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.^ And in final week, you get to run 13.1 miles in the race itself.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Run Slow: Normally I recommend that runners do their long runs anywhere from 30 to 90 seconds per mile slower than their marathon pace.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Long Run The key to getting ready to finish a Half Marathon is the long run, progressively increasing in distance each weekend.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier
Pheidippides, a messenger from the
Battle of Marathon (the namesake of the race) to
Athens. The historical accuracy of this legend is in doubt,
[1] contradicted by accounts given by
Herodotus, in particular.
[2]
.^ Athlete of the year - distance events You thought Gebrselassie, right?- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For a listing of events in other locations, please visit the world marathon directory .
^ Marathon’s plot contained more depth than possibly any game which had come before.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
Larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.
[3]
History
The name
Marathon comes from the legend of
Pheidippides, a
Greek messenger.
.^ Mindful of the problems that ensued after they announced Marathon’s release date prematurely, Bungie took no chances this time.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
) before collapsing and dying.
[6] .^ It is definitely not for beginners running their first marathon.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ It is not recommended for runners doing their first marathon.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Run Slow: Normally I recommend that runners do their long runs anywhere from 30 to 90 seconds per mile slower than their marathon pace.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
[7] Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) also gives the story but names the runner Philippides (not Pheidippides).
[8]There is debate about the historical accuracy of this legend.
[1][9] The Greek historian
Herodotus, the main source for the
Greco-Persian Wars, mentions Pheidippides as the messenger who ran from
Athens to
Sparta asking for help, and then ran back, a distance of over 240 kilometres (150 mi)
[10] each way.
[11] In some Herodotus manuscripts the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta is given as Philippides.
.^ Upholding the tradition they had started with Marathon 2, Bungie made no mention of a release date for Infinity until the game was finished and sent off to the CD pressing plant.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
In 1876,
Robert Browning wrote the poem "Pheidippides". Browning's poem, his composite story, became part of late-19th century popular culture and was accepted as a historic legend.
[citation needed]Route
Mount
Penteli stands between Marathon and Athens, which means that, if
Pheidippides actually made his famous run after the battle, he had to run around the mountain, either from the north or from the south. The latter and more obvious route matches almost exactly the modern Marathon-Athens highway, which follows the lay of the land southwards from Marathon Bay and along the coast, then a gentle but protracted uphill westwards towards the eastern approach to Athens, between the foothills of Mounts
Hymettus and
Penteli, and then mildly downhill to Athens proper.
.^ Don't worry about how fast you run; just cover the distance suggested--or approximately the distance.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Don't worry about how fast you run; just cover the distance--or approximately the distance suggested.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ If you plan to run the half marathon rather than walk, check out one of my other programs at this distance designed for runners.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
.^ There are two follow-up camps planned, however, and so they probably have this covered.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If you're anything like me, you're only there in body, your mind is already looking ahead to the holiday break, however long or short it might be!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ So for Bedford to be correct, we need the next 22 years to yield 50% more than this - 4:30!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ PM Some hobbyists have been making Infocom-style text games over the last decade, and they're some of my favorite games ever -- many better than the Infocom ones.- Winds of Dawn Clan Forum - Games? Macs? PCs? 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.windsofdawn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ You played more the pencil/paper than I did although I played some of those, I didn't have too many groups to play with.- Winds of Dawn Clan Forum - Games? Macs? PCs? 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.windsofdawn.org [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Modern Olympics marathon
.^ Posters vividly recall a 19th century craze .
.^ Macworld came and went, but the demo did not appear, much to the frustration of Marathoners who hadn’t been able to obtain a copy of the Preview.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ In fact, I had pushed hard to get Marathon renamed Deimos, but Alex had just finished his first marathon race and was very gungho about keeping the name.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ The title “Marathon Infinity” came from Doug Zartman, who postulated that the name of the game should convey the idea that the game was virtually limitless, since it endowed players with the ability to make their own maps and scenarios.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
This idea was heavily supported by
Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as the Greeks.
.^ Marathon’s plot contained more depth than possibly any game which had come before.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ This Advanced Half Marathon Training Program is for experienced runners: individuals who compete regularly in 5-K, 10-K, half-marathon and even marathon races and who want to improve their performances.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Last year she won the U.S. Olympic marathon trials, but she was forced to drop out of the Beijing race after breaking her foot around the third mile.
.^ This Advanced Half Marathon Training Program is for experienced runners: individuals who compete regularly in 5-K, 10-K, half-marathon and even marathon races and who want to improve their performances.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ In fact, I had pushed hard to get Marathon renamed Deimos, but Alex had just finished his first marathon race and was very gungho about keeping the name.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
He won at the Olympics in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds.
.^ Last year, during the U.S. Olympic Trials, she ran a 2:49.08 marathon, giving her an American record for the women’s 50-54 age group.
^ My 12-week walking program for the half marathon assumes you currently have the ability to walk for 30 minutes, three to four times a week.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ His first year, Ms. Samuelson jumped in at the 10-mile mark and helped spur him to the finish line in 2 hours 59 minutes 36 seconds.
[12]
.^ You guessed it, he also never made it into the game because the Elephant man’s lawyer thought Bungie copied his “look and feel” a bit too closely.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Last year, during the U.S. Olympic Trials, she ran a 2:49.08 marathon, giving her an American record for the women’s 50-54 age group.
^ As the name of game implies, this game is created little fast within 6 hours.- Escape Games 24: May 2007 - Escape the Room Games, Point and Click Games, Adventure Games, Puzzle Games, Casual Games and Walkthroughs 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.escapegames24.com [Source type: General]
The marathon of the
2004 Summer Olympics revived the traditional route from
Marathon to
Athens, ending at
Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the 1896 Summer Olympics.
.^ Wanjiru claims to have Olympic Marathon aspirations, and so far has met his goal of debuting with a 2:06 marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[13] .^ Last year, during the U.S. Olympic Trials, she ran a 2:49.08 marathon, giving her an American record for the women’s 50-54 age group.
