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Ocean energy, also referred to as marine renewable energy, marine power, marine energy, and ocean power, refers to the energy carried by ocean waves and tides. The movement of water in the world’s oceans creates a vast store of kinetic energy, or energy in motion. This energy can be harnessed to create electricity to power homes, transport and industries.
The term marine energy encompasses both wave energy and tidal energy obtained from oceans, seas, and, in general, other large bodies of water. Offshore wind energy is also sometimes included under the description of marine energy. Marine energy is similar to hydroelectric power, although that term usually refers to energy generated by dammed rivers or waterfalls.
The oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations. Many researches show that ocean energy has the potentiality of providing for a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.[1]
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The oceans represent a vast and largely untapped source of energy in the form of fluid flow (currents, waves, and tides—also termed hydrokinetics) and thermal and salinity gradients. There are a number of approaches to extracting energy from the ocean, though most remain in the investigation or demonstration phase.
Sometimes Wind power (offshore) is also included in the list of renewable ocean energies.
The theoretical global ocean energy resource is estimated to be on the order of:
This theoretical potential is several times greater than the actual global electricity demand, and equivalent to 4000 – 18000 MToE (million tons of oil equivalent).
Petroleum and natural gas beneath the ocean floor are increasingly important sources of energy. An ocean engineer directs all phases of discovering, extracting, and delivering offshore petroleum (via oil tankers and pipelines), a complex and demanding task. Also centrally important is the development of new methods to protect marine wildlife and coastal regions against the undesirable side effects of offshore oil extraction.
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