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Manam
Large ash plume From Manam Volcano, November 2004
Elevation	1,807 m (5,928 ft) [1]
Prominence	1,807 m (5,928 ft)
Listing	Ultra
Location
Location	Northeast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea
Coordinates	4°04′48″S 145°2′14″E / 4.08°S 145.03722°E / -4.08; 145.03722Coordinates: 4°04′48″S 145°2′14″E / 4.08°S 145.03722°E / -4.08; 145.03722[1]
Geology
Type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	2009 (continuing)

Manam, known locally as Manam Motu, is an inhabited island located in the Bismarck Sea across the Stephan Strait from the northeast coast of mainland Papua New Guinea. Only 10 kilometers wide, the island was created from the activity of the Manam Volcano, one of the country’s most active. Prior to the most recent activity, the island was reached by boat from the mainland from nearby Bogia, and visitors were greeted by enthusiastic residents.

Geology

Manam is a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano, and despite remarkably symmetrical lower flanks has four distinct valleys, locally known as "avalanche valleys" due to their ability to focus avalanches and particularly pyroclastic flows generated at the summit. These valleys represent the highest-risk areas during eruptions, and are typically the first areas to be evacuated during heightened activity. The earliest documented eruption of Manam was in 1616.^[1]

Manam Volcano.

Map of Manama and adjacent coast

Eruptions and hazards

Sulfur dioxide cloud released by the January 27, 2005 eruption of Manam, as measured by the OMI aboard NASA's Aura satellite.

Thirteen local residents were killed during an eruption on 3 December 1996, when pyroclastic flows reached the village of Budua.^{[citation needed]}

In November 2004, a major eruption forced the emergency evacuation of over 9,000 inhabitants of the island. The eruption began October 24 but was not seen as a major threat until the wind changed pushing ash and debris towards inhabited areas. Five have died and presently 3,000 are still waiting to be removed from the danger area. On December 11, the threat was downgraded due to a reduction in activity. There remain significant problems at Bogia on the mainland where the evacuees are currently residing in resttlement camps at Mangem, Asarumba and Potsdam.^{[citation needed]}

After much waiting and negotiation it was reported in March 2007 that the PNG National Government has finally made a large area of land available for permanent resettlement of displaced islanders at Andarum near Bogia aka 'Manam numba 2'. Also in March 2007, three people were killed by mudslides on the northern part of the island.^{[citation needed]}

Residents

Manam Islanders have their own language called Manam Pile (literally "Manam talk"), which is unique to Manam and nearby Boisa Islands. Manam islanders have a reputation in PNG in the music industry and have produced several musicians mostly based in Madang, the Provincial capital that are well known in the Pacific.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• List of volcanoes in Papua New Guinea

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Manam". Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0501-02=. 

External links

• http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/s1876049.htm