[14]
Distance
| Year |
Distance
(km) |
Distance
(mile) |
| 1896 |
40 |
24.85 |
| 1900 |
40.26 |
25.02 |
| 1904 |
40 |
24.85 |
| 1906 |
41.86 |
26.01 |
| 1908 |
42.195 |
26.22 |
| 1912 |
40.2 |
24.98 |
| 1920 |
42.75 |
26.56 |
| 1924 onward |
42.195 |
26.22 |
.^ A few weeks ago, she placed sixth in the Chicago marathon, her first since breaking her foot.
^ Fluid intake doesn't help this to begin with, and we know that most athletes lose weight during the course of the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ One thing that set Marathon Infinity apart from the previous games was the size and complexity of its solo maps.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ A few weeks ago, she placed sixth in the Chicago marathon, her first since breaking her foot.
^ During the past few months of training for my first marathon, I’ve been surprised by how much even slow runners like myself have to learn from elite athletes.
The exact length of the Olympic marathon varied depending on the route established for each venue.
.^ Well, we timed the final 400 yards in 57 seconds - that's a 63 second last 400m on the track, at the end of a marathon race!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Distance: The training schedule dictates workouts at distances, from 3 miles to two hours, the latter which (depending on your ability) may actually take you further than your half marathon race distance.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
Rule 240 of their Competition Rules specifies the metric version of this distance.
[18] .^ His next goal is to run 2:05 in a spring marathon, perhaps London, in hopes that a feat of that magnitude will secure him a spot in Kenya's Olympic Marathon team.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Last year she won the U.S. Olympic marathon trials, but she was forced to drop out of the Beijing race after breaking her foot around the third mile.
^ Reg explained his working method: “Jason held a couple of meetings in regards to what ‘Marathon’ was going to be about...- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Interval Training: To improve your speed, train at a pace somewhat faster than your race pace for the 5-K, about the pace you would run in a 1500 meter or mile race.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
[19] In November 1907 a route of about that distance was published in the newspapers, starting at
Windsor Castle and finishing at the Olympic Stadium, the
Great White City Stadium in
Shepherd's Bush in London.
[20] .^ Don't worry about making the final jump from 10 miles in practice to 13.1 miles in the race.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Like the first Marathon, there were a few elements that never made their way into the final game.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
.^ Well, we timed the final 400 yards in 57 seconds - that's a 63 second last 400m on the track, at the end of a marathon race!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ She is the co-author of “Run Your First Marathon” and says the marathon should be the start, not the finish, of your fitness.
^ Long Run The key to getting ready to finish a Half Marathon is the long run, progressively increasing in distance each weekend.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
.^ Fatigue during the course of a 5km time-trial has been shown to impair the ability of the muscle to "pre-activate", and the result is that your contact time with the ground goes up.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ So the fact that Tadese was tested during the month leading up to the World Cross Country Championships, and that he allowed the results to be published is a great coup for the researchers.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ I knew that setting a big goal like running a marathon would help me jump-start my exercise program.
^ A logical progression would be to start with Novice, move to Intermediate 1 for your next marathon and Intermediate 2 for the one after that.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
[20] The
Princess of Wales and her children drove from their home at
Frogmore on the far side of
Windsor Great Park to watch the start of the race.
[20][21] .^ Marathon’s plot contained more depth than possibly any game which had come before.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Knut 23 Knut Hat's Gut is a really addicting puzzle game similar to IQ Marathon and Capri-Sonne Piratenspiel games.- Escape Games 24: April 2007 - Escape the Room Games, Point and Click Games, Adventure Games, Puzzle Games, Casual Games and Walkthroughs 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.escapegames24.com [Source type: General]
^ IQ Marathon Winter 6 Winter edition of really addictive IQ Marathon puzzle game.- Escape Games 24: April 2007 - Escape the Room Games, Point and Click Games, Adventure Games, Puzzle Games, Casual Games and Walkthroughs 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.escapegames24.com [Source type: General]
A special path was made just outside the
Franco British Exhibition ground so that the distance to the stadium remained 26 miles. The finishing line was left unchanged, but in order that the spectators, including
Queen Alexandra, could have the best view of the final yards, the direction of running was changed to "right-hand inside" (i.e. clockwise). This meant the distance in the stadium was shortened to 385 yards, and the total distance became 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km).
[20]
For the next Olympics in 1912, the length was changed to 40.2 kilometres (24.98 mi), and changed again to 42.75 kilometres (26.56 mi) for the 1920 Olympics, until it was fixed at the 1908 distance for the 1924 Olympics.
.^ An early plan called fro Marathon 2 to end by dumping the player in the first level of Pathways Into Darkness, thus making the connection between the two games explicit.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Bungie also used Domino’s pizza boxes for similar purposes during the development of the first game.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ In fact, I had pushed hard to get Marathon renamed Deimos, but Alex had just finished his first marathon race and was very gungho about keeping the name.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
However, the dramatic finish of the 1908 Olympic marathon led to worldwide marathon fever.
.^ These results that have never been seen before in an elite 400m race, not even from the greatest 400m runners ever - Johnson and Wariner included.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[22] .^ Well, we timed the final 400 yards in 57 seconds - that's a 63 second last 400m on the track, at the end of a marathon race!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Like Pathways Into Darkness, the story for Marathon was considered an integral part of the final product and was reworked several times during development.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ As time went on, the name Marathon seemed like a more appropriate choice for a game that was a grueling test of endurance and eventually the code-name became official.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
Dorando was disqualified and Hayes was awarded the Gold Medal. However, Queen Alexandra was so moved by his plight that the very next day she presented Dorando with a silver-gilt cup.
Dorando and Hayes both turned professional and there were several re-matches, which had of course to be over the 26 miles 385 yards.
