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Coordinates: 20°12′S 57°30′E / 20.2°S 57.5°E / -20.2; 57.5

Republic of Mauritius Republik Moris République de Maurice
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Stella Clavisque Maris Indici"  (Latin) "Star and Key of the Indian Ocean"
Anthem: Motherland
Capital		Port Louis 20°10′S 57°31′E / 20.167°S 57.517°E / -20.167; 57.517
Official language(s)		English[1][2]
Vernacular		Mauritian Creole, French, English
Demonym		Mauritian
Government		Parliamentary republic
-	President	Sir Anerood Jugnauth
-	Prime Minister	Navin Ramgoolam
Independence		from the United Kingdom
-	Date	12 March 1968
-	Republic	12 March 1992
Area
-	Total	2,040 km2 (179th) 787 sq mi
-	Water (%)	0.05
Population
-	2008 estimate	1,288,000[3] (151st)
-	2000 census	1,179,137
-	Density	631.4/km2 (18th) 1,636.5/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2009 estimate
-	Total	$15.831 billion[4]
-	Per capita	$12,291[4]
GDP (nominal)		2009 estimate
-	Total	$9.156 billion[4]
-	Per capita	$7,109[4]
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.804 (high) (81st)
Currency		Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Time zone		MUT (UTC+4)
-	Summer (DST)	(UTC+5 (2008 only)[5][6])
Drives on the		left
Internet TLD		.mu
Calling code		230

Mauritius (pronounced /məˈrɪʃəs/; French: L’île Maurice pronounced: [lil mɔˈʁis], Mauritian Creole: Moris), officially the Republic of Mauritius (French: République de Maurice) is an island nation off the coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometres (560 mi) east of Madagascar. In addition to the island of Mauritius, the Republic includes the islands of Cargados Carajos, Rodrigues and the Agalega Islands. Mauritius is part of the Mascarene Islands, with the French island of Réunion 200 km (120 mi) to the southwest and the island of Rodrigues 570 km (350 mi) to the northeast.

Uninhabited until the 17th century, the island was ruled first by the Dutch and then the French after the Dutch had abandoned it. The British took control during the Napoleonic Wars and Mauritius became independent from the UK in 1968. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic and is member of the Southern African Development Community, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations.

The main languages spoken in Mauritius are Mauritian Creole, French and English. English is the only official language but the lingua franca is Creole and the newspapers and television programmes are usually in French.^[7] Ethnically, the majority of the population is Indian and there are also many people of African descent on the island and there are also European and Chinese minorities. It is the only African nation where the largest religion is Hinduism although Christianity and Islam also have significant populations.

The island of Mauritius is renowned for having been the only known home of the dodo. First sighted by Europeans around 1600 on Mauritius, the dodo became extinct less than eighty years later. Although, not in the First World, Mauritius is generally regarded as a developed country similar to Turkey, Serbia and Croatia.

Contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Military and police 4 Geography 5 Environment 6 Districts and dependencies 6.1 Dependencies 6.2 Fishing Banks within EEZ 6.3 Claimed as Dependencies 7 Economy 8 Transportation 9 Education 9.1 National Colleges (Star Schools) 10 Demographics 10.1 Religion 10.2 Language 11 Culture 12 Electrical power 13 International rankings 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links

History

Mauritius was uninhabited until being permanently settled by European explorers in the 1600s.^[8] The island was known by Arab and Austronesian sailors as early as the 10th century.^[9] The Portuguese sailors first visited it in 1507 and established a visiting base leaving the island uninhabited. Five ships of the Dutch Second Fleet were blown off course during a cyclone while on their way to the Spice Islands and landed on the island in 1598, naming it in honour of Prince Maurice of Nassau, the Stadtholder of the Netherlands.^[10][11]

In 1638, the Dutch established the first permanent settlement. Because of tough climatic conditions including cyclones and the deterioration of the settlement, the Dutch abandoned the island some decades later in 1710.^[12] France, which already controlled the neighbouring Île Bourbon (now Réunion) took control of Mauritius in 1715 and later renamed it Île de France (Isle of France). Under French rule, the island developed a prosperous economy based on sugar production.

In the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) the British set out to gain control of the island. Despite winning the Battle of Grand Port, Napoleon's only naval victory over the British, the French surrendered to a British invasion at Cap Malheureux three months later. They formally surrendered on 3 December 1810, on terms allowing settlers to keep their land and property and to use the French language and law of France in criminal and civil matters. Under British rule, the island's name reverted to the original one. Mauritius then went on to become independent in 1968.

Politics

The Government is elected on a five-year basis. The most recent general elections took place on July 3, 2005 in all the 20 mainland constituencies, as well as the constituency covering the island of Rodrigues. Historically, elections have tended to be a contest between two major coalitions of parties. In international affairs, Mauritius is part of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Southern African Development Community and the Commonwealth of Nations and La Francophonie (French speaking countries), amongst others. A more complete list can be found in the main Politics of Mauritius article.

In 2006, Mauritius asked to be an observing member of Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) in order to become closer to those countries.^[13]

According to the 2009 Ibrahim Index of African Governance, which measures governance using a number of different variables, Mauritius' government earned the highest rank among African nations for "participation and human rights" and "sustainable economic opportunity", as well as earning the highest score in the index overall. Mauritius came second in "rule of law", and fourth in terms of "human development".^[14]

Office Held	Office Holder	Incumbency	Religion
President Head of state Commander in chief	The Rt.Hon Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Qc, KCMG, PC, GCSK	7 October 2003	Hindu
Vice President	Angidi Chettiar	2 November 2007	Hindu
Prime Minister	The Hon. Dr Navinchandra Ramgoolam GCSK ,MP	5 July 2005	Hindu
Deputy Prime Minister	Dr. Rashid Beebeejaun, GCSK,MP	7 July 2005	Muslim
Vice Prime Minister Minister Of Tourism	Hon. Xavier Luc Duval GCSK ACCA, MP	7 July 2005	Christian
Vice Prime Minister Finance Minister Of Mauritius	Hon. Dr Rama Sithanen GCSK, MP	7 July 2005	Hindu
Senior Minister National Social Security Minister	The Hon. Mrs Sheilabai Bappoo GOSK, MP	7 July 2005	Hindu
Leader of the Opposition	The Hon. Paul Raymond Bérenger GCSK, MP	7 July 2005	Christian

Military and police

Mauritius does not have a standing army. All military, police, and security functions are carried out by 10,000 active-duty personnel under the command of the Commissioner of Police. This consists of an 8,000 member National Police which is responsible for domestic law enforcement, a 1,500 member Special Mobile Force (SMF), and a 500-member National Coast Guard.

Geography

Together with Réunion and Rodrigues, Mauritius is part of the Mascarene Islands. This archipelago was formed in a series of undersea volcanic eruptions 8-10 million years ago, as the African plate drifted over the Réunion hotspot. They are no longer volcanically active, and the hotspot now rests under Réunion. The island of Mauritius itself is formed around a central plateau, with its highest peak in the southwest, Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire at 828 metres (2,717 ft). Around the plateau, the original crater can still be distinguished from several mountains.

The local climate is tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; there is a warm, dry winter from May to November and a hot, wet, and humid summer from November to May. Anti-cyclones affect the country during May to September. Cyclones affect the country during November-April. Hollanda (1994) and Dina (2002) were the worst two last cyclones to have affected the island.

The island's capital and largest city is Port Louis, in the northwest. Other important towns are Rose-Hill and Beau-Bassin, Curepipe, Vacoas, Phoenix, Quatre Bornes.

Environment

The environment in Mauritius is typically tropical in the coastal regions with forests in the mountainous areas. Seasonal cyclones are destructive to the flora and fauna but it recovers quickly. Mauritius has a "Ministry Of Environment" which is responsible for the cleanliness of the Island, One of their tasks is garbage and litter collection at public places, they do an admirable job at the areas which they service for the mindset of the indigenous humans is to discard litter at will, this results in large quantities of plastic accumulating in places which the Ministry of Environment doesn't service rendering many beaches unsightly due to the litter. The government did embark on a anti-litter campaign at the schools a few years ago but to no avail as the adults regard it their right to dispose of their litter with little thought given to the environment.^{[citation needed]}

Districts and dependencies

The island of Mauritius itself is divided into nine districts:

1. Black River (Capital: Bambous)
2. Flacq (Capital: Centre de Flacq)
3. Grand Port (Capital: Mahébourg)
4. Moka (Capital: Quartier Militaire)
5. Pamplemousses (Capital: Triolet)
6. Plaines Wilhems (Capital: Beau Bassin and Rose Hill, Phoenix)
7. Port Louis (Capital of Mauritius)
8. Rivière du Rempart (Capital: Mapou)
9. Savanne (Capital: Souillac)

Dependencies

• Rodrigues, an island 560 kilometres (350 mi) north-east of Mauritius, which attained limited autonomy in October 2002.^[15][16] It had the status of the 10th administrative district of Mauritius before autonomy was attained.^[17]
• Agalega, two small islands about 933 kilometres (580 mi) north of Mauritius, famous for supplying chickens.
• Cargados Carajos, also known as the Saint Brandon islands, about 402 kilometres (250 mi) north of Mauritius.

