From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604. It was originally listed as a comedy, but is also classified by modern scholars as one of Shakespeare's problem plays. Originally published in the First Folio of 1623, the play's first recorded performance was in 1604. The play deals with the issues of mercy, justice, and truth, and their relationship to pride and humility: "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall".

Contents 1 Characters 2 Synopsis 3 Sources 4 Date, text and authorship 5 Performance 6 Adaptations and cultural references 6.1 Film adaptations 6.2 Musical adaptations 6.3 Cultural references 7 References 8 External links

Characters

The Duke, also appears disguised as Friar Lodowick Isabella, a novice nun Claudio, Isabella's brother Angelo, rules in the Duke's absence Escalus,' a lord Lucio, a "fantastic," Mariana Angelo's fiance Mistress Overdone A prostitute

Pompey, a bawd and "tapster" (barman) who works for Mistress Overdone. The Provost, runs the prison, and is responsible for carrying out all of Angelo's orders. Elbow, a constable Barnardine, a prisoner Juliet, Claudio's lover, pregnant with his child. Justice, a friend of Escalus. Varrius, a friend of The Duke

Synopsis

Vincentio, the Duke of Vienna, makes it known that he intends to leave the city on a diplomatic mission. He leaves the government in the hands of a strict judge, Angelo. Under the Duke's government, the city's harsh laws against fornication have been laxly enforced, but Angelo, who later reveals himself as a hypocrite, is known to be a hard-liner on matters of sexual immorality.

Claudio, a young nobleman, is betrothed to Juliet; having put off their wedding, he makes her pregnant before wedlock. For this act of fornication he is punished by Angelo. Although he is willing to marry her, he is sentenced to death. Claudio's friend Lucio visits Claudio's sister Isabella, a postulant nun, and asks her to intercede with Angelo on Claudio's behalf.

Isabella obtains an audience with Angelo, and pleads to him for mercy. Over the course of two scenes between Angelo and Isabella, it becomes clear that he harbours lustful thoughts for her, and he eventually offers her a deal: Angelo will spare Claudio's life if Isabella will yield him her virginity. Isabella refuses, but she also realises that (due to Angelo's austere reputation) she will not be believed if she makes a public accusation against him. Instead she visits her brother in prison, and counsels him to prepare himself for death. Claudio vehemently begs Isabella to save his life, but Isabella refuses.

The Duke has not in fact left the city, but remains there disguised as a friar, in order to spy on his city's affairs, and especially the actions of Angelo. In his guise as a friar he befriends Isabella and arranges two tricks to thwart the evil intentions of Angelo:

1. First, a "bed trick" is arranged. Angelo has previously refused to fulfill the betrothal binding him to Mariana, because her dowry was lost at sea. Isabella sends word to Angelo that she has decided to submit to him, making it a condition of their meeting that it occurs in perfect darkness and silence. In fact, Mariana agrees to take Isabella's place, and she has sex with Angelo, although he continues to believe he has enjoyed Isabella. (In some interpretations of the law, this constitutes consummation of their betrothal, and so marriage.)
2. Contrary to expectation, Angelo goes back on his word, sending a message to the prison that he wishes to see Claudio's head, which necessitates the "head trick." The Duke first attempts to arrange the execution of another prisoner whose head can be sent instead of Claudio's. However, the villain Barnardine refuses to be executed in his current drunken state. As luck would have it, however, a pirate named Ragozine, of similar appearance to Claudio, has recently died of a fever, so his head is sent to Angelo instead.

This main plot concludes with the 'return' to Vienna of the Duke in his own person. Isabella and Mariana publicly petition him, and he hears their claims against Angelo, which Angelo smoothly denies. As the scene develops, it appears Friar Ludowick will be blamed for the 'false' accusations leveled against Angelo. The Duke leaves Angelo to be judge of the cause against Ludowick, but returns in disguise moments later when Ludowick is summoned. Eventually the friar reveals himself to be the duke, thereby exposing Angelo as a liar and Isabella and Mariana as truthful. He proposes that Angelo be executed—with his estate going to Mariana as her new dowry, "to buy you a better husband". Mariana pleads for Angelo's life, even enlisting the aid of Isabella (who is not yet aware her brother Claudio is still living). Heeding the petition of the two women, the Duke is merciful to Angelo, but compels him to marry Mariana. The Duke then proposes marriage to Isabella. Isabella makes no reply, and her reaction is interpreted differently in different productions: her silent acceptance of his proposal is the most common in performance.

A sub-plot concerns Claudio's friend Lucio, who frequently slanders the duke to the friar, and in the last act slanders the friar to the duke, providing opportunities for comic consternation on Vincentio's part, and landing Lucio in trouble when it is revealed that the duke and the friar are the same person. His punishment, like Angelo's, is to be forced into an undesired marriage: in his case with the whore Kate Keepdown.

Sources

The main source of the play is George Whetstone's 1578 lengthy twopart closet drama Promos and Cassandra. Whetstone took the story from Cinthio's Hecatommithi, which Shakespeare seems to have consulted, as well as a dramatization of the story, also by Cinthio.

The title, which appears as a line of dialogue in the play, may be related to the Bible, Matthew 7:2:

For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.

Date, text and authorship

Measure for Measure is believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604. The play was first published in 1623 in the First Folio.

In their book Shakespeare Reshaped, 1606-1623, Gary Taylor and John Jowett argue that the text of Measure that survives today is not its original form, but rather the product of a revision, after Shakespeare's death, by Thomas Middleton. They present stylistic evidence that patches of writing are by Middleton, and argue that Middleton changed the setting to Vienna, from the original Italy.^[1]

Performance

The earliest recorded performance of Measure for Measure took place on "St. Steven's night", 26 December 1604.

During the Restoration, Measure was one of many Shakespearean plays adapted to the tastes of a new audience. Sir William Davenant inserted Benedick and Beatrice from Much Ado About Nothing into his adaptation, called The Law Against Lovers. Samuel Pepys saw the hybrid play on 18 February 1662; he describes it in his Diary as "a good play, and well performed"—he was especially impressed by the singing and dancing of the young actress who played Viola, Beatrice's sister (Davenant's creation). Davenant rehabilitated Angelo, who is now only testing Isabella's chastity; the play ends with a triple marriage. This, among the earliest of Restoration adaptations, appears not to have succeeded on stage.

Charles Gildon returned to Shakespeare's text in a 1699 production at Lincoln's Inn Fields. His adaptation, entitled Beauty the Best Advocate, removes all of the low-comic characters. Moreover, by making both Angelo and Mariana, and Claudio and Juliet, secretly married, he eliminates almost all of the illicit sexuality that is so central to Shakespeare's play. In addition, he integrates into the play scenes from Henry Purcell's opera Dido and Aeneas, which Angelo watches sporadically throughout the play. Gildon also offers a partly facetious epilogue, spoken by Shakespeare's ghost, who complains of the constant revisions of his work. Like Davenant's, Gildon's version did not gain currency and was not revived.

John Rich presented a version closer to Shakespeare's original in 1720.^[2]

In late Victorian times the subject matter of the play was deemed controversial, and there was an outcry when Adelaide Neilson appeared as Isabella in the 1870s ^{[3 ]}. The Oxford University Dramatic Society found it necessary to edit it when staging it in February 1906^{[3 ]}, with Gervais Rentoul as Angelo and Maud Hoffman as Isabella, and the same text was used when Oscar Asche and Lily Brayton staged it at the Adelphi Theatre in the following month^[4].

William Poel produced the play, with himself as Angelo, in 1893 at the Royalty and in 1908 at the Gaiety in Manchester. In line with his other Elizabethan performances, these used the uncut text of Shakespeare's original with only minimal alterations. The use of an unlocalized stage lacking scenery, and the swift, musical delivery of dramatic speech set the standard for the rapidity and continuity shown in modern productions. Poel's work also marked the first determined attempt by a producer to give a modern psychological or theological reading of both the characters and the overall message of the play.^[5]

Notable recent productions of Measure for Measure are Peter Brook's 1950 staging at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre with John Gielgud as Angelo, Charles Laughton as Angelo at the Old Vic Theatre in 1933, and a 1976 New York Shakespeare Festival production featuring Meryl Streep as Isabella and John Cazale as Angelo. The play has only been produced on Broadway once, in a 1973 production that featured David Ogden Stiers as Vincentio and Kevin Kline in the small role of Friar Peter. It was later presented by the New York Shakespeare Festival in 1993, directed by Kevin Kline, who also starred as the Duke, and with Andre Braugher as Angelo and Lisa Gay Hamilton as Isabella.

Adaptations and cultural references

Film adaptations

• 1979 BBC Version shot on videotape, directed by Desmond Davis, generally considered to be a faithful rendition of the play. Kate Nelligan plays Isabella and Tim Pigott-Smith plays Angelo. Shown on PBS in the United States as part of the BBC Shakespeare series.
• 1994 TV Adaptation set in the present, starring Tom Wilkinson, Corin Redgrave and Juliet Aubrey.
• 2006 Version directed by Bob Komar, set in the British Army.

Musical adaptations

• The opera Das Liebesverbot (1836) by Richard Wagner with the libretto written by the composer based on Measure for Measure

• The musical Desperate Measures (2004), with book and lyrics by Peter Kellogg and music by David Friedman

Cultural references

• The character of Mariana inspired Tennyson for his poem Mariana (1830).
• The plot of the play was taken by Alexander Pushkin in his poetic tale Angelo (1833). Pushkin had begun to translate the Shakespearean play, but finally arrived at a generally non-dramatic tale with some dialog scenes.
• Thomas Hardy's novel, The Woodlanders, quotes the Duke.
• The Bertolt Brecht play, Round Heads and Pointed Heads, was originally written as an adaptation of Measure for Measure.
• Thomas Pynchon's early short-story, "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna", take its title from a verse in this play, and has also been inspired by it.
• The plot of the second episode of Blackadder II, "Head", echoes plot elements of the play, with the titular character, as Executioner, swapping around heads in order to pretend that a criminal is alive rather than dead.

References

External links

• Measure for Measure
• Measure for Measure - searchable e-text
• Measvre, For Measure - HTML version of this title.
• Measure For Measure - plain vanilla text from Project Gutenberg
• Sparknotes - Measure For Measure - Sparknotes' interpretation of key themes, scenes and characters.
• Crossref-it.info - Measure For Measure - Synopsis, key themes, characters, literary and cultural background.
• Measure for Measure - BFI Shakespeare on Screen.
• [1] - Film DVD contemporary re-working.
• [2] Measure For Measure feature film, on IMDB

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From Wikiquote

Measure for Measure is a play, written in 1603, by William Shakespeare. It is known as one of Shakespeare's three problem plays because it cannot be easily classified as a tragedy or comedy.

Contents 1 Act I 2 Act II 3 Act III 4 Act IV 5 Act V 6 External links

Act I

• Thyself and thy belongings
  Are not thine own so proper, as to waste
  Thyself upon thy virtues, them on thee.
  Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,
  Not light them for themselves; for if our virtues
  Did not go forth of us, ’t were all alike
  As if we had them not. Spirits are not finely touch’d,
  But to fine issues, nor Nature never lends
  The smallest scruple of her excellence,
  But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines
  Herself the glory of a creditor,
  Both thanks and use.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• He was ever precise in promise-keeping.
  • Lucio, scene ii

• We have strict statutes and most biting laws,
  The needful bits and curbs to headstrong steeds, —
  Which for these fourteen years we have let sleep;
  Even like an o'ergrown lion in a cave,
  That goes not out to prey. Now, as fond fathers,
  Having bound up the threat'ning twigs of birch,
  Only to stick it in their children's sight
  For terror, not to use, in time the rod
  Becomes more mock'd than fear'd; so our decrees,
  Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead,
  And liberty plucks justice by the nose;
  The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart
  Goes all decorum.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene iii

• I have on Angelo impos'd the office;
  Who may, in the ambush of my name, strike home.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene iii

• I hold you as a thing ensky’d and sainted.
  • Lucio, scene iv

• A man whose blood
  Is very snow-broth; one who never feels
  The wanton stings and motions of the sense.
  • Lucio, scene iv

• He arrests him on it;
  And follows close the rigour of the statute,
  To make him an example.
  • Lucio, scene iv

• Our doubts are traitors,
  And make us lose the good we oft might win,
  By fearing to attempt.
  • Lucio, scene iv

Act II

• 'Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus,
  Another thing to fall. I do not deny,
  The jury, passing on the prisoner’s life,
  May in the sworn twelve have a thief or two
  Guiltier than him they try.
  • Angelo, scene i

• Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.
  • Escalus, scene i

• This will last out a night in Russia,
  When nights are longest there.
  • Angelo, scene i

• Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it?
  • Angelo, scene ii

• No ceremony that to great ones ’longs,
  Not the king’s crown, nor the deputed sword,
  The marshal’s truncheon, nor the judge’s robe,
  Become them with one half so good a grace
  As mercy does.
  • Isabella, scene ii

• Why, all the souls that were, were forfeit once;
  And He that might the vantage best have took
  Found out the remedy. How would you be,
  If He, which is the top of judgment, should
  But judge you as you are?
  • Isabella, scene ii

• The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept.
  • Angelo, scene ii

• O! it is excellent
  To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous
  To use it like a giant.
  • Isabella, scene ii

• But man, proud man,
  Drest in a little brief authority,
  Most ignorant of what he’s most assur'd;
  His glassy essence, like an angry ape,
  Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven,
  As make the angels weep.
  • Isabella, scene ii

• That in the captain ’s but a choleric word,
  Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy.
  • Isabella, scene ii

• Our compell’d sins
  Stand more for number than for accompt.
  • Angelo, scene iv

• Let me be ignorant and in nothing good,
  But graciously to know I am no better.
  • Isabella, scene iv

Act III

• The miserable have no other medicine,
  But only hope.
  • Claudio, scene i

• Be absolute for death; either death or life
  Shall thereby be the sweeter. Reason thus with life,
  If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing
  That none but fools would keep: a breath thou art,
  Servile to all the skyey influences,
  That dost this habitation, where thou keep'st
  Hourly afflict; merely, thou art death's fool;
  For him thou labour'st by thy flight to shun,
  And yet runn'st toward him still. Thou art not noble;
  For all the accommodations that thou bear'st
  Are nurs'd by baseness. Thou art by no means valiant;
  For thou dost fear the soft and tender fork
  Of a poor worm. Thy best of rest is sleep,
  And that thou oft provok'st; yet grossly fear'st
  Thy death, which is no more. Thou art not thyself
  For thou exist'st on many a thousand grains
  That issue out of dust. Happy thou art not;
  For what thou hast not, still thou striv'st to get;
  And what thou hast, forgett'st. Thou art not certain;
  For thy complexion shifts to strange effects,
  After the moon. If thou art rich, thou art poor;
  For, like an ass whose back with ingots bows,
  Thou bear'st thy heavy riches but a journey,
  And death unloads thee. Friend hast thou none;
  For thine own bowels, which do call thee sire,
  The mere effusion of thy proper loins,
  Do curse the gout, serpigo, and the rheum,
  For ending thee no sooner. Thou hast nor youth nor age,
  But, as it were, an after-dinner's sleep,
  Dreaming on both: for all thy blessed youth
  Becomes as aged, and doth beg the alms
  Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich
  Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, nor beauty,
  To make thy riches pleasant. What's yet in this
  That bears the name of life? Yet in this life
  Lie hid more thousand deaths: yet death we fear,
  That makes these odds all even.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• The sense of death is most in apprehension;
  And the poor beetle, that we tread upon,
  In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great
  As when a giant dies.
  • Isabella, scene i

• O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
  The damned'st body to invest and cover
  In rev'rend guards!
  • Isabella, scene i

• Ay, but to die, and go we know not where;
  To lie in cold obstruction and to rot;
  This sensible warm motion to become
  A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit
  To bathe in fiery floods, or to reside
  In thrilling region of thick-ribbed ice;
  To be imprison’d in the viewless winds,
  And blown with restless violence round about
  The pendent world.
  • Claudio, scene i

• The weariest and most loathed worldly life
  That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment
  Can lay on nature, is a paradise
  To what we fear of death.
  • Claudio, scene i

• The hand that hath made you fair hath made you good.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• There, at the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• He who the sword of heaven will bear
  Should be as holy as severe;
  Pattern in himself to know,
  Grace to stand, and virtue go;
  More nor less by others paying
  Than by self-offences weighing.
  Shame on him whose cruel striking
  Kills for faults of his own liking!
  Twice treble shame on Angelo,
  To weed my vice and let his grow!
  O, what may man within him hide,
  Though angel on the outward side!
  Making practise on the times,
  To draw with idle spiders' strings
  Most ponderous and substantial things!
  Craft against vice I must apply:
  With Angelo to-night shall lie
  His old betrothed but despised;
  So disguise shall, by the disguised,
  Pay with falsehood false exacting,
  And perform an old contracting.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene ii

Act IV

Take, oh take those lips away,
That so sweetly were forsworn;
And those eyes: the break of day,
Lights that do mislead the Morn;
But my kisses bring again,

bring again,

Seals of love, but seal'd in vain,

seal'd in vain.

• Boy, scene i

• Every true man’s apparel fits your thief.
  • Abhorson, scene ii

• Alack, when once our grace we have forgot,
  Nothing goes right! we would, and we would not.
  • Angelo, scene iv

Act V

• A forted residence ’gainst the tooth of time
  And razure of oblivion.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• Truth is truth
  To the end of reckoning.
  • Isabella, scene i

• My business in this state
  Made me a looker-on here in Vienna,
  Where I have seen corruption boil and bubble,
  Till it o'er-run the stew.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

• They say, best men are moulded out of faults:
  And, for the most, become much more the better,
  For being a little bad.
  • Mariana, scene i

• What’s mine is yours, and what is yours is mine.
  • Duke Vincentio, scene i

External links

From Wikisource

The source document of this text is not known. Please see this document's talk page page for details.

