organised by the Traditional Theatre of Livorno. Also the “Terrazza Mascagni”, a walkway divided from the sea by a handrail, is named in honor to Pietro Mascagni.
Up in the hills the Sanctuary of Montenero, which is dedicated to Our Lady of the Graces, the patron saint of Tuscany, is a fixed destination for pilgrims. It is famous for the adjacent gallery, decorated with ex-voti mainly connected to stories of miraculous sea rescue.
The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Moors"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno.
In Livorno there is an important square called "Piazza della Repubblica" that contains two important monuments of Italian politicians. Thus, this square is also a bridge: in fact, under the bridge there is an old, big canal. Piazza della Repubblica is the largest bridge of Europe.
Another important monument is the old fortress; an old building made with red bricks that at the time of Medici defended the city from pirates attacks. It has 3 bastion, named “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. The old fortress was made before the Renaissance. The new Fortress, distinct from the old one, was made at the end of the 16th century.
There are some graveyards where foreign people who moved to Livorno used to be buried.
Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921.
There is a breed of chicken called leghorn, named after the city. This in turn gave its name to the cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn.
Tuaca liqueur is produced in Livorno as is Galliano. The city also has a substantial petrochemical industry.
The nearest airport is the main airport of Tuscany, Galileo Galilei Airport, which is about twenty kilometers away.
The city is served by Livorno Centrale station.
Livorno has a football team in Serie A, A.S. Livorno Calcio. The football club reflects the left-leaning tendencies of the city with Livorno Calcio's left-wing ultras.
Livorno inhabitants speak a colourful variant of the Tuscan dialect of Italy named vernacolo, which is especially characterized by the popular interjection dé, which has a very wide range of meanings, usually recognizable only by the tone of the pronunciation, and a tourist is soon discovered if they pronounce the word as dè, because it is not the correct pronunciation.
There is a satirical comic/magazine written mainly in the Livornese dialect called Il Vernacoliere.
Livorno is twinned with:
Bat
Yam, Israel
Cerignola, Italy
Guadalajara, Castile-La
Mancha, Spain
Haiphong, Vietnam
Novorossiysk, Russia
Adana, Turkey
 Fosso Reale |
 View of Livorno |
 Old Fortress |
 New Fortress |
 Duomo of Livorno |
 Castle of Baron Sidney Sonnino |
 Monumento dei Quattro Mori |
 Piazza della Repubblica |
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Livorno is in Tuscany.
Livorno is on the Tyrrhenian sea and is the second biggest port in Italy.
Pisa airport (code: PSA) Galileo Galilei.
Main train station is Livorno Centrale. Take bus number 1 to go to town center and then to the port in about 20 minutes.
Autostrada A12, uscita Livorno; for maps and tolls see: [1] (no pages in English as per 14 November 2004).
From Pisa, Piombino, Florence and other cities.
Direct ferry routes exist to Barcelona, Bastia, Golfo Aranci, Olbia, Palermo and Porto Vechio. It is best to book early to avoid over booking.
Many cruise ships stop here for at least a full day to allow guests to tour Florence and/or Pisa. Guests not taking cruise ship arranged tours can take a shuttle (supplied by the port) to the the downtown area. It offers a decent shopping experience, but not compared to Florence. A further 10-20 minute walk (or another bus ride) gets you to a train station. There you can take frequent departures for either Pisa or Florence. If hoping for the latter, ask for a train that goes to the Firenze Santa Maria Novella. Locals will happily help.
Bus number 1 is a shuttle from train station to the port and vice-versa. Ticket for one hour of travel is 1,00 Euros, daily ticket is 3,20 Euros. For self-reliant cruise passengers, this is part of the most economical way to reach trains to Pisa and Florence. A map is online [2].
Cantina Senese in Borgo Cappucino famous for Caccucio and Black Rise
"Ponce alla livornese" is optimal to finish a meal (warm drink with coffee and rum).
Livorno is a good starting point and base for a tour of Tuscany. You can reach Pisa in half an hour, Lucca and Florence in about an hour. (See note under "Get in" "By Boat" above) In a well-organized day you can tour Chianti-side going to Monteriggioni, San Gimignano, Siena and Volterra and be back for dinner; return before cruise ship departure could be problematic.
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Plural |
Livorno
Wikipedia it
Livorno f.
Livorno is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy.
Contents |
Today, Livorno is known for the fortified town walls and for the small streets. Many foreigners moved to Livorno such as Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Dutch, and English. Some Moriscos (Muslim Spaniards forced to turn Catholic), much later, also moved to Livorno (from Spain and during the 18th century).
Bridges, houses and streets, mostly from the neo-classical era are in the district of Livorno.
The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Turks"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno.
Another important monument is the old fortress which has 3 bastions called “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. It was made before the Renaissance.
Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921.
Tuaca liqueur is produced in Livorno. The city also has a petrochemical industry.
Livorno has a football team in Serie A, A.S. Livorno Calcio.
Livorno inhabitants speak a Tuscan dialect of Italian, called vernacolo.
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   | Municipal website - Comune di Livorno |
| | Photographic map of Livorno - FOTO LIVORNO Il portale della città |
| | ItalianVisits.com - ItalianVisits.com - Welcome to Livorno in Tuscany |
| | Map of Livorno - Map of Livorno. Map with satellite views of Livorno - Tuscany on ForumForUs |
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