Fishing Banks within EEZ

Four submerged fishing banks are mentioned in government documents because they fall within EEZ limits:

• Soudan Banks (including East Soudan Bank)
• Nazareth Bank
• Saya de Malha Bank
• Hawkins Bank

Claimed as Dependencies

Mauritius also claims the following territories:^[18]

• Tromelin Island, currently in French possession.
• Chagos Archipelago, currently a British possession as the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT).

Economy

Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been of the order of 5% to 6%. This has been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality and improved infrastructure.

Estimated at US$10,155 for 2005 at purchasing power parity (PPP),^[19] Mauritius has the seventh-highest GDP per capita in Africa, behind Réunion (US$19,233 at real exchange rates),^[20] Seychelles (US$13,887 at PPP), Gabon (US$12,742 at PPP), Botswana (US$12,057 at PPP), Equatorial Guinea (US$11,999 at PPP), and Libya (US$10,727 at PPP).^[19] The economy is mainly dependent on sugarcane plantations, tourism, textiles, and services, but other sectors are rapidly developing as well. Mauritius, Libya, and Seychelles are the only three African nations with a "high" Human Development Index rating (Réunion, as part of France, is not listed by the UN in their Human Development Index ranking).

Sugar cane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. However, a record-setting drought severely damaged the sugar crop in 1999. The government's development strategy centres on foreign investment. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities; many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa while investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Economic performance during the period from 2000 through 2004 combined strong economic growth with unemployment at 7.6% in December 2004. France is the country's biggest trading partner, has close ties with the country, and provides technical assistance in various forms.

In order to provide locals with access to imports at lower prices and attract more tourists going to Singapore and Dubai, Mauritius is gearing towards becoming a duty-free island within the next four years. Duty has been eliminated for several products and decreased for more than 1850 products including clothing, food, jewelry, photographic equipment, audio visual equipment and lighting equipment.^[21] In addition, reforms aimed at attracting new business opportunities have also been implemented. But, one of the biggest impediments is the traffic movement between the towns, which is slowing the development of Mauritius. The corporate tax has recently been reduced to 15% to encourage non resident companies to trade or invest through a permanent establishment or otherwise.

Mauritius ranks first among all countries in FDI inflows to India, with cumulative inflows amounting to US$10.98 billion. The top sectors attracting FDI inflows from Mauritius between January 2000 and December 2005 were electrical equipment, telecommunications, fuels, cement and gypsum products and services sector (financial and non-financial).^[22]

Transportation

The only available means of inland public transport, so far, are via taxi cabs and buses.^{[citation needed]}

Transport in Mauritius has been free since July 2005 for students, the disabled and seniors. Transport has always been problematic around Port-Louis, the capital city, due to severe traffic jams. These are caused by both a lack of planning, and tolerance of hawkers flooding the pavements and streets of the capital.^{[citation needed]}

Education

Education from pre-primary through to secondary is free for each citizen born in the country.

Before 2001, most prestigious schools used to be called "Star Schools" and each year, the CPE pupils would compete against each other to gain entrance to those schools based on a ranking system. In 2001, the government - with Steven Obeegadoo as minister of Education - decided that there would be an educational reform in Mauritius. The ranking system was abolished and replaced by the grading system coupled with the regionalisation system which advocates going to a school near one's residence. In February 2006, with Dharambeer Gokhool as minister of Education, the "A+" system, which is similar to the pre-2001 system, was introduced. CPE students now need to get "A+" in all their subjects to gain admission to "National Colleges" which consequently became as much coveted as the "Star Schools" were before the reform.^[23]

The following is a list of the "National Colleges" in no particular order.^[24][25]

National Colleges (Star Schools)

• Royal College Port Louis(Boys)
• John Kennedy College (Boys)
• Piton State College (Boys)
• Royal College Curepipe (Boys)
• Sir Abdool Raman Osman State College (Boys)
• Sir Leckraz Teelock SSS (Boys)
• Sookdeo Bissoondoyal State College (Boys)
• Droopnath Ramphul State College (Girls)
• Dr Maurice Curé State College (Girls)
• Forest Side SSS (Girls)
• France Boyer de la Giroday SSS (Girls)
• Gaëtan Raynal State College (Girls)
• G. M. Dawjee Atchia State College (ex Port Louis State College | Girls)
• Queen Elizabeth College (Girls)
• Mahatma Gandhi Institute (mixed)

Demographics

The population estimate for the whole republic is 1,264,867. For the island of Mauritius only, as at 31 December 2007, it is 1,227,078.^[26] Mauritian society includes people from many different ethnic groups. The republic's residents are the descendants of people from continental Africa (Mauritian Creole people usually known as 'Creoles'), India (Indo-Mauritian), France (Franco-Mauritian) and China (Sino-Mauritian), among other places.

Religion

Hindus make up 52%, Roman Catholic 28.4%, and Muslim 16.6% while other unspecified religions up to 3%. There is supposedly a significant migrant population of Bhumihar Brahmins in Mauritius who have made a mark for themselves in different fields.^[27] Churches and Dravidian Tamil pagodas and temples are found in large numbers.^[28]

Most Creoles are Christian. The majority of the Muslims and the whole Hindu population come from India and Pakistan. Some Muslims are also from the Middle East. Hindus include Bhojpuri, Tamil, Marathi and Telugu speakers. A minority of people are of Chinese descent, many of whom have embraced Christianity, following mainly Roman Catholicism. Some follow Buddhism and Confucian traditions. The constitution of the country sees the rest of the people as General Population. Recently, voices have called for the advocation of 'creolity' from people with slave-descent blood. The authorities seem to be approving the recognition of this request since the 'Festival Créole' was hosted and financed by the government.

Language

The Mauritian Constitution makes no mention of an official language and its one million citizens speak either Mauritian Creole, a French-based creole, English or French. It is only in the Parliament that the official language is English but any member of the National Assembly can still address the chair in French.^[1][29] However, English is generally accepted as the official language of Mauritius and as the language of government administration and the court business. The lingua franca is Creole.^[7] In Mauritius, people switch languages according to the situation.^[30] Creole and Bhojpuri are the main languages used at home, both French and Creole are used in a business context and English is used most in schools and governments.^[30] French and English, which have long enjoyed greater social status, are favored in educational and professional settings.^[30] Also, most newspapers and media communications are in French.^[31] Mauritian Créole, which is spoken by 90 percent of the population, is considered to be the native tongue of the country and is used most often in informal settings.^[30] It was developed in the 18th century by slaves who used a pidgin language to communicate with each other as well as with their French masters, who did not understand the various African languages. The pidgin evolved with later generations to become a casual language.^[31] Mauritian Creole is a French-based creole due to its close ties with French pronunciation and vocabulary.^[32]

Other languages spoken in Mauritius include Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Hakka (a Chinese dialect), Mandarin, Gujarati, and Bhojpuri, which is an amalgamation of several Indian dialects spoken by the early Indian settlers.^[7] Most Mauritians are at least bilingual, if not trilingual.^{[7][31][33][34]}

Culture

The cuisine of Mauritius is a blend of Indian, Creole, Chinese and European influences. It is common for a combination of cuisines to form part of the same meal.

The production of rum, which is made from sugar cane, is widespread on the island. Sugarcane was first introduced to Mauritius by the Dutch in 1638. The Dutch mainly cultivated sugarcane for the production of "arrack", a precursor to rum. However, it was during the French and British administrations that sugar production was fully exploited. Pierre Charles François Harel was the first to propose the concept of local distillation of rum in Mauritius, in 1850. Beer is also produced on the Island, by the Phoenix Brewery.