MEASURE FOR MEASURE by William Shakespeare

DRAMATIS PERSONAE (Persons Represented):

VICENTIO, Duke of Vienna.

ANGELO, Lord Deputy in the Duke's absence.

ESCALUS, an ancient Lord, joined with Angelo in the deputation.

CLAUDIO, a young Gentleman.

LUCIO, a Fantastic.

Two other like Gentlemen.

VARRIUS, a Gentleman, Servant to the Duke.

PROVOST.

THOMAS, friar.

PETER, friar.

A JUSTICE.

ELBOW, a simple Constable.

FROTH, a foolish Gentleman.

POMPEY, Servant to Mistress Overdone.

ABHORSON, an Executioner.

BARNARDINE, a dissolute Prisoner.

ISABELLA, Sister to Claudio.

MARIANA, betrothed to Angelo.

JULIET, beloved by Claudio.

FRANCISCA, a nun.

MISTRESS OVERDONE, a Bawd.

Lords, Gentlemen, Guards, Officers, and other Attendants.

SCENE: Vienna

Contents 1 ACT I. 1.1 SCENE I. An apartment in the DUKE'S Palace. 1.2 SCENE II. A street. 1.3 SCENE III. The same. 1.4 SCENE IV. A Monastery. 1.5 SCENE V. A Nunnery. 2 ACT II. 2.1 SCENE I. A hall in ANGELO'S house. 2.2 SCENE II. Another room in the same. 2.3 SCENE III. A Room in a prison. 2.4 SCENE IV. A Room in ANGELO'S house. 3 ACT III. 3.1 SCENE I. A Room in the prison. 3.2 SCENE II. The Street before the Prison. 4 ACT IV. 4.1 SCENE I. A Room in Mariana's House. 4.2 SCENE II. A Room in the prison. 4.3 SCENE III. Another Room in the same. 4.4 SCENE IV. A Room in ANGELO'S house. 4.5 SCENE V. Fields without the town. 4.6 SCENE VI. Street near the City Gate. 5 ACT V. 5.1 SCENE I. A public place near the city gate.

ACT I.

SCENE I. An apartment in the DUKE'S Palace.

[Enter DUKE, ESCALUS, LORDS, and ATTENDANTS.]

DUKE.

Escalus,—

ESCALUS.

My lord.

DUKE.

Of government the properties to unfold,

Would seem in me to affect speech and discourse;

Since I am put to know that your own science

Exceeds, in that, the lists of all advice

My strength can give you: then no more remains

But that to your sufficiency, as your worth is able,

And let them work. The nature of our people,

Our city's institutions, and the terms

For common justice, you are as pregnant in

As art and practice hath enriched any

That we remember. There is our commission,

From which we would not have you warp.—Call hither,

I say, bid come before us, Angelo.—

[Exit an Attendant.]

What figure of us think you he will bear?

For you must know we have with special soul

Elected him our absence to supply;

Lent him our terror, drest him with our love,

And given his deputation all the organs

Of our own power: what think you of it?

ESCALUS.

If any in Vienna be of worth

To undergo such ample grace and honour,

It is Lord Angelo.

[Enter ANGELO.]

DUKE.

Look where he comes.

ANGELO.

Always obedient to your grace's will,

I come to know your pleasure.

DUKE.

Angelo,

There is a kind of character in thy life

That to th' observer doth thy history

Fully unfold. Thyself and thy belongings

Are not thine own so proper as to waste

Thyself upon thy virtues, they on thee.

Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,

Not light them for themselves: for if our virtues

Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike

As if we had them not. Spirits are not finely touch'd

But to fine issues: nor nature never lends

The smallest scruple of her excellence

But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines

Herself the glory of a creditor,

Both thanks and use. But I do bend my speech

To one that can my part in him advertise;

Hold, therefore, Angelo;

In our remove be thou at full ourself:

Mortality and mercy in Vienna

Live in thy tongue and heart! Old Escalus,

Though first in question, is thy secondary:

Take thy commission.

ANGELO.

Now, good my lord,

Let there be some more test made of my metal,

Before so noble and so great a figure

Be stamped upon it.

DUKE.

No more evasion:

We have with a leaven'd and prepared choice

Proceeded to you; therefore take your honours.

Our haste from hence is of so quick condition

That it prefers itself, and leaves unquestion'd

Matters of needful value. We shall write to you

As time and our concernings shall importune,

How it goes with us; and do look to know

What doth befall you here. So, fare you well:

To the hopeful execution do I leave you

Of your commissions.

ANGELO.

Yet give leave, my lord,

That we may bring you something on the way.

DUKE.

My haste may not admit it;

Nor need you, on mine honour, have to do

With any scruple: your scope is as mine own:

So to enforce or qualify the laws

As to your soul seems good. Give me your hand;

I'll privily away: I love the people,

But do not like to stage me to their eyes:

Though it do well, I do not relish well

Their loud applause and 'aves' vehement:

Nor do I think the man of safe discretion

That does affect it. Once more, fare you well.

ANGELO.

The heavens give safety to your purposes!

ESCALUS.

Lead forth and bring you back in happiness.

DUKE.

I thank you. Fare you well.

[Exit.]

ESCALUS.

I shall desire you, sir, to give me leave

To have free speech with you; and it concerns me

To look into the bottom of my place:

A pow'r I have, but of what strength and nature

I am not yet instructed.

ANGELO.

'Tis so with me.—Let us withdraw together,

And we may soon our satisfaction have

Touching that point.

ESCALUS.

I'll wait upon your honour.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. A street.

[Enter Lucio and two Gentlemen.]

LUCIO.

If the duke, with the other dukes, come not to composition

with the King of Hungary, why then all the dukes fall upon

the king.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Heaven grant us its peace, but not the King of Hungary's!

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

Amen.

LUCIO.

Thou concludest like the sanctimonious pirate that went to sea

with the ten

commandments, but scraped one out of the table.

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

Thou shalt not steal?

LUCIO.

Ay, that he razed.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Why, 'twas a commandment to command the captain and all the rest

from their

functions; they put forth to steal. There's not a soldier of us

all that, in

the thanksgiving before meat, do relish the petition well that

prays for

peace.

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

I never heard any soldier dislike it.

LUCIO.

I believe thee; for I think thou never wast where grace was said.

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

No? A dozen times at least.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

What? in metre?

LUCIO.

In any proportion or in any language.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

I think, or in any religion.

LUCIO.

Ay! why not? Grace is grace, despite of all controversy. As, for

example;—thou

thyself art a wicked villain, despite of all grace.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Well, there went but a pair of shears between us.

LUCIO.

I grant; as there may between the lists and the velvet. Thou art

the list.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

And thou the velvet: thou art good velvet; thou'rt a three-piled

piece, I warrant thee: I had as lief be a list of an English

kersey as be piled, as thou art piled, for a French velvet.

Do I speak feelingly now?

LUCIO.

I think thou dost; and, indeed, with most painful feeling of thy

speech. I will, out of thine own confession, learn to begin thy

health; but, whilst I live, forget to drink after thee.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

I think I have done myself wrong; have I not?

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

Yes, that thou hast, whether thou art tainted or free.

LUCIO.

Behold, behold, where Madam Mitigation comes! I have purchased as

many diseases under her roof as come to—

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

To what, I pray?

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Judge.

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

To three thousand dollars a year.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Ay, and more.

LUCIO.

A French crown more.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Thou art always figuring diseases in me, but thou art full of

error; I am sound.

LUCIO.

Nay, not, as one would say, healthy; but so sound as things that

are hollow: thy bones are hollow: impiety has made a feast of thee.

[Enter BAWD.]

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica?

BAWD.

Well, well; there's one yonder arrested and carried to prison was

worth five thousand of you all.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Who's that, I pray thee?

BAWD.

Marry, sir, that's Claudio, Signior Claudio.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

Claudio to prison! 'tis not so.

BAWD.

Nay, but I know 'tis so: I saw him arrested; saw him carried

away; and, which is more, within these three days his head to

be chopped off.

LUCIO.

But, after all this fooling, I would not have it so. Art thou

sure of this?

BAWD.

I am too sure of it: and it is for getting Madam Julietta with

child.

LUCIO.

Believe me, this may be: he promised to meet me two hours since,

and he was ever precise in promise-keeping.

SECOND GENTLEMAN.

Besides, you know, it draws something near to the speech we had

to such a purpose.

FIRST GENTLEMAN.

But most of all agreeing with the proclamation.

LUCIO.

Away; let's go learn the truth of it.

[Exeunt Lucio and Gentlemen.]

BAWD.

Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the

gallows, and what with poverty, I am custom-shrunk.

How now! what's the news with you?

[Enter POMPEY.]

POMPEY.

Yonder man is carried to prison.

BAWD.

Well: what has he done?

POMPEY.

A woman.

BAWD.

But what's his offence?

POMPEY.

Groping for trouts in a peculiar river.

BAWD.

What! is there a maid with child by him?

POMPEY.

No; but there's a woman with maid by him. You have not heard of

the proclamation, have you?

BAWD.

What proclamation, man?

POMPEY.

All houses in the suburbs of Vienna must be plucked down.

BAWD.

And what shall become of those in the city?

POMPEY.

They shall stand for seed: they had gone down too, but that a

wise burgher put in for them.

BAWD.

But shall all our houses of resort in the suburbs be pulled down?

POMPEY.

To the ground, mistress.

BAWD.

Why, here's a change indeed in the commonwealth! What shall

become of me?

POMPEY.

Come, fear not you; good counsellors lack no clients: though you

change your place you need not change your trade; I'll be your

tapster still.

Courage; there will be pity taken on you: you that have worn your

eyes almost out in the service, you will be considered.

BAWD.

What's to do here, Thomas Tapster? Let's withdraw.

POMPEY.

Here comes Signior Claudio, led by the provost to prison: and

there's Madam Juliet.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE III. The same.

[Enter PROVOST, CLAUDIO, JULIET, and Officers; LUCIO and two Gentlemen.]

CLAUDIO.

Fellow, why dost thou show me thus to the world?

Bear me to prison, where I am committed.

PROVOST.

I do it not in evil disposition,

But from Lord Angelo by special charge.

CLAUDIO.

Thus can the demi-god Authority

Make us pay down for our offence by weight.—

The words of heaven;—on whom it will, it will;

On whom it will not, so; yet still 'tis just.

LUCIO.

Why, how now, Claudio, whence comes this restraint?

CLAUDIO.

From too much liberty, my Lucio, liberty:

As surfeit is the father of much fast,

So every scope by the immoderate use

Turns to restraint. Our natures do pursue,—

Like rats that ravin down their proper bane,—

A thirsty evil; and when we drink we die.

LUCIO.

If I could speak so wisely under an arrest, I would send for

certain of my creditors; and yet, to say the truth, I had as

lief have the foppery of freedom as the morality of

imprisonment.—What's thy offence, Claudio?

CLAUDIO.

What but to speak of would offend again.

LUCIO.

What, is't murder?

CLAUDIO.

No.

LUCIO.

Lechery?

CLAUDIO.

Call it so.

PROVOST.

Away, sir; you must go.

CLAUDIO.

One word, good friend.—Lucio, a word with you.

[Takes him aside.]

LUCIO.

A hundred, if they'll do you any good. Is lechery so lookeed

after?

CLAUDIO.

Thus stands it with me:—Upon a true contract

I got possession of Julietta's bed:

You know the lady; she is fast my wife,

Save that we do the denunciation lack

Of outward order;: this we came not to

Only for propagation of a dower

Remaining in the coffer of her friends;

From whom we thought it meet to hide our love

Till time had made them for us. But it chances

The stealth of our most mutual entertainment,

With character too gross, is writ on Juliet.

LUCIO.

With child, perhaps?

CLAUDIO.

Unhappily, even so.

And the new deputy now for the duke,—

Whether it be the fault and glimpse of newness,

Or whether that the body public be

A horse whereon the governor doth ride,

Who, newly in the seat, that it may know

He can command, lets it straight feel the spur:

Whether the tyranny be in his place,

Or in his eminence that fills it up,

I stagger in.—But this new governor

Awakes me all the enrolled penalties

Which have, like unscour'd armour, hung by the wall

So long that nineteen zodiacs have gone round

And none of them been worn; and, for a name,

Now puts the drowsy and neglected act

Freshly on me; 'tis surely for a name.

LUCIO.

I warrant it is: and thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders

that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Send after the

duke, and appeal to him.

CLAUDIO.

I have done so, but he's not to be found.

I pr'ythee, Lucio, do me this kind service:

This day my sister should the cloister enter,

And there receive her approbation:

Acquaint her with the danger of my state;

Implore her, in my voice, that she make friends

To the strict deputy; bid herself assay him;

I have great hope in that: for in her youth

There is a prone and speechless dialect

Such as moves men; beside, she hath prosperous art

When she will play with reason and discourse,

And well she can persuade.

LUCIO.

I pray she may; as well for the encouragement of the like, which

else would stand under grievous imposition, as for the enjoying

of thy life, who I would be sorry should be thus foolishly lost

at a game of tick-tack. I'll to her.

CLAUDIO.

I thank you, good friend Lucio.

LUCIO.

Within two hours,—

CLAUDIO.

Come, officer, away.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. A Monastery.

[Enter DUKE and FRIAR THOMAS.]

DUKE.

No; holy father; throw away that thought;

Believe not that the dribbling dart of love

Can pierce a complete bosom: why I desire thee

To give me secret harbour hath a purpose

More grave and wrinkled than the aims and ends

Of burning youth.

FRIAR.

May your grace speak of it?

DUKE.

My holy sir, none better knows than you

How I have ever lov'd the life remov'd,

And held in idle price to haunt assemblies

Where youth, and cost, a witless bravery keeps.

I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,—

A man of stricture and firm abstinence,—

My absolute power and place here in Vienna,

And he supposes me travell'd to Poland;

For so I have strew'd it in the common ear,

And so it is received. Now, pious sir,

You will demand of me why I do this?

FRIAR.

Gladly, my lord.

DUKE.

We have strict statutes and most biting laws,—

The needful bits and curbs to headstrong steeds,—

Which for this fourteen years we have let sleep,

Even like an o'ergrown lion in a cave,

That goes not out to prey. Now, as fond fathers,

Having bound up the threat'ning twigs of birch,

Only to stick it in their children's sight

For terror, not to use, in time the rod

Becomes more mock'd than fear'd; so our decrees,

Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead;

And liberty plucks justice by the nose;

The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart

Goes all decorum.

FRIAR.

It rested in your grace

To unloose this tied-up justice when you pleas'd;

And it in you more dreadful would have seem'd

Than in Lord Angelo.

DUKE.

I do fear, too dreadful:

Sith 'twas my fault to give the people scope,

'Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them

For what I bid them do: for we bid this be done

When evil deeds have their permissive pass

And not the punishment. Therefore, indeed, my father,

I have on Angelo impos'd the office;

Who may, in the ambush of my name, strike home,

And yet my nature never in the fight

To do in slander. And to behold his sway,

I will, as 'twere a brother of your order,

Visit both prince and people: therefore, I pr'ythee,

Supply me with the habit, and instruct me

How I may formally in person bear me

Like a true friar. Moe reasons for this action

At our more leisure shall I render you;

Only, this one:—Lord Angelo is precise;

Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses

That his blood flows, o that his appetite

Is more to bread than stone: hence shall we see,

If power change purpose, what our seemers be.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE V. A Nunnery.

[Enter ISABELLA and FRANCISCA.]

ISABELLA.

And have you nuns no further privileges?

FRANCISCA.

Are not these large enough?

ISABELLA.

Yes, truly; I speak not as desiring more,

But rather wishing a more strict restraint

Upon the sisterhood, the votarists of Saint Clare.

LUCIO.

[Within.] Ho! Peace be in this place!

ISABELLA.

Who's that which calls?

FRANCISCA.

It is a man's voice. Gentle Isabella,

Turn you the key, and know his business of him;

You may, I may not; you are yet unsworn:

When you have vow'd, you must not speak with men

But in the presence of the prioress;

Then, if you speak, you must not show your face;

Or, if you show your face, you must not speak.

He calls again; I pray you answer him.

[Exit FRANCISCA.]

ISABELLA.

Peace and prosperity! Who is't that calls?

[Enter LUCIO.]

LUCIO.

Hail, virgin, if you be; as those cheek-roses

Proclaim you are no less! Can you so stead me

As bring me to the sight of Isabella,

A novice of this place, and the fair sister

To her unhappy brother Claudio?

ISABELLA.

Why her unhappy brother? let me ask;

The rather, for I now must make you know

I am that Isabella, and his sister.

LUCIO.

Gentle and fair, your brother kindly greets you:

Not to be weary with you, he's in prison.

ISABELLA.

Woe me! For what?

LUCIO.

For that which, if myself might be his judge,

He should receive his punishment in thanks:

He hath got his friend with child.

ISABELLA.

Sir, make me not your story.

LUCIO.

It is true.

I would not—though 'tis my familiar sin

With maids to seem the lapwing, and to jest,

Tongue far from heart—play with all virgins so:

I hold you as a thing ensky'd and sainted;

By your renouncement an immortal spirit;

And to be talk'd with in sincerity,

As with a saint.

ISABELLA.

You do blaspheme the good in mocking me.

LUCIO.

Do not believe it. Fewness and truth, 'tis thus:

Your brother and his lover have embraced:

As those that feed grow full: as blossoming time,

That from the seedness the bare fallow brings

To teeming foison; even so her plenteous womb

Expresseth his full tilth and husbandry.

ISABELLA.

Some one with child by him?—My cousin Juliet?

LUCIO.

Is she your cousin?

ISABELLA.

Adoptedly, as school-maids change their names

By vain though apt affection.

LUCIO.