.^ Many other names were included in the report, and a history of drug use in baseball over the past 15 years is an important addition.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If you plan to run the half marathon rather than walk, check out one of my other programs at this distance designed for runners.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ You would choose one or the other depending on how many marathons you have run and how your training has progressed.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
.^ Although some experienced runners do train longer, I see no advantage in doing 23, 26 or even 31 mile runs.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
The 42.195 km and 26 miles 385 yards distances are identical to within half an inch (1.2 cm).
.^ You should be able to comfortably run distances between 3 and 6 miles.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Think minutes rather than miles, which allows you to explore different courses that you have not measured, or run in the woods where distance is unimportant.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
For a marathon course to be certified by the IAAF, the length must not be less than 42.195 km and the uncertainty in the measurement shall not exceed 42 m (i.e., 0.1%).
[24]Marathon races
.^ Marathon’s plot contained more depth than possibly any game which had come before.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ In otherwords, if you are a middle distance runner (800/1500m), then you'll be more economical at higher speeds than a marathon runner at those higher speeds .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Normally I recommend that runners do their long runs anywhere from 30 to 90 seconds or more per mile slower than their marathon pace.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
[25] .^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[26] .^ We featured him in a post leading up to the New York race , where we picked him as the winner, based on his 60:10 winning performance from the Great North Run a few weeks earlier.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Unfortunately, his status as leader of the Marathon Series means he's likely to choose London and probably New York again, and give Beijing a miss, which is a shame.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Big City Adventure is a great beginning to a new series of hidden object games.- Escape Games 24: April 2007 - Escape the Room Games, Point and Click Games, Adventure Games, Puzzle Games, Casual Games and Walkthroughs 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.escapegames24.com [Source type: General]
.^ For a listing of events in other locations, please visit the world marathon directory .
^ This Advanced Half Marathon Training Program is for experienced runners: individuals who compete regularly in 5-K, 10-K, half-marathon and even marathon races and who want to improve their performances.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ It may not even be for very seasoned runners with 10 or 20 marathons under their belts.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
Other notable large marathons include United States
Marine Corps Marathon,
Los Angeles, and
Rome.
.^ Bungie held the first annual Marathon mayhem Tournament at the show - Michael Garrison (aka Cybernator) walked away with the first prize - a new Power Macintosh.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Early versions of the story included a side-trip to the world of Pathways Into Darkness (since it had been cut from Marathon 2) but this idea was eventually shelved for good.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Page 21 One of Bob’s more unusual lines, “Frog Blast the Vent Core!”, caused considerable controversy among fans.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
.^ Then measure the course either by car or bicycle or by using a GPS watch.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Then measure the course either by car or bicycle or using a GPS watch.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Then measure the course either by car or bicycle or a GPS watch.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
Among other unusual marathons can be mentioned: The
Great Wall Marathon on The
Great Wall of China, The
Big Five Marathon among the safari wildlife of
South Africa, The
Great Tibetan Marathon - a marathon in an atmosphere of
Tibetan Buddhism at an altitude of 3,500 metres (11,500 ft), and The
Polar circle marathon on the permanent ice cap of
Greenland in -15 degrees Celsius/+5 degrees Fahrenheit temperatures.
.^ Bungie demoed the first alpha version, aptly titled Marathon Zero, at the San Francisco Macworld Expo in January 1994.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Picture 4: Marathon Zero screenshot Text: The first version of Marathon was shown at Macworld San Francisco in January 1994.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ Travel to all the most famous (and not so famous) locations around the cosmopolitan city of San Francisco.- Escape Games 24: April 2007 - Escape the Room Games, Point and Click Games, Adventure Games, Puzzle Games, Casual Games and Walkthroughs 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.escapegames24.com [Source type: General]
[28]
.^ Fluid intake doesn't help this to begin with, and we know that most athletes lose weight during the course of the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Just as you would have been completely wrong when you had to guess that Derek Clayton could run a 2:08 marathon with his VO2max of "only" 69 ml/kg/min.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But it was two Comrades Marathon runners in South Africa, Chad Schieber, Matthew Hardy and Ryan Shay who cast the biggest pall over running in 2007 - they are all athletes who collapsed and died during marathons this year.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The historic
Polytechnic Marathon was discontinued in 1996.
.^ Again, this is my personal bias, but I choose instead to give this award to Martin Lel , who in 2007 was the best marathon racer in the world .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[29]
World records and world's best
.^ He then followed this up with a win in the World Half-Marathon championships, where he beat world record holder Sammy Wanjiru, running 58:59, in a race where some time may have been lost due to tactical manoevuring in the middle part of the race!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The official splits for Wanjiru as he broke the course record by 12 seconds : .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ They do however admit that the "trivial" amount could still make a contribution to weight management, but then so again, so could about a hundred other things.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ For example, let's say that the testing finds that Pistorius has a lower VO2 during his 400m time-trial, and that his lactate levels are lower.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ There is nothing new to this at all (despite the fact that it was packaged as 'revolutionary', because we've known for a long time that a relatively flat trajectory is more economical.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ And will Haile Gebrselassie add marathon gold to his collection?- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This is a topic that hit headlines in September this year, when Haile Gebrselassie broke Paul Tergat's world record in the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Run Slow: Normally I recommend that runners do their long runs anywhere from 30 to 90 seconds per mile slower than their marathon pace.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ Run 5 to 7 miles at a comfortable pace, not worrying about speed or exact distance.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ But just looking at Gebrselassie's pacing from this world record , you'll see that he is incredibly consistent.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[30] .^ Then there was Zersenay Tadese, who ended a dynasty at the World Cross Country Championships in Kenya, Paula Radcliffe made a comeback from pregnancy to win in New York, and Martin Lel grew his reputation as one of the great marathon racers, first in London, then in New York.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ You thus get to 20 miles for your long run by Week 13, which permits a second 20-miler in Week 15.- Training Software and Training Plans for Triathlon, Running, Cycling & Endurance Sports 6 January 2010 8:32 UTC www.trainingpeaks.com [Source type: General]
^ The sub 2-hour marathon, London 2008, and Paula gets hot We're bang in the middle of our series on Running Economy, but thought that for today, we'd take a break from that series and turn our attention to a few interesting news stories that are coming out of the world of marathon running.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This time was set using male
pacesetters; the fastest time by a woman without using a male pacesetter ("woman-only") was also set by Paula Radcliffe, again during the London Marathon, with a time of 2 hours 17 minutes and 42 seconds, on April 17, 2005.