The sega is a local folklore music. Sega has African roots and the main traditional instruments for producing the music are goat-skin percussion instruments called ravane and metallic clicks using metal triangles. The songs usually describe the miseries of slavery, and has been adapted nowadays as social satires to voice out inequalities as felt by the blacks. Men are usually at the instruments while women perform an accompanying dance which is often erotic.^[35]

In 1847, Mauritius became the fifth location in the world to issue postage stamps. The two types of stamps issued then, known as the Mauritius "Post Office" stamps, consisting of a "Red Penny" and a "Blue Two Pence" denomination, are probably the most famous and valuable stamps in the world.^{[citation needed]}

When it was discovered, the island of Mauritius was the home of a previously unknown species of bird, which the Portuguese named the dodo (simpleton), as they appeared to be not too bright. By 1681, all dodos had been killed by the settlers or by their domesticated animals. An alternate theory suggests that the imported wild boars that were set free destroyed the slow-breeding dodo population. The dodo is prominently featured as a supporter of the national coat-of-arms (see above).

The island has also given rise to a diversified literature in French, English and Creole. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, the 2008 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, is of Franco-Mauritian origin and lives on the island for part of each year.

In Mauritius, the following festivals — Christmas, Cavadee, Chinese New Year, Père Laval, Diwali, Mahashivratri and Eid Al-Fitr — are celebrated.^[35]

Recreational activities in Mauritius are quite varied to support the local tourism industry. Water sports are facilitated as the island is surrounded with coral reef, providing plenty of relatively shallow and calm water. Activities such as deep sea fishing, surfing, windsurfing, water-skiing, cruising in yachts and even submarines are some of the many water based recreations available. Although it breaks seldomly, Tamarin Bay is one of the world's most famous surfing spots.

Land-based leisure activities include golf, tennis, skiing, sea diving, deer hunting, quad & mountain biking, abseiling, zip lining, horse riding and trekking. However, all these are most often practiced by the elite only.

Electrical power

Mauritius uses a 220 Volt 50 Hz AC mains supply. The plugs are Type C and Type G:

International rankings

Survey	Organisation	Ranking
2010 EPI	Environmental Performance Index	6 out of 163
2010 Index of Economic Freedom	Heritage Foundation/The Wall Street Journal	12 out of 179
Corruption Perceptions Index 2008	Transparency International	41 out of 180
Ease of Doing Business Index (2010 report)	World Bank Group	17 out of 183
Digital Opportunity Index (2007)	International Telecommunication Union	50 out of 181
Press Freedom Index (2007)	Reporters Without Borders	25 out of 169
Human Development Index (2008)	United Nations Development Programme	74 out of 177

See also

• Air Mauritius - National Airline
• Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport
• The Mauritius Command, a novel by Patrick O'Brian
• The Mauritius Scout Association

References

Further reading

• Macdonald, Fiona; Marshall Cavendish Corporation, Elizabeth Paren, Kevin Shillington, Gillian Stacey, Philip Steele (2001). "Mauritius". Peoples of Africa. US: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9780761471585. 
• Mountain, Alan; Alain Proust (2000). This is Mauritius. Struik. ISBN 9781843303015. 
• Eisenlohr, Patrick (2006). Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520248809. 
• Dodd, Jan and Madeleine Philippe. Lonely Planet Mauritius Reunion & Seychelles.Lonely Planet Publications, 2004. ISBN 1-74059-301-4
• Lee, Jacques: Mauritius: Its Creole Language - The Ultimate Creole Phrase Book and Dictionary, Paperback 160 pages (August 15, 2005), Publisher: Nautilus, ISBN 0-9511296-4-3.
• Lee, Jacques: Sega: The Mauritian Folk Dance, Paperback 104 pages (December 1990), Publisher: Nautilus, ISBN 0-9511296-1-9
• Khal Torabully, Coolitude : An Anthology of the Indian Labour Diaspora (with Marina Carter, Anthem Press, London, 2002) ISBN 1-84331-003-1

External links

• Government of Mauritius
• Mauritius entry at The World Factbook
• Mauritius from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Mauritius at the Open Directory Project
• Wikimedia Atlas of Mauritius
• Mauritius travel guide from Wikitravel

Mauritius topics Districts Black River · Flacq · Grand Port · Moka · Pamplemousses · Plaines Wilhems · Port Louis · Rivière du Rempart · Savanne Dependencies and territories Agalega Islands · Cargados Carajos Shoals (St. Brandon) · Rodrigues · Soudan Banks · Nazareth Bank · Saya de Malha Bank · Hawkins Bank Territorial claims Chagos Archipelago · Tromelin Politics and government National Assembly · Political parties · Elections Economy Currency · Companies · Communications · Foreign relations · Transport · Educational sector People and culture Creole · Franco-Mauritian · Indo-Mauritian · Sino-Mauritian · Prominent Mauritians · Hinduism · Christianity · Islam · Music Other topics History · Military · Geography  · Rugby · Wildlife

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From Wikitravel

Mauritius (French: L’île Maurice, Mauritian Creole: Maurice)[1] is a small, multicultural island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar and southeast of the Seychelles.

• Northern Mauritius
• Eastern Mauritius
• Southern Mauritius
• Western Mauritius
• Central Mauritius

Mauritius also controls Rodrigues island and the remote, sparsely populated Agalega and Cargados Garayos (Saint Brandon) islands.

• Port Louis - Capital
• Beau Bassin
• Rose Hill
• Quatre Bornes
• Phoenix
• Vacoas
• Curepipe

• Macabée Bel Ombre Nature Preserve
• Domaine du Chasseur Nature Preserve

Understand

History

The discovery of Mauritius Island was first made by the Arab sailors, at this time the island was a dense forest. There is no exact date of when Mauritius was discovered by the Arabs, it is said to be around the 9th century. But the Arab sailors were not interested in settling on the island which they named Dina Arobi or Dinarobin. Fernandez Pereira, a Portuguese sailor who saw the island decided to give it the name of Cerne. But the Portuguese sailors were not interested to settle on the island. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968.

The first to colonise the island were the Dutch. They took possession of the island in 1598. The Dutch settlers came on the island by a bay in the south eastern part of the island which was named Warwyck Haven after the commander VanWarwyck, the bay is now known as Grand Port. Mauritius also got its name during this period; the island was named after the Prince of Holland Mauritz de Nassau.

In 1710, the Dutch abandoned the island, leaving behind macaques, the java deer, sugar cane, fugitive slaves and, also, an irreversible damage to the endemic and indigenous flora and fauna of the island - the Dodo was, by then, extinct due to extensive hunting (and the extreme ease in capturing the bird) while the, once abundant, black ebony tree population was almost completely depleted due to over-exploitation for its timber.

The French settled on the island in 1715 and also landed at the bay in the southeast and named it Port Bourbon. They renamed the island as Ile de France. They made settlement on the north-western side of the island which became the harbour and was named Port Louis which is also the capital of Mauritius. During the French settlement there has been a lot of development in the country. Mahé de Labourdonnais , whose statue is found in Port Louis in face of the harbour, is known as the founder of the capital city and the island prospered under his governance (1735-1746).

In August 1810, the British tried to take over the island but lost after a fierce battle against the French in the famous Battle of Grand Port - the only victory of the French over the British. However, the British came back in December 1810 and successfully defeated the French. From then on, the island was renamed Mauritius and remained under the rule of British until they attained independence on the 12 March 1968 within the Commonwealth.

In 1835, slavery was officially abolished and, as most of the African slaves chose to abandon the agricultural fields and retire into small coastal villages, indentured labourers (Coolies) were brought in from India to work in the growing sugar-cane industry against a salary. [2]

Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam also known as the "Father of the Nation" was the one who brought the island to independence and did a lot for the country. On the 12 March 1992, Mauritius became a Republic under the rule of the then Prime Minister Sir Aneerood Jugnauth .

A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.

Climate

Tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May); Natural hazards : Tropical cyclones (November to April);but most cyclones usually occur from the end of December until March. Mauritius has only two seasons, winter and summer. There is not much temperature differences between the two seasons of the year. The climate on the central plateau is cooler than on the coastal areas. The West coast is much wetter and more humid than the East coast.

• Hottest part is the west coast
• Windiest part is the East coast
• December to February are the hottest month of the year
• The driest month of the year is October
• Coolest months are from June to August
• Mauritius Weather [3] - Actual weather report from the Mauritius region.

Get in

The nationals of many countries, including most Western countries do not need a visa in advance. For more information, visit the Passport and Immigration Office web-site [4].

The Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport (MRU), ☎ +230 603 6000 (airportinfo@aml.mru.aero, fax: +230 637 5306), [5]. at Plaisance is the major gateway for travelers coming from abroad.   edit

• Air Mauritius [6] is the home carrier and operates a network of routes to the local islands and to international destinations in Africa, Australia, Europe and Asia.
• Regional airlines Air Austral [7], Air Madgascar and Air Seychelles [8] connect Mauritius with the surrounding islands.
• International airlines such as Air Europe, Air France [9], Emirates[10], Virgin Airlines, Air Zimbabwe, Austrian Airlines [11], British Airways [12], Condor, South African Airways and Air India [13] all serve Mauritius from their home bases.

Visitors are required to provide accommodation details to the immigration service on arrival. If you arrive in Mauritius from a country where malaria is endemic, you may receive a visit from the government health service and be required to give a blood sample for malaria screening. Some airlines may refuse boarding if the passenger's passport has 6 months, or less, validity remaining from the return date, leading to monetary loss for the passenger.

By sea

The common way to enter Mauritius is usually by plane, and even though there are vessels that arrive at the port they are mainly cargo ships. The Mauritius Pride and the Trochetia are the Mauritian vessels that usually sails to Reunion Island, Rodrigues Island and Madagascar. Costa Cruises ships have recently started an Indian Ocean cruise including a visit to Mauritius.

As of April 2008, one way passage prices to travel from Tamatave in Madagascar to Mauritius by boat are €275 first class or €255 second class, compared to €212 to fly from Antananarivo in Madagascar to Mauritius on Air Madagascar. The journey will take at least four days, possibly more if transiting through Reunion. A boat leaves every other Wednesday.

The prices quoted are for a passage in a first or second class cabin. In attempting to go directly to the port in Tamatave to negotiate with a boat captain for a non-cabin berth, tourists are turned away at the gate. Visiting the Nautical Club in Tamatave to enquire about yachts that might be heading to Mauritius also yields no results.

Get around

Bus and taxi services are best used in urban areas. Bicycles and motorbikes are also available for hire.

By plane

Air Mauritius [14] operates daily flights connecting Plaisance Airport and Rodrigues (flight time - 1 hour 15 minutes).

By helicopter

Helicopters are available for transfers and sightseeing tours

• Air Mauritius Helicopter, ☎ +230 603 3754 (helicopter@airmauritius.com).  edit

By car

One major highway runs north to south, otherwise a good network of paved, if sometimes narrow, roads cover the island. Traffic drives on the left.

Numerous car hire firms include major international and independent firms. Prices vary widely starting from 800 rupees per day. To be on the safe side, with full insurance, visitors should rent cars from companies holding a tourism enterprise license. These cars are noticeable from their car number plates. Cars duly registered have yellow registration plates. Wheras private cars ( unsuitable for rent ) have black plates.

Regulations: Drivers are required to be over 18 years old. Speed limits are 110kph (68mph) on the motorway and 50kph (31mph) in built-up areas. Seatbelts are compulsory. A foreign licence is accepted.

The following chart gives approximate travel times (in hours and minutes) from Port Louis to other major cities/towns/resorts in Mauritius.

Curepipe           0:20
Grand Baie, North   0:30
Mahebourg, Southeast    0:45
Flic-en-Flac, West  0:30

By bus

Fairly good and numerous bus services ply the island. Taking the bus is the most economical way of travelling. Air-conditioned buses have been recently introduced on some routes.

The major bus companies are:

• National Transport Corporation (NTC), ☎ +230 426 2938.  edit
• United Bus Service (UBS), ☎ +230 212 2026.  edit
• Mauritius Bus Transport (MTB), long mountain (mr dhiraj dosieah), ☎ +230 245 2539.  edit
• Triolet Bus Service (TBS), ☎ +230 2616725.  edit
• Others. Other smaller companies bear amusing names e.g. Apollo, Turbo etc.  edit

Buses are still manned by a driver and a conductor (who walks around collecting fares and issuing tickets after passengers have boarded). Tell the conductor where you want to go and he'll tell you the fare amount. Upon payment, he'll give you a ticket with the charged amount printed on.

Most conductors are very helpful in providing directions to tourists. In the local creole dialect, the conductors are called con-tro-lair (literally controller).

Try to pay with the small denominations or the conductor may not have enough change. Over-charging tourists (unless accidental) is seldom heard.

By metered taxi

These are regulated and metered (though meters are almost never used) and linked to provinces or hotels, printed on a yellow panel on the drivers' door. Tips are not customary for taxi drivers, but appreciated.

Do NOT patronize unlicensed taxis. They promise a cheaper ride but, lately, there has been a surge in cases of robbers using this trick to lure and attack their victims. See safety section below.

• Coraline, ☎ +230 210 5944 (+230 210 6120), [15]. Sails once a week to Rodrigues Island and to Reunion island from Port Louis Harbour. Mauritius Pride, launched in 1991, and Mauritius Trochetia, in service since 2001, are the two ships operating for the island. The ships also have Madagascar as a destination. Both vessels are used as passenger and container ships.  edit

By tour

Several tour companies operate in Mauritius. Each is unique in services offered but most operate with safety in mind.

Talk

The official language in Mauritius is English. As such, all government administrative documents will be drawn up in English. However, French is the language most commonly used in formal settings, and is by far the dominant language in the mass media, as well as in corporate and business dealings. In fact, even English language television programmes are usually dubbed into French. French is also the main language of instruction used in the education system.

The most commonly spoken language is Mauritian Creole, a French based creole which has incorporated some words from diverse sources including but not limited to English, Dutch and Portuguese, and has slight pronunciation differences from standard French. While there is no official written standard for Mauritian Creole, when written down for informal communication, words are often spelt differently from standard French. The next most commonly spoken language is French, which is spoken fluently by most locals, with English being a not too distant third. Virtually everyone working in the tourism industry will be able to speak fairly decent, albeit heavily accented English, and all government departments will have English-speaking staff on duty. Other languages spoken by much smaller numbers include: Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri and Mandarin. Tamilians constitues around 10% of population and they speak Tamil.

Grand Bay was the first area of the island to fully experience the tourist boom. A shopping and leisure paradise, Grand Bay also happens to be the area where Mauritians head for when they want a fun-filled night out (restaurants, bars and discos). Recently renovated, La Cuvette beach is well worth a visit.

• Pereybere The wonderful Pereybere public beach is popular because of its shopping facilities, restaurants and pubs.

• Balaclava Ruins A few metres away from Baie aux Tortues, which 17th century sailors named after the many tortoises in the area, can be found the ruins of the old Balaclava estate. Visitors will be able to see the sea walls, whose initial foundations were laid down by Mahé de Labourdonnais. The location of the ruins now forms part of Maritim Hotel, and public access may not be possible.

• The Triolet Shivala The longest village on the island, Triolet offers an opportunity to visit the biggest Hindu temple, the Maheswarnath, first built in 1819 in honour of the Gods Shiva, Krishna, Vishnu, Muruga, Brahma and Ganesha.

• The Labourdonnais Orchards Discover a large variety of tropical fruit trees, colourful and perfumed exotic flowers. Trips on mountain bikes or hiking are possible.

• The Caudan Waterfront The Caudan Waterfront and it's surroundings has a great collection of local souvenir shops and other foreign brand materials such as clothes, spirits . . . In addition to the harbor of Mauritius, you will also find the movie theater, game arcades, local restaurants. . . .

• The "Bazard" of Port-Louis Literally translated to "The market of Louis Harbor", here you will find a collection of various local snack and tropical fruits, they are the cheapest food you will find in the capital city. Numerous shop sell crafted objects such as the "goni" basket. Unfortunately you will find a lot of stalls selling pirate versions of programs, movies and games, they are extremely cheap but still are illegal and do not ensure quality. Like all crowded areas be weary of your surrounding and keep your belongings close to you.(Food sold on the street may have health issues assigned to them, but those are for most part are rare. If you have any allergies though, refrain from eating at those stalls, but isn't trying everything the island has to offer already worth the ticket.

• Restaurants Don't hesitate to go to the various local restaurants around the city, although many of them announce themselves to a specific racial background, like everywhere around the world they have their own mix of traditional and local. You might discover that 'fried rice' can have more than one flavor.

• The SSR Botanical Garden You want to see some plants originated from Mauritius, then this is the place for you. Note: The SSR botanical garden is the oldest botanical garden in the Southern Hemisphere. The garden was first constructed by Pierre Poivre (1719 – 1786) in 1770, and covers an area of around 37 hectares.