She it is.

ISABELLA.

O, let him marry her!

LUCIO.

This is the point.

The duke is very strangely gone from hence;

Bore many gentlemen, myself being one,

In hand, and hope of action: but we do learn

By those that know the very nerves of state,

His givings out were of an infinite distance

From his true-meant design. Upon his place,

And with full line of his authority,

Governs Lord Angelo: a man whose blood

Is very snow-broth; one who never feels

The wanton stings and motions of the sense.

But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge

With profits of the mind, study, and fast.

He,—to give fear to use and liberty,

Which have for long run by the hideous law,

As mice by lions,—hath pick'd out an act,

Under whose heavy sense your brother's life

Falls into forfeit: he arrests him on it;

And follows close the rigour of the statute

To make him an example; all hope is gone.

Unless you have the grace by your fair prayer

To soften Angelo: and that's my pith

Of business 'twixt you and your poor brother.

ISABELLA.

Doth he so seek his life?

LUCIO.

Has censur'd him

Already; and, as I hear, the provost hath

A warrant for his execution.

ISABELLA.

Alas! what poor ability's in me

To do him good.

LUCIO.

Assay the power you have.

ISABELLA.

My power! alas, I doubt,—

LUCIO.

Our doubts are traitors,

And make us lose the good we oft might win

By fearing to attempt. Go to Lord Angelo,

And let him learn to know, when maidens sue,

Men give like gods; but when they weep and kneel,

All their petitions are as freely theirs

As they themselves would owe them.

ISABELLA.

I'll see what I can do.

LUCIO.

But speedily.

ISABELLA.

I will about it straight;

No longer staying but to give the Mother

Notice of my affair. I humbly thank you:

Commend me to my brother: soon at night

I'll send him certain word of my success.

LUCIO.

I take my leave of you.

ISABELLA.

Good sir, adieu.

[Exeunt.]

ACT II.

SCENE I. A hall in ANGELO'S house.

[Enter ANGELO, ESCALUS, a JUSTICE, PROVOST, Officers, and other Attendants.]

ANGELO.

We must not make a scarecrow of the law,

Setting it up to fear the birds of prey,

And let it keep one shape till custom make it

Their perch, and not their terror.

ESCALUS.

Ay, but yet

Let us be keen, and rather cut a little

Than fall and bruise to death. Alas! this gentleman,

Whom I would save, had a most noble father.

Let but your honour know,—

Whom I believe to be most strait in virtue,—

That, in the working of your own affections,

Had time coher'd with place, or place with wishing,

Or that the resolute acting of your blood

Could have attain'd the effect of your own purpose,

Whether you had not sometime in your life

Err'd in this point which now you censure him,

And pull'd the law upon you.

ANGELO.

'Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus,

Another thing to fall. I not deny

The jury, passing on the prisoner's life,

May, in the sworn twelve, have a thief or two

Guiltier than him they try. What's open made to justice,

That justice seizes. What knows the laws

That thieves do pass on thieves? 'Tis very pregnant,

The jewel that we find, we stoop and take it,

Because we see it; but what we do not see

We tread upon, and never think of it.

You may not so extenuate his offence

For I have had such faults; but rather tell me,

When I, that censure him, do so offend,

Let mine own judgment pattern out my death,

And nothing come in partial. Sir, he must die.

ESCALUS.

Be it as your wisdom will.

ANGELO.

Where is the provost?

PROVOST.

Here, if it like your honour.

ANGELO.

See that Claudio

Be executed by nine to-morrow morning:

Bring him his confessor; let him be prepard;

For that's the utmost of his pilgrimage.

[Exit PROVOST.]

ESCALUS.

Well, heaven forgive him! and forgive us all!

Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall:

Some run from brakes of vice, and answer none,

And some condemned for a fault alone.

[Enter ELBOW, FROTH, POMPEY, Officers, &c.]

ELBOW.

Come, bring them away: if these be good people in a commonweal

that do nothing but use their abuses in common houses, I know

no law; bring them away.

ANGELO.

How now, sir! What's your name? and what's the matter?

ELBOW.

If it please your honour, I am the poor duke's constable, and my

name is Elbow; I do lean upon justice, sir, and do bring in here

before your good honour two notorious benefactors.

ANGELO.

Benefactors! Well; what benefactors are they? are they not

malefactors?

ELBOW.

If it please your honour, I know not well what they are; but

precise villains they are, that I am sure of; and void of all

profanation in the world that good Christians ought to have.

ESCALUS.

This comes off well; here's a wise officer.

ANGELO.

Go to;—what quality are they of? Elbow is your name? Why dost

thou not speak, Elbow?

POMPEY.

He cannot, sir; he's out at elbow.

ANGELO.

What are you, sir?

ELBOW.

He, sir? a tapster, sir; parcel-bawd; one that serves a bad

woman; whose house, sir, was, as they say, plucked down in the

suburbs; and now she professes a hot-house, which, I think, is

a very ill house too.

ESCALUS.

How know you that?

ELBOW.

My wife, sir, whom I detest before heaven and your honour,—

ESCALUS.

How! thy wife!

ELBOW.

Ay, sir; who, I thank heaven, is an honest woman,—

ESCALUS.

Dost thou detest her therefore?

ELBOW.

I say, sir, I will detest myself also, as well as she, that this

house, if it be not a bawd's house, it is pity of her life, for

it is a naughty house.

ESCALUS.

How dost thou know that, constable?

ELBOW.

Marry, sir, by my wife; who, if she had been a woman cardinally

given, might have been accused in fornication, adultery, and all

uncleanliness there.

ESCALUS.

By the woman's means?

ELBOW.

Ay, sir, by Mistress Overdone's means: but as she spit in his

face, so she defied him.

POMPEY.

Sir, if it please your honour, this is not so.

ELBOW.

Prove it before these varlets here, thou honourable man, prove

it.

ESCALUS.

[To ANGELO.] Do you hear how he misplaces?

POMPEY.

Sir, she came in great with child; and longing,—saving your

honour's reverence—for stew'd prunes; sir, we had but two in

the house, which at that very distant time stood, as it were,

in a fruit dish, a dish of some threepence; your honours have

seen such dishes; they are not China dishes, but very good

dishes.

ESCALUS.

Go to, go to; no matter for the dish, sir.

POMPEY.

No, indeed, sir, not of a pin; you are therein in the right; but

to the point. As I say, this Mistress Elbow, being, as I say,

with child, and being great-bellied, and longing, as I said, for

prunes; and having but two in the dish, as I said, Master Froth

here, this very man, having eaten the rest, as I said, and, as I

say, paying for them very honestly;—for, as you know, Master

Froth, I could not give you threepence again,—

FROTH.

No, indeed.

POMPEY.

Very well; you being then, if you be remember'd, cracking the

stones of the foresaid prunes,—

FROTH.

Ay, so I did indeed.

POMPEY.

Why, very well: I telling you then, if you be remember'd, that

such a one and such a one were past cure of the thing you wot of,

unless they kept very good diet, as I told you,—

FROTH.

All this is true.

POMPEY.

Why, very well then.

ESCALUS.

Come, you are a tedious fool: to the purpose. What was done to

Elbow's wife that he hath cause to complain of? Come me to what

was done to her.

POMPEY.

Sir, your honour cannot come to that yet.

ESCALUS.

No, sir, nor I mean it not.

POMPEY.

Sir, but you shall come to it, by your honour's leave. And, I

beseech you, look into Master Froth here, sir, a man of fourscore

pound a-year; whose father died at Hallowmas:—was't not at

Hallowmas, Master Froth?

FROTH.

All-hallond eve.

POMPEY.

Why, very well; I hope here be truths: He, sir, sitting, as I

say, in a lower chair, sir;—'twas in the 'Bunch of Grapes',

where, indeed, you have a delight to sit, have you not?—

FROTH.

I have so; because it is an open room, and good for winter.

POMPEY.

Why, very well then;—I hope here be truths.

ANGELO.

This will last out a night in Russia,

When nights are longest there: I'll take my leave,

And leave you to the hearing of the cause;

Hoping you'll find good cause to whip them all.

ESCALUS.

I think no less. Good morrow to your lordship.

[Exit ANGELO.]

Now, sir, come on; what was done to Elbow's wife, once more?

POMPEY.

Once, sir? there was nothing done to her once.

ELBOW.

I beseech you, sir, ask him what this man did to my wife.

POMPEY.

I beseech your honour, ask me.

ESCALUS.

Well, sir: what did this gentleman to her?

POMPEY.

I beseech you, sir, look in this gentleman's face.—Good Master

Froth, look upon his honour; 'tis for a good purpose.—Doth your

honour mark his face?

ESCALUS.

Ay, sir, very well.

POMPEY.

Nay, I beseech you, mark it well.

ESCALUS.

Well, I do so.

POMPEY.

Doth your honour see any harm in his face?

ESCALUS.

Why, no.

POMPEY.

I'll be supposed upon a book his face is the worst thing about

him. Good then; if his face be the worst thing about him, how

could Master Froth do the constable's wife any harm? I would

know that of your honour.

ESCALUS.

He's in the right. Constable, what say you to it?

ELBOW.

First, an it like you, the house is a respected house; next, this

is a respected fellow; and his mistress is a respected woman.

POMPEY.

By this hand, sir, his wife is a more respected person than any

of us all.

ELBOW.

Varlet, thou liest; thou liest, wicked varlet: the time is yet to

come that she was ever respected with man, woman, or child.

POMPEY.

Sir, she was respected with him before he married with her.

ESCALUS.

Which is the wiser here, Justice or Iniquity?—is this true?

ELBOW.

O thou caitiff! O thou varlet! O thou wicked Hannibal! I

respected with her before I was married to her? If ever I was

respected with her, or she with me, let not your worship think

me the poor duke's officer.—Prove this, thou wicked Hannibal,

or I'll have mine action of battery on thee.

ESCALUS.

If he took you a box o' th' ear, you might have your action of

slander too.

ELBOW.

Marry, I thank your good worship for it. What is't your worship's

pleasure I should do with this wicked caitiff?

ESCALUS.

Truly, officer, because he hath some offences in him that thou

wouldst discover if thou couldst, let him continue in his courses

till thou knowest what they are.

ELBOW.

Marry, I thank your worship for it.—Thou seest, thou wicked

varlet, now, what's come upon thee; thou art to continue now, thou

varlet; thou art to continue.

ESCALUS.

[To FROTH.] Where were you born, friend?

FROTH.

Here in Vienna, sir.

ESCALUS.

Are you of fourscore pounds a-year?

FROTH.

Yes, an't please you, sir.

ESCALUS.

So.—[To the POMPEY.] What trade are you of, sir?

POMPEY.

A tapster; a poor widow's tapster.

ESCALUS.

Your mistress' name?

POMPEY.

Mistress Overdone.

ESCALUS.

Hath she had any more than one husband?

POMPEY.

Nine, sir; Overdone by the last.

ESCALUS.

Nine!—Come hither to me, Master Froth. Master Froth, I would not

have you acquainted with tapsters: they will draw you, Master

Froth, and you will hang them. Get you gone, and let me hear no

more of you.

FROTH.

I thank your worship. For mine own part, I never come into any

room in a taphouse but I am drawn in.

ESCALUS.

Well, no more of it, Master Froth: farewell.

[Exit FROTH.]

—Come you hither to me, master tapster; what's your name, master

tapster?

POMPEY.

Pompey.

ESCALUS.

What else?

POMPEY.

Bum, sir.

ESCALUS.

'Troth, and your bum is the greatest thing about you; so that, in

the beastliest sense, you are Pompey the great. Pompey, you are

partly a bawd, Pompey, howsoever you colour it in being a tapster.

Are you not? come, tell me true; it shall be the better for you.

POMPEY.

Truly, sir, I am a poor fellow that would live.

ESCALUS.

How would you live, Pompey? by being a bawd? What do you think of

the trade, Pompey? is it a lawful trade?

POMPEY.

If the law would allow it, sir.

ESCALUS.

But the law will not allow it, Pompey: nor it shall not be

allowed in Vienna.

POMPEY.

Does your worship mean to geld and splay all the youth of the

city?

ESCALUS.

No, Pompey.

POMPEY.

Truly, sir, in my poor opinion, they will to't then. If your

worship will take order for the drabs and the knaves, you need

not to fear the bawds.

ESCALUS.

There is pretty orders beginning, I can tell you. It is but

heading and hanging.

POMPEY.

If you head and hang all that offend that way but for ten year

together, you'll be glad to give out a commission for more heads.

If this law hold in Vienna ten year, I'll rent the fairest house

in it, after threepence a bay. If you live to see this come to

pass, say Pompey told you so.

ESCALUS.

Thank you, good Pompey; and, in requital of your prophecy, hark

you,—I advise you, let me not find you before me again upon any

complaint whatsoever, no, not for dwelling where you do; if I do,

Pompey, I shall beat you to your tent, and prove a shrewd Caesar

to you; in plain dealing, Pompey, I shall have you whipt: so for

this time, Pompey, fare you well.

POMPEY.

I thank your worship for your good counsel; but I shall follow it

as the flesh and fortune shall better determine.

Whip me? No, no; let carman whip his jade;

The valiant heart's not whipt out of his trade.

[Exit.]

ESCALUS.

Come hither to me, Master Elbow; come hither, Master Constable.

How long have you been in this place of constable?

ELBOW.

Seven year and a half, sir.

ESCALUS.

I thought, by the readiness in the office, you had continued in

it some time.

You say seven years together?

ELBOW.

And a half, sir.

ESCALUS.

Alas, it hath been great pains to you!—They do you wrong to put

you so oft upon't. Are there not men in your ward sufficient to

serve it?

ELBOW.

Faith, sir, few of any wit in such matters: as they are chosen,

they are glad to choose me for them; I do it for some piece of

money, and go through with all.

ESCALUS.

Look you, bring me in the names of some six or seven, the most

sufficient of your parish.

ELBOW.

To your worship's house, sir?

ESCALUS.

To my house. Fare you well.

[Exit ELBOW.]

What's o'clock, think you?

JUSTICE.

Eleven, sir.

ESCALUS.

I pray you home to dinner with me.

JUSTICE.

I humbly thank you.

ESCALUS.

It grieves me for the death of Claudio;

But there's no remedy.

JUSTICE.

Lord Angelo is severe.

ESCALUS.

It is but needful:

Mercy is not itself that oft looks so;

Pardon is still the nurse of second woe:

But yet,—Poor Claudio!—There's no remedy.

Come, sir.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. Another room in the same.

[Enter PROVOST and a SERVANT.]

SERVANT.

He's hearing of a cause; he will come straight.

I'll tell him of you.

PROVOST.

Pray you do.

[Exit Servant.]

I'll know

His pleasure; may be he will relent. Alas,

He hath but as offended in a dream!

All sects, all ages, smack of this vice; and he

To die for it!

[Enter ANGELO.]

ANGELO.

Now, what's the matter, provost?

PROVOST.

Is it your will Claudio shall die to-morrow?

ANGELO.

Did not I tell thee yea? hadst thou not order?

Why dost thou ask again?

PROVOST.

Lest I might be too rash:

Under your good correction, I have seen

When, after execution, judgment hath

Repented o'er his doom.

ANGELO.

Go to; let that be mine:

Do you your office, or give up your place,

And you shall well be spared.

PROVOST.

I crave your honour's pardon:

What shall be done, sir, with the groaning Juliet?

She's very near her hour.

ANGELO.

Dispose of her

To some more fitter place; and that with speed.

[Re-enter Servant.]

SERVANT.

Here is the sister of the man condemned

Desires access to you.

ANGELO.

Hath he a sister?

PROVOST.

Ay, my good lord; a very virtuous maid,

And to be shortly of a sisterhood,

If not already.

ANGELO.

Well, let her be admitted.

[Exit Servant.]

See you the fornicatress be remov'd;

Let her have needful but not lavish means;

There shall be order for it.

[Enter Lucio and ISABELLA.]

PROVOST.

[Offering to retire.] Save your honour!

ANGELO.

Stay a little while.— [To ISABELLA.] You are welcome. What's

your will?

ISABELLA.

I am a woeful suitor to your honour,

Please but your honour hear me.

ANGELO.

Well; what's your suit?

ISABELLA.

There is a vice that most I do abhor,

And most desire should meet the blow of justice;

For which I would not plead, but that I must;

For which I must not plead, but that I am

At war 'twixt will and will not.

ANGELO.

Well; the matter?

ISABELLA.

I have a brother is condemn'd to die;

I do beseech you, let it be his fault,

And not my brother.

PROVOST.

Heaven give thee moving graces.

ANGELO.

Condemn the fault and not the actor of it!

Why, every fault's condemn'd ere it be done;

Mine were the very cipher of a function,

To find the faults whose fine stands in record,

And let go by the actor.

ISABELLA.

O just but severe law!

I had a brother, then.—Heaven keep your honour!

[Retiring.]

LUCIO.

[To ISABELLA.] Give't not o'er so: to him again, entreat him;

Kneel down before him, hang upon his gown;

You are too cold: if you should need a pin,

You could not with more tame a tongue desire it:

To him, I say.

ISABELLA.

Must he needs die?

ANGELO.

Maiden, no remedy.

ISABELLA.

Yes; I do think that you might pardon him,

And neither heaven nor man grieve at the mercy.

ANGELO.

I will not do't.

ISABELLA.

But can you, if you would?

ANGELO.

Look, what I will not, that I cannot do.

ISABELLA.

But might you do't, and do the world no wrong,

If so your heart were touch'd with that remorse

As mine is to him?

ANGELO.

He's sentenc'd; 'tis too late.

LUCIO.

[To ISABELLA.] You are too cold.

ISABELLA.

Too late? Why, no; I, that do speak a word,

May call it back again. Well, believe this,

No ceremony that to great ones 'longs,

Not the king's crown nor the deputed sword,

The marshal's truncheon nor the judge's robe,

Become them with one half so good a grace

As mercy does.