[31]
World all-time top ten lists
According to IAAF statistics, the following men and women are among the top ten fastest at the marathon distance.
[32][33]Other notable marathon runners
This is a list of elite athletes notable for their performance in marathoning. For a list of people notable in other fields who have also run marathons, see
list of marathoners.
Men
Women
Running
General
.^ Lel has the potential to run the world record close, and he most definitely has the ability to win the Olympic title, if he chooses to run in Beijing.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The focus on the support and PR was understandable though, I suspect most would do it, but it does highlight the difference in incentives between the groups.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And so therefore, a more important measure becomes the volume of oxygen that is used up when the runner is going at a sub-maximal speed.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Even Gebrselassie made his predictions, though he was a little more circumspect, suggesting instead that he would run 2:03 some day.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Just as you would have been completely wrong when you had to guess that Derek Clayton could run a 2:08 marathon with his VO2max of "only" 69 ml/kg/min.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[4] An intermediate approach is to run from water stop to water stop, and walk through the water stop area to ensure the fluids are consumed instead of spilled.
.^ Well, we timed the final 400 yards in 57 seconds - that's a 63 second last 400m on the track, at the end of a marathon race!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And that was for just 29 seconds - in other words, we "only" need another nine performances just like that, and we'll have our sub-2 hour marathon!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Blood lactate was then measured – four times in first 10 minutes, after 30 minutes, 1 hour and four hours.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[35]
Another goal is to break certain time barriers.
.^ She races so infrequently that the world was denied the chance of seeing her run more often in Europe, but as she matures, that will surely change.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In otherwords, if you are a middle distance runner (800/1500m), then you'll be more economical at higher speeds than a marathon runner at those higher speeds .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Running economy is a measure of how much (or little, as the case may be) oxygen the runner uses for a given, sub-maximal speed.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[36] Other benchmarks are the qualifying times for major marathons. The
Boston Marathon, the oldest marathon in the United States, requires a qualifying time for all non-professional runners.
[37] .^ Unfortunately, his status as leader of the Marathon Series means he's likely to choose London and probably New York again, and give Beijing a miss, which is a shame.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bungie’s press release made it clear that Marathon 2 would incorporate more than just a collection of new levels.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ No such questions against Lel, who this year won the London and New York Marathons.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[38] A qualifying time is also needed for Washington D.C.'s
National Marathon.
[39] .^ But because of time constraints, Infinity was initially limited to the same texture sets as in Marathon 2, Chris started fleshing out a story that would explore more of the Marathon universe but could still take place on the S’pht homeworld.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ As time went on, the name Marathon seemed like a more appropriate choice for a game that was a grueling test of endurance and eventually the code-name became official.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
Training
The long run is an important element in marathon training.
[40] .^ Preliminary design was done for what was to be called Marathon 3, but this was abandoned after only a few weeks because everyone felt the urge to step out of the Marathon Universe and try something different.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ The problem is, for most running events (certainly above about 5000m), runners don't use this "maximum" amount - they are sub-maximal.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Take a runner who runs along at 4min/km, and uses about 200 ml/kg of O 2 to run 1 km.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In otherwords, if you are a middle distance runner (800/1500m), then you'll be more economical at higher speeds than a marathon runner at those higher speeds .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ So longer and slower distance training is more effective as a means to improve economy.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Greater weekly training mileages can offer greater results in terms of distance and endurance, but also carry a greater risk of training injury.
[41] .^ It began early this year, with the collapse of Alberto Salazar during training , and ended, perhaps most tragically, with the death of elite marathon runner, Ryan Shay, aged only 28.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[41].^ So the take home message - if you're talking novice runners, with little running behind them, then any running will make a difference (as it did for me in the last month, I'm sure!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The title of the research article that was published last week was "The key to top-level endurance running performance: A unique example".- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Yesterday we introduced a new series, Running Economy, inspired by this study , which was published just last week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The decrease, commonly called the
taper, should last a minimum of two weeks and a maximum of three weeks, according to most trainers.
.^ Marathon didn’t ship in two weeks, nor in two months; indeed it was some four months before the game finally ship.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
[42] Many trainers recommend a weekly increase in mileage of no more than 10%.
.^ Yesterday we introduced a new series, Running Economy, inspired by this study , which was published just last week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Marathon didn’t ship in two weeks, nor in two months; indeed it was some four months before the game finally ship.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
[43] .^ So there is a "GENERAL" trend for the fitter, more highly trained athlete to have a higher VO2 max (although we would argue that is a consequence and not a cause of performance).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[44]
.^ Also, a Finnish scientist (Paavoleinen) found that plyometric training improved 5km time-trial performance by 3% (this was in quite good and highly-trained runners, so 3% is no laughing matter), which was associated with reduced contact times and running economy (8% lower).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Overtraining is a condition that results from not getting enough rest to allow the body to recover from stressful training.
. It can result in lowered endurance and speed and place a runner at a greater risk of injury.
^ The risk of injury is high, and so this should neither be tried out by novice runners, or done too often.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[41][47]
Before the race
.^ It therefore seems like a nice, juicy and interesting topic to tackle in a series, and so what we'll do over the next couple of weeks is take a look at running economy.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It began early this year, with the collapse of Alberto Salazar during training , and ended, perhaps most tragically, with the death of elite marathon runner, Ryan Shay, aged only 28.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Two months passed before Bungie completed and released the official demo.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
.^ I do believe that in time, she will dominate the 400m event , and given her established dominance over 200m, we may be seeing the women's equivalent to Michael Johnson - unbeatable over two distances, for a long time.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The title of the research article that was published last week was "The key to top-level endurance running performance: A unique example".- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Yesterday we introduced a new series, Running Economy, inspired by this study , which was published just last week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
This is a phase of training known as
tapering.