• Flacq Market Flacq is one of the most important villages in Mauritius. This meeting point for inhabitants of the East boasts the country’s largest open air market. The extremely colourful market attracts a large number of people.

• The Waterpark Leisure Village Enjoy unforgettable moments sliding on the giant chutes, with family or friends. Relaxation and pleasure guaranteed.

• Ile aux Cerfs Ile aux Cerfs is a paradise for water sports and has one of the most beautiful beaches in Mauritius. You cannot afford to miss this tiny island, delicately poised on the ocean, a real pearl in the Mauritian landscape. Price conscious visitors would be well advised to take ample food and drink, as the only bar and restaurant on the island targets primarily well-heeled tourists.

• Beaches The eastern part of the island is known for it's long sand bank beaches and it's famous hotel such as "The Coco Beach Hotel" and the famed 5-star hotel "Le Touessrok".

• Dutch Ruins At Vieux Grand Port, the oldest settlements in Mauritius, you can see the ruins of the first Dutch fortifications. Excavation work is underway in a bid to uncover an important part of Mauritian history.

• Ile aux Aigrettes Owing to the remarkable work accomplished by the Mauritius Wildlife Fund, the island has become an international standard for the protection of natural resources and endangered species. A few of the world’s rarest birds, including the kestrel, can be seen there. You can also discover the extremely rare Pink Pigeon, the Green Gecko Phelsuma and the Aldabra giant tortoise.

• Mahebourg Mahébourg is one of the main fishing villages on the island. Built on the magnificent Grand Port Bay it was founded in 1804 by the French Governor Charles Decaën. The Monday markets are one of the biggest and best on the island and can be found right next to the main bus station.

• Domaine du Chasseur, Tel: (230) 634-5011, Fax: (230) 634-5261. Nestling in the Anse Jonchée hills, the Domaine des Grand Bois has splendid hunting grounds covering an area of 900 hectares. Stags, monkeys and boars live amidst the luxuriant vegetation of the hillside. One can watch a few species of endangered birds, including the kestrel. The Domaine contains four thatched-roof bungalows and a restaurant with a panoramic sea view. Take an opportunity to enjoy a meal of venison. (The view is great and well worth the visit, but the food can best be described as average. The venison is very chewy.) **WARNING. There is a steep hike up the hill from the car park to the restaurant. The restaurant offers a 4wd taxi service which is free if you eat one of their overpriced meals, but if you only want a cup of tea or desert they will slug you an outrageous 230 roupee per person, for the 5 minute ride.**

• Souillac A small seaside resort along the rugged coast of the Savanne district. A famous feature is the garden overlooking the sea and named after Dr. Charles Telfair. A popular viewpoint is found at the southern end of the village, right on the cliff top : Gris Gris.

• Blue Bay Bluest water and most amazing white sand beaches you will ever see... Take the trip across the island from Port Louis and see what this quiet place has to offer. Very busy with the locals on weekends. Try to go during the week. Glass bottom boats are an excellent outing. Part of Blue Bay has been designated a Marine Park, and the snorkeling trips by boat to this area, offered for sale on the main public beach, are well worth trying.

• Martello Towers The Martello Towers, found at La Preneuse, Black River, represent the scene of the ancient rivalry between old colonial powers and the ingenuity of mankind. They are a milestone in the island’s history; they symbolise the end of slavery and the beginning of Indian immigration.

• Chamarel A winding road leads from Case Noyale village to the coloured earths of Chamarel: an undulating landscape of different and contrasting shades of colours. The different shades of blue, green, red and yellow are apparently the result of the erosion of the volcanic ash. The neighbouring waterfalls of Chamarel rise from the moors and the native plant life. The site possesses a rare beauty. An adventure park has also recently been opened at Chamarel. Much of the sand has been souvenired by locals. It is now sectioned off, but is not that impressive.

• Salt Pans Owing to the exceptional high level of sunshine the district receives, Tamarin is naturally the heart of salt production in Mauritius.

• Casela, Tel: (230) 452-0693/4 Situated in the Rivière Noire district, the bird park stretches over 25 hectares and contains more than 140 bird species from all five continents. Other attractions include fish ponds, tigers, tortoises, monkeys, deer and orchids. Also contains a nice playground. Well worth the trip for those with kids.

• Yemen Yemen Reserve may not be the largest game reserve on the island, but there is still lots to see. You will be able to get close to the herds of deer, as well as admire some splendid species of Mauritian fauna. A few rustic kiosks available in the reserve provide an unobstructed view of the sea. There you can sip a local punch while watching the sun going down.

• Black River Gorges This national park of 6,574 hectares (16,244 acres) was created in 1994 for the protection of Mauritius’ remaining native forests. Visitors can enjoy magnificent landscapes, with endemic plants and rare bird species. A trail leads from the Pétrin information centre to an area of typical plant life and to a conservation area.

• Eureka, Tel: (204) 326-4775, Fax: (204) 326-9732. Is an old Creole residence built in 1830, Eureka is an essential place to visit during your stay in Mauritius if you wish to immerse yourself in tropical sweetness. Includes a tour of the colonial house with the opportunity to purchase overpriced textile products, and a tour of the gardens and a visit to the waterfalls below.

• Ganga Talao - Grand Bassin Beyond La Marie and Mare-aux-Vacoas is found one of the two natural lakes of Mauritius. It rests within the crater of an extinct volcano. Ganga Talao is an important pilgrimage site and many Mauritians of the Hindu faith walk there during the Maha Shivaratri festival or the night fasting dedicated to Shiva. Gigantic eels live in the lake and are fed by the pilgrims. A walk to the top of the mount beside the lake is recommended for beautiful views over the area known as "Plaine Champagne".

• L’Aventure du Sucre, Tel: 243 06 60. Daily 9AM-6PM. Visit an interactive and ultra modern exhibition situated at the heart of an ancient sugarmill and discover the fascinating history of Mauritius and its sugarcane adventure exposed over 5000 sq meters! Then, let yourself be tempted by their boutique with its unique gifts, souvenirs and tasting of special unrefined sugars as well as local rum. Do not miss the opportunity to relish authentic Mauritian cuisine with refined flavours at their restaurant "Le Fangourin". Free access to the restaurant and the Village Boutique Beau Plan-Pamplemousses.

• Views For a spectacular 360-degree view of Port Louis and the north, climb Le Pouce or ‘the thumb', at 812m (2,664ft). It is an easy 2-hour climb from the village of Petit Verger (near St. Pierre), and takes another 2 hours to walk into Port Louis.

• Tour the Moka mountains by quad bike, horse or 4-wheel drive at the accessible 1,500-hectare (3,700-acre) nature park of Domaine Les Pailles. Travel to the sugar mill and rum distillery by train or horse-drawn carriage before dining in one of four restaurants.

• Deep sea fishing (also known as Big game Fishing) surrounded by the Indian Ocean, Mauritius is ideally positioned to access the many exciting species of fish that frequent the warm, tropical waters. Depending on the time of year it is possible to catch Blue or Black Marlin , Sailfish , Wahoo , Yellow fin Tuna , Giant Trevally , Dogtooth Tuna , Bonito , Dolphinfish, Sharks and many more. The majority of the Big game fishing boats are well equipped with VHF radio, mobile telephone, G.P.S navigation system, radar, radio telephone, safety equipments, Penn International reels, life jackets, medical kits, fire extinguishers, flares, and all related fishing equipments such as fighting chairs and rods (usually 9). You can choose between half day trips and full day fishing trips . Big game fishing is best on the west coast of Mauritius because the currents swirl around the foot of Le Morne, creating a marine environment attractive to bait fish, which in turn attracts the larger fish. Boats usually accommodate up to 5 anglers and full day trips typically include both breakfast and lunch in the price.

• Head to Grand Baie, for watersports such as parasailing, an underwater walk, submarine and semi-submersible scooters, or to La Cuvette, a long silky beach with clear water between Grand Baie and Cap Malheureux, for sailing, windsurfing and waterskiing.

