A merchant is a businessman who trades in commodities that he did not produce himself, in order to earn a profit.
Merchants can be one of two types:
A merchant class characterizes many pre-modern societies. Its status can range from high (the members even eventually achieving titles such as that of merchant prince or nabob) to low, as in Chinese culture, owing to the presumed distastefulness of profiting from "mere" trade rather than from labor or the labor of others as in agriculture and craftsmanship.
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In the United States, "merchant" is defined (under the Uniform Commercial Code) as any person while engaged in a business or profession or a seller who deals regularly in the type of goods sold. Under the common law and the Uniform Commercial Code in the United States, merchants are held to a higher standard in the selling of products than those who are not engaged in the sale of goods as a profession.
There are a few subtle differences between the way merchants and non merchants are treated under the UCC. This list of rules is non exhaustive.
When a merchant sells something, he or she is deemed to give an implied warranty of merchantability, guaranteeing that the product is fit to be sold, even if there is nothing in writing to this effect.
The UCC also contains a "merchant's confirmation" exception to the Statute of Frauds. The Merchant Confirmation Rule states that if one merchant sends a writing sufficient to satisfy the statute of frauds to another merchant, the merchant has reason to know of the contents of the sent confirmation and the receiver does not object to the confirmation within 10 days, the confirmation is good to satisfy the statute as to both parties.
Under common law, an offer to purchase can be revoked at anytime before acceptance. However, dealing between merchants, an offer can be made 'firm' or irrevocable for a certain period of time. In order for a merchant to create a 'firm offer' it must satisfy the Statute of Frauds. When dealing between merchants, the Statute of Frauds will be satisfied so long as it satisfies an authentication under the UCC Section 2-205 (a signature/mark will do). This is called the firm offer rule. Provided this occurs, the offer will stay 'firm' for a period of 90 days. If the offer is for a longer period courts will limit the offer period to 90 days.
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The Hebrew word so rendered is from a root meaning "to travel
about," "to migrate," and hence "a traveller." In the East, in
ancient times, merchants travelled about with their merchandise
from place to place (Gen 37:25; Job 6:18), and carried on their trade
mainly by bartering (Gen 37:28; 39:1). After the
Hebrews became settled in Palestine they began to engage in commercial
pursuits, which gradually expanded (49:13; Deut 33:18; Jdg 5:17), till in the time of Solomon they are found in the
chief marts of the world (1 Kg 9:26; 10:11, 26, 28; 22:48;
2Chr 1:16; 9:10, 21). After
Solomon's time their trade
with foreign nations began to decline. After the Exile it again expanded into wider
foreign relations, because now the Jews were scattered in many
lands.
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Merchants deal with trade. That means they deal goods that they do not produce themselves, in order to get profit.
Merchants can be into two types:
In the US, "merchant" is any person while engaged in a business or profession or a seller who deals regularly in the type of goods sold. Under the common law in the United States, merchants are held to a higher standard in the selling of products than those who are not engaged in the sale of goods as a profession. For example, when a merchant sells something, he or she is expected to give a warranty, guaranteeing that the product is fit to be sold, even if there is nothing in writing to this effect.
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