Macedonian refers to people or things from Macedonia, in any of several meanings of that term.
More specifically, it may refer to:
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Macedonian is the main language of Macedonia. The language is closely related with Bulgarian, and the differences between them are often blurry when spoken. Most Macedonians will understand Bulgarian without the need of a translator. Another language widely spoken in Macedonia is Albanian.
The Macedonian language ought to be an easy language to learn and get used to since each letter contains its own sound and you'll shall not encounter any letter change. The vowels are similar to the Spanish vowels and they give out the same sounds at all times.
Macedonian has 31 sounds. Spelling does not present any difficulties because there is one symbol for each sound. Pronunciation of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets shall be given here. Every letter written in Macedonian Cyrillic is supposed to read.
As a rule of thumb, if the Macedonian word has three or more syllables, the emphasis will fall on the third syllable counted from the end of the word. If the word has less then three syllables, the first from the beginning is stressed. Example: Благодарам [bla-GO-daram], утро [UT-ro]
The Macedonian vowels are similar to the Spanish vowels.
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Common signs
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Macedonians generally take their main meal at midday or early afternoon.
On the signboards there are no translations so it will be good to know this words when you are traveling: Village-село(on the signboards you will see "selo") Town\City-град(grad) River-река(reka) Lake-езеро(ezero). Yet other signs will only show pictures not words. So its best you get a road sign information before you travel any foreign country in case you have to rent a car.
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Common signs
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Macedonian (not comparable)
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Superlative |
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Singular |
Plural |
Macedonian (plural Macedonians)
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Singular |
Plural |
Macedonian
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<< Macedonian | Macedonian Alphabet | Macedonian Grammar | Macedonian Numbers | Macedonian Verbs | Macedonian Words | Common phrases
| II | This is a Category II Language. |
The Macedonian language is a one of the South Slavic languages. It is very closely related to the other South Slavic languages like Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian . There are no noun causes in Macedonian, which makes it one of the easiest Slavic languages to learn as the others use them. Also, there is no infinitive, for that, dictionaries put the present first-person singular conjugation.
This book will help you to learn this language.
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The canonical word order of Macedonian is AVO (Agent-Verb-Object), but word order is variable. Word order may be changed for poetic effect (inversion is common in poetry).
The Macedonian nominal system distinguishes two numbers (singular and plural), three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), case and definiteness. Definiteness is expressed by three definite articles pertaining to the position of the object (unspecified, proximate and distal) which are suffixed to the noun.
The article (определен член) is postfixed, as in Bulgarian, Albanian and Romanian. One feature that has no parallel in any other standard Balkan language[1] is the existence of three definite articles pertaining to position of the object: unspecified, proximate (or close) and distal (or distant).
| The definite articles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Unspecified | -от | -та | -то | -те | -те | -та |
| Proximate | -ов | -ва | -во | -ве | -ве | -ва |
| Distal | -он | -на | -но | -не | -не | -на |
Macedonian nouns (именки) belong to one of three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) and are inflected for number (singular and plural), and marginally for case. The gender opposition is not distinctively marked in the plural [2]. Definiteness is expressed by three definite articles pertaining to the position of the object (unspecified, proximate and distal) which are postfixed to the noun.
The vocative case is formed by adding the endings –o (in feminine nouns), –u (in masculine monosyllabic nouns) and –e (in masculine polysyllabic nouns). For example, пријател, "friend") takes the form of пријателe (pri'jatɛlɛ}}, "friend!").[2] The vocative is used almost exclusively for singular masculine and feminine nouns. Exceptions to this rule are the vocative forms децо and господо of the irregular plurals of "child" (sing. дете; pl. деца,and "gentleman" (sing. господин; pl. господа), respectively.
Macedonian pronouns decline for case ('падеж'), i.e., their function in a phrase as subject (ex. јас 'I'), direct object (него 'him'), or object of a preposition (од неа 'from her').
Based on their meaning and the function in the sentence, pronouns are fall into in the following categories:
| Types of pronouns | Examples |
|---|---|
| Demonstrative pronouns | ова (this), она (that), овде (here), таму (there) |
| Indefinite pronouns | некој (somebody), нешто (something) |
| Interrogative pronouns | кој (who), кого/кому (whom), што (what) |
| Personal pronouns | јас (I), ти (you), тој (he), таа (she), тоа (it), ние (we) |
| Possessive pronouns | мое (mine), твое (yours), нејзино (hers), негово (his), наше (ours) |
| Relative pronouns | кој (which), што (that), чиј (whose) |
| Reflexive pronouns and reciprocal pronouns |
себе — си (himself, herself), се (self) |
| Universal pronouns | сите (all), секој (everybody, each), сешто (everything), секаде (everywhere) |
| Symbol | Cardinal (masculine) | Ordinal (masculine) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | нула | нулти |
| 1 | еден | прв |
| 2 | два | втор |
| 3 | три | трет |
| 4 | четири | четврт |
| 5 | пет | петти |
| 6 | шест | шести |
| 7 | седум | седми |
| 8 | осум | осми |
| 9 | девет | деветти |
| 10 | десет | десетти |
Adjectives (придавки) agree with nouns in gender, number and definiteness with their noun and usually appear before it.
Adjectives have three degrees of comparison (споредбни степени) — positive, comparative and superlative. The positive form is identical to all the aforementioned forms. The other two are formed regularly, by prepending the particle по and the word нај directly before the positive to form the comparative and superlative, respectively, regardless of its comprising of one or two words.