• Full day sightseeing tours Go on one of the full day sightseeing tours and discover the beautiful and the many sights of Mauritius. Choose between a selection of tours to see the different parts of Mauritius: Mauritius North Tour, Mauritius South & Southwest Tour, Mauritius South West Tour, Mauritius South-Chamouny Tour, Mauritius South-East Tour and Mauritius Complete Tea Route tour

• Safari Jeep Trips The Safari Jeep trip takes place in Yemen natural reserve park. The park is on the West Coast of Mauritius. It hosts two of the longest rivers on the island – Rivière Rempart and Tamarin River – and is a haven for all sorts of native wildlife. The actual size of this natural reserve is of around 4500 hectares. The Yemen Park is the perfect setting for Safari trips were you will have a thrilling ride and will be able to see many beautiful animals such as Zebras, ostriches, African antelopes, Java deers, monkeys, ducks and geese in their naturals habitat, and will get to see extraordinary panoramic views of this breathtaking part of the island.

• Safari Quad biking Trips Experience an adventurous Quad biking activity in the most amazing natural setting! quad-biking activity in the 4,500 hectares of Yemen natural reserve park. More than a quad bike outing, it is a trip through a real safari. During the trip it is possible to see deers, zebras, ostriches, African antelopes, wild boars and many more; this a very big added bonus to this activity

• Swim at the northern beaches such as Trou aux Biches, shaded by casuarinas, Mont Choisy, a 2km (1.2-mile) narrow white stretch of sand curving north from there, and Péreybère, a little cove between Grand Baie and Cap Malheureux.

• Diving When you dive in Mauritius you explore coral reefs, multi-colored marine life, ship wrecks dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries, as well as some ships sunk more recently which create beautiful artificial reefs. There are numerous dive sites strewn all over the island. One of the most well-known and popular dive sites in Mauritius is the Cathedral, which is located off the Flic en Flac on the western coast of Mauritius. Other dive sites in Mauritius include the Whale Rock and Roche Zozo that is an underwater rock pinnacle and the submerged crater near Ile Ronde.You can go on a dive safari or diving trip to any of these dives sites and many more . Mauritius, almost completely encircled by a barrier coral reef, is home to many sponges, sea anemones and a variety of multi-colored fish such as the Damselfis, Trumpet, Boxfish not forgetting the playful clown, as well as Mauritian scorpion with its unique orange color. Most of the Dive sites are located on the west coast around Flic-en-Flac or in the north, at Trou aux Biches or at the Northern Islands. The best time to go diving is from November to April with very good visibility underwater. The Mauritius Scuba Diving Association (MSDA) can provide further information.

• Watch dolphins up-close in their natural habitat off the western coast (Tamarin) of the island.

• Speedboat from Trou d'eau Douce to the popular island playground of Ile aux Cerfs for beaches, golf and watersports. Or, for a quieter day, a catamaran to the Northern Islands - Gabriel Island, Flat Island and Gunner's Quoin.

• Hiking and Trekking Hiking and Trekking in Mauritius with its breathtaking views of mountains, rivers, forests and more in a hiking trip through the fields, trekking on a zip line or on a bike, and discover this magnificent nature paradise Mauritius being a volcanic island has several breathtaking summits and valleys to explore on foot. The island is well known for its natural beauty. In addition to the traditional trekking activity you can also go on a unique adventure activity of trekking with the zip lines It is recommended to visit the Black River Gorges National Park, a 6,794-hectare (16,788-acre) forest, to see indigenous plants, birds and wildlife. Black River Peak trail goes to Mauritius' highest mountain, while the Maccabee Trail starts nearby and plunges into the gorge to Black River.

• Mauritius Tandem Skydiving – Experience skydiving in Mauritius. A 10,000ft skydive in Mauritius paradise island. Enjoy Mauritius' most spectacular scenic flight and the most visually awesome Tandem Skydive. Tandem skydiving refers to a type of skydiving where a student skydiver is connected via a harness to a tandem instructor. The instructor guides the student through the whole jump from exit through freefall, piloting the canopy, and landing. The student needs only minimal instruction before making a tandem jump.

• Horse racing - The Mauritius horse racing club commonly called the Champ de Mars was founded in 1812, making it the oldest horse-racing club in the Southern Hemisphere. Horse racing is the most popular sport in Mauritius, and you can expect to have about 30,000 visitors in each race day. The horse racing season usually starts in April and ends normally in late November. With an average of 9 horses per race, some goes to a maximum of 12 horses. On average some 60 horses participate on each racing day. It is highly recommended to go and experience the electric atmosphere of horse racing in Mauritius. For those interested it is also possible have a VIP treatment in each of the VIP suites while enjoying snacks and drinks and a clear view of the race from your private balcony

• Lunch For an adventurous lunch of roasted wild boar, duck or deer curry with one of the best island views, try Domaine du Chasseur's alfresco Panoramour Restaurant. This domain is the best place to glimpse the Mauritius kestrel in the wild. ** WARNING. There is a steep hike up the hill from the car park to the restaurant. The restaurant offers a 4wd taxi service which is free if you eat one of their overpriced meals, but if you only want a cup of tea or desert they will slug you an outrageous 230 roupee per person, for the 5 minute ride. **

• Parasailing For those looking for a fun sea-air activity, you should definitely try parasailing. You will be rewarded with a breathtaking bird's eye view of the beautiful lagoon and beaches. This is the ultimate way to enjoy your holiday. The parasailing begins with a short safety briefing. Then you will be taken by boat to the launch pod where you will take off and start the parasailing. No steering is actually necessary as the sail follows the course of the boat

• Water Ski Water-skiing is one of the most popular water sports in Mauritius. You can enjoy water skiing along several of Mauritius’ coasts and also in few of the country’s lakes. The best area for water skiing is considered to be the north area of the island, along the coasts, where the lagoon provides full protection from the big waves of the open sea and offers ideal water skiing conditions of very calm sea

• La Vanille Réserve des Mascareignes The park which is home to various species of animals, reptiles and plants is set in a beautiful rain forested valley with natural freshwater springs, full of prawns and fish. It is commonly referred to as ‘The Crocodile Park', for its thousands of Nile crocodiles. It is the only place worldwide to breed aldabra tortoises. There is also a mini zoo of Mauritian fauna where you can find most of the Mauritian mammals and reptiles including skinks, phelsumas (geckos), tortoises, turtles, bats, deers, mongooses, monkeys, pigs, as well as domestic livestock such as goats, fat-tailed sheep and donkeys. At the park shop, you'll find crocodile belts and other crocodile goods.

• Swimming with Dolphins - Go on a speed boat trip and swim with Dolphins in the open sea. You can choose between 2 hours trip, half day and full day trips where you will get to swim with the Bottlenose Dolphin and the Spinner Dolphin, which have made of the West Coast of Mauritius a place for them to rest before going to the deep sea for their fishing.

• Walk with Lions & Cheetahs Experience a one-on-one encounter with Lions and Cheetahs! Feel the adrenaline rush, the sense of excitement and know how it is to be so close to these amazing creatures. From the moment you meet the lions, your adventure shall begin. Under the coolness of the trees you can take pleasure in viewing the lions from very close, see them playing and hopping on the rocks of the river banks and scaling the trees. The lions roam freely amongst the participants giving them the unique opportunity of being in close contact with them.

• Rodrigues Island Tiny, rugged, volcanic it lies 550km (340 miles) northeast of Mauritius and is known as the ‘anti-stress' island. The capital, Port Mathurin, is only seven streets wide, with a Creole population. Rodrigues offers walking, diving, kitesurfing and deep sea fishing.

• Tamarind Waterfalls The Tamarind Falls (also known as Tamarin Falls) are a beautiful attraction of the southwest of Mauritius. These falls are awkward to reach, but no doubt, it's worth the effort. Tamarind Falls on the Interior portion of the island is an incredible string of about 7 waterfalls surrounds by green mountains and is tucked away beyond a sugar cane filled. Bring something to swim in as the are numerous pools beneath certain falls to take a dip in. There are some spots that require getting a little dirty and some traction on your shoes, but it is well worth it. First time visitors would be advised not to go unguided. No doubt this is one of the most beautiful and calmest places in Mauritius, and one of the best places for nature and animals lovers, and for finding exotic plants and birds.