If he had been as you, and you as he,

You would have slipp'd like him;

But he, like you, would not have been so stern.

ANGELO.

Pray you, be gone.

ISABELLA.

I would to heaven I had your potency,

And you were Isabel! should it then be thus?

No; I would tell what 'twere to be a judge

And what a prisoner.

LUCIO.

[Aside.] Ay, touch him; there's the vein.

ANGELO.

Your brother is a forfeit of the law,

And you but waste your words.

ISABELLA.

Alas! alas!

Why, all the souls that were were forfeit once;

And He that might the vantage best have took

Found out the remedy. How would you be

If He, which is the top of judgment, should

But judge you as you are? O, think on that;

And mercy then will breathe within your lips,

Like man new made.

ANGELO.

Be you content, fair maid:

It is the law, not I, condemns your brother:

Were he my kinsman, brother, or my son,

It should be thus with him;—he must die to-morrow.

ISABELLA.

To-morrow! O, that's sudden! Spare him, spare him!

He's not prepared for death. Even for our kitchens

We kill the fowl of season: shall we serve heaven

With less respect than we do minister

To our gross selves? Good, good my lord, bethink you:

Who is it that hath died for this offence?

There's many have committed it.

LUCIO.

Ay, well said.

ANGELO.

The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept:

Those many had not dared to do that evil

If the first that did the edict infringe

Had answer'd for his deed: now 'tis awake;

Takes note of what is done; and, like a prophet,

Looks in a glass that shows what future evils,—

Either now, or by remissness new conceiv'd,

And so in progress to be hatch'd and born,—

Are now to have no successive degrees,

But, where they live, to end.

ISABELLA.

Yet show some pity.

ANGELO.

I show it most of all when I show justice;

For then I pity those I do not know,

Which a dismiss'd offence would after gall,

And do him right that, answering one foul wrong,

Lives not to act another. Be satisfied;

Your brother dies to-morrow; be content.

ISABELLA.

So you must be the first that gives this sentence;

And he that suffers. O, it is excellent

To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous

To use it like a giant.

LUCIO.

That's well said.

ISABELLA.

Could great men thunder

As Jove himself does, Jove would ne'er be quiet,

For every pelting petty officer

Would use his heaven for thunder: nothing but thunder.—

Merciful Heaven!

Thou rather, with thy sharp and sulphurous bolt,

Split'st the unwedgeable and gnarled oak

Than the soft myrtle; but man, proud man!

Dress'd in a little brief authority,—

Most ignorant of what he's most assured,

His glassy essence,—like an angry ape,

Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven

As makes the angels weep; who, with our spleens,

Would all themselves laugh mortal.

LUCIO.

O, to him, to him, wench: he will relent;

He's coming; I perceive 't.

PROVOST.

Pray heaven she win him!

ISABELLA.

We cannot weigh our brother with ourself:

Great men may jest with saints: 'tis wit in them;

But, in the less, foul profanation.

LUCIO.

Thou'rt i' the right, girl; more o' that.

ISABELLA.

That in the captain's but a choleric word

Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy.

LUCIO.

Art advised o' that? more on't.

ANGELO.

Why do you put these sayings upon me?

ISABELLA.

Because authority, though it err like others,

Hath yet a kind of medicine in itself

That skins the vice o' the top. Go to your bosom;

Knock there; and ask your heart what it doth know

That's like my brother's fault: if it confess

A natural guiltiness such as is his,

Let it not sound a thought upon your tongue

Against my brother's life.

ANGELO.

She speaks, and 'tis

Such sense that my sense breeds with it.—

Fare you well.

ISABELLA.

Gentle my lord, turn back.

ANGELO.

I will bethink me:—Come again to-morrow.

ISABELLA.

Hark how I'll bribe you. Good my lord, turn back.

ANGELO.

How! bribe me?

ISABELLA.

Ay, with such gifts that heaven shall share with you.

LUCIO.

You had marr'd all else.

ISABELLA.

Not with fond sickles of the tested gold,

Or stones, whose rates are either rich or poor

As fancy values them: but with true prayers,

That shall be up at heaven, and enter there,

Ere sunrise: prayers from preserved souls,

From fasting maids, whose minds are dedicate

To nothing temporal.

ANGELO.

Well; come to me

To-morrow.

LUCIO.

[Aside to ISABELLA.] Go to; 'tis well; away.

ISABELLA.

Heaven keep your honour safe!

ANGELO.

[Aside.] Amen: for I

Am that way going to temptation,

Where prayers cross.

ISABELLA.

At what hour to-morrow

Shall I attend your lordship?

ANGELO.

At any time 'fore noon.

ISABELLA.

Save your honour!

[Exeunt LUCIO, ISABELLA, PROVOST.]

ANGELO.

From thee; even from thy virtue!—

What's this, what's this? Is this her fault or mine?

The tempter or the tempted, who sins most? Ha!

Not she; nor doth she tempt; but it is I

That, lying by the violet, in the sun

Do, as the carrion does, not as the flower,

Corrupt with virtuous season. Can it be

That modesty may more betray our sense

Than woman's lightness? Having waste ground enough,

Shall we desire to raze the sanctuary,

And pitch our evils there? O, fie, fie, fie!

What dost thou? or what art thou, Angelo?

Dost thou desire her foully for those things

That make her good? O, let her brother live;

Thieves for their robbery have authority

When judges steal themselves. What! do I love her,

That I desire to hear her speak again

And feast upon her eyes? What is't I dream on?

O cunning enemy, that, to catch a saint,

With saints dost bait thy hook! Most dangerous

Is that temptation that doth goad us on

To sin in loving virtue: never could the strumpet,

With all her double vigour, art, and nature,

Once stir my temper; but this virtuous maid

Subdues me quite.—Ever till now,

When men were fond, I smil'd and wonder'd how.

[Exit.]

SCENE III. A Room in a prison.

[Enter DUKE, habited like a Friar, and PROVOST.]

DUKE.

Hail to you, provost! so I think you are.

PROVOST.

I am the provost. What's your will, good friar?

DUKE.

Bound by my charity and my bless'd order,

I come to visit the afflicted spirits

Here in the prison: do me the common right

To let me see them, and to make me know

The nature of their crimes, that I may minister

To them accordingly.

PROVOST.

I would do more than that, if more were needful.

[Enter JULIET.]

Look, here comes one; a gentlewoman of mine,

Who, falling in the flaws of her own youth,

Hath blister'd her report. She is with child;

And he that got it, sentenc'd: a young man

More fit to do another such offence

Than die for this.

DUKE.

When must he die?

PROVOST.

As I do think, to-morrow.—

[To JULIET.] I have provided for you; stay awhile

And you shall be conducted.

DUKE.

Repent you, fair one, of the sin you carry?

JULIET.

I do; and bear the shame most patiently.

DUKE.

I'll teach you how you shall arraign your conscience,

And try your penitence, if it be sound

Or hollowly put on.

JULIET.

I'll gladly learn.

DUKE.

Love you the man that wrong'd you?

JULIET.

Yes, as I love the woman that wrong'd him.

DUKE.

So then, it seems, your most offenceful act

Was mutually committed.

JULIET.

Mutually.

DUKE.

Then was your sin of heavier kind than his.

JULIET.

I do confess it, and repent it, father.

DUKE.

'Tis meet so, daughter: but lest you do repent

As that the sin hath brought you to this shame,—

Which sorrow is always toward ourselves, not heaven,

Showing we would not spare heaven as we love it,

But as we stand in fear,—

JULIET.

I do repent me as it is an evil,

And take the shame with joy.

DUKE.

There rest.

Your partner, as I hear, must die to-morrow,

And I am going with instruction to him.—

Grace go with you!

DUKE.

Benedicite!

[Exit.]

JULIET.

Must die to-morrow! O, injurious law,

That respites me a life whose very comfort

Is still a dying horror!

PROVOST.

'Tis pity of him.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. A Room in ANGELO'S house.

[Enter ANGELO.]

ANGELO.

When I would pray and think, I think and pray

To several subjects. Heaven hath my empty words;

Whilst my invention, hearing not my tongue,

Anchors on Isabel: Heaven in my mouth,

As if I did but only chew his name;

And in my heart the strong and swelling evil

Of my conception. The state whereon I studied

Is, like a good thing, being often read,

Grown sear'd and tedious; yea, my gravity,

Wherein—let no man hear me—I take pride,

Could I with boot change for an idle plume,

Which the air beats for vain. O place! O form!

How often dost thou with thy case, thy habit,

Wrench awe from fools, and tie the wiser souls

To thy false seeming! Blood, thou art blood:

Let's write good angel on the devil's horn,

'Tis not the devil's crest.

[Enter Servant.]

How now, who's there?

SERVANT.

One Isabel, a sister, desires access to you.

ANGELO.

Teach her the way.

[Exit SERVANT.]

O heavens!

Why does my blood thus muster to my heart,

Making both it unable for itself

And dispossessing all the other parts

Of necessary fitness?

So play the foolish throngs with one that swoons;

Come all to help him, and so stop the air

By which he should revive: and even so

The general, subject to a well-wished king

Quit their own part, and in obsequious fondness

Crowd to his presence, where their untaught love

Must needs appear offence.

[Enter ISABELLA.]

How now, fair maid?

ISABELLA.

I am come to know your pleasure.

ANGELO.

That you might know it, would much better please me

Than to demand what 'tis. Your brother cannot live.

ISABELLA.

Even so?—Heaven keep your honour!

[Retiring.]

ANGELO.

Yet may he live awhile: and, it may be,

As long as you or I: yet he must die.

ISABELLA.

Under your sentence?

ANGELO.

Yea.

ISABELLA.

When? I beseech you? that in his reprieve,

Longer or shorter, he may be so fitted

That his soul sicken not.

ANGELO.

Ha! Fie, these filthy vices! It were as good

To pardon him that hath from nature stolen

A man already made, as to remit

Their saucy sweetness that do coin heaven's image

In stamps that are forbid; 'tis all as easy

Falsely to take away a life true made

As to put metal in restrained means

To make a false one.

ISABELLA.

'Tis set down so in heaven, but not in earth.

ANGELO.

Say you so? then I shall pose you quickly.

Which had you rather,—that the most just law

Now took your brother's life; or, to redeem him,

Give up your body to such sweet uncleanness

As she that he hath stain'd?

ISABELLA.

Sir, believe this,

I had rather give my body than my soul.

ANGELO.

I talk not of your soul; our compell'd sins

Stand more for number than for accompt.

ISABELLA.

How say you?

ANGELO.

Nay, I'll not warrant that; for I can speak

Against the thing I say. Answer to this;—

I, now the voice of the recorded law,

Pronounce a sentence on your brother's life:

Might there not be a charity in sin,

To save this brother's life?

ISABELLA.

Please you to do't,

I'll take it as a peril to my soul

It is no sin at all, but charity.

ANGELO.

Pleas'd you to do't at peril of your soul,

Were equal poise of sin and charity.

ISABELLA.

That I do beg his life, if it be sin,

Heaven let me bear it! You granting of my suit,

If that be sin, I'll make it my morn prayer

To have it added to the faults of mine,

And nothing of your answer.

ANGELO.

Nay, but hear me:

Your sense pursues not mine: either you are ignorant

Or seem so, craftily; and that's not good.

ISABELLA.

Let me be ignorant, and in nothing good

But graciously to know I am no better.

ANGELO.

Thus wisdom wishes to appear most bright

When it doth tax itself: as these black masks

Proclaim an enshielded beauty ten times louder

Than beauty could, displayed.—But mark me;

To be received plain, I'll speak more gross:

Your brother is to die.

ISABELLA.

So.

ANGELO.

And his offence is so, as it appears,

Accountant to the law upon that pain.

ISABELLA.

True.

ANGELO.

Admit no other way to save his life,—

As I subscribe not that, nor any other,

But, in the loss of question,—that you, his sister,

Finding yourself desir'd of such a person,

Whose credit with the judge, or own great place,

Could fetch your brother from the manacles

Of the all-binding law; and that there were

No earthly mean to save him but that either

You must lay down the treasures of your body

To this suppos'd, or else to let him suffer;

What would you do?

ISABELLA.

As much for my poor brother as myself:

That is, were I under the terms of death,

The impression of keen whips I'd wear as rubies,

And strip myself to death, as to a bed

That longing have been sick for, ere I'd yield

My body up to shame.

ANGELO.

Then must your brother die.

ISABELLA.

And 'twere the cheaper way:

Better it were a brother died at once

Than that a sister, by redeeming him,

Should die for ever.

ANGELO.

Were not you, then, as cruel as the sentence

That you have slandered so?

ISABELLA.

Ignominy in ransom and free pardon

Are of two houses; lawful mercy

Is nothing kin to foul redemption.

ANGELO.

You seem'd of late to make the law a tyrant;

And rather prov'd the sliding of your brother

A merriment than a vice.

ISABELLA.

O, pardon me, my lord! It oft falls out,

To have what we would have, we speak not what we mean:

I something do excuse the thing I hate

For his advantage that I dearly love.

ANGELO.

We are all frail.

ISABELLA.

Else let my brother die,

If not a feodary, but only he,

Owe, and succeed by weakness.

ANGELO.

Nay, women are frail too.

ISABELLA.

Ay, as the glasses where they view themselves;

Which are as easy broke as they make forms.

Women! Help heaven! men their creation mar

In profiting by them. Nay, call us ten times frail;

For we are soft as our complexions are,

And credulous to false prints.

ANGELO.

I think it well:

And from this testimony of your own sex,—

Since, I suppose, we are made to be no stronger

Than faults may shake our frames,—let me be bold;—

I do arrest your words. Be that you are,

That is, a woman; if you be more, you're none;

If you be one,—as you are well express'd

By all external warrants,—show it now

By putting on the destin'd livery.

ISABELLA.

I have no tongue but one: gentle, my lord,

Let me intreat you, speak the former language.

ANGELO.

Plainly conceive, I love you.

ISABELLA.

My brother did love Juliet; and you tell me

That he shall die for it.

ANGELO.

He shall not, Isabel, if you give me love.

ISABELLA.

I know your virtue hath a license in't,

Which seems a little fouler than it is,

To pluck on others.

ANGELO.

Believe me, on mine honour,

My words express my purpose.

ISABELLA.

Ha! little honour to be much believed,

And most pernicious purpose!—Seeming, seeming!—

I will proclaim thee, Angelo; look for't:

Sign me a present pardon for my brother

Or, with an outstretch'd throat, I'll tell the world

Aloud what man thou art.

ANGELO.

Who will believe thee, Isabel?

My unsoil'd name, th' austereness of my life,

My vouch against you, and my place i' the state,

Will so your accusation overweigh

That you shall stifle in your own report,

And smell of calumny. I have begun,

And now I give my sensual race the rein:

Fit thy consent to my sharp appetite;

Lay by all nicety and prolixious blushes

That banish what they sue for: redeem thy brother

By yielding up thy body to my will;

Or else he must not only die the death,

But thy unkindness shall his death draw out

To lingering sufferance: answer me to-morrow,

Or, by the affection that now guides me most,

I'll prove a tyrant to him. As for you,

Say what you can, my false o'erweighs your true.

[Exit.]

ISABELLA.

To whom should I complain? Did tell this,

Who would believe me? O perilous mouths

That bear in them one and the self-same tongue

Either of condemnation or approof!

Bidding the law make court'sy to their will;

Hooking both right and wrong to the appetite,

To follow as it draws! I'll to my brother:

Though he hath fallen by prompture of the blood,

Yet hath he in him such a mind of honour

That, had he twenty heads to tender down

On twenty bloody blocks, he'd yield them up

Before his sister should her body stoop

To such abhorr'd pollution.

Then, Isabel, live chaste, and, brother, die:

More than our brother is our chastity.

I'll tell him yet of Angelo's request,

And fit his mind to death, for his soul's rest.

[Exit.]

ACT III.

SCENE I. A Room in the prison.

[Enter DUKE, CLAUDIO, and PROVOST.]

DUKE.

So, then you hope of pardon from Lord Angelo?

CLAUDIO.

The miserable have no other medicine

But only hope:

I have hope to live, and am prepar'd to die.

DUKE.

Be absolute for death; either death or life

Shall thereby be the sweeter. Reason thus with life,—

If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing

That none but fools would keep: a breath thou art,

Servile to all the skiey influences,

That dost this habitation, where thou keep'st

Hourly afflict; mere'y, thou art death's fool;

For him thou labour'st by thy flight to shun,

And yet runn'st toward him still. Thou art not noble;

For all the accommodations that thou bear'st

Are nurs'd by baseness. Thou art by no means valiant;

For thou dost fear the soft and tender fork

Of a poor worm. Thy best of rest is sleep,

And that thou oft provok'st; yet grossly fear'st

Thy death, which is no more. Thou art not thyself:

For thou exist'st on many a thousand grains

That issue out of dust. Happy thou art not;

For what thou hast not, still thou striv'st to get;

And what thou hast, forgett'st. Thou art not certain;

For thy complexion shifts to strange effects,

After the moon. If thou art rich, thou art poor;

For, like an ass whose back with ingots bows,

Thou bear'st thy heavy riches but a journey,

And death unloads thee. Friend hast thou none;

For thine own bowels, which do call thee sire,

The mere effusion of thy proper loins,

Do curse the gout, serpigo, and the rheum,

For ending thee no sooner. Thou hast nor youth nor age,

But, as it were, an after-dinner's sleep,

Dreaming on both: for all thy blessed youth

Becomes as aged, and doth beg the alms

Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich

Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, nor beauty,

To make thy riches pleasant. What's yet in this

That bears the name of life? Yet in this life

Lie hid more thousand deaths: yet death we fear,

That makes these odds all even.

CLAUDIO.