.^ Marathon’s plot contained more depth than possibly any game which had come before.- Marathon's Story... Facts and puzzling things about 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC marathon.bungie.org [Source type: General]
^ In otherwords, if you are a middle distance runner (800/1500m), then you'll be more economical at higher speeds than a marathon runner at those higher speeds .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Fluid intake doesn't help this to begin with, and we know that most athletes lose weight during the course of the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ These results that have never been seen before in an elite 400m race, not even from the greatest 400m runners ever - Johnson and Wariner included.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
They will also ensure that they are fully hydrated beforehand. Light stretching before the race is believed by many to help keep muscles limber.
.^ These results that have never been seen before in an elite 400m race, not even from the greatest 400m runners ever - Johnson and Wariner included.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
During the race
.^ And yes, any coach, scientist or runner who is dedicated to training and improving performance needs to be aware of running economy and possible means to improve it.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Tadese is running along at 3:09/km, which is a 2:13 marathon pace.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The main point we were making in this post was that because the carbon fibre limbs are providing elastic energy return without any possibility for fatigue , Pistorius would have a substantial advantage that would be seen most in the second half of his races.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We covered the race , and Geb's splits and pacing in a couple of articles at the time.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The interesting thing is that it's been found that this same middle distance runner then becomes less economical at the slower speeds than the marathon runner.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[48] .^ By 20 km only 15 runners remained in contention, and five km's later only 10 remained.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Tadese is running along at 3:09/km, which is a 2:13 marathon pace.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Even if his running economy worsened quite a lot and he used up 180 ml/kg/km (a 20% increase), he'd still have it in him to run 2:45/km!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ There is good evidence that athletes are able to run for 2 hours at about 80% of their VO2max.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The Sub-2 hour marathon: Debate re-opened The first is a discussion about whether a sub-2:00 marathon will ever be run?- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And so clearly, there is more at play than simply the size of your lungs, your heart and the muscles maximum ability to use oxygen.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Etiquette
Modern marathons such as New York, Chicago, London and Berlin have tens of thousands of runners and millions of spectators. Common courtesy for other runners becomes necessary when running in a densely packed crowd.
[49] .^ And yes, any coach, scientist or runner who is dedicated to training and improving performance needs to be aware of running economy and possible means to improve it.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ In otherwords, if you are a middle distance runner (800/1500m), then you'll be more economical at higher speeds than a marathon runner at those higher speeds .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Of course, there will be individuals who don’t quite follow this trend, and so some runners will become more or less efficient as they run faster, but in general, it stays similar.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Runners in groups are encouraged not to block the entire street, preventing other runners from passing them. Two or three runners abreast is recommended. Large groups may consider single or double files.
Water consumption dangers
A volunteer hands out fluids at a marathon water stop
.^ Running economy is a measure of how much (or little, as the case may be) oxygen the runner uses for a given, sub-maximal speed.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Unfortunately, some sad analysis of death during running, but a great deal of fantastic performances, great athletes and wonderful races to analyse.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Drinking more than one loses during a race can decrease the concentration of sodium in the blood (a condition called
hyponatremia), which may result in vomiting, seizures,
coma and even death.
[50][51] Eating salt packets during a race mitigates this problem.
.^ So when we look at the East Africans, we note that they have a better running economy than the European runners.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ That is, he is carrying less weight at the extremities than they were, since his calf circumference was a good deal smaller than the Spanish runners he was compared to.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Women are more prone to hyponatremia than men.
.^ Yesterday we introduced a new series, Running Economy, inspired by this study , which was published just last week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The study , published just the other day in the British Journal of Sports Medicine , and performed by Carl Foster and Alejandro Lucia, found that Tadese has one of the best (if not THE best) running economies ever measured.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The interesting thing is that it's been found that this same middle distance runner then becomes less economical at the slower speeds than the marathon runner.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[52].^ Take a runner who runs along at 4min/km, and uses about 200 ml/kg of O 2 to run 1 km.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Blood lactate was then measured – four times in first 10 minutes, after 30 minutes, 1 hour and four hours.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[citation needed] Consuming sports drinks or salty snacks will also reduce the risk. A patient suffering hyponatremia can be given a small volume of a concentrated
salt solution intravenously to raise
sodium concentrations in blood.
.^ That is, he uses LESS oxygen at the measured running speed than any runner reported before him.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ It was always rumoured that the most economical runners were effectively "rolling" their legs along beneath their hips - this is in fact a premise of Pose Running, as we discussed once before.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ I believe that running economy is in fact a symptom of some underlying neuromuscular process or system that confers an advantage of certain runners.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ If it does help with weight loss, then it will have comparable rates of energy use to other exercises, and much higher than for the X-Box.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Glycogen and the wall
A marathoner getting some encouragement at Mile 25
Carbohydrates that a person eats are converted by the
liver and
muscles into
glycogen for storage.
Glycogen burns quickly to provide quick energy.
.^ At 30 km the rabbits' job was complete, leaving just two other runners to challenge the novice Wanjiru.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The problem is, for most running events (certainly above about 5000m), runners don't use this "maximum" amount - they are sub-maximal.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ By 20 km only 15 runners remained in contention, and five km's later only 10 remained.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ That is, he uses LESS oxygen at the measured running speed than any runner reported before him.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And so therefore, a more important measure becomes the volume of oxygen that is used up when the runner is going at a sub-maximal speed.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Of course, there will be individuals who don’t quite follow this trend, and so some runners will become more or less efficient as they run faster, but in general, it stays similar.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[53] .^ As soon as you then push off, for what is called the concentric part of the running stride, you can 'harness' the energy that was stored when you landed.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Also, there is evidence that plyometrics increases the stiffness of joints, and stiffer joints are better able to store and release the energy, again saving the cost of running without sacrificing speed.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We've discussed how the stiffness and ability of the muscle to store and then release energy helps with running and reduces oxygen cost above.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
When this happens, the runner will experience dramatic
fatigue and is said to "
hit the wall". The aim of training for the marathon, according to many coaches,
[54] is to maximize the limited glycogen available so that the fatigue of the "wall" is not as dramatic. This is in part accomplished by utilizing a higher percentage of energy from burned fat even during the early phase of the race, thus conserving glycogen.