• Blue Safari Submarine see the wonderful underwater tropical fish without even getting your feet wet. Going underwater to 35 meters depth on board of a real submarine. You will get to visit a shipwreck, explore the rich coral reefs, and observe and encounter various species of fish. The submarine is air-conditioned with fully transparent-glassed cabin so you will enjoy exceptionally clear panoramic views of the extraordinary underwater world. At 35 meters undersea, you may see some rare species and will explore the underwater world just like on any other traditional safari

• Underwater Submarine Scooter Adventure Pilot your own underwater scooter by yourself or as a couple to 3-4 meters depth in full safety. Comfortably seated one behind the other, you breath freely and naturally in a broad common, transparent and panoramic cupola which allow you to discover and to enjoy full the view of the reef and marine life, while communicating all along with your partner. You will receive full briefing about the easy control of the underwater scooter, and will be equipped with a diving suit for warmth and full safety

• Sea Kayaking is a great way to explore the fine greenery of the lagoons, or the open waters of the Indian Ocean. It is possible to find wide range of sea kayaking trips and packages from breezy, calmer routes, to a few days trip surrounding the island in the deep ocean waters. This is also possible to have a kayak trip to any of the small islets surrounding the main island such as Ile D'Ambre Island.

• Shop Mauritius is not at all like Bali or Thailand. Don't expect the local merchants to be interested in a long bartering game. Many shops will not come down on price at all and even at the markets don't expect more than a 10 -20% discount. There are bargains to be had however. Many large brand names in the textile world are manufactured in Mauritius and you can often find over runs or slightly flawed items at a fraction of the European prices. It is also a good place to find unique designed jewelery, wide range of hand crafts such as: artificial flowers, model boats, wooden art and more. It is possible to reach the main shopping centers by public transportation, or to take a full day shopping tour which includes a driver to take you to the main centers and handcrafts workshops.

• Rock climbing – Rock climbing on the South West coast of Mauritius. You will get to experience rock climbing in a beautiful setting Of the Belle Vue Cliffs, where the caves of "La Pointe aux Caves" are nestled and in close proximity from the famous lighthouse of Albion. This a great outdoor sport where you will learn the basic techniques of knots, safe climbing and rock progression from Mauritius’ top professional guides. As part of rock climbing excursion you will be trained on some breathing exercises to maximize climbing performance over rock faces and cliffs

• Canyoning – For those seeking more adrenalin and thrill, canyoning is your ideal excursion, which challenges you to abseil down the steep walls of the canyons using nature watercourses and canyoning gear. The canyoning is offered in few locations in Mauritius. The Canyoning (known also as canyoneering) in Mauritius consists of traveling in canyons using a variety of techniques that may include walking, climbing, jumping, abseiling, and/or swimming

Eat

When leaving Mauritius, don't wait until you go through passport control if you want to have a snack. The coffee shop after passport control is not value for money. You would be better off visiting the snack bar before check-in and taking your purchases through with you.

Mauritius is a paradise for the senses, not only for the eyes with its beautiful landscape, but also for the palate. Gastronomes will find a variety of flavours and aromas inherited from the different migrations through its history. Culinary traditions from France, India, China and Africa, the best-known and appreciated cuisines in the world, have been passed on through generations.

Depending on the region, rice or a variety of flat bread called chapattis or roti, called farata (paratha) by the local people, is eaten with curries. The extensive use of spices like saffron, cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves and herbs like thyme, basil, and curry leaves are the common ingredients that provide some powerful, yet subtle, savour. Dal, a variety of lentil soup, are many and varied according to which type of lentil is used; vegetables, beans, and pickles accompany the dishes. Dholl puri and roti, originally an Indian delicacy have become the fish and chips of Mauritians.

Biryani from Mughal origins is a dish expertly prepared by the Muslim community, with meat mixed with spiced rice and potatoes.

You can buy many snacks on the streets of Mauritius including the famous gateaux piments (a variant of the indian vadai ; literally, chilli cakes), and vegetable or meat samosas (puffs), along with octopus curry in bread. The tomato and onion based dish called Rougaille (pronounced rooh-guy) is a variation of the French ragoût . The dish usually consists of meat or seafood (corned beef and salted snoek fish rougaille are very popular with the locals) and all Mauritians eat this dish often if not daily.

Mauritians have a sweet tooth and make many types of 'gateaux', as they are called. The cakes vary and you can find cakes very much like at home and others similar to Indian sweets like Gulab Jamun and Rasgulla among many others.

Check out the queues where the street sellers are selling their type of snacks and the longest queue will probably have the tastiest food on sale and is very cheap.

Drink

Mauritius produces a wide range of cane rum. It is very cheap and is a nice drink when mixed with cola and ice. Don't forget the coconut water with a dash of lime and a splash of local rum over ice. The serious amateur will try to find a bottle of five years old (or older) rum. Worth the price difference!

If you are staying in a hotel where the drinks are wildly expensive consider collecting your tipples while you are out and about from the local village shops or supermarkets where the prices are much cheaper.

The local beer Phoenix is considered to be one of the best in the world and costs around 30 rupees (less than one pound sterling) for a pint. Usually served very cold.

The local Black Eagle beer, brewed in Nouvelle France is one to watch out for as well. Definite refreshment to match the sweltering summer heat.

Try visiting the Medine Estate Refinery shop at Bambous (4km from Flic en Flac), on the west of the Island, for a wide variety of locally produced rums and liquors.

• Alpha Villa, [16].  edit

• Beachcomber Hotels, [17].  edit

• Bungalow Vanille, Royal Road, Black River, (info@bungalowvanille.com), [18]. http://bungalowvanille.com Detached bungalow with pool in tropical tranquility. Five minute walk to the beach. Friendly staff and fantastic value for money (€50/night).  edit

• Le Canonnier, [19]. Set on a private peninsula.  edit

• Les Chalets en Champagne, 110 route Plaine Champagne, Chamarel (above Chamarel, at the border of the Black River Gorges National Park), ☎ +230 483 6610 / 483 5710 (varangue@intnet.mu, fax: +230 483 5410), [20]. Some comfortable and beautiful mountain chalets in a very quiet garden, just on the border of the national park and under the Piton de la Rivière Noire. The perfect place to explore the jungle of the park. Splendid view on the valleys, the Morne and the sea. Good restaurant nearby (Varangue sur Morne). Warm welcome. Half-board for 2 guests €115.  edit

• Dinarobin, [21]. An elegant 5-star beach resort with spa  edit

• Labourdonnais, Waterfront, Port Louis 5* excellent hotel convenient for Port Louis and many restaurants around the area. Popular with businessmen. Excellent Guest Relations, business centre. Has trade delegations.

• Lacazecreole, Mare la chaux, Belle Mare, ☎ (230) 4934065 (lacazecreole@hotmail.com), [22].  edit

• La Maison d'Eté (small beach hotel), Coastal Road, Poste Lafayette, ☎ +230 410 5039 (info@lamaisondete.com, fax: + 230 410 5354), [23]. A good alternative to the big hotels. A few rooms. Private beach along the lagoon, from where you can swim and snorkel to view the corral fishes. Good restaurant. Warm welcome by the owners. Room for 2 persons €110.  edit

• Le Mauricia, [24].  edit

• Le Meridien Ile Maurice, [25]. Beachfront on the bay of Pointe aux Piments.  edit

• Le Paradis, [26]. 5-star golf resort  edit

• The Residence (The Residence Hotel Mauritius), [27]. 5* Hotel in the style of a plantation house; popular with honeymooners. Inspired by turn-of-the-century colonial mansions, The Residence (Mauritius) rekindles the grand tradition of those palaces of yesteryear.  edit

• Le Touessrok, [28]. Luxury hotel that is a member of 'the leading hotels of the world'  edit

• Rialto Villa, Trou Aux Biches, ☎ (230) 4653293 (info@rialtovilla.com, fax: (230) 4653293), [29].  edit

• Royal Palm, [30]. A Member of the Leading Hotels of the World  edit

• Shandrani, [31]. Resort for action-packed holidays, for families, couples, and nature-lovers.  edit

• Taj Exotica Resort & Spa, [32]. Beautifully designed right on Tamarin Bay.  edit

• Trou Aux Biches, [33]. Ideal for weddings and honeymoons  edit

• Veranda Resorts, ☎ +230 266 97 00 (info@veranda-resorts.com), [34]. Hotels & Resorts of character and authenticity in Mauritius.  edit