I humbly thank you.

To sue to live, I find I seek to die;

And, seeking death, find life. Let it come on.

ISABELLA.

[Within.] What, ho! Peace here; grace and good company!

PROVOST.

Who's there? come in: the wish deserves a welcome.

DUKE.

Dear sir, ere long I'll visit you again.

CLAUDIO.

Most holy sir, I thank you.

[Enter ISABELLA.]

ISABELLA.

My business is a word or two with Claudio.

PROVOST.

And very welcome. Look, signior, here's your sister.

DUKE.

Provost, a word with you.

PROVOST.

As many as you please.

DUKE.

Bring me to hear them speak, where I may be conceal'd.

[Exeunt DUKE and PROVOST.]

CLAUDIO.

Now, sister, what's the comfort?

ISABELLA.

Why,

As all comforts are; most good, most good, in deed:

Lord Angelo, having affairs to heaven,

Intends you for his swift ambassador,

Where you shall be an everlasting leiger:

Therefore, your best appointment make with speed;

To-morrow you set on.

CLAUDIO.

Is there no remedy?

ISABELLA.

None, but such remedy as, to save a head,

To cleave a heart in twain.

CLAUDIO.

But is there any?

ISABELLA.

Yes, brother, you may live:

There is a devilish mercy in the judge,

If you'll implore it, that will free your life,

But fetter you till death.

CLAUDIO.

Perpetual durance?

ISABELLA.

Ay, just; perpetual durance; a restraint,

Though all the world's vastidity you had,

To a determin'd scope.

CLAUDIO.

But in what nature?

ISABELLA.

In such a one as, you consenting to't,

Would bark your honour from that trunk you bear,

And leave you naked.

CLAUDIO.

Let me know the point.

ISABELLA.

O, I do fear thee, Claudio; and I quake,

Lest thou a feverous life shouldst entertain,

And six or seven winters more respect

Than a perpetual honour. Dar'st thou die?

The sense of death is most in apprehension;

And the poor beetle that we tread upon

In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great

As when a giant dies.

CLAUDIO.

Why give you me this shame?

Think you I can a resolution fetch

From flowery tenderness? If I must die,

I will encounter darkness as a bride

And hug it in mine arms.

ISABELLA.

There spake my brother; there my father's grave

Did utter forth a voice! Yes, thou must die:

Thou art too noble to conserve a life

In base appliances. This outward-sainted deputy,—

Whose settled visage and deliberate word

Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew

As falcon doth the fowl,—is yet a devil;

His filth within being cast, he would appear

A pond as deep as hell.

CLAUDIO.

The precise Angelo?

ISABELLA.

O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell

The damned'st body to invest and cover

In precise guards! Dost thou think, Claudio,

If I would yield him my virginity

Thou mightst be freed?

CLAUDIO.

O heavens! it cannot be.

ISABELLA.

Yes, he would give it thee, from this rank offence,

So to offend him still. This night's the time

That I should do what I abhor to name,

Or else thou diest to-morrow.

CLAUDIO.

Thou shalt not do't.

ISABELLA.

O, were it but my life,

I'd throw it down for your deliverance

As frankly as a pin.

CLAUDIO.

Thanks, dear Isabel.

ISABELLA.

Be ready, Claudio, for your death to-morrow.

CLAUDIO.

Yes.—Has he affections in him

That thus can make him bite the law by the nose

When he would force it? Sure it is no sin;

Or of the deadly seven it is the least.

ISABELLA.

Which is the least?

CLAUDIO.

If it were damnable, he, being so wise,

Why would he for the momentary trick

Be perdurably fined?—O Isabel!

ISABELLA.

What says my brother?

CLAUDIO.

Death is a fearful thing.

ISABELLA.

And shamed life a hateful.

CLAUDIO.

Ay, but to die, and go we know not where;

To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot;

This sensible warm motion to become

A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit

To bathe in fiery floods or to reside

In thrilling regions of thick-ribbed ice;

To be imprison'd in the viewless winds,

And blown with restless violence round about

The pendent world; or to be worse than worst

Of those that lawless and incertain thought

Imagine howling!—'tis too horrible!

The weariest and most loathed worldly life

That age, ache, penury, and imprisonment

Can lay on nature is a paradise

To what we fear of death.

ISABELLA.

Alas, alas!

CLAUDIO.

Sweet sister, let me live:

What sin you do to save a brother's life

Nature dispenses with the deed so far

That it becomes a virtue.

ISABELLA.

O you beast!

O faithless coward! O dishonest wretch!

Wilt thou be made a man out of my vice?

Is't not a kind of incest to take life

From thine own sister's shame? What should I think?

Heaven shield my mother play'd my father fair!

For such a warped slip of wilderness

Ne'er issued from his blood. Take my defiance:

Die; perish! might but my bending down

Reprieve thee from thy fate, it should proceed:

I'll pray a thousand prayers for thy death,—

No word to save thee.

CLAUDIO.

Nay, hear me, Isabel.

ISABELLA.

O fie, fie, fie!

Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade:

Mercy to thee would prove itself a bawd:

'Tis best that thou diest quickly.

[Going.]

CLAUDIO.

O, hear me, Isabella.

[Re-enter DUKE.]

DUKE.

Vouchsafe a word, young sister, but one word.

ISABELLA.

What is your will?

DUKE.

Might you dispense with your leisure, I would by and by have

some speech with you: the satisfaction I would require is

likewise your own benefit.

ISABELLA.

I have no superfluous leisure; my stay must be stolen out of

other affairs; but I will attend you awhile.

DUKE.

[To CLAUDIO aside.] Son, I have overheard what hath passed

between you and your sister. Angelo had never the purpose to

corrupt her; only he hath made an assay of her virtue to

practise his judgment with the disposition of natures; she,

having the truth of honour in her, hath made him that gracious

denial which he is most glad to receive: I am confessor to

Angelo, and I know this to be true; therefore prepare yourself

to death. Do not satisfy your resolution with hopes that are

fallible: to-morrow you must die; go to your knees and make ready.

CLAUDIO.

Let me ask my sister pardon. I am so out of love with life that I

will sue to be rid of it.

DUKE.

Hold you there. Farewell.

[Exit CLAUDIO.]

[Re-enter PROVOST.]

Provost, a word with you.

PROVOST.

What's your will, father?

DUKE.

That, now you are come, you will be gone. Leave me a while with

the maid; my mind promises with my habit no loss shall touch her

by my company.

PROVOST.

In good time.

[Exit PROVOST.]

DUKE.

The hand that hath made you fair hath made you good; the goodness

that is cheap in beauty makes beauty brief in goodness; but grace,

being the soul of your complexion, shall keep the body of it ever

fair. The assault that Angelo hath made to you, fortune hath

conveyed to my understanding; and, but that frailty hath examples

for his falling, I should wonder at Angelo. How will you do to

content this substitute, and to save your brother?

ISABELLA.

I am now going to resolve him; I had rather my brother die by the

law than my son should be unlawfully born. But, O, how much is the

good duke deceived in Angelo! If ever he return, and I can speak

to him, I will open my lips in vain, or discover his government.

DUKE.

That shall not be much amiss: yet, as the matter now stands, he

will avoid your accusation; he made trial of you only.—Therefore

fasten your ear on my advisings; to the love I have in doing good

a remedy presents itself. I do make myself believe that you may

most uprighteously do a poor wronged lady a merited benefit;

redeem your brother from the angry law; do no stain to your own

gracious person; and much please the absent duke, if peradventure

he shall ever return to have hearing of this business.

ISABELLA.

Let me hear you speak further; I have spirit to do anything that

appears not foul in the truth of my spirit.

DUKE.

Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. Have you not heard

speak of Mariana, the sister of Frederick, the great soldier who

miscarried at sea?

ISABELLA.

I have heard of the lady, and good words went with her name.

DUKE.

She should this Angelo have married; was affianced to her by

oath, and the nuptial appointed: between which time of the

contract and limit of the solemnity her brother Frederick was

wrecked at sea, having in that perished vessel the dowry of his

sister. But mark how heavily this befell to the poor gentlewoman:

there she lost a noble and renowned brother, in his love toward

her ever most kind and natural; with him the portion and sinew of

her fortune, her marriage-dowry; with both, her combinate husband,

this well-seeming Angelo.

ISABELLA.

Can this be so? Did Angelo so leave her?

DUKE.

Left her in her tears, and dried not one of them with his

comfort; swallowed his vows whole, pretending, in her,

discoveries of dishonour; in few, bestow'd her on her own

lamentation, which she yet wears for his sake; and he, a

marble to her tears, is washed with them, but relents not.

ISABELLA.

What a merit were it in death to take this poor maid from the

world! What corruption in this life that it will let this man

live!—But how out of this can she avail?

DUKE.

It is a rupture that you may easily heal; and the cure of it not

only saves your brother, but keeps you from dishonour in doing it.

ISABELLA.

Show me how, good father.

DUKE.

This forenamed maid hath yet in her the continuance of her first

affection; his unjust unkindness, that in all reason should have

quenched her love, hath, like an impediment in the current, made

it more violent and unruly. Go you to Angelo; answer his requiring

with a plausible obedience; agree with his demands to the point:

only refer yourself to this advantage,—first, that your stay with

him may not be long; that the time may have all shadow and silence

in it; and the place answer to convenience: this being granted in

course, and now follows all. We shall advise this wronged maid to

stead up your appointment, go in your place; if the encounter

acknowledge itself hereafter, it may compel him to her recompense:

and here, by this, is your brother saved, your honour untainted,

the poor Mariana advantaged, and the corrupt deputy scaled. The

maid will I frame and make fit for his attempt. If you think well

to carry this as you may, the doubleness of the benefit defends

the deceit from reproof. What think you of it?

ISABELLA.

The image of it gives me content already; and I trust it will

grow to a most prosperous perfection.

DUKE.

It lies much in your holding up. Haste you speedily to Angelo; if

for this night he entreat you to his bed, give him promise of

satisfaction. I will presently to Saint Luke's; there, at the

moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana. At that place call

upon me; and despatch with Angelo, that it may be quickly.

ISABELLA.

I thank you for this comfort. Fare you well, good father.

[Exeunt severally.]

SCENE II. The Street before the Prison.

[Enter DUKE, as a Friar; to him, ELBOW, POMPEY and Officers.]

ELBOW.

Nay, if there be no remedy for it, but that you will needs buy

and sell men and women like beasts, we shall have all the world

drink brown and white bastard.

DUKE.

O heavens! what stuff is here?

POMPEY.

'Twas never merry world since, of two usuries, the merriest was

put down, and the worser allowed by order of law a furred gown

to keep him warm; and furred with fox on lamb-skins too, to

signify that craft, being richer than innocency, stands for the

facing.

ELBOW.

Come your way, sir.—Bless you, good father friar.

DUKE.

And you, good brother father. What offence hath this man made

you, sir?

ELBOW.

Marry, sir, he hath offended the law; and, sir, we take him to be

a thief too, sir; for we have found upon him, sir, a strange

picklock, which we have sent to the deputy.

DUKE.

Fie, sirrah, a bawd, a wicked bawd;

The evil that thou causest to be done,

That is thy means to live. Do thou but think

What 'tis to cram a maw or clothe a back

From such a filthy vice: say to thyself—

From their abominable and beastly touches

I drink, I eat, array myself, and live.

Canst thou believe thy living is a life,

So stinkingly depending? Go mend, go mend.

POMPEY.

Indeed, it does stink in some sort, sir; but yet, sir, I would

prove—

DUKE.

Nay, if the devil have given thee proofs for sin,

Thou wilt prove his. Take him to prison, officer;

Correction and instruction must both work

Ere this rude beast will profit.

ELBOW.

He must before the deputy, sir; he has given him warning:

The deputy cannot abide a whoremaster: if he be a whoremaster,

and comes before him, he were as good go a mile on his errand.

DUKE.

That we were all, as some would seem to be,

Free from our faults, as faults from seeming free!

ELBOW.

His neck will come to your waist, a cord, sir.

POMPEY.

I spy comfort; I cry bail! Here's a gentleman, and a friend of

mine.

[Enter LUCIO.]

LUCIO.

How now, noble Pompey? What, at the wheels of Caesar! Art thou

led in triumph? What, is there none of Pygmalion's images, newly

made woman, to be had now, for putting the hand in the pocket

and extracting it clutched? What reply, ha? What say'st thou to

this tune, matter, and method? Is't not drowned i' the last rain,

ha? What say'st thou to't? Is the world as it was, man? Which

is the way? Is it sad, and few words? or how? The trick of it?

DUKE.

Still thus, and thus! still worse!

LUCIO.

How doth my dear morsel, thy mistress? Procures she still, ha?

POMPEY.

Troth, sir, she hath eaten up all her beef, and she is herself in

the tub.

LUCIO.

Why, 'tis good: it is the right of it: it must be so: ever your

fresh whore and your powdered bawd—an unshunned consequence:;

it must be so. Art going to prison, Pompey?

POMPEY.

Yes, faith, sir.

LUCIO.

Why, 'tis not amiss, Pompey. Farewell; go, say I sent thee

thither. For debt, Pompey? or how?

ELBOW.

For being a bawd, for being a bawd.

LUCIO.

Well, then, imprison him: if imprisonment be the due of a bawd,

why, 'tis his right: bawd is he doubtless, and of antiquity,

too: bawd-born. Farewell, good Pompey. Commend me to the prison,

Pompey. You will turn good husband now, Pompey; you will keep

the house.

POMPEY.

I hope, sir, your good worship will be my bail.

LUCIO.

No, indeed, will I not, Pompey; it is not the wear. I will pray,

Pompey, to increase your bondage: if you take it not patiently,

why, your mettle is the more. Adieu, trusty Pompey.—Bless you,

friar.

DUKE.

And you.

LUCIO.

Does Bridget paint still, Pompey, ha?

ELBOW.

Come your ways, sir; come.

POMPEY.

You will not bail me then, sir?

LUCIO.

Then, Pompey, nor now.—What news abroad, friar? what news?

ELBOW.

Come your ways, sir; come.

LUCIO.

Go,—to kennel, Pompey, go:

[Exeunt ELBOW, POMPEY, and Officers.]

What news, friar, of the duke?

DUKE.

I know none. Can you tell me of any?

LUCIO.

Some say he is with the Emperor of Russia; other some, he is in

Rome: but where is he, think you?

DUKE.

I know not where; but wheresoever, I wish him well.

LUCIO.

It was a mad fantastical trick of him to steal from the state and

usurp the beggary he was never born to. Lord Angelo dukes it well

in his absence; he puts transgression to't.

DUKE.

He does well in't.

LUCIO.

A little more lenity to lechery would do no harm in him:

something too crabbed that way, friar.

DUKE.

It is too general a vice, and severity must cure it.

LUCIO.

Yes, in good sooth, the vice is of a great kindred; it is well

allied: but it is impossible to extirp it quite, friar, till

eating and drinking be put down. They say this Angelo was not

made by man and woman after this downright way of creation:

is it true, think you?

DUKE.

How should he be made, then?

LUCIO.

Some report a sea-maid spawned him; some, that he was begot

between two stock-fishes.—But it is certain that when he makes

water, his urine is congealed ice; that I know to be true. And

he is a motion ungenerative; that's infallible.

DUKE.

You are pleasant, sir, and speak apace.

LUCIO.

Why, what a ruthless thing is this in him, for the rebellion of a

codpiece to take away the life of a man! Would the duke that is

absent have done this? Ere he would have hanged a man for the

getting a hundred bastards, he would have paid for the nursing a

thousand. He had some feeling of the sport; he knew the service,

and that instructed him to mercy.

DUKE.

I never heard the absent duke much detected for women; he was not

inclined that way.

LUCIO.

O, sir, you are deceived.

DUKE.

'Tis not possible.

LUCIO.

Who, not the duke? yes, your beggar of fifty;—and his use was to

put a ducat in her clack-dish: the duke had crotchets in him.

He would be drunk too: that let me inform you.

DUKE.

You do him wrong, surely.

LUCIO.

Sir, I was an inward of his. A shy fellow was the duke: and I

believe I know the cause of his withdrawing.

DUKE.

What, I pr'ythee, might be the cause?

LUCIO.

No,—pardon;—'tis a secret must be locked within the teeth and

the lips: but this I can let you understand,—the greater file of

the subject held the duke to be wise.

DUKE.

Wise? why, no question but he was.

LUCIO.

A very superficial, ignorant, unweighing fellow.

DUKE.

Either this is envy in you, folly, or mistaking; the very stream

of his life, and the business he hath helmed, must, upon a

warranted need, give him a better proclamation. Let him be but

testimonied in his own bringings forth, and he shall appear to

the envious a scholar, a statesman, and a soldier. Therefore you

speak unskilfully; or, if your knowledge be more, it is much

darkened in your malice.

LUCIO.

Sir, I know him, and I love him.

DUKE.

Love talks with better knowledge, and knowledge with dearer love.

LUCIO.

Come, sir, I know what I know.

DUKE.

I can hardly believe that, since you know not what you speak.

But, if ever the duke return,—as our prayers are he may,—

let me desire you to make your answer before him. If it be

honest you have spoke, you have courage to maintain it: I am

bound to call upon you; and, I pray you, your name?

LUCIO.

Sir, my name is Lucio; well known to the duke.

DUKE.

He shall know you better, sir, if I may live to report you.

LUCIO.

I fear you not.

DUKE.

O, you hope the duke will return no more; or you imagine me too

unhurtful an opposite. But, indeed, I can do you little harm:

you'll forswear this again.

LUCIO.

I'll be hanged first! thou art deceived in me, friar. But no

more of this. Canst thou tell if Claudio die to-morrow or no?

DUKE.

Why should he die, sir?

LUCIO.