.^ Mix the three base ingredients to blow up, burn, or dissolve the enemies before they knock your wall down."- Escape Games 24: May 2007 - Escape the Room Games, Point and Click Games, Adventure Games, Puzzle Games, Casual Games and Walkthroughs 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.escapegames24.com [Source type: General]
^ That is, he uses LESS oxygen at the measured running speed than any runner reported before him.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The problem is, for most running events (certainly above about 5000m), runners don't use this "maximum" amount - they are sub-maximal.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Energy gels usually contain varying amounts of sodium and potassium and some also contain caffeine. They need to be consumed with a certain amount of water. Recommendations for how often to take an energy gel during the race range widely.
[54]
Alternatives to gels are solid candy, cookies, other forms of concentrated sugars, or any food high in simple carbohydrates which can be digested easily by the individual runner.
.^ We also note that the best runners tend to be the most economical, that certain physiological characteristics predispose runners to be more economical, and that certain types of training improve running economy more than others (more on that in our next post, by the way).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ And yes, any coach, scientist or runner who is dedicated to training and improving performance needs to be aware of running economy and possible means to improve it.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ So the take home message - if you're talking novice runners, with little running behind them, then any running will make a difference (as it did for me in the last month, I'm sure!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Yesterday we introduced a new series, Running Economy, inspired by this study , which was published just last week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Namely, admission by the players and teams that indeed there is a problem is what must occur before the sport takes a serious turn towards cleaning up.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[54]After a marathon
The
immune system is reportedly suppressed for a short time. Changes to the blood chemistry may lead
physicians to mistakenly diagnose heart malfunction.
.^ We've discussed how the stiffness and ability of the muscle to store and then release energy helps with running and reduces oxygen cost above.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ The reason for this is physics, relating to rotational torque and the force that is required of the muscles to bring the leg through.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ For example, from novice runners all the way to elite runners, it's been found that as the flexibility in the trunk (hips, and core muscles) and the legs improves, running economy is lower.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[58]
Cardiac risks
A pack of Wheelchair Division participants in the 2009 Boston Marathon
.^ Unfortunately, some sad analysis of death during running, but a great deal of fantastic performances, great athletes and wonderful races to analyse.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
The paper went on to say that since the risk was so small, cardiac screening programs for marathons were not warranted.
.^ In general,however, research studies support that running economy improves with higher volume, slower running.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In fact, I suspect it will be a matter of time before an adult with heart disease and obesity sues their parents for neglect for failing to encourage exercise when they were younger!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If you ever want to see that in action, then you need to watch an elite runner training.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Bottom line - the IAAF had the result they needed - a never seen before 400 m race where he sped up when everyone else was slowing down .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In fact, more studies show that less flexible runners are more economical than the other way around.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ We also note that the best runners tend to be the most economical, that certain physiological characteristics predispose runners to be more economical, and that certain types of training improve running economy more than others (more on that in our next post, by the way).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ That is, he uses LESS oxygen at the measured running speed than any runner reported before him.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[61]
.^ It began early this year, with the collapse of Alberto Salazar during training , and ended, perhaps most tragically, with the death of elite marathon runner, Ryan Shay, aged only 28.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But it was two Comrades Marathon runners in South Africa, Chad Schieber, Matthew Hardy and Ryan Shay who cast the biggest pall over running in 2007 - they are all athletes who collapsed and died during marathons this year.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Olympic Year, with all attention geared towards Beijing, there will be some fantastic news for us to write on, as well as some hopefully interesting series!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
His death was reported as probably due to a pre-existing heart abnormality.
Multiple marathons
.^ Labels: African running , elite athletes , Marathon , science of sports , Sporting performance .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Of course, there will be individuals who don’t quite follow this trend, and so some runners will become more or less efficient as they run faster, but in general, it stays similar.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Sure enough, Oscar Pistorius ran a 400m race that no athlete has ever done - even the great Michael Johnsons and Jeremy Wariners were running a race completely different to Pistorius.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ His next goal is to run 2:05 in a spring marathon, perhaps London, in hopes that a feat of that magnitude will secure him a spot in Kenya's Olympic Marathon team.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In the mean time, check out this complete time line of drug use in baseball since 1998 to refresh your memory and fill in some blanks.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[62] In 2004, Chuck Bryant of Miami, Florida, who lost his right leg below the knee, became the first amputee to finish this circuit.
[63] Bryant has completed a total of 59 marathons on his prosthesis. Twenty-seven people have run a marathon on each of the seven continents, and 31 people have run a marathon in each of the Canadian provinces.
[62] .^ His next goal is to run 2:05 in a spring marathon, perhaps London, in hopes that a feat of that magnitude will secure him a spot in Kenya's Olympic Marathon team.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Again, this is my personal bias, but I choose instead to give this award to Martin Lel , who in 2007 was the best marathon racer in the world .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[64] .^ The Sub-2 hour marathon: Debate re-opened The first is a discussion about whether a sub-2:00 marathon will ever be run?- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ And even back then, we considered the prospects of some posts about running economy, but they got kind of swept away by the heat of Chicago and the racing in New York .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ He then followed this up with a win in the World Half-Marathon championships, where he beat world record holder Sammy Wanjiru, running 58:59, in a race where some time may have been lost due to tactical manoevuring in the middle part of the race!- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Unfortunately, some sad analysis of death during running, but a great deal of fantastic performances, great athletes and wonderful races to analyse.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
Cambodia); furthermore some of his 'countries' are not independent (e.g.