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| тежок (heavy) | потежок (heavier) | најтежок (heaviest) |
| долг (long) | подолг (longer) | најдолг (longest) |
Macedonian only has one adjective that has an irregular comparative — многу.
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| многу (a lot) | повеќе (more) | најмногу (the most) |
A subtype of the superlative — the absolute superlative — also present in some other South Slavic languages and romance languages (such as Italian and Spanish), expresses the highest quality without comparison. It formed by prefixing the particle пре to an adjective, roughly corresponding to the English very + adjective or too + adjective combinations.
In Macedonian the perfect tense is formed by a clitic which agrees in number and gender with the object of the sentence, followed by има ("to have"), and the passive participle of the verb in its uninflected form. This is common in Germanic and romance languages, along with other languages in the Balkan linguistic area, such as Albanian and Greek.
For example, the sentence "I have read the book" reads:
| Јаc | ја | имам | прочитано | книгата |
| Jas | ja | imam | pročitano | knigata |
| I | it (clitic) | have | read | book-the |
In contrast to other Slavic languages that have the perfect tense, it is almost universally built with the verb "to be" and a past active participle; that is also an option in Macedonian. The older common Slavic form with сум ("to be") is predominant in the east of the country, while the form with "to have" is more widespread in the west, but has spread in the younger generations due to the influence of the standard language [3].
The sentence "I have seen" reads:
| New perfect | Old perfect |
| имам видено | сум видел |
| imam videno | sum videl |
Being replaced by the new construction, the "old perfect" tends to become an expression of the renarrative mood (nonconfirmative status) in Western Macedonia and in the standard language.
The aorist (минато определено свршено време, "past definite complete tense"), is a form which refers to a completed action in the past tense. It most often corresponds to the simple past tense in English: I read the book, I wrote the letter, I ate my supper, etc. In contemporary standard Macedonian, the aorist is formed almost exclusively from perfective verbs.
The formation of the aorist for most verbs is not complex, but there are numerous small subcategories which must be learned. While all verbs in the aorist (except сум) take the same endings, there are complexities in the aorist stem vowel and possible consonant alternations.
All verbs (except сум) take the following endings in the aorist:
| јас -в | ние -вме |
| ти -ше | вие -вте |
| тој -ше | тие -а |
(The sign # indicates a zero ending, i.e., nothing is added after the stem vowel.")[4]
The future tense is formed by means of the clitic ќе and an inflected present tense form of the verb.
Thus, "I will come" reads:
| ќе | доjдам |
| kje | dojdam |
| will (clitic) | I come (perfective aspect) |
In this respect, both Macedonian and Bulgarian differ from other Slavic languages. In Macedonian, as in other Balkan Sprachbund languages (Bulgarian, Greek and Albanian) the clitic is fixed, whereas in Serbo-Croatian it inflects for person and number [5]. In both cases the clitic is derived from a verb meaning "to want".
Future-in-the-past is expressed by means of the same clitic and a past tense inflected form of the verb:
| ќе | доjдеше |
| kje | dojdeše |
| will (clitic) | he came (imperfective aspect) |
In this respect, Macedonian is different from Bulgarian: Macedonian is consistent in the use of ќе as a clitic, whereas the equivalent Bulgarian construction involves the inflection of the clitic for tense, person and number as a regular verb (щях да дойда, "I would [have] come"; щеше да дойде, "he would [have] come").
An interesting fact is that a past tense form of the verb can be used in a future sense as well, although this construction is mostly limited to older speakers.
Examples:
Macedonian orthography ("правопис", ˈpravɔpis) encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the Macedonian language. It is based on a combination of and historical principles. While largely phonemic in practice it shows, in some instances, principles that are etymological or analogous to other spellings.
Punctuation (интерпункција) marks are one or two part graphical marks used in writing, denoting tonal progress, pauses, sentence type (syntactic use), abbreviations, et cetera.
Marks used in Macedonian include full stops (.), question marks (?), exclamation marks (!), commas (,), semicolons (;), colons (:), dashes (–), hyphens (-), ellipses (...), different types of inverted commas and quotation marks ("", '', ‚‘, „“, »«), brackets ((), [], {}) (which are in syntactical use), as well as apostrophes]] (',’), slashes (/), equal signs (=), and so forth.
| South Slavonic languages | |||
| Eastern group | Bulgarian | Macedonian | Old Church Slavonic | ||
| Western group | Bosnian | Croatian | Serbian | Slovenian | ||
Macedonia, in New Testament times, was a Roman province lying north of Greece. It was governed by a propraetor with the title of proconsul. Paul was summoned by the vision of the "man of Macedonia" to preach the gospel there (Acts 16:9). Frequent allusion is made to this event (Acts 18:5; Acts 19:21; Rom 15:26; 2Cor 1:16; 2Cor 11:9; Phil 4:15). The history of Paul's first journey through Macedonia is given in detail in Acts 16:10-Acts 17:15. At the close of this journey he returned from Corinth to Syria. He again passed through this country (Acts 20:1ff), although the details of the route are not given. After many years he probably visited it for a third time (Phil 2:24; 1 Tim 1:3). The first convert made by Paul in Europe was (Acts 16:13ff) Lydia, a "seller of purple," residing in Philippi, the chief city of the eastern division of Macedonia.
what mentions this? (please help by turning references to this page into wiki links)
  | Macedoneni - DEX online - Cautare: macedonean |
| | Machedoni - Consiliul National al Reintregirii - acasa |
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