Why? for filling a bottle with a tun-dish. I would the duke we

talk of were returned again: this ungenitured agent will

unpeople the province with continency; sparrows must not build

in his house-eaves because they are lecherous. The duke yet

would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them

to light: would he were returned! Marry, this Claudio is

condemned for untrussing. Farewell, good friar; I pr'ythee pray

for me. The duke, I say to thee again, would eat mutton on

Fridays. He's not past it; yet, and, I say to thee, he would

mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic.

Say that I said so.—Farewell.

[Exit.]

DUKE.

No might nor greatness in mortality

Can censure 'scape; back-wounding calumny

The whitest virtue strikes. What king so strong

Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue?

But who comes here?

[Enter ESCALUS, PROVOST, BAWD, and Officers.]

ESCALUS.

Go, away with her to prison.

BAWD.

Good my lord, be good to me; your honour is accounted a merciful

man; good my lord.

ESCALUS.

Double and treble admonition, and still forfeit in the same kind?

This would make mercy swear and play the tyrant.

PROVOST.

A bawd of eleven years' continuance, may it please your honour.

BAWD.

My lord, this is one Lucio's information against me: Mistress

Kate Keepdown was with child by him in the duke's time; he

promised her marriage: his child is a year and a quarter old

come Philip and Jacob; I have kept it myself; and see how he

goes about to abuse me.

ESCALUS.

That fellow is a fellow of much license:—let him be called

before us.—Away with her to prison. Go to; no more words.

[Exeunt BAWD and Officers.]

Provost, my brother Angelo will not be altered, Claudio must die

to-morrow: let him be furnished with divines, and have all

charitable preparation: if my brother wrought by my pity it

should not be so with him.

PROVOST.

So please you, this friar hath been with him, and advised him for

the entertainment of death.

ESCALUS.

Good even, good father.

DUKE.

Bliss and goodness on you!

ESCALUS.

Of whence are you?

DUKE.

Not of this country, though my chance is now

To use it for my time: I am a brother

Of gracious order, late come from the see

In special business from his holiness.

ESCALUS.

What news abroad i' the world?

DUKE.

None, but that there is so great a fever on goodness, that the

dissolution of it must cure it: novelty is only in request; and

as it is as dangerous to be aged in any kind of course as it is

virtuous to be constant in any undertaking. There is scarce truth

enough alive to make societies secure; but security enough to

make fellowships accurst: much upon this riddle runs the wisdom

of the world. This news is old enough, yet it is every day's news.

I pray you, sir, of what disposition was the duke?

ESCALUS.

One that, above all other strifes, contended especially to know

himself.

DUKE.

What pleasure was he given to?

ESCALUS.

Rather rejoicing to see another merry, than merry at anything

which professed to make him rejoice: a gentleman of all temperance.

But leave we him to his events, with a prayer they may prove

prosperous; and let me desire to know how you find Claudio

prepared. I am made to understand that you have lent him

visitation.

DUKE.

He professes to have received no sinister measure from his judge,

but most willingly humbles himself to the determination of

justice: yet had he framed to himself, by the instruction of his

frailty, many deceiving promises of life; which I, by my good

leisure, have discredited to him, and now he is resolved to die.

ESCALUS.

You have paid the heavens your function, and the prisoner the

very debt of your calling. I have laboured for the poor gentleman

to the extremest shore of my modesty; but my brother justice have

I found so severe that he hath forced me to tell him he is indeed

—justice.

DUKE.

If his own life answer the straitness of his proceeding, it shall

become him well: wherein if he chance to fail, he hath sentenced

himself.

ESCALUS.

I am going to visit the prisoner.

Fare you well.

DUKE.

Peace be with you!

[Exeunt ESCALUS and PROVOST.]

He who the sword of heaven will bear

Should be as holy as severe;

Pattern in himself to know,

Grace to stand, and virtue go;

More nor less to others paying

Than by self-offences weighing.

Shame to him whose cruel striking

Kills for faults of his own liking!

Twice treble shame on Angelo,

To weed my vice and let his grow!

O, what may man within him hide,

Though angel on the outward side!

How may likeness, made in crimes,

Make a practice on the times,

To draw with idle spiders' strings

Most pond'rous and substantial things!

Craft against vice I must apply;

With Angelo to-night shall lie

His old betrothed but despis'd;

So disguise shall, by the disguis'd,

Pay with falsehood false exacting,

And perform an old contracting.

[Exit.]

ACT IV.

SCENE I. A Room in Mariana's House.

[MARIANA discovered sitting; a Boy singing.]

SONG

Take, O, take those lips away,

That so sweetly were forsworn;

And those eyes, the break of day,

Lights that do mislead the morn:

But my kisses bring again

Bring again;

Seals of love, but seal'd in vain,

Sealed in vain.

MARIANA.

Break off thy song, and haste thee quick away;

Here comes a man of comfort, whose advice

Hath often still'd my brawling discontent.—

[Exit BOY.]

[Enter DUKE.]

I cry you mercy, sir; and well could wish

You had not found me here so musical:

Let me excuse me, and believe me so,

My mirth it much displeas'd, but pleas'd my woe.

DUKE.

'Tis good: though music oft hath such a charm

To make bad good and good provoke to harm.

I pray you ,tell me hath anybody inquired for me here to-day?

much upon this time have I promised here to meet.

MARIANA.

You have not been inquired after: I have sat here all day.

[Enter ISABELLA.]

DUKE.

I do constantly believe you.—The time is come even now. I shall

crave your forbearance a little: may be I will call upon you anon,

for some advantage to yourself.

MARIANA.

I am always bound to you.

[Exit.]

DUKE.

Very well met, and welcome.

What is the news from this good deputy?

ISABELLA.

He hath a garden circummur'd with brick,

Whose western side is with a vineyard back'd;

And to that vineyard is a planched gate

That makes his opening with this bigger key:

This other doth command a little door

Which from the vineyard to the garden leads;

There have I made my promise to call on him

Upon the heavy middle of the night.

DUKE.

But shall you on your knowledge find this way?

ISABELLA.

I have ta'en a due and wary note upon't;

With whispering and most guilty diligence,

In action all of precept, he did show me

The way twice o'er.

DUKE.

Are there no other tokens

Between you 'greed concerning her observance?

ISABELLA.

No, none, but only a repair i' the dark;

And that I have possess'd him my most stay

Can be but brief: for I have made him know

I have a servant comes with me along,

That stays upon me; whose persuasion is

I come about my brother.

DUKE.

'Tis well borne up.

I have not yet made known to Mariana

A word of this.—What ho, within! come forth.

[Re-enter MARIANA.]

I pray you be acquainted with this maid;

She comes to do you good.

ISABELLA.

I do desire the like.

DUKE.

Do you persuade yourself that I respect you?

MARIANA.

Good friar, I know you do, and have found it.

DUKE.

Take, then, this your companion by the hand,

Who hath a story ready for your ear:

I shall attend your leisure; but make haste;

The vaporous night approaches.

MARIANA.

Will't please you walk aside?

[Exeunt MARIANA and ISABELLA.]

DUKE.

O place and greatness, millions of false eyes

Are stuck upon thee! volumes of report

Run with these false, and most contrarious quest

Upon thy doings! Thousand 'scapes of wit

Make thee the father of their idle dream,

And rack thee in their fancies!—Welcome! how agreed?

[Re-enter MARIANA and ISABELLA.]

ISABELLA.

She'll take the enterprise upon her, father,

If you advise it.

DUKE.

It is not my consent,

But my entreaty too.

ISABELLA.

Little have you to say,

When you depart from him, but, soft and low,

'Remember now my brother.'

MARIANA.

Fear me not.

DUKE.

Nor, gentle daughter, fear you not at all;

He is your husband on a pre-contract:

To bring you thus together 'tis no sin,

Sith that the justice of your title to him

Doth flourish the deceit. Come, let us go;

Our corn's to reap, for yet our tithe's to sow.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. A Room in the prison.

[Enter PROVOST and POMPEY.]

PROVOST.

Come hither, sirrah. Can you cut off a man's head?

POMPEY.

If the man be a bachelor, sir, I can: but if he be a married man,

he's his wife's head, and I can never cut off a woman's head.

PROVOST.

Come, sir, leave me your snatches and yield me a direct answer.

To-morrow morning are to die Claudio and Barnardine. Here is in

our prison a common executioner, who in his office lacks a helper;

if you will take it on you to assist him, it shall redeem you from

your gyves; if not, you shall have your full time of imprisonment,

and your deliverance with an unpitied whipping; for you have been

a notorious bawd.

POMPEY.

Sir, I have been an unlawful bawd time out of mind; but yet I

will be content to be a lawful hangman. I would be glad to receive

some instruction from my fellow-partner.

PROVOST.

What ho, Abhorson! Where's Abhorson, there?

[Enter ABHORSON.]

ABHORSON.

Do you call, sir?

PROVOST.

Sirrah, here's a fellow will help you to-morrow in your

execution. If you think it meet, compound with him by the year,

and let him abide here with you; if not, use him for the

present, and dismiss him. He cannot plead his estimation with

you; he hath been a bawd.

ABHORSON.

A bawd, sir? Fie upon him; he will discredit our mystery.

PROVOST.

Go to, sir; you weigh equally; a feather will turn the scale.

[Exit.]

POMPEY.

Pray, sir, by your good favour,—for, surely, sir, a good favour

you have, but that you have a hanging look,—do you call, sir,

your occupation a mystery?

ABHORSON.

Ay, sir; a mystery.

POMPEY.

Painting, sir, I have heard say, is a mystery; and your whores,

sir, being members of my occupation, using painting, do prove

my occupation a mystery: but what mystery there should be in

hanging, if I should be hanged, I cannot imagine.

ABHORSON.

Sir, it is a mystery.

POMPEY.

Proof.

ABHORSON.

Every true man's apparel fits your thief: if it be too little for

your thief, your true man thinks it big enough; if it be too big

for your thief, your thief thinks it little enough; so every true

man's apparel fits your thief.

[Re-enter PROVOST.]

PROVOST.

Are you agreed?

POMPEY.

Sir, I will serve him; for I do find your hangman is a more

penitent trade than your bawd; he doth oftener ask forgiveness.

PROVOST.

You, sirrah, provide your block and your axe to-morrow four

o'clock.

ABHORSON.

Come on, bawd; I will instruct thee in my trade; follow.

POMPEY.

I do desire to learn, sir; and I hope, if you have occasion to

use me for your own turn, you shall find me yare; for truly,

sir, for your kindness I owe you a good turn.

PROVOST.

Call hither Barnardine and Claudio.

[Exeunt POMPEY and ABHORSON.]

One has my pity; not a jot the other,

Being a murderer, though he were my brother.

[Enter CLAUDIO.]

Look, here's the warrant, Claudio, for thy death:

'Tis now dead midnight, and by eight to-morrow

Thou must be made immortal. Where's Barnardine?

CLAUDIO.

As fast lock'd up in sleep as guiltless labour

When it lies starkly in the traveller's bones:

He will not wake.

PROVOST.

Who can do good on him?

Well, go, prepare yourself. But hark, what noise?

[Knocking within.]

Heaven give your spirits comfort!

[Exit CLAUDIO.]

By and by!—

I hope it is some pardon or reprieve

For the most gentle Claudio.—Welcome, father.

[Enter DUKE.]

DUKE.

The best and wholesom'st spirits of the night

Envelop you, good provost! Who call'd here of late?

PROVOST.

None, since the curfew rung.

DUKE.

Not Isabel?

PROVOST.

No.

DUKE.

They will then, ere't be long.

PROVOST.

What comfort is for Claudio?

DUKE.

There's some in hope.

PROVOST.

It is a bitter deputy.

DUKE.

Not so, not so: his life is parallel'd

Even with the stroke and line of his great justice;

He doth with holy abstinence subdue

That in himself which he spurs on his power

To qualify in others: were he meal'd

With that which he corrects, then were he tyrannous;

But this being so, he's just.—Now are they come.

[Knocking within—PROVOST goes out.]

This is a gentle provost: seldom when

The steeled gaoler is the friend of men.—

How now? what noise? That spirit's possess'd with haste

That wounds the unsisting postern with these strokes.

[PROVOST returns, speaking to one at the door.]

PROVOST.

There he must stay until the officer

Arise to let him in; he is call'd up.

DUKE.

Have you no countermand for Claudio yet,

But he must die to-morrow?

PROVOST.

None, sir, none.

DUKE.

As near the dawning, Provost, as it is,

You shall hear more ere morning.

PROVOST.

Happily

You something know; yet I believe there comes

No countermand; no such example have we:

Besides, upon the very siege of justice,

Lord Angelo hath to the public ear

Profess'd the contrary.

[Enter a Messenger.]

DUKE.

This is his lordship's man.

DUKE.

And here comes Claudio's pardon.

MESSENGER.

My lord hath sent you this note; and by me this further charge,

that you swerve not from the smallest article of it, neither in

time, matter, or other circumstance. Good morrow; for as I take

it, it is almost day.

PROVOST.

I shall obey him.

[Exit Messenger.]

DUKE.

[Aside.] This is his pardon, purchas'd by such sin,

For which the pardoner himself is in:

Hence hath offence his quick celerity,

When it is borne in high authority:

When vice makes mercy, mercy's so extended

That for the fault's love is the offender friended.—

Now, sir, what news?

PROVOST.

I told you: Lord Angelo, belike thinking me remiss in mine

office, awakens me with this unwonted putting-on; methinks

strangely, for he hath not used it before.

DUKE.

Pray you, let's hear.

PROVOST.

[Reads.] 'Whatsoever you may hear to the contrary, let Claudio be

executed by four of the clock; and, in the afternoon, Barnardine:

for my better satisfaction, let me have Claudio's head sent me by

five. Let this be duly performed; with a thought that more

depends on it than we must yet deliver. Thus fail not to do your

office, as you will answer it at your peril.'

What say you to this, sir?

DUKE.

What is that Barnardine who is to be executed in the afternoon?

PROVOST.

A Bohemian born; but here nursed up and bred: one that is a

prisoner nine years old.

DUKE.

How came it that the absent duke had not either delivered him to

his liberty or executed him? I have heard it was ever his manner

to do so.

PROVOST.

His friends still wrought reprieves for him; and, indeed, his

fact, till now in the government of Lord Angelo, came not to an

undoubtful proof.

DUKE.

It is now apparent?

PROVOST.

Most manifest, and not denied by himself.

DUKE.

Hath he borne himself penitently in prison? How seems he to be

touched?

PROVOST.

A man that apprehends death no more dreadfully but as a drunken

sleep; careless, reckless, and fearless, of what's past, present,

or to come; insensible of mortality and desperately mortal.

DUKE.

He wants advice.

PROVOST.

He will hear none; he hath evermore had the liberty of the

prison; give him leave to escape hence, he would not: drunk many

times a-day, if not many days entirely drunk. We have very oft

awaked him, as if to carry him to execution, and showed him a

seeming warrant for it: it hath not moved him at all.

DUKE.

More of him anon. There is written in your brow, Provost, honesty

and constancy: if I read it not truly, my ancient skill beguiles me;

but in the boldness of my cunning I will lay myself in hazard.

Claudio, whom here you have warrant to execute, is no greater

forfeit to the law than Angelo who hath sentenced him. To make you

understand this in a manifested effect, I crave but four days'

respite; for the which you are to do me both a present and a

dangerous courtesy.

PROVOST.

Pray, sir, in what?

DUKE.

In the delaying death.

PROVOST.

Alack! How may I do it? having the hour limited; and an express

command, under penalty, to deliver his head in the view of Angelo?

I may make my case as Claudio's, to cross this in the smallest.

DUKE.

By the vow of mine order, I warrant you, if my instructions may

be your guide. Let this Barnardine be this morning executed,

and his head borne to Angelo.

PROVOST.

Angelo hath seen them both, and will discover the favour.

DUKE.

O, death's a great disguiser: and you may add to it. Shave the

head and tie the beard; and say it was the desire of the penitent

to be so bared before his death. You know the course is common.

If anything fall to you upon this, more than thanks and good

fortune, by the saint whom I profess, I will plead against it with

my life.

PROVOST.

Pardon me, good father; it is against my oath.

DUKE.

Were you sworn to the duke, or to the deputy?

PROVOST.

To him and to his substitutes.

DUKE.

You will think you have made no offence if the duke avouch the

justice of your dealing?

PROVOST.

But what likelihood is in that?

DUKE.

Not a resemblance, but a certainty. Yet since I see you fearful,

that neither my coat, integrity, nor persuasion, can with ease

attempt you, I will go further than I meant, to pluck all fears

out of you. Look you, sir, here is the hand and seal of the duke.

You know the character, I doubt not; and the signet is not

strange to you.

PROVOST.

I know them both.

DUKE.

The contents of this is the return of the duke; you shall anon

over-read it at your pleasure, where you shall find within these

two days he will be here. This is a thing that Angelo knows not:

for he this very day receives letters of strange tenour: perchance

of the duke's death; perchance entering into some monastery; but,

by chance, nothing of what is writ. Look, the unfolding star calls

up the shepherd. Put not yourself into amazement how these things

should be: all difficulties are but easy when they are known. Call

your executioner, and off with Barnardine's head: I will give him

a present shrift, and advise him for a better place. Yet you are

amazed: but this shall absolutely resolve you. Come away; it is

almost clear dawn.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE III. Another Room in the same.

[Enter POMPEY.]

POMPEY.

I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house of profession:

one would think it were Mistress Overdone's own house, for here

be many of her old customers. First, here's young Master Rash;

he's in for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger, nine score

and seventeen pounds; of which he made five marks ready money:

marry, then ginger was not much in request, for the old women

were all dead. Then is there here one Master Caper, at the suit

of Master Threepile the mercer, for some four suits of peach-

coloured satin, which now peaches him a beggar. Then have we here

young Dizy, and young Master Deepvow, and Master Copperspur, and

Master Starvelackey, the rapier and dagger man, and young

Dropheir that killed lusty Pudding, and Master Forthlight the

tilter, and brave Master Shoetie the great traveller, and wild

Halfcan that stabbed Pots, and, I think, forty more; all great

doers in our trade, and are now 'for the Lord's sake.'