• Le Victoria, [35]. Family holiday resort.  edit

• Villas Oasis, Grand Bay, ☎ +2307270022, [36]. Charming luxurious self catering villa with private pool, kiosk and garden and 24hours security at only 2 mins from the beach  edit
• Tyvabro Guesthouse, 10 Rue La Marianne, Mahebourg, ☎ (230) 631 9674 - hassenjaunbocus@yahoo.com, [37]. Tyvabro Guesthouse is perfect if you are looking for cheaper accommodation with a friendly atmosphere. The guesthouse is operated by a family and has around 6 rooms of assorted configurations (double, twin etc). Each room is extremely comfortable including airconditioning and full linen. The price also includes a full breakfast which is fantastic. Only a 2 minute walk from the Mahebourg bus terminal, this is a great place to base yourself to discover the island of Mauritius. 27 Euro per room per night.  edit
• One&Only - Le Saint Géran, [38]. 5* hotel opened in 1975 and remodeled in 1999 with balconied room facing the Indian Ocean over a secluded beach. 60-acre resort has a 9-hole Gary Player designed golf course, a One&Only Spa with pool and gym, a French restaurant designed by chef Alain Ducasse called Spoon des Îles, a hotel restaurant with tables over the pool called La Terrasse and an Indian restaurant designed by Vineet Bhatia with tables over the water called Rasoi. Amenities includes a KidsOnly for children from 4 to 11 years old and a Teens Club.  edit
• Chante au Vent Guesthouse, Coastal Road, Pointe dEsny (5km from Mahebourg), ☎ +230 631 961, [39]. Chante au Vent guest house is a charming thatched house on the beach at Pointe d’Esny in the South – Eastern part of the island of Mauritius. Situated only a few steps from the Blue Bay Lagoon and its sandy beaches, Chant au Vent is the perfect location for a beach holiday.  edit

Work

Mauritius is an ideal place to live if you have your own business, especially if you earn your money overseas. The government established a new visa category in 2006 catering to the self-employed.

• Investment Promotion Agency of the Government of Mauritius, ☎ +230 203 3800 (contact@investmauritius.com), [40]. Extremely helpful government agency   edit

Investors, Self-employed and professionals are eligible to apply for an Occupation Permit which combines both a Work and Residence Permit. For further information visit the website [41].

There are companies which are specialised in providing advisory services to foreign investors, expatriates, professionals, and self-employed on Work and Residence Permit in Mauritius. For further information, please visit the website [42].

Stay safe

Be alert for your own security in Mauritius. Exercise common sense and look out for suspicious behaviour, as you would anywhere in the world. Be a smart traveler. Before your trip: Organize comprehensive travel insurance and check what circumstances and activities are not covered by your policy. Register your travel and contact details, so that you can be contacted in an emergency.

Crime levels in Mauritius are low, though petty crime is on the rise. Most crime against foreign tourists is petty crime, although incidents of assault and rape occur. The rate of crime is higher in downtown Port Louis, and in the coastal tourist centres of Grand Bay, Pereybere, Flic en Flac and Tamarin. Security risks increase after dark especially on beaches, city streets and in other secluded areas. There have been incidents of tourists being assaulted and robbed while staying at beachside bungalows run by unregistered proprietors.

Some safety advice:

• Avoid remote areas
• Avoid unexpected offers of (seemingly free) guided tours. Ulterior motives are common.
• Do not patronize unlicensed taxis (taxi marrons). Some robbers use this trick to lure and attack their victims.

Important telephone numbers

The Tourist Police service (Police du Tourisme), ☎ +230 213 2818.   edit

Stay healthy

Mauritius is a risk area for infection with dengue fever (also known as "breakbone fever" from the muscular paroxysms sometimes induced). No vaccine is available. However no cases of dengue fever have been recorded in the country for several years now.

Since 2005 during the high season a certain type of mosquito called the Aedes albopictus causes the viral illness Chikungunya and the insect is more likely to be around in the daytime.

It is important to use anti-mosquito protection at all times. Mosquitoes are more prevalent in rural areas but they can also inhabit the beach in the tourist zone and may lead to swollen joints and/or rashes. Symptoms last from one week up to several months depending how seriously you are affected. Some people recover quickly but it can take several months to recover completely.

It shouldn't put you off visiting Mauritius. Just take good care to cover yourself completely in the best mosquito repellent you can find and re-apply again after swimming. Sleep under a mosquito net. Spray the bedroom well before going to bed with a good repellant and take an electric repellant to plug into the power supply. You can buy plenty of repellants of all types locally in Mauritius quite cheaply including bracelets for kiddies.

Here is a website with comprehensive information on the Chikungunya virus - Health Protection Surveillance Centre’s website: [43]

In 1991, [44], 86% of the population had antibodies indicating that they had been exposed to the hepatitis A virus, following an epidemic of the disease in 1989. Hepatitis A vaccination is generally recommended for travel in East Africa (and most other places) by the CDC [45].

Due to recent efforts [46] transmission of schistosomiasis in Mauritius has been "virtually eliminated", according to the [47].

Many of the beaches are infested with sea urchins. It is a good idea to either buy or bring plastic shoes when venturing into the water. This is generally not a problem at the big hotels.

Reef fish in Mauritius have been found to contain a neurotoxin similar, but not identical, to that found in Caribbean reef fish.

It is important not to eat peanuts or take alcohol if you eat coral or reef fish like sea bass, snapper, mullet, grouper, there are many more. The fish eat the toxic algae that grows on the coral reefs. Don't eat intestines or testes of the fish as higher concentrations of the toxin collect here. The symptoms include gastrointestinal upset, vomiting and diarrhoea and sometimes numb feelings of the arms and legs. More info: [48]

Respect

When tourists go to Mauritius, many look for the typical Mauritian. They will not find them. There is no typical Mauritian, as Mauritians are a sum of different cultures. You have white Mauritians, African Mauritians, Indian Mauritians, Muslim Mauritians, Buddhist Mauritians ... the only thing you should know is that they all have different ways of life, and most of the time do not mix together. Each ethnic group fits a role in the Mauritian community.

The Mauritians all get on well together and respect each others traditions and way of life religions and customs. They are proud of their country and join together on many occasions to celebrate being Mauritian, especially on Independence Day, March 12th, achieved in 1968 when Dr Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (now deceased) was Prime Minister. He is now regarded as the revered father of Mauritius. Presently his son Dr. Navinchandra Ramgoolam is the Prime Minister.

Each morning the children sing the national anthem in the playground before commencing classes and it is a joy to hear them sing.

Glory to thee Motherland, 
O motherland of mine. 
Sweet is thy beauty, 
Sweet is thy fragrance, 
Around thee we gather 
As one people, 
As one nation, 
In peace, justice and liberty. 
Beloved country, may God bless thee for ever and ever.

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From LoveToKnow 1911

Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary

Wikipedia

Contents 1 English 1.1 Proper noun 1.1.1 Translations 1.2 See also 2 Finnish 2.1 Proper noun 2.1.1 Declension 2.1.2 Derived terms 3 German 3.1 Proper noun 3.1.1 Derived terms 4 Italian 4.1 Proper noun 4.1.1 Derived terms 5 Norwegian 5.1 Proper noun 5.1.1 See also 6 Polish 6.1 Proper noun 6.1.1 Declension 6.1.2 Derived terms 7 Swedish 7.1 Proper noun

English

Proper noun

Singular Mauritius

Plural -

Mauritius

1. Country in the Indian Ocean. Official name: Republic of Mauritius.
2. Given name; e.g., w:St. Mauritius

Translations

See also

• Countries of the world

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Finnish

Wikipedia ^fi

Proper noun

Mauritius

1. Mauritius

Declension

Declension of Mauritius (type vastaus) singular plural nominative Mauritius – genitive Mauritiuksen – partitive Mauritiusta – accusative Mauritius Mauritiuksen – inessive Mauritiuksessa – elative Mauritiuksesta – illative Mauritiukseen – adessive Mauritiuksella – ablative Mauritiukselta – allative Mauritiukselle – essive Mauritiuksena – translative Mauritiukseksi – instructive – – abessive Mauritiuksetta – comitative – –

Derived terms

• mauritiuslainen

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German

Wikipedia ^de

Proper noun

Mauritius n.

1. Mauritius

Derived terms

• Mauritier
• Mauritierin
• mauritisch

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Italian

Wikipedia ^it

Proper noun

Mauritius m.

1. Mauritius

Derived terms

• mauriziano

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Norwegian

Proper noun

Mauritius

1. Mauritius

See also

• mauritier
• mauritisk

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Polish

Proper noun

Mauritius m.

1. Mauritius

Declension

	Singular only
Nominative	Mauritius
Genitive	Mauritiusa
Dative	Mauritiusowi
Accusative	Mauritius
Instrumental	Mauritiusem
Locative	Mauritiusie
Vocative	Mauritiusie

Derived terms

• Maurytyjczyk m., Maurytyjka f.
• adjective: maurytyjski

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Swedish

Proper noun

Mauritius

1. Mauritius