French Polynesia)
[65] Previously, Wally Herman had run marathons in 99 different countries.
.^ If he then runs London in April, and is aiming for the Marathon in Beijing, that equals one tough year.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This is a topic that hit headlines in September this year, when Haile Gebrselassie broke Paul Tergat's world record in the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Wanjiru has been devouring competitors in the half-marathon since 2005, when he set his first world record over that distance (59:16 at Rotterdam).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[66]
.^ The week ahead - forthcoming attractions Swimming records: Final recap of Rome ► July 2009 (23) A very different view on anti-doping Swimsuit debate: Differing perspectives Swimming world records - not a good day for Speedo...- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Lel has the potential to run the world record close, and he most definitely has the ability to win the Olympic title, if he chooses to run in Beijing.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ This is a topic that hit headlines in September this year, when Haile Gebrselassie broke Paul Tergat's world record in the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[citation needed]
.^ And even back then, we considered the prospects of some posts about running economy, but they got kind of swept away by the heat of Chicago and the racing in New York .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If he then runs London in April, and is aiming for the Marathon in Beijing, that equals one tough year.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ His next goal is to run 2:05 in a spring marathon, perhaps London, in hopes that a feat of that magnitude will secure him a spot in Kenya's Olympic Marathon team.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
There is something called the 100-club, for example.
[67] .^ So we must approach running economy for what it is - one of many explanations for performance.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ Let's hope it is as good as the year that has just gone (we'll do a look back at the science and physiology of the year's marathons next week in our "Year in Review" series).- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ If he then runs London in April, and is aiming for the Marathon in Beijing, that equals one tough year.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Fluid intake doesn't help this to begin with, and we know that most athletes lose weight during the course of the marathon.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
.^ In otherwords, if you are a middle distance runner (800/1500m), then you'll be more economical at higher speeds than a marathon runner at those higher speeds .- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Performance of the year OK, so we're biased towards the longer distance events here at The Science of Sport , but our vote for performance of the year goes to Haile Gebrselassie.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ Just as you would have been completely wrong when you had to guess that Derek Clayton could run a 2:08 marathon with his VO2max of "only" 69 ml/kg/min.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
[72] Sigrid Eichner, Christian Hottas and Hans-Joachim Meyer have also all completed over 1000 marathons each.
[73] Norm Frank of the United States is credited with 945 marathons.
[74]
.^ It was always rumoured that the most economical runners were effectively "rolling" their legs along beneath their hips - this is in fact a premise of Pose Running, as we discussed once before.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ The problem is, for most running events (certainly above about 5000m), runners don't use this "maximum" amount - they are sub-maximal.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
^ But we'll take some liberties and include those in our look-back on the year that was in running.- The Science of Sport: December 2007 11 September 2009 8:10 UTC www.sportsscientists.com [Source type: FILTERED WITH BAYES]
For example,
Johnny Kelley completed 61 Boston Marathons.
[75] Four runners dubbed the "ground pounders" (Will Brown, Matthew Jaffe, Alfred Richmond, and Mel Williams) have completed all 32 US
Marine Corps Marathons.
[76] Another mention for most consecutive marathons is Jerald Fenske, who has completed every
Paavo Nurmi Marathon he has entered since his first in 1978 at age 17, a total of 32 through 2009.
See also
- Marathon articles
- Related articles
Notes
- ^ a b "Prologue: The Legend". Marathonguide.com. http://www.marathonguide.com/history/olympicmarathons/prologue.cfm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ Andy Milroy, Did Pheidippides run a marathon?
- ^ http://www.marathon-world.com/index.php
- ^ a b c "Retreats — Athens". Jeffgalloway.com. http://www.jeffgalloway.com/retreats/athens.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "The Moon and the Marathon", Sky & Telescope Sept. 2004
- ^ "Ancient Olympics FAQ 10". Perseus.tufts.edu. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/faq10.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ Moralia 347C
- ^ A slip of the tongue in Salutation, Chapter 3
- ^ Persian Fire by Tom Holland
- ^ SPARTATHLON ::: International Spartathlon Association
- ^ "The Great Marathon Myth". Coolrunning.co.nz. http://www.coolrunning.co.nz/articles/2002a007.html#appendix. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Olympic Champion Joan Benoit Samuelson To Be Guest of Honor at Manchester Marathon — Registration Closed". Cool Running. http://www.coolrunning.com/engine/3/3_1/olympic-champion-joan-ben.shtml. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ Wanjiru and Gharib break OR in Men's Marathon
- ^ "Olympic Games Records - Women". International Association of Athletics Federations. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/recbycat/location=O/recordtype=CR/event=OLY/age=N/area=0/sex=W/records.html. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ^ J.Bryant, 100 Years and Still Running, Marathon News (2007)
- ^ "The Marathon journey to reach 42.195km". european-athletics.org. 25 April 2008. http://www.european-athletics.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6235&Itemid=2. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
- ^ Martin, David E.; Roger W. H. Gynn (May 2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 978-0880119696.
- ^ "IAAF Competition Rules 2008" (pdf). IAAF. pp. 195. http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/imported/42192.pdf. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- ^ British Olympic Council Minutes
- ^ a b c d e . Bob Wilcock, The 1908 Olympic Marathon, Journal of Olympic History, Volume 16 Issue 1, March 2008
- ^ The Princess of Wales' private diary and press reports
- ^ Bob Wilcock, "The 1908 Olympic Games, the Great Stadium and the Marathon, a Pictorial Record" (2008 ISBN 978-0-9558236-0-2)
- ^ Martin & Gynn, "The Olympic Marathon" (2000 ISBN 0880119691)
- ^ http://www.iaaf.org/mm/Document/Competitions/TechnicalArea/04/95/59/20090303014358_httppostedfile_CompetitionRules2009_printed_8986.pdf IAAF Competition Rules 2009 - Rule 240
- ^ http://www.marathon-world.com/index.php
- ^ http://aimsworldrunning.org/about.htm
- ^ Runner's World Top 10 Marathons
- ^ http://www.travelchannel.com/Travel_Ideas/Adventure_Travel_and_Sports/ci.Marathons_in_the_U.S..artTravelIdeasFmt?vgnextfmt=artTravelIdeasFmt
- ^ Craythorn, Dennis; Hanna, Rich (1997). The Ultimate Guide to International Marathons. United States: Capital Road Race Publications. ISBN 978-0-9655187-0-3.