[Enter ABHORSON.]

ABHORSON.

Sirrah, bring Barnardine hither.

POMPEY.

Master Barnardine! You must rise and be hanged, Master

Barnardine!

ABHORSON.

What ho, Barnardine!

BARNARDINE.

[Within.] A pox o' your throats! Who makes that noise there? What

are you?

POMPEY.

Your friend, sir; the hangman. You must be so good, sir, to rise

and be put to death.

BARNARDINE.

[Within.] Away, you rogue, away; I am sleepy.

ABHORSON.

Tell him he must awake, and that quickly too.

POMPEY.

Pray, Master Barnardine, awake till you are executed, and sleep

afterwards.

ABHORSON.

Go in to him, and fetch him out.

POMPEY.

He is coming, sir, he is coming; I hear his straw rustle.

[Enter BARNARDINE.]

ABHORSON.

Is the axe upon the block, sirrah?

POMPEY.

Very ready, sir.

BARNARDINE.

How now, Abhorson? what's the news with you?

ABHORSON.

Truly, sir, I would desire you to clap into your prayers; for,

look you, the warrant's come.

BARNARDINE.

You rogue, I have been drinking all night; I am not fitted for't.

POMPEY.

O, the better, sir; for he that drinks all night and is hanged

betimes in the morning may sleep the sounder all the next day.

[Enter DUKE.]

ABHORSON.

Look you, sir, here comes your ghostly father. Do we jest now,

think you?

DUKE.

Sir, induced by my charity, and hearing how hastily you are to

depart, I am come to advise you, comfort you, and pray with you.

BARNARDINE.

Friar, not I; I have been drinking hard all night, and I will

have more time to prepare me, or they shall beat out my brains

with billets: I will not consent to die this day, that's certain.

DUKE.

O, Sir, you must; and therefore I beseech you,

Look forward on the journey you shall go.

BARNARDINE.

I swear I will not die to-day for any man's persuasion.

DUKE.

But hear you,—

BARNARDINE.

Not a word; if you have anything to say to me, come to my ward;

for thence will not I to-day.

[Exit.]

DUKE.

Unfit to live or die. O gravel heart!—

After him, fellows; bring him to the block.

[Exeunt ABHORSON and POMPEY.]

[Enter PROVOST.]

PROVOST.

Now, sir, how do you find the prisoner?

DUKE.

A creature unprepar'd, unmeet for death;

And to transport him in the mind he is

Were damnable.

PROVOST.

Here in the prison, father,

There died this morning of a cruel fever

One Ragozine, a most notorious pirate,

A man of Claudio's years; his beard and head

Just of his colour. What if we do omit

This reprobate till he were well inclined;

And satisfy the deputy with the visage

Of Ragozine, more like to Claudio?

DUKE.

O, 'tis an accident that Heaven provides!

Despatch it presently; the hour draws on

Prefix'd by Angelo: see this be done,

And sent according to command; whiles I

Persuade this rude wretch willingly to die.

PROVOST.

This shall be done, good father, presently.

But Barnardine must die this afternoon:

And how shall we continue Claudio,

To save me from the danger that might come

If he were known alive?

DUKE.

Let this be done;—

Put them in secret holds; both Barnardine and Claudio.

Ere twice the sun hath made his journal greeting

To the under generation, you shall find

Your safety manifested.

PROVOST.

I am your free dependant.

DUKE.

Quick, dispatch, and send the head to Angelo.

[Exit PROVOST.]

Now will I write letters to Angelo,—

The provost, he shall bear them,—whose contents

Shall witness to him I am near at home,

And that, by great injunctions, I am bound

To enter publicly: him I'll desire

To meet me at the consecrated fount,

A league below the city; and from thence,

By cold gradation and well-balanced form.

We shall proceed with Angelo.

[Re-enter PROVOST.]

PROVOST.

Here is the head; I'll carry it myself.

DUKE.

Convenient is it. Make a swift return;

For I would commune with you of such things

That want no ear but yours.

PROVOST.

I'll make all speed.

[Exit.]

ISABELLA.

[Within.] Peace, ho, be here!

DUKE.

The tongue of Isabel.—She's come to know

If yet her brother's pardon be come hither:

But I will keep her ignorant of her good,

To make her heavenly comforts of despair

When it is least expected.

[Enter ISABELLA.]

ISABELLA.

Ho, by your leave!

DUKE.

Good morning to you, fair and gracious daughter.

ISABELLA.

The better, given me by so holy a man.

Hath yet the deputy sent my brother's pardon?

DUKE.

He hath released him, Isabel, from the world:

His head is off and sent to Angelo.

ISABELLA.

Nay, but it is not so.

DUKE.

It is no other:

Show your wisdom, daughter, in your close patience.

ISABELLA.

O, I will to him and pluck out his eyes!

DUKE.

You shall not be admitted to his sight.

ISABELLA.

Unhappy Claudio! Wretched Isabel!

Injurious world! Most damned Angelo!

DUKE.

This nor hurts him nor profits you a jot:

Forbear it, therefore; give your cause to Heaven.

Mark what I say; which you shall find

By every syllable a faithful verity:

The duke comes home to-morrow;—nay, dry your eyes;

One of our convent, and his confessor,

Gives me this instance. Already he hath carried

Notice to Escalus and Angelo,

Who do prepare to meet him at the gates,

There to give up their power. If you can, pace your wisdom

In that good path that I would wish it go,

And you shall have your bosom on this wretch,

Grace of the duke, revenges to your heart,

And general honour.

ISABELLA.

I am directed by you.

DUKE.

This letter, then, to Friar Peter give;

'Tis that he sent me of the duke's return.

Say, by this token, I desire his company

At Mariana's house to-night. Her cause and yours

I'll perfect him withal; and he shall bring you

Before the duke; and to the head of Angelo

Accuse him home, and home. For my poor self,

I am combined by a sacred vow,

And shall be absent. Wend you with this letter:

Command these fretting waters from your eyes

With a light heart; trust not my holy order,

If I pervert your course.—Who's here?

[Enter LUCIO.]

LUCIO.

Good even. Friar, where is the provost?

DUKE.

Not within, sir.

LUCIO.

O pretty Isabella, I am pale at mine heart to see thine eyes so

red; thou must be patient: I am fain to dine and sup with water

and bran; I dare not for my head fill my belly; one fruitful meal

would set me to't. But they say the duke will be here to-morrow.

By my troth, Isabel, I loved thy brother. If the old fantastical

duke of dark corners had been at home, he had lived.

[Exit ISABELLA.]

DUKE.

Sir, the duke is marvellous little beholding to your reports; but

the best is, he lives not in them.

LUCIO.

Friar, thou knowest not the duke so well as I do: he's a better

woodman than thou takest him for.

DUKE.

Well, you'll answer this one day. Fare ye well.

LUCIO.

Nay, tarry; I'll go along with thee; I can tell thee pretty tales

of the duke.

DUKE.

You have told me too many of him already, sir, if they be true:

if not true, none were enough.

LUCIO.

I was once before him for getting a wench with child.

DUKE.

Did you such a thing?

LUCIO.

Yes, marry, did I; but I was fain to forswear it: they would else

have married me to the rotten medlar.

DUKE.

Sir, your company is fairer than honest. Rest you well.

LUCIO.

By my troth, I'll go with thee to the lane's end. If bawdy talk

offend you, we'll have very little of it. Nay, friar, I am a kind

of burr; I shall stick.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. A Room in ANGELO'S house.

[Enter ANGELO and ESCALUS.]

ESCALUS.

Every letter he hath writ hath disvouched other.

ANGELO.

In most uneven and distracted manner. His actions show much like

to madness; pray heaven his wisdom be not tainted! And why meet him

at the gates, and re-deliver our authorities there?

ESCALUS.

I guess not.

ANGELO.

And why should we proclaim it in an hour before his entering

that, if any crave redress of injustice, they should exhibit

their petitions in the street?

ESCALUS.

He shows his reason for that: to have a dispatch of complaints;

and to deliver us from devices hereafter, which shall then have

no power to stand against us.

ANGELO.

Well, I beseech you, let it be proclaim'd:

Betimes i' the morn I'll call you at your house:

Give notice to such men of sort and suit

As are to meet him.

ESCALUS.

I shall, sir: fare you well.

[Exit.]

ANGELO.

Good night.—

This deed unshapes me quite, makes me unpregnant,

And dull to all proceedings. A deflower'd maid!

And by an eminent body that enforced

The law against it!—But that her tender shame

Will not proclaim against her maiden loss,

How might she tongue me? Yet reason dares her—no:

For my authority bears a so credent bulk,

That no particular scandal once can touch

But it confounds the breather. He should have liv'd,

Save that his riotous youth, with dangerous sense,

Might in the times to come have ta'en revenge,

By so receiving a dishonour'd life

With ransom of such shame. Would yet he had liv'd!

Alack, when once our grace we have forgot,

Nothing goes right; we would, and we would not.

[Exit.]

SCENE V. Fields without the town.

[Enter DUKE in his own habit, and Friar PETER.]

DUKE.

These letters at fit time deliver me. [Giving letters.]

The provost knows our purpose and our plot.

The matter being afoot, keep your instruction

And hold you ever to our special drift;

Though sometimes you do blench from this to that

As cause doth minister. Go, call at Flavius' house,

And tell him where I stay: give the like notice

To Valentinus, Rowland, and to Crassus,

And bid them bring the trumpets to the gate;

But send me Flavius first.

PETER.

It shall be speeded well.

[Exit FRIAR.]

[Enter VARRIUS.]

DUKE.

I thank thee, Varrius; thou hast made good haste:

Come, we will walk. There's other of our friends

Will greet us here anon, my gentle Varrius.

[Exeunt.]

SCENE VI. Street near the City Gate.

[Enter ISABELLA and MARIANA.]

ISABELLA.

To speak so indirectly I am loath;

I would say the truth; but to accuse him so,

That is your part: yet I am advis'd to do it;

He says, to 'vailfull purpose.

MARIANA.

Be ruled by him.

ISABELLA.

Besides, he tells me that, if peradventure

He speak against me on the adverse side,

I should not think it strange; for 'tis a physic

That's bitter to sweet end.

MARIANA.

I would Friar Peter.—

ISABELLA.

O, peace! the friar is come.

[Enter FRIAR PETER.]

PETER.

Come, I have found you out a stand most fit,

Where you may have such vantage on the duke

He shall not pass you. Twice have the trumpets sounded;

The generous and gravest citizens

Have hent the gates, and very near upon

The duke is entering; therefore, hence, away.

[Exeunt.]

ACT V.

SCENE I. A public place near the city gate.

[MARIANA (veiled), ISABELLA, and PETER, at a distance. Enter at

opposite doors DUKE, VARRIUS, Lords; ANGELO, ESCALUS, LUCIO,

PROVOST, Officers, and Citizens.]

DUKE.

My very worthy cousin, fairly met;—

Our old and faithful friend, we are glad to see you.

ANGELO and ESCALUS.

Happy return be to your royal grace!

DUKE.

Many and hearty thankings to you both.

We have made inquiry of you; and we hear

Such goodness of your justice that our soul

Cannot but yield you forth to public thanks,

Forerunning more requital.

ANGELO.

You make my bonds still greater.

DUKE.

O, your desert speaks loud; and I should wrong it

To lock it in the wards of covert bosom,

When it deserves, with characters of brass,

A forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time

And rasure of oblivion. Give me your hand,

And let the subject see, to make them know

That outward courtesies would fain proclaim

Favours that keep within.—Come, Escalus;

You must walk by us on our other hand:

And good supporters are you.

[Enter PETER and ISABELLA come forward.]

PETER.

Now is your time; speak loud, and kneel before him.

ISABELLA.

Justice, O royal duke! Vail your regard

Upon a wrong'd, I'd fain have said, a maid!

O worthy prince, dishonour not your eye

By throwing it on any other object

Till you have heard me in my true complaint,

And given me justice, justice, justice, justice!

DUKE.

Relate your wrongs. In what? By whom? Be brief:

Here is Lord Angelo shall give you justice.

Reveal yourself to him.

ISABELLA.

O worthy duke,

You bid me seek redemption of the devil:

Hear me yourself; for that which I must speak

Must either punish me, not being believ'd,

Or wring redress from you; hear me, O, hear me here!

ANGELO.

My lord, her wits, I fear me, are not firm:

She hath been a suitor to me for her brother,

Cut off by course of justice.

ISABELLA.

By course of justice!

ANGELO.

And she will speak most bitterly and strange.

ISABELLA.

Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak:

That Angelo's forsworn, is it not strange?

That Angelo's a murderer, is't not strange?

That Angelo is an adulterous thief,

An hypocrite, a virgin-violator,

Is it not strange and strange?

DUKE.

Nay, it is ten times strange.

ISABELLA.

It is not truer he is Angelo

Than this is all as true as it is strange:

Nay, it is ten times true; for truth is truth

To the end of reckoning.

DUKE.

Away with her!—Poor soul,

She speaks this in the infirmity of sense.

ISABELLA.

O prince! I conjure thee, as thou believ'st

There is another comfort than this world,

That thou neglect me not with that opinion

That I am touch'd with madness: make not impossible

That which but seems unlike; 'tis not impossible

But one, the wicked'st caitiff on the ground,

May seem as shy, as grave, as just, as absolute,

As Angelo; even so may Angelo,

In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms,

Be an arch-villain; believe it, royal prince,

If he be less, he's nothing; but he's more,

Had I more name for badness.

DUKE.

By mine honesty,

If she be mad, as I believe no other,

Her madness hath the oddest frame of sense,

Such a dependency of thing on thing,

As e'er I heard in madness.

ISABELLA.

O gracious duke,

Harp not on that: nor do not banish reason

For inequality; but let your reason serve

To make the truth appear where it seems hid

And hide the false seems true.

DUKE.

Many that are not mad

Have, sure, more lack of reason.—What would you say?

ISABELLA.

I am the sister of one Claudio,

Condemn'd upon the act of fornication

To lose his head; condemn'd by Angelo:

I, in probation of a sisterhood,

Was sent to by my brother: one Lucio

As then the messenger;—

LUCIO.

That's I, an't like your grace:

I came to her from Claudio, and desir'd her

To try her gracious fortune with Lord Angelo

For her poor brother's pardon.

ISABELLA.

That's he, indeed.

DUKE.

You were not bid to speak.

LUCIO.

No, my good lord;

Nor wish'd to hold my peace.

DUKE.

I wish you now, then;

Pray you take note of it: and when you have

A business for yourself, pray Heaven you then

Be perfect.

LUCIO.

I warrant your honour.

DUKE.

The warrant's for yourself; take heed to it.

ISABELLA.

This gentleman told somewhat of my tale.

LUCIO.

Right.

DUKE.

It may be right; but you are in the wrong

To speak before your time.—Proceed.

ISABELLA.

I went

To this pernicious caitiff deputy.

DUKE.

That's somewhat madly spoken.

ISABELLA.

Pardon it;

The phrase is to the matter.

DUKE.

Mended again. The matter;—proceed.

ISABELLA.

In brief,—to set the needless process by,

How I persuaded, how I pray'd, and kneel'd,

How he refell'd me, and how I replied,—

For this was of much length,—the vile conclusion

I now begin with grief and shame to utter:

He would not, but by gift of my chaste body

To his concupiscible intemperate lust,

Release my brother; and, after much debatement,

My sisterly remorse confutes mine honour,

And I did yield to him. But the next morn betimes,

His purpose surfeiting, he sends a warrant

For my poor brother's head.

DUKE.

This is most likely!

ISABELLA.

O, that it were as like as it is true!

DUKE.

By heaven, fond wretch, thou know'st not what thou speak'st,

Or else thou art suborn'd against his honour

In hateful practice. First, his integrity

Stands without blemish:—next, it imports no reason

That with such vehemency he should pursue

Faults proper to himself: if he had so offended,

He would have weigh'd thy brother by himself,

And not have cut him off. Some one hath set you on;

Confess the truth, and say by whose advice

Thou cam'st here to complain.

ISABELLA.

And is this all?

Then, O you blessed ministers above,

Keep me in patience; and, with ripen'd time,

Unfold the evil which is here wrapt up

In countenance!—Heaven shield your grace from woe,

As I, thus wrong'd, hence unbelieved go!

DUKE.

I know you'd fain be gone.—An officer!

To prison with her!—Shall we thus permit

A blasting and a scandalous breath to fall

On him so near us? This needs must be a practice.

Who knew of your intent and coming hither?

ISABELLA.

One that I would were here, Friar Lodowick.

DUKE.

A ghostly father, belike. Who knows that Lodowick?

LUCIO.

My lord, I know him; 'tis a meddling friar.

I do not like the man: had he been lay, my lord,

For certain words he spake against your grace

In your retirement, I had swing'd him soundly.

DUKE.

Words against me? This's a good friar, belike!

And to set on this wretched woman here

Against our substitute!—Let this friar be found.

LUCIO.

But yesternight, my lord, she and that friar,

I saw them at the prison: a saucy friar,

A very scurvy fellow.

PETER.

Bless'd be your royal grace!

I have stood by, my lord, and I have heard

Your royal ear abus'd. First, hath this woman

Most wrongfully accus'd your substitute;

Who is as free from touch or soil with her

As she from one ungot.

DUKE.

We did believe no less.

Know you that Friar Lodowick that she speaks of?

PETER.

I know him for a man divine and holy;

Not scurvy, nor a temporary meddler,

As he's reported by this gentleman;

And, on my trust, a man that never yet

Did, as he vouches, misreport your grace.

LUCIO.

My lord, most villainously; believe it.

PETER.

Well, he in time may come to clear himself;

But at this instant he is sick, my lord,

Of a strange fever. Upon his mere request,—

Being come to knowledge that there was complaint

Intended 'gainst Lord Angelo,—came I hither

To speak, as from his mouth, what he doth know

Is true and false; and what he, with his oath

And all probation, will make up full clear,

Whensoever he's convented. First, for this woman—

To justify this worthy nobleman,

So vulgarly and personally accus'd,—

Her shall you hear disproved to her eyes,

Till she herself confess it.

DUKE.

Good friar, let's hear it.

[ISABELLA is carried off, guarded; and MARIANA comes forward.]

Do you not smile at this, Lord Angelo?—

O heaven! the vanity of wretched fools!

Give us some seats.—Come, cousin Angelo;

In this I'll be impartial; be you judge

Of your own cause.—Is this the witness, friar?

First let her show her face, and after speak.

MARIANA.

Pardon, my lord; I will not show my face

Until my husband bid me.

DUKE.

What! are you married?

MARIANA.

No, my lord.

DUKE.

Are you a maid?

MARIANA.

No, my lord.

DUKE.

A widow, then?

MARIANA.

Neither, my lord.

DUKE.

Why, you are nothing then:—neither maid, widow, nor wife?

LUCIO.

My lord, she may be a punk; for many of them are neither maid,

widow, nor

wife.

DUKE.

Silence that fellow: I would he had some cause

To prattle for himself.

LUCIO.

Well, my lord.

MARIANA.

My lord, I do confess I ne'er was married,

And I confess, besides, I am no maid:

I have known my husband; yet my husband knows not

That ever he knew me.

LUCIO.

He was drunk, then, my lord; it can be no better.

DUKE.

For the benefit of silence, would thou wert so too!

LUCIO.

Well, my lord.

DUKE.

This is no witness for Lord Angelo.

MARIANA.

Now I come to't, my lord:

She that accuses him of fornication,

In self-same manner doth accuse my husband;

And charges him, my lord, with such a time

When I'll depose I had him in mine arms,

With all the effect of love.

ANGELO.

Charges she more than me?

MARIANA.

Not that I know.

DUKE.

No? you say your husband.

MARIANA.

Why, just, my lord, and that is Angelo,

Who thinks he knows that he ne'er knew my body,

But knows he thinks that he knows Isabel's.

ANGELO.

This is a strange abuse.—Let's see thy face.

MARIANA.

My husband bids me; now I will unmask. [Unveiling.]

This is that face, thou cruel Angelo,

Which once thou swor'st was worth the looking on:

This is the hand which, with a vow'd contract,

Was fast belock'd in thine; this is the body

That took away the match from Isabel,

And did supply thee at thy garden-house

In her imagin'd person.

DUKE.

Know you this woman?

LUCIO.

Carnally, she says.

DUKE.

Sirrah, no more.

LUCIO.

Enough, my lord.

ANGELO.

My lord, I must confess I know this woman;

And five years since there was some speech of marriage

Betwixt myself and her; which was broke off,

Partly for that her promis'd proportions

Came short of composition; but in chief

For that her reputation was disvalued

In levity: since which time of five years

I never spake with her, saw her, nor heard from her,

Upon my faith and honour.

MARIANA.

Noble prince,

As there comes light from heaven and words from breath,

As there is sense in truth and truth in virtue,

I am affianc'd this man's wife as strongly

As words could make up vows: and, my good lord,

But Tuesday night last gone, in his garden-house,

He knew me as a wife. As this is true,

Let me in safety raise me from my knees,

Or else for ever be confixed here,

A marble monument!

ANGELO.

I did but smile till now;

Now, good my lord, give me the scope of justice;

My patience here is touch'd. I do perceive

These poor informal women are no more

But instruments of some more mightier member

That sets them on. Let me have way, my lord,

To find this practice out.

DUKE.

Ay, with my heart;

And punish them to your height of pleasure.—

Thou foolish friar, and thou pernicious woman,

Compact with her that's gone, thinkst thou thy oaths,

Though they would swear down each particular saint,

Were testimonies against his worth and credit,

That's seal'd in approbation?—You, Lord Escalus,

Sit with my cousin; lend him your kind pains

To find out this abuse, whence 'tis deriv'd.—

There is another friar that set them on;

Let him be sent for.

PETER.

Would lie were here, my lord; for he indeed

Hath set the women on to this complaint:

Your provost knows the place where he abides,

And he may fetch him.

DUKE.

Go, do it instantly.—

[Exit PROVOST.]

And you, my noble and well-warranted cousin,

Whom it concerns to hear this matter forth,

Do with your injuries as seems you best

In any chastisement. I for a while

Will leave you: but stir not you till you have well

Determined upon these slanderers.

ESCALUS.

My lord, we'll do it throughly.

[Exit DUKE.]

Signior Lucio, did not you say you knew that Friar Lodowick to be

a dishonest person?

LUCIO.

'Cucullus non facit monachum': honest in nothing but in his

clothes; and one that hath spoke most villainous speeches of the

duke.

ESCALUS.

We shall entreat you to abide here till he come and enforce them

against him: we shall find this friar a notable fellow.

LUCIO.

As any in Vienna, on my word.

ESCALUS.

Call that same Isabel here once again [to an Attendant]; I would

speak with her. Pray you, my lord, give me leave to question; you

shall see how I'll handle her.

LUCIO.

Not better than he, by her own report.

ESCALUS.

Say you?

LUCIO.

Marry, sir, I think, if you handled her privately, she would

sooner confess: perchance, publicly, she'll be ashamed.

[Re-enter Officers, with ISABELLA.]

ESCALUS.

I will go darkly to work with her.

LUCIO.

That's the way; for women are light at midnight.

ESCALUS.

Come on, mistress [to ISABELLA]; here's a gentlewoman denies all

that you have said.

LUCIO.

My lord, here comes the rascal I spoke of, here with the Provost.

[Re-enter the DUKE in his friar's habit, and PROVOST.]

ESCALUS.

In very good time:—speak not you to him till we call upon you.

LUCIO.

Mum.

ESCALUS.

Come, sir: did you set these women on to slander Lord Angelo?

they have confessed you did.

DUKE.

'Tis false.

ESCALUS.

How! Know you where you are?

DUKE.

Respect to your great place! and let the devil

Be sometime honour'd for his burning throne!—

Where is the duke? 'tis he should hear me speak.

ESCALUS.

The duke's in us; and we will hear you speak:

Look you speak justly.

DUKE.

Boldly, at least. But, O, poor souls,

Come you to seek the lamb here of the fox,

Good night to your redress! Is the duke gone?

Then is your cause gone too. The duke's unjust

Thus to retort your manifest appeal,

And put your trial in the villain's mouth

Which here you come to accuse.

LUCIO.

This is the rascal; this is he I spoke of.

ESCALUS.

Why, thou unreverend and unhallow'd friar,

Is't not enough thou hast suborn'd these women

To accuse this worthy man, but, in foul mouth,

And in the witness of his proper ear,

To call him villain?

And then to glance from him to the duke himself,

To tax him with injustice? Take him hence;

To the rack with him!—We'll touze you joint by joint,

But we will know his purpose.—What! unjust?

DUKE.

Be not so hot; the duke

Dare no more stretch this finger of mine than he

Dare rack his own; his subject am I not,

Nor here provincial. My business in this state

Made me a looker-on here in Vienna,

Where I have seen corruption boil and bubble

Till it o'errun the stew: laws for all faults,

But faults so countenanc'd that the strong statutes

Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop,

As much in mock as mark.

ESCALUS.

Slander to the state! Away with him to prison!

ANGELO.

What can you vouch against him, Signior Lucio?

Is this the man that you did tell us of?

LUCIO.

'Tis he, my lord. Come hither, good-man bald-pate.

Do you know me?

DUKE.

I remember you, sir, by the sound of your voice. I met you at the

prison, in the absence of the duke.

LUCIO.

O did you so? And do you remember what you said of the duke?

DUKE.

Most notedly, sir.

LUCIO.

Do you so, sir? And was the duke a fleshmonger, a fool, and a

coward, as you then reported him to be?

DUKE.

You must, sir, change persons with me ere you make that my

report: you, indeed, spoke so of him; and much more, much worse.

LUCIO.

O thou damnable fellow! Did not I pluck thee by the nose for thy

speeches?

DUKE.

I protest I love the duke as I love myself.

ANGELO.

Hark how the villain would gloze now, after his treasonable

abuses!

ESCALUS.

Such a fellow is not to be talked withal. Away with him to

prison!—Where is the provost?—Away with him to prison! lay

bolts enough upon him: let him speak no more.—Away with those

giglots too, and with the other confederate companion!

[The PROVOST lays hands on the DUKE.]

DUKE.

Stay, sir; stay awhile.

ANGELO.

What! resists he?—Help him, Lucio.

LUCIO.

Come, sir; come, sir! come, sir; foh, sir! Why, you bald-pated

lying rascal! you must be hooded, must you? Show your knave's

visage, with a pox to you! show your sheep-biting face, and be

hanged an hour! Will't not off?

[Pulls off the Friar's hood and discovers the DUKE.]

DUKE.

Thou art the first knave that e'er made a duke.—

First, Provost, let me bail these gentle three:—

Sneak not away, sir[To Lucio.]; for the friar and you

Must have a word anon:—Lay hold on him.

LUCIO.

This may prove worse than hanging.

DUKE.

What you have spoke I pardon; sit you down.—[To ESCALUS.]

We'll borrow place of him.—[To ANGELO.] Sir, by your leave.

Hast thou or word, or wit, or impudence,

That yet can do thee office? If thou hast,

Rely upon it till my tale be heard,

And hold no longer out.

ANGELO.

O my dread lord,

I should be guiltier than my guiltiness,

To think I can be undiscernible,

When I perceive your grace, like power divine,

Hath look'd upon my passes. Then, good Prince,

No longer session hold upon my shame,

But let my trial be mine own confession:

Immediate sentence then, and sequent death,

Is all the grace I beg.

DUKE.

Come hither, Mariana:—

Say, wast thou e'er contracted to this woman?

ANGELO.

I was, my lord.

DUKE.

Go, take her hence and marry her instantly.

Do you the office, friar; which consummate,

Return him here again.—Go with him, Provost.

[Exeunt ANGELO, MARIANA, PETER, and PROVOST.]

ESCALUS.

My lord, I am more amazed at his dishonour

Than at the strangeness of it.

DUKE.

Come hither, Isabel:

Your friar is now your prince. As I was then

Advertising and holy to your business,

Not changing heart with habit, I am still

Attorney'd at your service.

ISABELLA.

O, give me pardon,

That I, your vassal, have employ'd and pain'd

Your unknown sovereignty.

DUKE.

You are pardon'd, Isabel.

And now, dear maid, be you as free to us.

Your brother's death, I know, sits at your heart;

And you may marvel why I obscur'd myself,

Labouring to save his life, and would not rather

Make rash remonstrance of my hidden power

Than let him so be lost. O most kind maid,

It was the swift celerity of his death,

Which I did think with slower foot came on,

That brain'd my purpose. But peace be with him!

That life is better life, past fearing death,

Than that which lives to fear: make it your comfort,

So happy is your brother.

ISABELLA.

I do, my lord.

[Re-enter ANGELO, MARIANA, PETER, and PROVOST.]

DUKE.

For this new-married man approaching here,

Whose salt imagination yet hath wrong'd

Your well-defended honour, you must pardon

For Mariana's sake: but as he adjudg'd your brother,—

Being criminal, in double violation

Of sacred chastity and of promise-breach,

Thereon dependent, for your brother's life,—

The very mercy of the law cries out

Most audible, even from his proper tongue,

'An Angelo for Claudio, death for death.'

Haste still pays haste, and leisure answers leisure;

Like doth quit like, and measure still for measure.

Then, Angelo, thy fault's thus manifested,—

Which, though thou wouldst deny, denies thee vantage.—

We do condemn thee to the very block

Where Claudio stoop'd to death, and with like haste.—

Away with him.

MARIANA.

O my most gracious lord,

I hope you will not mock me with a husband!

DUKE.

It is your husband mock'd you with a husband.

Consenting to the safeguard of your honour,

I thought your marriage fit; else imputation,

For that he knew you, might reproach your life,

And choke your good to come: for his possessions,

Although by confiscation they are ours,

We do instate and widow you withal

To buy you a better husband.

MARIANA.

O my dear lord,

I crave no other, nor no better man.

DUKE.

Never crave him; we are definitive.

MARIANA.

Gentle my liege—[Kneeling.]

DUKE.

You do but lose your labour.—

Away with him to death!—[To LUCIO.] Now, sir, to you.

MARIANA.

O my good lord!—Sweet Isabel, take my part;

Lend me your knees, and all my life to come

I'll lend you all my life to do you service.

DUKE.

Against all sense you do importune her.

Should she kneel down in mercy of this fact,

Her brother's ghost his paved bed would break,

And take her hence in horror.

MARIANA.

Isabel,

Sweet Isabel, do yet but kneel by me;

Hold up your hands, say nothing,—I'll speak all.

They say, best men are moulded out of faults;

And, for the most, become much more the better

For being a little bad: so may my husband.

O Isabel, will you not lend a knee?

DUKE.

He dies for Claudio's death.

ISABELLA.

[Kneeling.] Most bounteous sir,

Look, if it please you, on this man condemn'd,

As if my brother liv'd: I partly think

A due sincerity govern'd his deeds

Till he did look on me; since it is so,

Let him not die. My brother had but justice,

In that he did the thing for which he died:

For Angelo,

His act did not o'ertake his bad intent,

And must be buried but as an intent

That perish'd by the way. Thoughts are no subjects;

Intents but merely thoughts.

MARIANA.

Merely, my lord.

DUKE.

Your suit's unprofitable; stand up, I say.—

I have bethought me of another fault.—

Provost, how came it Claudio was beheaded

At an unusual hour?

PROVOST.

It was commanded so.

DUKE.

Had you a special warrant for the deed?

PROVOST.

No, my good lord; it was by private message.

DUKE.

For which I do discharge you of your office:

Give up your keys.

PROVOST.

Pardon me, noble lord:

I thought it was a fault, but knew it not;

Yet did repent me, after more advice:

For testimony whereof, one in the prison,

That should by private order else have died,

I have reserved alive.

DUKE.

What's he?

PROVOST.

His name is Barnardine.

DUKE.

I would thou hadst done so by Claudio.—

Go fetch him hither; let me look upon him.

[Exit PROVOST.]

ESCALUS.

I am sorry one so learned and so wise

As you, Lord Angelo, have still appear'd,

Should slip so grossly, both in the heat of blood

And lack of temper'd judgment afterward.

ANGELO.

I am sorry that such sorrow I procure:

And so deep sticks it in my penitent heart

That I crave death more willingly than mercy;

'Tis my deserving, and I do entreat it.

[Re-enter PROVOST, with BARNARDINE, CLAUDIO (muffled) and

JULIET.]

DUKE.

Which is that Barnardine?

PROVOST.

This, my lord.

DUKE.

There was a friar told me of this man:—

Sirrah, thou art said to have a stubborn soul,

That apprehends no further than this world,

And squar'st thy life according. Thou'rt condemn'd;

But, for those earthly faults, I quit them all,

And pray thee take this mercy to provide

For better times to come:—Friar, advise him;

I leave him to your hand.—What muffled fellow's that?

PROVOST.

This is another prisoner that I sav'd,

Who should have died when Claudio lost his head;

As like almost to Claudio as himself.

[Unmuffles CLAUDIO.]

DUKE.

If he be like your brother [to ISABELLA], for his sake

Is he pardon'd; and for your lovely sake,

Give me your hand and say you will be mine;

He is my brother too: but fitter time for that.

By this Lord Angelo perceives he's safe;

Methinks I see a quick'ning in his eye.—

Well, Angelo, your evil quits you well":

Look that you love your wife; her worth worth yours.—

I find an apt remission in myself;

And yet here's one in place I cannot pardon.—

You, sirrah [to Lucio], that knew me for a fool, a coward,

One all of luxury, an ass, a madman;

Wherein have I so deserved of you

That you extol me thus?

LUCIO.

Faith, my lord, I spoke it but according to the trick. If you

will hang me for

it, you may; but I had rather it would please you I might be

whipped.

DUKE.

Whipp'd first, sir, and hang'd after.—

Proclaim it, Provost, round about the city,

If any woman wrong'd by this lewd fellow,—

As I have heard him swear himself there's one

Whom he begot with child,—let her appear,

And he shall marry her: the nuptial finish'd,

Let him be whipp'd and hang'd.

LUCIO.

I beseech your highness, do not marry me to a whore! Your

highness said even now I made you a duke; good my lord, do not

recompense me in making me a cuckold.

DUKE.

Upon mine honour, thou shalt marry her.

Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal

Remit thy other forfeits.—Take him to prison;

And see our pleasure herein executed.

LUCIO.

Marrying a punk, my lord, is pressing to death, whipping, and

hanging.

DUKE.

Slandering a prince deserves it.—

[Exeunt Officers with LUCIO.]

She, Claudio, that you wrong'd, look you restore.—

Joy to you, Mariana!—Love her, Angelo;

I have confess'd her, and I know her virtue.—

Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness

There's more behind that is more gratulate.

Thanks, Provost, for thy care and secrecy;

We shall employ thee in a worthier place.—

Forgive him, Angelo, that brought you home

The head of Ragozine for Claudio's:

The offence pardons itself.—Dear Isabel,

I have a motion much imports your good;

Whereto if you'll a willing ear incline,

What's mine is yours, and what is yours is mine:—

So, bring us to our palace; where we'll show

What's yet behind that's meet you all should know.

[Exeunt.]

This work published before January 1, 1923 is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.