- ^ "All-time men's best marathon times under 2h 10'30"". Alltime-athletics.com. http://www.alltime-athletics.com/mmaraok.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "All-time women's best marathon times under 2h 30'00"". Alltime-athletics.com. http://www.alltime-athletics.com/wmaraok.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=MAR/detail.html
- ^ http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=W/all=y/legal=A/disc=MAR/detail.html
- ^ a b "Bot generated title ->". Hal Higdon<!. http://www.halhigdon.com/. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "2005 Total USA Marathon Finishers". Marathonguide.com. http://www.marathonguide.com/features/Articles/2005RecapOverview.cfm. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
- ^ "Running a sub 3 hour marathon | allaboutrunning.net". allaboutrunning.net<!. http://www.allaboutrunning.net/sri-chinmoy-racesblog/running-sub-3-hour-marathon. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Boston Athletic Association". Bostonmarathon.org. http://www.bostonmarathon.org/BostonMarathon/Qualifying.asp. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ The ING New York City Marathon
- ^ National Marathon - Qualifying Standards
- ^ http://www.mcmillanrunning.com/rununiv/marathonlongrun.htm
- ^ a b c Daniels, J. PhD (2005). Daniels' Running Formula, 2nd Ed.. Human Kinetics Publishing. ISBN 0-7360-5492-8.
- ^ Whitsett et al. (1998) The Non-Runner's Marathon Trainer. Master's Press.
- ^ Burfoot, A. Ed (1999). Runner's World Complete Book of Running : Everything You Need to Know to Run for Fun, Fitness and Competition. Rodale Books. ISBN 1-57954-186-0.
- ^ Marius Bakken. "Training For A Marathon". Marius Bakken's Marathon Training Schedule. http://www.marathon-training-schedule.com/training-for-a-marathon.html. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Marathon Training at Runner's World". Runnersworld.com. 2008-02-15. http://www.runnersworld.com/subtopic/0,7123,s6-238-244-255-0,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Boston Athletic Association". Bostonmarathon.org. http://www.bostonmarathon.org/BostonMarathon/MarathonTraining.asp. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "1998 Mark Jenkins, MD Rice University". Rice.edu. http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/overtraining.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Negative Splits: Use Them to Perform Better in Your Next Marathon". The Final Sprint. September 25th, 2006. http://www.thefinalsprint.com/2006/09/negative-splits-use-them-to-perform-better-in-your-next-marathon/. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Water danger for marathon runners. BBC News, April 21, 2006
- ^ "Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon". Content.nejm.org. 2005-07-28. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043901. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/352/15/1550. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Hyponatremia among runners in the Boston Marathon". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2009-07-01. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15829535&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Hitting the wall for marathon runners". Half-marathon-running.com. http://www.half-marathon-running.com/HittingTheWall. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ a b c Lesser-known Dangers Associated with Running a Marathon Retrieved 9/7/2009
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15907265?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_SingleItemSupl.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed
- ^ a b http://www.pfitzinger.com/labreports/marathonrecovery1.shtml
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1724877/pdf/v038p00498.pdf
- ^ Stouffer Drenth, Tere (2003). Marathon Training for Dummies. United States: Wiley Publishing Inc.. ISBN 0-76452-510-7.
- ^ Risk for sudden cardiac death associated with marathon running. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
- ^ "American Family Physician: Sudden death in young athletes: screening for the needle in a haystack". Aafp.org. http://www.aafp.org/afp/980600ap/oconnor.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Banking Miles: marathons dangerous for your heart?". Bankingmiles.blogspot.com. http://bankingmiles.blogspot.com/2006/11/marathons-dangerous-for-your-heart.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ a b 50&DC Marathon Group U.S.A.. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ "Accolades". 50anddcmarathongroupusa.com. http://www.50anddcmarathongroupusa.com/accolades.cfm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "CBC Archives: television and radio spots on Terry Fox". Archives.cbc.ca. http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-69-71/life_society/terry_fox/. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ Hartill, Robin (February 19, 2009). [www.yourobserver.com "Marathon Maverikc"]. Longboat Observer. www.yourobserver.com. Retrieved 06-04-2009.
- ^ Neil, Martha (December 17, 2008). "BigLaw Partner Sets World Record By Running 105th Marathon in a Year". ABA Journal. http://www.abajournal.com/weekly/biglaw_partner_sets_world_record_by_running_105th_marathon_in_a_year_. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
- ^ "100 Marathon Club". 100 Marathon Club. http://www.100marathonclub.org.uk/. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ Orton, Kathy (2004-10-27). "Texan's Weekend Job Provides Great Benefits". The Washington Post: pp. D4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A407-2004Oct26.html. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ "Retrieved 2008-11-12". Edm.ouser.org. http://edm.ouser.org/02/statue/n14se98d-symahstory.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "John Bozung's World Tour and Personal Home Page". Squawpeak50.com. http://squawpeak50.com/oasis2.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ "Goal: 52 races in 52 weeks". Deseret News. 2005-08-17. http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,600156401,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
- ^ 100 Marathon Club site (in German)
- ^ 100 Marathon Club site (in German)
- ^ 50 States & D.C. Marathon Group site. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ Litsky, Frank (2004-10-08)[http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/08/sports/othersports/08kelley.html John A. Kelley, Marathoner, Dies at 97]. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2009-12-06.
- ^ Retrieved 2007-12-14.
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